CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>English language - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a11a9306-af36-45dd-a779-a91892f4a001","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"English_language","wgTitle":"English language","wgCurRevisionId":9868954,"wgRevisionId":9868954,"wgArticleId":2843,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Language articles with speaker number undated","Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle","Languages with ISO 639-2 code","Languages with ISO 639-1 code","ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue","English language"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"English_language", "wgRelevantArticleId":2843,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1860","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true ,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/1200px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="524"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/800px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="349"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/640px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="279"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="English language - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-English_language rootpage-English_language skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=English+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=English+language" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=English+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=English+language" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Adjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages/accents_of_each_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages/accents_of_each_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Languages/accents of each countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages/accents_of_each_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">English language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 308 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-308" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">308 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggr%C3%A9h" title="Basa Inggréh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Basa Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Инджылыбзэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Инджылыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Инджылызыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Инджылызыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="እንግሊዝኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Bg%C3%A2l%C3%A2skiel%C3%A2" title="Eŋgâlâskielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋgâlâskielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwenglisc_spr%C3%A6c" title="Niwenglisc spræc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niwenglisc spræc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Англыз бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الإنجليزية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإنجليزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_angl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma anglés – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma anglés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Անգլերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_anglicheasc%C3%A3" title="Limba anglicheascã – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba anglicheascã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angll%C3%A8s" title="Angllès – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Angllès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingle%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Ingleñe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingleñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Ингилис мацӀ – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ингилис мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlish_aru" title="Inlish aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlish aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilis_dili" title="İngilis dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngilis dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اینگیلیس دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angil%C9%9Bkan" title="Angilɛkan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Angilɛkan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংরেজি ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংরেজি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-g%C3%AD" title="Eng-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англійская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ангельская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="अंग्रेजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंग्रेजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Ingles" title="Tataramon na Ingles – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Ingles" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis" title="Inglis – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Inglis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Английски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sproch" title="Englische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Englische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="དབྱིན་ཡིག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱིན་ཡིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saozneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Англи хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Акăлчан чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Акăлчан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iningles" title="Iningles – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iningles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Ingl%C3%A9s" title="Lengua Inglés – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lengua Inglés" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingerezi" title="Chingerezi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chingerezi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirungu" title="Chirungu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChiZungu" title="ChiZungu – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="ChiZungu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saesneg" title="Saesneg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saesneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliminsili" title="Siliminsili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Siliminsili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_(sprog)" title="Engelsk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engelsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نݣليزية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نݣليزية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ea%C5%8Bgalsgiella" title="Eaŋgalsgiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eaŋgalsgiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Schprooch" title="Englische Schprooch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Englische Schprooch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8" title="އިނގިރޭސި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilag%C3%A1ana_bizaad" title="Bilagáana bizaad – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilagáana bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Engelšćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङरेजी भाषा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अङरेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A4" title="ཨིང་ལིཤ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨིང་ལིཤ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglise_keel" title="Inglise keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglise keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s" title="Inglés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inglés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Англань кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Англань кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angla lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ingresa" title="Lengua ingresa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua ingresa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Blisigbe" title="Eŋlisigbe – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Eŋlisigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان انگلیسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان انگلیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_bhasa" title="English bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="English bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Enskt mál – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Enskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk" title="Ingelsk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_inglese" title="Lenghe inglese – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe inglese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_B%C3%A9arla" title="An Béarla – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Béarla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarle" title="Baarle – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baarle" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngiliz_dili" title="İngiliz dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İngiliz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beurla" title="Beurla – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beurla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсий мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="اينگيليسي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglez" title="Inglez – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Inglez" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-ng%C3%AE" title="Yîn-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yîn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Инглишин келн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Инглишин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanci" title="Turanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Pelekania" title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Անգլերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%C5%BAel%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jendźelšćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_linguo" title="Angla linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Angla linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Bekee" title="Asụsụ Bekee – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Bekee" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Ingles" title="Pagsasao nga Ingles – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Ingles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইংরেজি ঠার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইংরেজি ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_anglese" title="Lingua anglese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua anglese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesi" title="Anglesi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%93%AA%E1%93%97%E1%93%88%E1%91%8E%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalua%C4%A1miutun" title="Naluaġmiutun – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Naluaġmiutun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Англисаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англисаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgesi" title="IsiNgesi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiNgesi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgisi" title="IsiNgisi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiNgisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enska" title="Enska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Enska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנגלית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%C9%A9s%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuluttut" title="Tuluttut – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Tuluttut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Ingles" title="Amanung Ingles – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Ingles" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ингилиз тил – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ингилиз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინგლისური ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anielsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Anielsczi jãzëk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Anielsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағылшын тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowsnek" title="Sowsnek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sowsnek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyongereza" title="Icyongereza – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyongereza" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Англичан кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Англичан кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingelezi" title="Kingelezi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kingelezi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_angle" title="Lang angle – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang angle" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anngl%C3%A9" title="Annglé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Annglé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ingl%C3%AEz%C3%AE" title="Zimanê inglîzî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê inglîzî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Англис тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Англ йӹлмӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Англ йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_ngl%C3%ABisc" title="Lingaz nglëisc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz nglëisc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ingleza" title="Lingua ingleza – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua ingleza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ингилис маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ингилис маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ພາສາອັງກິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Anglīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Anglīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Anglica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Angļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englesch" title="Englesch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Englesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Инглис чӀал – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Инглис чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Inggris" title="Li Inggris – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Li Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8ngoa_ingleise" title="Lèngoa ingleise – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lèngoa ingleise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingels" title="Ingels – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingels" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C9%9Bl%C9%9B%CC%81sa" title="Lingɛlɛ́sa – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lingɛlɛ́sa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engles_(lingua)" title="Engles (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Engles (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglien_kieli" title="Anglien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Anglien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/glibau" title="glibau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="glibau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungereza" title="Lungereza – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lungereza" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_inglesa" title="Lengua inglesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angol_nyelv" title="Angol nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angol nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Inggris" title="Bhâsa Inggris – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Англиски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_anglisy" title="Fiteny anglisy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny anglisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Ingli%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ingliża – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ingliża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Reo Pākehā – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pākehā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इंग्रजी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्रजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინგლისური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="انجليزى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجليزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اینگلیسی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Inggirih" title="Bahaso Inggirih – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngua_anglesa" title="Léngua anglesa – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Léngua anglesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Англань кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Англань кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Англи хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_langwej" title="English langwej – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="English langwej" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosa_Vakavalagi" title="Vosa Vakavalagi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vosa Vakavalagi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ngrese" title="Lengua ngrese – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua ngrese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсан мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалсан мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk_spriak" title="Ingelsk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglish" title="Inglish – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Inglish" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliais" title="Angliais – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliais" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglum" title="Anglum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Англичан йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Англичан йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Ingiliish" title="Afaan Ingiliish – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Ingiliish" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English – Ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ingliz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80ngalabh%C4%81s%C4%81" title="Āngalabhāsā – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="Āngalabhāsā" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Ingles" title="Salitan Ingles – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Ingles" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiris_a_sowal" title="Ikiris a sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ikiris a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="انگریزی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB" title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingles" title="Ingles – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ingles" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="انګرېزي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګرېزي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglish" title="Ingglish – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglish" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Инглиш кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Инглиш кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9" title="Inglé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inglé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_angl%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga anglèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga anglèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokples_Inglis" title="Tokples Inglis – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokples Inglis" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsche_Spraak" title="Engelsche Spraak – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Engelsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język angielski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_tili" title="Inglis tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Inglis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngliz_tili" title="İngliz tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İngliz tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Parat%C4%81ne" title="Reo Paratāne – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Paratāne" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nglische_Sproch" title="Änglische Sproch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Änglische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba engleză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_englaisa" title="Lingua englaisa – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua englaisa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlis_simi" title="Inlis simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Анґліцькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґліцькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Английский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Английский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ааҥыл тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ааҥыл тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Peretania" title="Faʻa Peretania – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Peretania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आङ्ग्लभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आङ्ग्लभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%ABe" title="Anglëe – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Anglëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="انگریزی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_inglesa" title="Limba inglesa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba inglesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_leid" title="Inglis leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inglis leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Dame" title="Kari Dame – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Dame" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ngelske_Sproake" title="Ängelske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ängelske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyesemane" title="Senyesemane – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Senyesemane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisimane" title="Seisimane – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seisimane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekgowa" title="Sekgowa – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sekgowa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_angleze" title="Gjuha angleze – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha angleze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ngrisa" title="Lingua ngrisa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ngrisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="انگريزي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگريزي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADNg%C3%ADsi" title="SíNgísi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíNgísi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Angleščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angleščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelsko_godka" title="Angelsko godka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Angelsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ingiriisi" title="Af-Ingiriisi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ingiriisi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئینگلیزی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئینگلیزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingristongo" title="Ingristongo – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ingristongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Енглески језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглески језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englannin_kieli" title="Englannin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ingles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்கிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tanglizt" title="Tutlayt Tanglizt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tanglizt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglizit" title="Taglizit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taglizit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_%27nglese" title="Lènga 'nglese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga 'nglese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони инглисӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони инглисӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakapilit%C4%81nia" title="Lea fakapilitānia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakapilitānia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8F_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9%27ho%27%C3%A9nestse" title="Vé'ho'énestse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vé'ho'énestse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngilizce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%88lis_dili" title="Iňlis dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iňlis dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C9%94fo" title="Brɔfo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Brɔfo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shong_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Shong (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Shong (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Англи дыл – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англи дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Англи кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англи кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%94_%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8B%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97" title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨋᨗᨔᨗ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨋᨗᨔᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگریزی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگریزی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىنگلىز تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىنگلىز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Yinghgoz" title="Vah Yinghgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Yinghgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ingleze" title="Łéngua ingleze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ingleze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijan_kel%27" title="Anglijan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh" title="Tiếng Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Linglänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%BCse_kiil" title="Inglüse kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüse kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Inglès (lingaedje) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink%C3%BCleenaiki" title="Inküleenaiki – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Inküleenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ininglis" title="Ininglis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ininglis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-angalteer" title="Wu-angalteer – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-angalteer" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinghezi" title="Xinghezi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xinghezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9" title="ענגליש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגליש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_G%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%C3%AC" title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ng%C4%B1l%C4%B1zki" title="İngılızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngılızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onglu_kalba" title="Onglu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Inggris" title="Hata Inggris – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Inggris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Inggeris" title="Saro Inggeris – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Inggeris" title="Boros Inggeris – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Inggeris" title="Jaku Inggeris – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%91%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A3_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%96" title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglisi_zyvon" title="Inglisi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Inglisi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:English_language" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/English_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/English_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/English_language" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/English_language" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&oldid=9868954" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=English_language&id=9868954&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEnglish_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEnglish_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=English+language"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=English_language&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikibooks.org/wiki/English" hreflang="en-simple"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1002" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">English</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> (originally)<br /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><br />and more in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">360–400<span class="nowrap"> </span>million<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">L2 speakers</a>: 400<span class="nowrap"> </span>million;<br />as a <a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">foreign language</a>: 600–700 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages" title="Anglo-Frisian languages">Anglo-Frisian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Anglic_languages" title="Anglic languages">Anglic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>English</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manually coded language">Signed forms</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Manually coded English">Manually coded English</a><br />(multiple systems)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territorial_entities_where_English_is_an_official_language#Sovereign_states" title="List of territorial entities where English is an official language">67 countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territorial_entities_where_English_is_an_official_language#Non-sovereign_entities" title="List of territorial entities where English is an official language">27 non-sovereign entities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div>Various organisations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">NAFTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">OAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">OIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (not yet started)">GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Islands_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific Islands Forum (not yet started)">PIF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UKUSA_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UKUSA Agreement (not yet started)">UKUSA Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN_Economic_Community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASEAN Economic Community (not yet started)">ASEAN Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">CARICOM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkic_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkic Council (not yet started)">Turkic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_Cooperation_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic Cooperation Organization (not yet started)">ECO</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=en">en</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=130">eng</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/eng" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:eng">eng</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/stan1293">stan1293</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>52-ABA</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglospeak_(subnational_version).