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</li> <li id="toc-Serra_and_related_dances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serra_and_related_dances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Serra and related dances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serra_and_related_dances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_dances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_dances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Other dances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_dances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2375" /></a><figcaption>Pontic Greek group performing a dance, likely <a href="/wiki/Kochari" title="Kochari">kotsari</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; font-family:serif;""><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Pontic_eagle" title="Pontic eagle"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sinopeagle.png/150px-Sinopeagle.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sinopeagle.png/225px-Sinopeagle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Sinopeagle.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="279" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_culture" title="Pontic Greek culture">Pontic culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pontic_lyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic lyra">lyra</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folk dance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serra_(dance)" title="Serra (dance)">serra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_culture#Traditional_clothing" title="Pontic Greek culture">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_culture#Art" title="Pontic Greek culture">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_culture#Architecture" title="Pontic Greek culture">Architecture</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Languages and dialects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Romeika</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek#Dialects" title="Pontic Greek">Oflidika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Black Sea colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Kingdom of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia#Roman_period" title="Classical Anatolia">Roman Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Trebizond_(1461)" title="Siege of Trebizond (1461)">Fall of Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">Population exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Turkey" title="Greeks in Turkey">Modern Turkey</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Religion</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Greeks">Crimean Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Persecution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_genocide" title="Pontic Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasya_trials" title="Amasya trials">Amasya trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_battalions_(Turkey)" title="Labour battalions (Turkey)">Amele taburları</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pontic_Greeks" title="Template:Pontic Greeks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pontic_Greeks" title="Template talk:Pontic Greeks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pontic_Greeks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pontic Greeks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Pontic Greek folk dances are a group of over ninety dances traditionally performed by <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pontic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic language">Pontic</a>: Ρωμαίοι).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011442-1">[1]</a> Dance has been an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_culture" title="Pontic Greek culture">Pontian culture</a> since ancient times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512-2">[2]</a> Dances vary based on region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201516-3">[3]</a> Today, few Pontians remain in the <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus region</a>, but those living in the diaspora worldwide still perform folk dances to preserve their cultural heritage and group identity. Dances are accompanied by traditional music. Some traditional instruments include the <a href="/wiki/Kemen%C3%A7e_of_the_Black_Sea" title="Kemençe of the Black Sea">lyra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">daouli</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">zurna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dankiyo" title="Dankiyo">dankiyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulum" title="Tulum">tulum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tik_diplon-4">[4]</a> The instrumental music may or may not be accompanied by singing. All dances are traditionally performed in lines or circles with participants linking hands. The circle may shrink and expand during the dance, or it may move clockwise or counterclockwise. Pontic Greek dances can be distinguished from other types of <a href="/wiki/Greek_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek dance">Greek dance</a> because of their unique style. Pontian dances are characterized by shoulder tremors, abrupt pauses, synchronized arm swinging, knee bends, and precise steps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512-2">[2]</a> Shimmying—the flexion and rotation of the torso—is also characteristic of Pontian dance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201650-5">[5]</a> Some dances are only performed by women, others only by men; many dances can be performed by both. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_origin">History and origin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and origin">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient times">edit</a>]</div> Modern Pontian Greek dances integrate many elements of Ancient Greek, Byzantine, <a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Caucasian</a> (including Armenian), and Turkish dances. Some have their origins in ancient Greek dances from the 8th century BCE, such as the ancient <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhichios" title="Pyrrhichios">Pyrrhichios</a> or Pyrrhic dance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007241–242-6">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri,_arte_neoattica_(100-50_ac._ca.)