Vanadium: The mineralogy of Vanadium

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Today</a><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?d=2016-09-19">New Photos Yesterday</a><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/picusers.php">Members' Photo Galleries</a><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?potd=1">Past Photo of the Day Gallery</a></div> <div class="centerer whitecenterer"> <div id="topmainbanner"></div> <div id="topmainbannertablet"></div> <div id="topmainbannerphone"></div> <div class="fpbox720p"><h1 class="bignwide">The Mineralogy of Vanadium</h1><div id="elementdataarea"><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="2">General Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Symbol:</th><td>V</td></tr><tr><th>Atomic Number:</th><td>23</td></tr><tr><th>Standard atomic weight (A<sub>r</sub>):</th><td>50.9415(1) </td></tr><tr><th>Electron configuration:</th><td>[<a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Argon">Ar</a>] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></td></tr></table><script> var hpicarr = new Array(); var hpicdesc = new Array(); var hpicid = new Array(); var hpicnt = 0; hpicarr.push("05653390014456324332700.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadium disc"); hpicid.push("712805");hpicarr.push("04122420014456328421947.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Iodide refined vanadium"); hpicid.push("712810");hpicarr.push("08694610014444281646106.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadium pieces"); hpicid.push("709848");hpicarr.push("08845480014444282693920.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadium crystals"); hpicid.push("709849");hpicarr.push("01967450014426746306022.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadinite - <span>Pb<sub>5</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cl</span>"); hpicid.push("706159");hpicarr.push("07054510014456325633268.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadium bars"); hpicid.push("712806");hpicarr.push("00305550014456326514775.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadium oxidation states"); hpicid.push("712807");hpicarr.push("05653570014456327252979.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Ferrovanadium chunks"); hpicid.push("712808");hpicarr.push("08503640014456327869904.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Vanadium crystal vakuum sublimed"); hpicid.push("712809");hpicarr.push("07378110014456329269489.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Tool made from vanadium steel"); hpicid.push("712811"); function hpnext() { $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeOut(400); hpicnt++; if(hpicnt==10) hpicnt=0; $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeIn(400); $("#elephotodesc").html(hpicdesc[hpicnt]); $("#elephotoblock a").attr('href','/photo-'+hpicid[hpicnt]+'.html'); } function hpprev() { $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeOut(400); hpicnt--; if(hpicnt<0) hpicnt=9; $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeIn(400); $("#elephotodesc").html(hpicdesc[hpicnt]); $("#elephotoblock a").attr('href','/photo-'+hpicid[hpicnt]+'.html'); } </script><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="3">Photos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><div id="elephotoblock"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-712805.html"><img id="elepic_0" style="display: block;" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_05653390014456324332700.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_1" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_04122420014456328421947.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_2" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_08694610014444281646106.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_3" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_08845480014444282693920.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_4" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_01967450014426746306022.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_5" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_07054510014456325633268.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_6" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_00305550014456326514775.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_7" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_05653570014456327252979.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_8" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_08503640014456327869904.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_9" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_07378110014456329269489.jpg" alt=""/></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="hpicbutton"><span onclick="hpprev();"><</td><td><div id="elephotodesc">Vanadium disc</div></td><td class="hpicbutton"><span onclick="hpnext();">></span></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Atomic Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Electronegativity (Pauling scale):</th><td>1.63</td></tr><tr><th>Atomic Radius:</th><td>171 pm</td></tr><tr><th>Ionic Radius:</th><td>79 pm (+2)</td></tr><tr><th>1st Ionization energy:</th><td>651 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th>1st Electron affinity:</th><td>-51 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th>Oxidation States:</th><td>-1,2,3,4</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Physical Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Standard State:</th><td>solid</td></tr><tr><th>Bonding Type:</th><td>metallic</td></tr><tr><th>Melting Point:</th><td>2183 K</td></tr><tr><th>Boiling Point:</th><td>3680 K</td></tr><tr><th>Density:</th><td>6.11 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th>Metal/Non-Metal:</th><td>transition metal</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="5">Main isotopes of Vanadium</th></tr><tr><th>Isotope</th><th>% in Nature</th><th>Half Life</th><th>Decay type</th><th>Decay product</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>48</sup>V</td><td rowspan="1">synthetic</td><td rowspan="1">15.9735d</td><td>β+</td><td><sup>48</sup><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Ti</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>49</sup>V</td><td rowspan="1">synthetic</td><td rowspan="1">330d</td><td>ε</td><td><sup>49</sup><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Ti</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>50</sup>V</td><td rowspan="2">0.25%</td><td