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/220px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/330px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/440px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7263850">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#346699; color:white;"> </span> Countries of the world where English is a majority native language</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7263850"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#99ccff; color:black;"> </span> Countries where English is official but not a majority native language</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>English</b> is a language that started in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. It is originally from <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages" title="Anglo-Frisian languages">Anglo-Frisian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon" title="Old Saxon">Old Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>. English is now used as a global language. There are about 375 million <a href="/wiki/Native" class="mw-disambig" title="Native">native</a> <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speakers</a> (people who use it as their first language) in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots language">Scots</a> is the language closest to English. The vocabulary of English was influenced by other Germanic languages in the early <a href="/wiki/Middle" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle">Middle</a> Ages and later by <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a> languages, especially French. </p><p>English is the only official language or one of the official <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a> of nearly 60 countries. It is also the main language of more countries in the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a> than any other. It is the primary language in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>. It is one of the official languages in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. It is widely spoken in parts of the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. </p><p>In 2005, it was estimated that there were over 2 billion speakers of English.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English is the first foreign language for most learners who have another main language. It is an official language of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and many other <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a>. It is the most widely-spoken <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> language, with at least 70% of Germanic speakers speaking English. About 220 million others use it as their second language. It is, together with German, the most important language of science and technology. It is often used in work and travel and trade, and there are at least a billion people who are learning it. That makes English the largest language by number of speakers. </p><p>English has changed and developed over time, like all other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most obvious changes are the many words taken from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, which then came to Old English and then Modern English, which is used today. </p><p><a href="/wiki/English_grammar" title="English grammar">English grammar</a> has also become very different from other Germanic languages, but it stayed different from Romance languages. Because nearly 60% of the vocabulary comes from Latin, English is sometimes called the Germanic language that is the most Latin, and it is often mistaken for being a Romance language.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germanic</a> tribes (<a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Angles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a>) came to Britain from around 449 <a href="/wiki/AD" class="mw-redirect" title="AD">AD</a>. They made their home in the south and east of the island, pushing out the <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">Celtic Britons</a> who were there before them, or making them speak the English language instead of the old <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a>. Some people still speak <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a> today, in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>) and elsewhere. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a> is the Scottish Celtic language, still spoken by some in the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands" title="Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Scots" title="Scots">Scots</a>" is a <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a> of English, taken from the English spoken in <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Gaelic">Irish Gaelic</a> is spoken by very few people today. </p><p>The Germanic <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> of the different tribes became what is now called <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>. The word "English" comes from the name of the Angles: <i>Englas</i>. Old English did not sound or look much like the English spoken today. If English speakers today were to hear or read a passage in Old English, they would understand just a few words. </p><p>The closest language to English that is still used today is <a href="/wiki/Frisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian">Frisian</a>, spoken by about 500,000 people living in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. It is much like English, and many words are the same. The two languages were even closer before Old English changed to <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>. Today, speakers of the two languages would not be able to understand each other. <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> is spoken by over 20 million people, and is more distant from English. <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">The number of speakers of German</a> is even greater, and even more distant. All these languages belong to the same <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">West Germanic</a> family as English. </p><p>Many other people came to England later at different times, speaking different languages, and these languages added more words to make today's English. For example, around 800 AD, many <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse">Norse</a> <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a>, also called <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>, came to the country, established <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>. So, English got many Norse <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>. Their languages were <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, like Old English, but are a little different. They are called the <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> took over England in 1066 AD, he brought his <a href="/wiki/Noble" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble">nobles</a>, who spoke <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>, a language closely related to <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. English changed a lot because it was mostly being spoken instead of written for about 300 years. All official documents were written in Norman French. English borrowed many words from Norman at that time, and also began to drop the old <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical case">word endings</a>. English of this time is called <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> is a well known writer of Middle English. After more sound changes, Middle English became Modern English. </p><p>English continued to take new words from other languages, for example mainly from French (around 30% to 40% of its words), but also <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, etc. Because scientists from different countries needed to talk to one another, they chose names for scientific things in the languages they all knew: <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. Those words came to English also, for example, <i>photography</i> ("photo-" means "light" and "-graph" means "picture" or "writing", in Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A photograph is a picture made using light), or <i>telephone</i>. So, English is made of Old English, Danish, Norse, and French, and has been changed by Latin, Greek, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Dutch and Spanish, along with some words from other languages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/English_grammar" title="English grammar">English grammar</a> has also changed, becoming simpler and less Germanic. The classic example is the loss of <a href="/wiki/Case_(grammar)" title="Case (grammar)">case</a> in grammar. Grammatical case shows the role of a noun, adjective or pronoun in a sentence. In Latin (and other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>), this is done by adding <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a>, but English usually does not. The style of English is that meaning is made clear more by <a href="/wiki/Context_(language)" title="Context (language)">context</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>. </p><p>The history of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> has added to the spread of English. English is an important language in many places today. In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, among others (like those in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>), English is the main language. Because the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (the country where England is) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> have historically been powerful in <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>, many people find it helpful to learn English to <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communicate</a> in science, business, and <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a>. This is called learning English as an additional language, <a href="/wiki/English_as_a_second_language" title="English as a second language">English as a second language</a> (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL). </p><p><a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> has many famous stories and plays. <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> was a famous English writer of <a href="/wiki/Poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Poem">poems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">plays</a>. His English is <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a>, and not quite like what people speak or write today. Early Modern English sounded different, partly because the language was beginning a "great vowel shift". Later, many <a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short stories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novels</a> also used English. The novel as we know it is first seen in 18th century English.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, today, many famous <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">songs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Movie" title="Movie">movies</a> (cinema films) use the English language. </p><p>Recent developments of the English language include the usage of artificial intelligence (AI), such as <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> by OpenAI, which uses predictive algorithms to write new texts. There is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperblazer.com">legitimate concern</a> of whether AI is fully capable of writing, proofreading, or editing English language. So in a real sense, the history of English is continuing to develop in the current day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Grammar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Grammar"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/English_grammar" title="English grammar">English grammar</a></div><p>English grammar started out based on Old English, which is considered to be a Germanic language. After the <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Norman French</a> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest">conquered England</a> in 1066, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a> were brought to the English language by the Norman French. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Nouns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nouns"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different types of nouns in English, like <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper nouns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_noun" class="mw-redirect" title="Common noun">common noun</a>. To show if a noun is <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a>, which means there is more than one of the noun, usually "-s" is added at the end of a word.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Pronouns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pronouns"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pronouns" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronouns">Pronouns</a> are words that take the place of a noun to avoid repetition. There are different types of pronouns in the English language. The most important ones are: </p> <ul><li>Personal pronouns</li> <li>Demonstrative pronouns</li> <li>Relative pronouns</li> <li>Interrogative pronouns</li> <li>Indefinite pronouns</li> <li>Dummy pronouns<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Verbs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verbs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verbs in English show the action or the state of a sentence. Verbs can come in different shapes in a sentence based on the time or condition we are talking about. For example, the verb "eat" changes to "ate" in past.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives">Adjectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Adjectives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Adjectives"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adjectives are words that describe a noun. In English they always come before a noun to give you more information about that noun. You can see this in the sentence "the <u>red</u> apples are juicy." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling">Spelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Spelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Spelling"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Written English uses a range of historical <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">spelling</a> patterns that changed over time due to political and cultural changes. As a result, different words can use the same letters and combinations for very different sounds. For example, "-ough" was once a guttural but has become different in "through" (threw), "rough" (ruff), "dough" (doe) or "cough" (coff).<sup id="cite_ref-age_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many English-speaking countries spell words differently. Some words that are spelled one way in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and many other countries in the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a> are spelled differently in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>US spelling</th> <th>UK spelling </th></tr> <tr> <td>armor</td> <td>armour </td></tr> <tr> <td>color</td> <td>colour </td></tr> <tr> <td>gray</td> <td>grey </td></tr> <tr> <td>meter</td> <td>metre </td></tr> <tr> <td>program</td> <td>programme </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabets">Alphabets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Alphabets" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Alphabets"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a></div> <p>There are 26 letters in the English alphabet: </p><p>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Vocabulary" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Vocabulary"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nearly 60% of the <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a> in the English language comes from Latin and its descendants, mainly French: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl" title="Langues d'oïl">Langue d'oïl</a> (French)</i>: 29.3%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, including modern scientific and technical Latin and Frankish (Germanic language): 28.7%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>: 24% (inherited from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>/Anglo-Saxon, Proto-Germanic, <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, etc. without including Germanic words borrowed from a Romance languages)</li> <li>Greek: 5.32%</li> <li>Italian, Spanish and Portuguese: 4.03%</li> <li>Derived from proper names: 3.28%</li> <li>All other languages: less than 1%</li></ul> <p>However, the most common words are more often those of Germanic origin. Also, expressions and typical short phrases are often of Germanic origin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages/accents_of_each_countries"><span id="Languages.2Faccents_of_each_countries"></span>Languages/accents of each countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Languages/accents of each countries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Languages/accents of each countries"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></b> – is a variant of English language in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a></b> – is a variant of English in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> or called as Aussie English.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a></b> – is the origin of English language majority in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a></b> – is a kind of English used in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and similar to American English usually in mainland United States.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a></b> – is one of the Asian English used in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_English" title="Jamaican English">Jamaican English</a></b> – is an Latin American English dialect in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></b> – is a variant of English language related to Australian English dialect.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">Pakistani English</a></b> – is an English dialect usually in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taglish_and_Englog" title="Taglish and Englog">Philippine English</a></b> – is a variant borrowed of English language from American English.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African English</a></b> – is an South African English used in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a></b> – is a variant of English related to British English.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford2015Entry:_[httpwwwoxfordlearnersdictionariescomuspronunciationenglishenglish_1_English_–_Pronunciation]_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxford2015">Oxford 2015</a>, Entry: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/pronunciation/english/english_1">English – Pronunciation</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFOxford2015 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crystal, David (ed) 2005. <i>The Penguin Concise Encyclopedia</i>. London: Penguin Reference, pp. 424–426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curtis, Andy. <i>Color, race, and English language teaching: shades of meaning</i>. 2006, page 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrystal2008" class="citation journal cs1">Crystal, David (2008). "Two thousand million?". <i>English Today</i>. <b>24</b>: 3–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0266078408000023">10.1017/S0266078408000023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-0784">0266-0784</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145597019">145597019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Today&rft.atitle=Two+thousand+million%3F&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=3-6&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145597019%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0266-0784&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0266078408000023&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baugh, Albert C. & Cable, Thomas 2012. <i>A history of the English language</i>. 6th ed, London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-41-565596-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-41-565596-X">0-41-565596-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ielts-powerup.com/khoa-hoc-ielts/#http://www.conexion-to.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=184:inglese-tedesco-e-olandese-a-confronto&catid=34:lingue-a-culture&Itemid=60">"Comparison between English, German and Dutch (in Italian)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212719/http://www.conexion-to.it/index.php?catid=34:lingue-a-culture&id=184:inglese-tedesco-e-olandese-a-confronto&itemid=60&option=com_content&view=article">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparison+between+English%2C+German+and+Dutch+%28in+Italian%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fielts-powerup.com%2Fkhoa-hoc-ielts%2F%23http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conexion-to.it%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D184%3Ainglese-tedesco-e-olandese-a-confronto%26catid%3D34%3Alingue-a-culture%26Itemid%3D60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">These words come mostly from Greek, but are translated into the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabet</a>, which English uses.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Watt's <i>The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding</i> (London, 1957); John J. Richetti, Popular Fiction before Richardson. Narrative Patterns 1700–1739 (1969); Lennard J. Davis, <i>Factual Fictions: The Origins of the English Novel</i> (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983); J. Paul Hunter, <i>Before Novels: The Cultural Contexts of Eighteenth-Century English Fiction</i> (New York: Norton, 1990).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/nouns/">"What Is a Noun?"</a>. <i>Nouns: Types of Nouns With Examples | Grammarly</i>. 2017-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nouns%3A+Types+of+Nouns+With+Examples+%7C+Grammarly&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Noun%3F&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammarly.com%2Fblog%2Fnouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.langeek.co/en/grammar/2/pronouns">"LanGeek | Pronouns in English Grammar"</a>. <i>Langeek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Langeek&rft.atitle=LanGeek+%7C+Pronouns+in+English+Grammar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.langeek.co%2Fen%2Fgrammar%2F2%2Fpronouns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/eat-ate-eaten">"Eat Ate Eaten | Learn English"</a>. <i>www.ecenglish.