_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Relief of nude men with shields dancing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri%2C_arte_neoattica_%28100-50_ac._ca.%29_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG/440px-Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri%2C_arte_neoattica_%28100-50_ac._ca.%29_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG" decoding="async" width="440" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri%2C_arte_neoattica_%28100-50_ac._ca.%29_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG/660px-Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri%2C_arte_neoattica_%28100-50_ac._ca.%29_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri%2C_arte_neoattica_%28100-50_ac._ca.%29_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG/880px-Rilievo_con_danza_pirrica_di_guerrieri%2C_arte_neoattica_%28100-50_ac._ca.%29_da_modello_ateniese_forse_del_350-300_ac_ca..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Pyrrhichios dance in ancient art, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern">Early modern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early modern">edit</a>]</div> Most Pontians today live in Greece. Their ancestors came to Greece as refugees fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">violence in the late Ottoman Empire</a> or as exchangees following the <a href="/wiki/Greek-Turkish_population_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek-Turkish population exchange">Greek-Turkish population exchange</a>. Some dances were permanently lost during the Greek genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201654-7">[7]</a> Despite originating from many different parts of the <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontos</a> and having a variety of different cultural traditions, Pontian refugees in Greece banded together and eventually formed a shared cultural identity as Pontian Greeks. Shared dances became a way for Pontians to remember and preserve their history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007242-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201649-9">[9]</a> It was believed that performing dances like the kotsari could ward off evil spirits, making them not only a form of expression but also a dance of protection.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_day">Modern day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern day">edit</a>]</div> Pontian traditional dances have been incorporated into gym classes at Greek public schools. In addition, dancers performed Pontian dances at the closing of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Olympic Games</a> in Athens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512-2">[2]</a> Dances are also performed by a variety of troupes at the yearly Panayía Soumelá festivities;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011436-437-10">[10]</a> every year on August 15, Greek Orthodox Pontians gather at a monastery in the <a href="/wiki/Vermio_Mountains" title="Vermio Mountains">Vermio Mountains</a> to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011431-11">[11]</a> Many Pontic Greek dance groups exist worldwide in the diaspora. According to one Pontic Greek man living in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, "every Pontian club had a dancing group."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201513-12">[12]</a> Today, some dances may be performed to Western instruments like <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201515-13">[13]</a> Dance is essential to Pontian life and occurs at almost all major events. Pontians dance at large dinners, at weddings, at wedding receptions, to celebrate birthdays, to celebrate upcoming marriages, at Greek festivals, at religious festivals, and during commemorative events.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201650-5">[5]</a> Dance is strongly connected to emotion, group identity, and group memory as Pontians. Anthropologist Valerie Liddle argues that Pontians also dance to commemorate the loss of their former home in Pontos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201651-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</div> Styles of music and dance vary based on the region. A dance traditionally performed in a rural village of the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic Alps">Pontic Alps</a> in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_Province" title="Gümüşhane Province">Gümüşhane Province</a> would be very different from a dance traditionally performed in coastal <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezunta</a>, for example.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Beyond that, there are a variety of dance styles. Dances performed by women and men may vary. Some dances, such as the <a href="/wiki/Serra_(dance)" title="Serra (dance)">serra</a>, are vigorous and fast-paced. Others, such as the omal monon, have a slower, more even pace. Rhythm may vary based on region and dance group. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grips">Grips</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grips">edit</a>]</div> Dances are typically performed by a group of people linking their hands or touching one another's arms in some way. The grips vary based on dance and performers. Some grips include: <ul><li>"W" grip (Dancers clasp hands with elbows bent)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007252-16">[16]</a></li> <li>"T" grip (Dancers lay their hands on one another's shoulders, as in <a href="/wiki/Kochari" title="Kochari">kotsari</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007252-16">[16]</a></li> <li>"V" grip (dancers hold hands without bending elbows)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007252-16">[16]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dancers in traditional Pontian clothes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg/440px-Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg/660px-Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg/880px-Enosi_Pontion_Pierias_Tanzgruppe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enosi_Pontion_Pierias" title="Enosi Pontion Pierias">Enosi Pontion Pierias</a>, Pontian dance group in Greece, performing a mixed dance</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tik_dances">Tik dances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tik dances">edit</a>]</div> Tik is a class of fourteen mixed dances. Dances may be performed in 5/8, 7/16, or rarely 2/4 meter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201483-17">[17]</a> Tik is a Romeika word, borrowed from Turkish, meaning "upright" or "brave."