rowspan="2">1.5x10<sup>17</sup>y</td><td>ε</td><td><sup>50</sup><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Ti</a></td></tr><tr><td>β−</td><td><sup>50</sup><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium">Cr</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>51</sup>V</td><td rowspan="1">99.75</td><td colspan="3">stable</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="5">Main ions of Vanadium</th></tr><tr><th>Name</th><th>Ion</th><th>Example minerals</th></tr><tr><td>Vanadium(II)</td><td><span class="newformula">V<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">2+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadium(III)</td><td><span class="newformula">V<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">3+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadium(IV)</td><td><span class="newformula">V<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">4+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadium(V)</td><td><span class="newformula">V<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">5+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadyl</td><td><span class="newformula">VO<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">2+</sup></span></td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-921.html">Cavansite</a></td></tr><tr><td>Vanadate</td><td><span class="newformula">VO<sub class="newformsub newformabs">4</sub><sup class="newformsup">3-</sup></span></td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4139.html">Vanadinite</a></td></tr><tr><td>Pyrovanadate</td><td><span class="newformula">V<sub class="newformsub">2</sub>O<sub class="newformsub newformabs">7</sub><sup class="newformsup">4-</sup></span></td><td></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Other Information</th></tr><tr><th>Year Discovered:</th><td>1801</td></tr><tr><th>Discovered By:</th><td><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-712812.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-08702560014456330455488.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Andrés Manuel del Río</b></div></div></td></tr><tr><th>Year Isolated:</th><td>1830</td></tr><tr><th>Isolated By:</th><td><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-712813.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-05508970014456331737575.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Nils Gabriel Sefström</b></div></div></td></tr><tr><th>Named For:</th><td><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-712815.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-04678380014456334142313.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>the Norse Vanr goddess Freyja</b></div></div></td></tr><tr><th>External Links:</th><td><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvVmFuYWRpdW0%3D">Wikipedia</a><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2ViZWxlbWVudHMuY29tL3ZhbmFkaXVtLw%3D%3D">WebElements</a><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3BlcmlvZGljLmxhbmwuZ292LzIzLnNodG1s">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a><a target="_blank" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5wZXJpb2RpY3RhYmxlLmNvbS9FbGVtZW50cy8wMjMvaW5kZXguaHRtbA%3D%3D">Theodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50" id="elementabundance"><tr> <th colspan="5" class="eleh2">Simple Compounds and Mineral Names</th></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Nitrides</th><td>vanadium nitride</td><td><span>VN</span></td><td>+3</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Sulfides</th><td>vanadium disulphide</td><td><span>VS<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>divanadium trisulphide</td><td><span>V<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium tetrasulphide</td><td><span>VS<sub>4</sub></span></td><td></td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-3131.html">Patrónite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Selenides</th><td>vanadium diselenide</td><td><span>VSe<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Tellurides</th><td>vanadium ditelluride</td><td><span>VTe<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="2">Hydrides</th><td>vanadium hydride</td><td><span>VH</span></td><td>+1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>divanadium hydride</td><td><span>V<sub>2</sub>H</span></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="4">Fluorides</th><td>vanadium difluoride</td><td><span>VF<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium trifluoride</td><td><span>VF<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium tetrafluoride</td><td><span>VF<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium pentafluoride</td><td><span>VF<sub>5</sub></span></td><td>+5</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Chlorides</th><td>vanadium dichloride</td><td><span>VCl<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium trichloride</td><td><span>VCl<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium tetrachloride</td><td><span>VCl<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Bromides</th><td>vanadium dibromide</td><td><span>VBr<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium tribromide</td><td><span>VBr<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium tetrabromide</td><td><span>VBr<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Iodides</th><td>vanadium diiodide</td><td><span>VI<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium triiodide</td><td><span>VI<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium tetraiodide</td><td><span>VI<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="5">Oxides</th><td>vanadium oxide</td><td><span>VO</span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vanadium dioxide</td><td><span>VO<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+4</td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-3100.html">Paramontroseite</a></td></tr><tr><td>divanadium trioxide</td><td><span>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-2158.html">Karelianite</a></td></tr><tr><td>divanadium pentoxide</td><td><span>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></span></td><td>+5</td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-3636.html">Shcherbinaite</a></td></tr><tr><td>trivanadium pentoxide</td><td><span>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub></span></td><td>+3,+4</td><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-39006.html">Oxyvanite</a></td></tr><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="2">Vanadium as a chromophore in minerals and gems</th></tr><tr><th>Chromophore</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><td><span class="newformula">V<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">3+</sup></span></td><td>Causes