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ecenglish.com&rft.atitle=Eat+Ate+Eaten+%7C+Learn+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecenglish.com%2Flearnenglish%2Flessons%2Feat-ate-eaten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-age-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-age_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2009" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Bridie (17 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/education/its-offishal--english-iz-darned-hard-to-lurn-20091116-ii9z.html">"It's offishal - English iz darned hard to learn"</a>. The Age<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It%27s+offishal+-+English+iz+darned+hard+to+learn&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bridie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Feducation%2Fits-offishal--english-iz-darned-hard-to-lurn-20091116-ii9z.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCrystal2012" class="citation book cs1">Crystal, David (2012). <i>Spell It Out: The Curious, Enthralling and Extraordinary Story of English Spelling</i>. New York: Picador St. Martin's Press. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250056122" title="Special:BookSources/9781250056122"><bdi>9781250056122</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spell+It+Out%3A+The+Curious%2C+Enthralling+and+Extraordinary+Story+of+English+Spelling&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Picador+St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781250056122&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:"> English edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bbclearningenglish.com/">BBC resources for English language students</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://learnenglishfeelgood.com/">Resources for English language students</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguapress.com/grammar/">The main points of English grammar, clearly presented with examples</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a4esl.org/">Activities for English language students</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.online-utility.org/english/index.jsp">Tools For English Language</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Official_UN_languages" title="Template:Official UN languages"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Official_UN_languages" title="Template talk:Official UN languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Official_UN_languages&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Official languages of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Germanic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_languages" title="Template:Germanic languages"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Germanic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Germanic languages (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Germanic_languages&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germanic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id=".">.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="West" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages" title="Anglo-Frisian languages">Anglo-Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglic_languages" title="Anglic languages">Anglic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of English">dialects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Irish Middle English</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fingallian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fingallian (not yet started)">Fingallian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kildare_Poems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kildare Poems (not yet started)">Kildare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yola_dialect" title="Yola dialect">Yola</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots language">Scots</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Scots" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Scots">Early Scots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frisian_languages" title="Frisian languages">Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Frisian" title="Old Frisian">Old Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Frisian (not yet started)">Middle Frisian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Frisian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="East Frisian language">East Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_language" title="Saterland Frisian language">Saterland Frisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Weser</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangerooge_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangerooge Frisian (not yet started)">Wangerooge Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wursten_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wursten Frisian (not yet started)">Wursten Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlingerland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlingerland Frisian (not yet started)">Harlingerland Frisian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Insular <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiderstedt_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiderstedt Frisian (not yet started)">Eiderstedt</a></i></li> <li>Föhr–Amrum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6hr_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föhr North Frisian (not yet started)">Föhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrum_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrum North Frisian (not yet started)">Amrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heligoland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heligoland Frisian (not yet started)">Heligolandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylt_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylt North Frisian (not yet started)">Sylt</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mainland <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6kingharde_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bökingharde North Frisian (not yet started)">Bökingharde</a> <ul><li>Mooring</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halligen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halligen Frisian (not yet started)">Halligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goesharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goesharde Frisian (not yet started)">Goesharde</a> <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Central</li> <li><i>Southern</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karrharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karrharde Frisian (not yet started)">Karrharde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand Frisian (not yet started)">Strand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiedingharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiedingharde Frisian (not yet started)">Wiedingharde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Frisian languages (not yet started)">West Frisian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindeloopen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindeloopen Frisian (not yet started)">Hindeloopen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiermonnikoog_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiermonnikoog Frisian (not yet started)">Schiermonnikoog</a></li> <li>Westlauwers–Terschellings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">Mainland West Frisian</a> <ul><li>Clay Frisian</li> <li>Wood Frisian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westereendersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westereendersk (not yet started)">Westereendersk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terschelling_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terschelling Frisian (not yet started)">Terschelling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German">Low German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon" title="Old Saxon">Old Saxon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German" title="Middle Low German">Middle Low German</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Low_German" title="West Low German">West Low German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Low_Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Low Saxon">Dutch Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellingwarfs_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellingwarfs dialect (not yet started)">Stellingwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweants_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweants dialect (not yet started)">Tweants</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gronings_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gronings dialect (not yet started)">Gronings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drèents dialects (not yet started)">Drèents</a></li> <li>Gelders-Overijssels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achterhooks" title="Achterhooks">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaans_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaans dialect (not yet started)">Sallaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urkers_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urkers dialect (not yet started)">Urkers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws dialect (not yet started)">Veluws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Low Saxon (not yet started)">Northern Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Frisian_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Frisian Low Saxon (not yet started)">East Frisian Low Saxon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastphalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastphalian language (not yet started)">Eastphalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Low_German" title="East Low German">East Low German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect (not yet started)">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgisch dialect (not yet started)">Brandenburgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Pomeranian (not yet started)">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranian (not yet started)">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect (not yet started)">Low Prussian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plautdietsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plautdietsch (not yet started)">Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Dutch (not yet started)">Old Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Dutch (not yet started)">Middle Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard language (not yet started)">Standard variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaps (not yet started)">Kaaps</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Low Franconian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Dutch_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Dutch dialects (not yet started)">Central Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollandic dialect (not yet started)">Hollandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Flemish (not yet started)">West