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201486-18">[18]</a> <ul><li>Tik diplon ("double tik"), a 10-step dance originally from Kars, danced counterclockwise. Participants link hands and bend their arms at the elbows in the "W" grip. The dance is mixed, performed by both women and men. The dance is also called tik so gonaton (tik of the knee) because the knee bends during the dance. It is always danced to music with vocals.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The instruments can include the lyra, dankiyo, zurna, tulum, <a href="/wiki/Kemane" title="Kemane">kemane</a>, or oud; it can also be accompanied by Western instruments such as the violin, flute, and clarinet.<a href="#cite_note-tik_diplon-4">[4]</a> The meter is 5/8 and the tempo is 300-384 bpm, although this can vary; in one study, tik diplon was danced to 70 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007250-20">[20]</a> It has a distinctive style with repeated, rhythmic bends of the knee, hence the name.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201486-18">[18]</a> This is the most common tik variant danced today.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201484-21">[21]</a></li> <li>Varyn tik ("heavy tik") is a variety from <a href="/wiki/Akda%C4%9Fmadeni" title="Akdağmadeni">Akdağmadeni</a>. It is slow compared to some varieties, with a tempo of 214 bpm. The dance is typically accompanied by zurna music. It is danced in 5/8 meter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201486-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Varyn monon tik is a simpler variety of Varyn tik, with fewer steps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201487-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Tik monon ("single tik") is a variety from <a href="/wiki/Bafra" title="Bafra">Bafra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201484-21">[21]</a></li> <li>Tik lagefton ("jumping tik") is a variety that includes a jump on the second step. The meter is 5/8 and the tempo is 300-384 bpm. It is similar to the dance tiki from <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar" title="Şebinkarahisar">Şebinkarahisar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201486-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Tik of <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Matsouka</a> is a lively dance with small jumps. The meter is 5/8 and the tempo is 300-384 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201487-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Tik monon of <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezounta</a> is a slow dance with short movements. The meter is 2/4 and the tempo is 90 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201487-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Shyton is a variety of tik monon from Imera, a village near <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a>. It is danced clockwise, unlike most varieties. The meter is 5/8 and the tempo is 263 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201487-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Apo pan ke kan ("from up and down") is a variety from <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Matsouka</a>. It involves only basic steps. Rather than linking hands with elbows bent, participants link hands with their arms crossed behind their backs. In this way, a participant links hands with the second dancer from them rather than the person immediately next to them. The meter is 5/8 and the tempo is 263 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201488-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Atsiapat or Atschapat, from the town of <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7aabat" title="Akçaabat">Akçaabat</a>, is a very unique dance. It is a men's dance or mixed dance (depending on region) that involves a slight repeated bending of the trunk. Hands move up and down throughout the dance. The meter is 7/16, and the tempo is 400 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201488-23">[23]</a> The is generally accompanied by a number of traditional instruments, including the daouli and Pontic lyra.<a href="#cite_note-pontosworld.com-24">[24]</a></li> <li>Tik tromachton, Titireme, or Ti Lazias is a very fast-paced dance with only three steps (or, in some cases, "a sharp step followed by trembling"). It is performed across Pontos to different names with slight variations in the steps. It usually accompanies music without singing. The meter is 7/16, and the tempo is 500-580 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201488-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Kousera, another variety from <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Matsouka</a>, combines aspects of both the tik tromachton and the tik monon. The meter is 2/4 and the tempo is 164 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201489-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Tsourtoughouzous is a variety from the area around <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011441-26">[26]</a> The tempo varies throughout the song. It is a lively dance performed in a closed circle with much stamping of the feet. The meter is 2/4 and the tempo is 125 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201489-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Tik lazias hails from the villages around <a href="/wiki/Akda%C4%9Fmadeni" title="Akdağmadeni">Akdağmadeni</a>. This is a male dance. Unlike in most Pontic dances, the dancers don't touch; instead, each dancer raises his right hand while keeping his left hand behind his waist. The dancers still form a closed circle as if linked. The meter is 7/16 and the tempo is around 500 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201489-25">[25]</a></li> <li>The tsakomata or serra (not to be confused with the men's war dance serra, detailed below) is a men's dance widespread across Pontos. The dance was performed in a closed circle, and one dancer was the leader who would call out phrases to signal different motions. Most Pontian dances don't have a leader. There are many names and varieties for this dance. The meter is 7/16 and the tempo is 500-580 bpm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201489-25">[25]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omal_dances">Omal dances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Omal dances">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Omal" title="Omal">Omal</a> is another class of mixed dances. In Romeika, omal means "regular" or "smooth," as the dances have simple steps without much jumping or stomping. <ul><li>Omal monon, or omal aplon, is a simple dance with 6 steps. Dancers link their hands in the "W" grip and stand in a closed circle. The musical accompaniment varied based on the region.