Flemish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Flemish (not yet started)">French Flemish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeelandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeelandic (not yet started)">Zeelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Flemish (not yet started)">East Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brabantian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brabantian dialect (not yet started)">Brabantian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleverlandish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleverlandish (not yet started)">Kleverlandish</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surinamese_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surinamese Dutch (not yet started)">Surinamese Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jersey_Dutch_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jersey Dutch language (not yet started)">Jersey Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohawk_Dutch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohawk Dutch (not yet started)">Mohawk Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsfries_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsfries dialects (not yet started)">Stadsfries</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildts (not yet started)">Bildts</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelands (not yet started)">Amelands</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Midslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midslands (not yet started)">Midslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Low_Franconian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Low Franconian (not yet started)">East Low Franconian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cover groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergish dialects (not yet started)">Bergish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish (not yet started)">Meuse-Rhenish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_German_languages" title="High German languages">High German</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old High German (not yet started)">Old High German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New High German (not yet started)">New High German</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early New High German (not yet started)">Early New High German</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Standard_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Standard German (not yet started)">German Standard German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_German" title="Austrian German">Austrian Standard German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard language (not yet started)">standard variants</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibian_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibian German (not yet started)">Namibian German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibian_Black_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibian Black German (not yet started)">Namibian Black German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin German (not yet started)">Berlinerisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barossa_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barossa German (not yet started)">Barossa German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotwelsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotwelsch (not yet started)">Rotwelsch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotegorisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotegorisch (not yet started)">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenish language (not yet started)">Yenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish dialects (not yet started)">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish dialects (not yet started)">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Scotland (not yet started)">Scots Yiddish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klezmer-loshn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klezmer-loshn (not yet started)">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachoudisch (not yet started)">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_German" title="Central German">Central German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Central_German" title="West Central German">West Central German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Franconian_languages" title="Central Franconian languages">Central Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_language" title="Ripuarian language">Ripuarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colognian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Colognian dialect">Colognian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Limburgish_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Limburgish dialect (not yet started)">Southeast Limburgish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian_language" title="Moselle Franconian language">Moselle Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect (not yet started)">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsrückisch dialect (not yet started)">Hunsrückisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsrik (not yet started)">Hunsrik</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenish_Franconian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenish Franconian languages (not yet started)">Rhine Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Franconian" title="Lorraine Franconian">Lorraine Franconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_German_language" title="Palatine German language">Palatine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Germans#Language" title="Volga Germans">Volga German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Dutch language">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hessian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hessian (not yet started)">Central Hessian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amana_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amana German (not yet started)">Amana German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Central_German" title="East Central German">East Central German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thuringian_dialect" title="Thuringian dialect">Thuringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_German" title="Upper Saxon German">Upper Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzgebirgisch" title="Erzgebirgisch">Erzgebirgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatian dialects (not yet started)">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_German" title="Silesian German">Silesian German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Prussian_dialect" title="High Prussian dialect">High Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wymysorys_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wymysorys language (not yet started)">Wymysorys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alzenau_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzenau dialect (not yet started)">Halcnovian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_German" title="Upper German">Upper German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> in the broad sense <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Alemannic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Alemannic German (not yet started)">Low Alemannic</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alsatian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alsatian dialect (not yet started)">Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Tovar_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia Tovar dialect (not yet started)">Coloniero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Alemannic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Alemannic German (not yet started)">High Alemannic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highest_Alemannic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Highest Alemannic German (not yet started)">Highest Alemannic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walser_German" title="Walser German">Walser German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Bavarian" title="Northern Bavarian">Northern Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bavarian" title="Central Bavarian">Central Bavarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viennese_German" title="Viennese German">Viennese German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" title="Southern Bavarian">Southern Bavarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Tyrolean_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Tyrolean dialect (not yet started)">South Tyrolean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimbrian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cimbrian language (not yet started)">Cimbrian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2cheno_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mòcheno language (not yet started)">Mòcheno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutterite_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutterite German (not yet started)">Hutterite German</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottscheerish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottscheerish (not yet started)">Gottscheerish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Franconian_German" title="South Franconian German">South Franconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Franconian_German" title="East Franconian German">East Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogtlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogtlandian (not yet started)">Vogtlandian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardic language (not yet started)">Langobardic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_and_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic languages">East</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></i> <ul><li><i>Old West Norse</i></li> <li><i>Old East Norse</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Gutnish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Gutnish (not yet started)">Old Gutnish</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergensk (not yet started)">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebabnorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebabnorsk (not yet started)">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect (not yet started)">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndersk (not yet started)">Trøndersk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallingmål-Valdris (not yet started)">Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlandsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlandsk (not yet started)">Vestlandsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vikv%C3%A6rsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vikværsk (not yet started)">Vikværsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a> (written)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a> (written)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Norwegian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Norwegian (not yet started)">Old Norwegian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Norwegian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Norwegian (not yet started)">Middle Norwegian</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse#Old_Icelandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse">Old Icelandic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Icelandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Icelandic (not yet started)">Middle Icelandic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenlandic_Norse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenlandic Norse (not yet started)">Greenlandic Norse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norn_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norn language (not yet started)">Norn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedish dialects (not yet started)">Swedish dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rinkeby_Swedish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rinkeby Swedish (not yet started)">Rinkebysvenska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish dialects (not yet started)">Danish dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insular_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insular Danish (not yet started)">Insular Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jutlandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jutlandic dialect (not yet started)">Jutlandic</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Jutlandic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Jutlandic (not yet started)">South Jutlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Danish (not yet started)">East Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm dialect (not yet started)">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scanian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scanian dialect (not yet started)">Scanian</a> (historically)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Schleswig_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Schleswig Danish (not yet started)">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gøtudanskt accent (not yet started)">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkerdansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkerdansk (not yet started)">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Danish (not yet started)">Old Danish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Danish (not yet started)">Middle Danish</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian language (not yet started)">Dalecarlian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian (not yet started)">Elfdalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gutnish <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gutnish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gutnish language (not yet started)">Mainland Gutnish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6m%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fårömål dialect (not yet started)">Fårö Gutnish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic languages">East</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a></i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Gothic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crimean Gothic (not yet started)">Crimean Gothic</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burgundians#Language" title="Burgundians">Burgundian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vandalic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vandalic language (not yet started)">Vandalic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Philology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_philology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic philology (not yet started)">Philology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Maurer_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Maurer (linguist) (not yet started)">Language subgroups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic languages">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic languages">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbe_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbe Germanic (not yet started)">Elbe (Irminonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weser-Rhine_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic (not yet started)">Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic" title="North Sea Germanic">North Sea (Ingvaeonic)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Germanic (not yet started)">Northwest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotho-Nordic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotho-Nordic (not yet started)">Gotho-Nordic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Germanic (not yet started)">South</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic grammar (not yet started)">Proto-Germanic grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_parent_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic parent language (not yet started)">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Belgian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Belgian language (not yet started)">Ancient Belgian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diachronic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grimm%27s_law" title="Grimm's law">Grimm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verner's law (not yet started)">Verner's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holtzmann%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holtzmann's law (not yet started)">Holtzmann's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sievers%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sievers's law (not yet started)">Sievers's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kluge%27s_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kluge's law (not yet started)">Kluge's law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_substrate_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis (not yet started)">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Germanic_gemination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Germanic gemination (not yet started)">West Germanic gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_German_consonant_shift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High German consonant shift (not yet started)">High German consonant shift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_a-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic a-mutation (not yet started)">Germanic a-mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic umlaut">Germanic umlaut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_spirant_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic spirant law (not yet started)">Germanic spirant law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingvaeonic_nasal_spirant_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (not yet started)">Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift" title="Great Vowel Shift">Great Vowel Shift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synchronic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic verb (not yet started)">Germanic verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_strong_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic strong verb (not yet started)">Germanic strong verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_weak_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic weak verb (not yet started)">Germanic weak verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_verb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic verb (not yet started)">Preterite-present verb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatischer_Wechsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatischer Wechsel (not yet started)">Grammatischer Wechsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_ablaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-European ablaut (not yet started)">Indo-European ablaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Variety_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variety (linguistics) (not yet started)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_language&oldid=9868954">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_language&oldid=9868954</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_language" title="Category:English language">English language</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_speaker_number_undated" title="Category:Language articles with speaker number undated">Language articles with speaker number undated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_collapsible_list_with_both_background_and_text-align_in_titlestyle" title="Category:Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle">Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-1 code">Languages with ISO 639-1 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_language_articles_citing_sources_other_than_Ethnologue" title="Category:ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue">ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 7 November 2024, at 00:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_language&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-ntqlp","wgBackendResponseTime":167,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.624","walltime":"0.800","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4389,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":196174,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16320,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":41288,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 662.681 1 -total"," 50.24% 332.914 1 Template:Infobox_language"," 43.40% 287.594 1 Template:Infobox"," 28.23% 187.072 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.06% 93.167 1 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.76% 77.944 11 Template:Navbox"," 7.60% 50.358 1 Template:Official_UN_languages"," 6.07% 40.204 1 Template:Endangered_Languages_Project"," 5.73% 37.956 6 Template:Main_other"," 5.44% 36.070 1 Template:IPAc-en"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.287","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6081693,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCrystal2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrystal2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2009\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Germanic languages\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox language\"] = 1,\n [\"InterWiki\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"Ndash\"] = 1,\n [\"Official UN languages\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-jv96r","timestamp":"20241126111952","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"English language","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1860","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1860","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-07T21:28:06Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T00:44:46Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/df\/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg","headline":"West Germanic language"}</script> </body> </html>