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li>Omal diplon</li> <li>Omal garasaris, or the <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> omal, is danced in a 2/4 meter with a tempo of 104 bpm. It is a mixed dance. Dancers hold hands and bend their elbows in the "W" grip.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007248-28">[28]</a></li> <li>Omal kounichton</li> <li>Omal trapezountas, or <a href="/wiki/Dipat" title="Dipat">dipat</a>, is a variety from <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezounta</a> with a meter of 9/8. The tempo is 120 bpm. Dancers use the "W" grip. It is a relaxed, slow dance with small steps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007247-29">[29]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serra_and_related_dances">Serra and related dances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Serra and related dances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_(11516300803).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pontic men dance in a government building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%2811516300803%29.jpg/220px-%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%2811516300803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%2811516300803%29.jpg/330px-%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%2811516300803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%2811516300803%29.jpg/440px-%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%2811516300803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Pontians performing a dance, probably serra, during a Christmas celebration at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Greece)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> in Greece</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atsiapat" title="Atsiapat">Atsiapat</a> (Ατσαπάτ), a version of the serra dance originating in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7aabat" title="Akçaabat">Akçaabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon Province</a>. The atsiapat is generally accompanied by the daouli (drum) and Pontic lyra. In Akçaabat, only men performed the dance; in the <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Matzouka</a> region, both women and men performed it.<a href="#cite_note-pontosworld.com-24">[24]</a></li> <li>Syrtos, a dance with musical and vocal accompaniment. This is also a war dance; the lyrics of the accompanying song described a battle.<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horon_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horon (dance)">Horon (dance)</a> is the Turkish word for the serra dance, from the Romeika horoi meaning "dance".<a href="#cite_note-serra-31">[31]</a> Many Pontic Turks, whose ancestors lived side by side with the Pontic Greeks, still perform the horon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_(dance)" title="Serra (dance)">Serra (dance)</a>, also called pyrrichios, is a dynamic men's dance.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> It likely descends from an Ancient Greek war dance, the <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhichios" title="Pyrrhichios">Pyrrhichios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011437-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Although danced at celebrations, it maintains the characteristics of a war dance. Mouzenidis, writing for the Greek periodical Pontiaki Estia in 1956, argued that the serra represents a fight almost lost. The first phase of dance represents a joyous people, the second represents an injured fighter, and the third represents a redemption. The dance starts slow in the first phase. In the second phase, the dance quickens pace and becomes uneasy, as the dancers mimic injured fighters, tremble, and drop to their knees. At the last phase of the dance, the dancers rise up again, heads and hands held high.<a href="#cite_note-serra-31">[31]</a> It is danced in sequence with other dances, including the syrtos and atsiapat. Although it evolved from a war dance, in more recent times it is typically performed at celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a> In 2022, thanks to the research of Pontian Greek scholar Alexia Ioannidou, the serra was included in Greece's National Index of Intangible Cultural Heritage.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_dances">Other dances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other dances">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Apo pan ke ka, tik variant, from Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Armatsouk of Kars<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Arxoulamas/Ikeleme of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Chyton</li> <li>Diplo kots</li> <li>Ekativa sa Paksides of Trapezounta<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Empropis is danced in 9/8 with a tempo of 138 bpm. It is a quick dance utilizing small steps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007249-41">[41]</a></li> <li>Etere of Trapezounta<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Fona of Trapezounta, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Gemoura of Imera, Trapezounta, and Sanda in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Getiere of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Giovalantum of Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Isaiah dance, part of a traditional Pontian wedding. The bride and groom perform this dance around a small table during the church ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Kalon korits (lit. "good girl") from <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezounta</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kara Punar of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsilamas" title="Karsilamas">Karsilamas</a>, performed in <a href="/wiki/Akda%C4%9Fmadeni" title="Akdağmadeni">Akdağmadeni</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kavazitas of <a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasunta</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kelkit of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kers gumusmaden</li> <li>Kizela/aneforitsa of Trapezounta<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kizlar oplamasi of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kizlar kaitesi of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kotchangel, a farewell dance<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Kots<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochari" title="Kochari">Kotsari</a> is a mixed dance,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011437-34">[34]</a> shared with Armenians, that originates from the <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> region in eastern Pontos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201514-43">[43]</a> It is danced in 2/4 with a tempo of 138 bpm. Participants lay their hands on one another's shoulders in a "T" grip.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007248-28">[28]</a> The dance has 8 steps.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <ul><li>Tria ti kotsari, an energetic Kars variant<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kotsihton, an omal variant from Kerasunta</li> <li>Kounichton of Nikopolis<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Kousera of Matzouka<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Lafragka or Lafranga is a dance similar to the kochari. It is a mixed dance performed in a closed circle. Dancers link up using the T grip. The lafranga moves to the right, has 6 steps, and is performed in either 2/4 or 4/8 meter. There is no vocal accompaniment, but many different instruments can accompany the dance. It originated in <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Sampsunta</a> and was also danced by Pontic refugees from Samsun in <a href="/wiki/Almaty,_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty, Kazakhstan">Almaty, Kazakhstan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Letsi of <a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letsina" title="Letsina">Letsina</a> or Letsina Kars is a dance from Eastern Pontos. It is a fast-paced, mixed dance with 16 steps performed in a closed circle. Dancers link their hands in the V grip; they swing their hands back and forth and hold them above their heads at different points in the dance. There is no vocal accompaniment, although there may be many different instruments accompanying the dance. Letsina is performed in 7/8 meter.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a></li> <li>Mandilia of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Maxera or maheria of Kars, meaning "knives," a dance incorporating knife play.<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Milon kokkinon ("red apples") of Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Militsa, "little apple"<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Miteritsa of Trapezounta, a sort of couple's dance representing unattainable love<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Momogeria custom - a festive dance performed at Lent and to ring in the New Year<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Montzonos of Kars<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Moscof, a vigorous, fast-paced dance <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201660-47">[47]</a></li> <li>Mouzenitikon of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Omalin of Nikopolis<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Osman Agas of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Outsai/Outsain/Outsa Aiax/Outsagun of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar" title="Şebinkarahisar">Nikopolis</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Papor</li> <li>Piçak Oyünü, a knife dance. Two men holding knives face each other and improvise a dance in which they mime a knife fight. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201657-48">[48]</a></li> <li>Pipilomatena, also called patoula, is a mixed dance originating from <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a> but performed throughout Pontos. Dancers use the "T" grip, laying their arms across one another's shoulders. Women and men alternate: if the first dancer in the line is a woman, the next will be a man, the next after him will be a woman, and so on. The dance is fast-paced with many movements of the knee. The word pipilomatena means a woman with small eyes (literally "seed eyes"). The dance can be performed to the song pipilomatena, which describes a woman with small, soft eyes; alternatively, the phrase can refer to a woman with eyes the color of almonds or hazels. The dance's other name, patoula, is slang for a plump, pale woman. A full-figured woman with white skin was seen as the ideal of female beauty in the Pontos in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-patula-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podaraki" title="Podaraki">Podaraki</a></li> <li>Sampson of <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Sampsunta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a> The dancers keep their legs straight and move swiftly from side to side, creating a particular bounce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201651-14">[14]</a></li> <li>Sari kouz of Trapezounta, meaning "blond girl"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a> <ul><li>Sari kouz bafras</li></ul></li> <li>Seranitsa or Armenitsa ("little widow" or "little Armenian"<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a>) is a mixed dance performed in 2/4 with a tempo of 120 bpm. It is relatively slow; dancers make small steps with their hands linked in the V grip.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007249-41">[41]</a> There are 16 steps, and the dance moves to the right. It originates from the town of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eiran" title="Şiran">Cheriana</a> in the area around <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a>. The seranitsa is also called the ekosi enan ("twenty-one"). There are two different theories on how the name came about: some say that the steps form the number 21 on the floor during the dance, while others say that the dance originally had 21 rather than 16 steps.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtos" title="Syrtos">Syrtos</a></li> <li>Taratsou Sokaklar of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tas, a partner dance from the Caucasus<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-milligan-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Tamzara of Trapezounta<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a></li> <li>Tek kaite of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Ters from Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Ti Lazias of Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tik argon of Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tiki of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar" title="Şebinkarahisar">Nikopolis</a>, similar to the Tik lagefton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas201486-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Titara of Kars and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tiz from Akdağmadeni (Tiz leilum gar)<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Topalaman of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>To thymisma, a wedding dance from Kromi, Trapezounta, and Kars<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Touri of Kars<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tournala of Kars<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tripat of Trapezounta<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tromachton ("trembling") of Trapezounta<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Trygona<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007246-35">[35]</a> ("turtledove"), performed in both <a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasounda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezounta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a> Trygona is also a folk song about an unhappy married couple.<a href="#cite_note-savvidis-30">[30]</a> <ul><li>Trygona Matsoukas, of the <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Matzouka</a> region<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kori Kopela, a variation on the pipilomatena from the banks of the Galyan Stream near <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezounta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-patula-49">[49]</a></li> <li>Tyrphon of Bafra<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tsarahot from Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Tsiourtougouzous of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Xalai of Akdağmadeni<a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Xala-xala of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane</a><a href="#cite_note-pontos_world-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Yedi ara</li> <li>Yetire<a href="#cite_note-milligan-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Yuvarladum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011442-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011442_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZografouPipyrou2011">Zografou & Pipyrou 2011</a>, p. 442. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201512_2-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeorgoulasSouthcott2015">Georgoulas & Southcott 2015</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201516-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201516_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeorgoulasSouthcott2015">Georgoulas & Southcott 2015</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-tik_diplon-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tik_diplon_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tik_diplon_4-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pontosworld.com/index.php/music/dances/752-tik-diplon">"How to Dance Tik Diplon [Video Tutorial]"</a>. Pontos World. 10 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pontos+World&rft.atitle=How+to+Dance+Tik+Diplon+%5BVideo+Tutorial%5D&rft.date=2019-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpontosworld.com%2Findex.php%2Fmusic%2Fdances%2F752-tik-diplon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201650-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddle201650_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddle201650_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiddle2016">Liddle 2016</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007241–242-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007241–242_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007">Tyrovola, Karepidis & Kardaris 2007</a>, pp. 241–242. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201654-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddle201654_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiddle2016">Liddle 2016</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007242-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007242_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007">Tyrovola, Karepidis & Kardaris 2007</a>, p. 242. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201649-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddle201649_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiddle2016">Liddle 2016</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011436-437-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011436-437_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZografouPipyrou2011">Zografou & Pipyrou 2011</a>, p. 436-437. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011431-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZografouPipyrou2011431_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZografouPipyrou2011">Zografou & Pipyrou 2011</a>, p. 431. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201513-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201513_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeorgoulasSouthcott2015">Georgoulas & Southcott 2015</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201515-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgoulasSouthcott201515_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeorgoulasSouthcott2015">Georgoulas & Southcott 2015</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddle201651-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddle201651_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddle201651_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiddle2016">Liddle 2016</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElias_George_TiragotzisNikos_ZournatzidisKyriakos_Moisidis2019" class="citation web cs1">Elias George Tiragotzis; Nikos Zournatzidis; Kyriakos Moisidis (10 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pontosworld.com/index.php/music/dances/584-dances-by-pontus">"Dances of Pontus"</a>. 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Folk Dance Federation of South California. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folk+Dance+Scene&rft.atitle=Pontian+Dancing+in+Southern+California&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgoulasSouthcott2015" class="citation journal cs1">Georgoulas, Renee; Southcott, Jane (2015). "A case study of a Greek Australian traditional dancer: Embodying identity through musicking". Victorian Journal of Music Education. 1: 9–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Journal+of+Music+Education&rft.atitle=A+case+study+of+a+Greek+Australian+traditional+dancer%3A+Embodying+identity+through+musicking&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=9-17&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Georgoulas&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft.au=Southcott%2C+Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddle2016" class="citation book cs1">Liddle, Valerie (2016). "Pontic dance: Feeling the absence of homeland". In Hemer, Susan R.; Dundon, Alison (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adelaide.edu.au/press/ua/media/124/uap-emotions-ebook.pdf">Emotions, Senses, Spaces: Ethnographic Engagements and Intersections</a> (PDF). University of Adelaide Press. pp. 49–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925261271" title="Special:BookSources/9781925261271"><bdi>9781925261271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pontic+dance%3A+Feeling+the+absence+of+homeland&rft.btitle=Emotions%2C+Senses%2C+Spaces%3A+Ethnographic+Engagements+and+Intersections&rft.pages=49-65&rft.pub=University+of+Adelaide+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781925261271&rft.aulast=Liddle&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fpress%2Fua%2Fmedia%2F124%2Fuap-emotions-ebook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyrovolaKarepidisKardaris2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tyrovola, Vasiliki; Karepidis, Ioakeim K.; Kardaris, Dionysios G. (September 30, 2007). ""Ποντιακοί Χοροί": Παρελθόν και Παρόν Δομική-Μορφολογική και Τυπολογική Προσέγγιση" ["Pontic Dances": Past and Present Structural-Morphological and Typological Approach]. Inquiries in Sport and Physical Education (in Greek). 5 (2): 240–263. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1790-3041">1790-3041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inquiries+in+Sport+and+Physical+Education&rft.atitle=%22%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF+%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%AF%22%3A+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD+%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE-%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=240-263&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft.issn=1790-3041&rft.aulast=Tyrovola&rft.aufirst=Vasiliki&rft.au=Karepidis%2C+Ioakeim+K.&rft.au=Kardaris%2C+Dionysios+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVavritsasMoisidisVavritsas2014" class="citation journal cs1">Vavritsas, Nikolaos; Moisidis, Kyriakos; Vavritsas, Georgios (January 2014). "The Pontic dance 'Tik'. Ethnographic and rhythmic element". Research in Dance Education. 15 (1). Taylor & Francis: 83–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14647893.2012.721761">10.1080/14647893.2012.721761</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-7893">1464-7893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Dance+Education&rft.atitle=The+Pontic+dance+%27Tik%27.+Ethnographic+and+rhythmic+element.&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-94&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14647893.2012.721761&rft.issn=1464-7893&rft.aulast=Vavritsas&rft.aufirst=Nikolaos&rft.au=Moisidis%2C+Kyriakos&rft.au=Vavritsas%2C+Georgios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZografouPipyrou2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zografou, Magna; Pipyrou, Stavroula (2011). "Dance and Difference: Toward an Individualization of the Pontian Self". Dance Chronicle. 34 (3). Taylor & Francis: 422–446. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01472526.2011.615235">10.1080/01472526.2011.615235</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0147-2526">0147-2526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dance+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Dance+and+Difference%3A+Toward+an+Individualization+of+the+Pontian+Self&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=422-446&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01472526.2011.615235&rft.issn=0147-2526&rft.aulast=Zografou&rft.aufirst=Magna&rft.au=Pipyrou%2C+Stavroula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APontic+Greek+folk+dance" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0heASWzEVBE&list=PLboAKelMKL7tS2L_2ey4PKFkAo1n5_C-M">Videos of Pontian Greek folk dances, with instructions</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&oldid=1259356970">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek_folk_dance&oldid=1259356970</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pontic_Greek_culture" title="Category:Pontic Greek culture">Pontic Greek culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle_Eastern_dances" title="Category:Middle Eastern dances">Middle Eastern dances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Greece" title="Category:Dance in Greece">Dance in Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Turkey" title="Category:Dance in Turkey">Dance in Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_folk_dances" title="Category:European folk dances">European folk dances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_dance" title="Category:Social dance">Social dance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asian_folk_dances" title="Category:Asian folk dances">Asian folk dances</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Greek-language_sources_(el)" title="Category:CS1 Greek-language sources (el)">CS1 Greek-language sources (el)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Pontic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Pontic-language text">Articles containing Pontic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 19:01 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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