the green colour in <a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-7836.html">tsavorite</a> garnet. Contributes to the colour in <a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-3885.html">tanzanite</a> and in some <a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-1375.html">emerald</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><span class="newformula">VO<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">2+</sup></span></td><td>Causes bright blue colour in <a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-921.html">cavansite</a> and the green colour in some Indian <a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-35595.html">fluorapophyllite</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Mineral Diversity of Vanadium</th><tr><tr><th>1. Elements </th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=1&sub=Search+for+Minerals">1 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>2. Sulfides And Sulfosalts </th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=2&sub=Search+for+Minerals">8 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>4. Oxides </th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=4&sub=Search+for+Minerals">66 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>7. Sulfates </th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=7&sub=Search+for+Minerals">8 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>8. Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates</th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=8&sub=Search+for+Minerals">68 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>9. Silicates </th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=9&sub=Search+for+Minerals">26 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>Total:</th><td><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals">177 valid species containing essential Vanadium</a></b></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Geochemistry of Vanadium</th></tr><tr><th>Goldschmidt classification:</th><td>Lithophile</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>V<sup>3+</sup></span> was one of the ions least depleted from the mantle in the formation of the crust.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>V<sup>3+</sup></span> enters early-forming phases in igneous rocks.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>V<sup>5+</sup></span> is commonly concentrated in residual soils and sediments.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>V<sup>5+</sup></span> is essential to nutrition of at least some vertebrates ('essential minerals').</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50" id="elementabundance"><tr><th colspan="3" class="eleh2">Elemental Abundance for Vanadium</th></tr><tr><th>Crust (CRC Handbook)</th><td>1.20 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>1.7 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Greenwood)</th><td>1.36 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Ahrens/Taylor)</th><td>2.30 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Ahrens/Wänke)</th><td>1.34 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Upper Crust (Ahrens/Taylor)</th><td>6.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Upper Crust (Ahrens/Shaw)</th><td>5.3 x 10<sup>-5</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Sea Water (CRC Handbook)</th><td>2.5 x 10<sup>-9</sup></td><td>mass per volume fraction, kg/L</td></tr><tr><th>Sea Water (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>1.9 x 10<sup>-9</sup></td><td>mass per volume fraction, kg/L</td></tr><tr><th>The Sun (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>2.8 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>atom mole fraction relative to Si=1</td></tr><tr><th>Solar System (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>2.9 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>atom mole fraction relative to Si=1</td></tr><tr><th>Solar System (Ahrens)</th><td>2.93 x 10<sup>-4 </sup> (5.1%)</td><td>atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 (% uncertainty)</td></tr></table><script src="/web/20160920171126js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/sorttable.js"></script><div class="nosplitme"><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="4" class="eleh2">Element association of Vanadium in the Mineral World</th><tr><tr><td colspan="4">This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Vanadium and the other elements listed based on the official IMA formula. <b>Note that unlike other sections on this page this includes non-essential elements.</b><br><br>The first data column contains the total number of minerals listed with Vanadium and the element listed for that row.<br><br>The second data column lists this number as a percentage of all minerals listed with Vanadium. <br><br>The final data column compares this percentage against the percentage of all minerals that contain the element listed in each row.<br><br><b>Click on a heading to sort.</b></td></tr></table><table style="margin-top: -5px;" class="mindattable ele50 th2 sortable"><tr><th>Element</th><th class="sorttable_numeric">Valid Minerals listed with element and Vanadium</th><th class="sorttable_numeric">% of V minerals</th><th class="sorttable_numeric">Relative to % in all minerals</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Oxygen">Oxygen</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=O%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="214">214 minerals with V and O</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffd60a" sorttable_customkey="95.9641255605">95.96%</td><td style="background-color: #e9ffe9" sorttable_customkey="1215">21.54% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=H%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="147">147 minerals with V and H</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffe357" sorttable_customkey="65.9192825112">65.92%</td><td style="background-color: #ecffec" sorttable_customkey="1185">18.54% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Calcium">Calcium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="51">51 minerals with V and Ca</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff5c5" sorttable_customkey="22.869955157">22.87%</td><td style="background-color: #fff4f4" sorttable_customkey="899">10.09% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silicon">Silicon</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Si%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="39">39 minerals with V and Si</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff8d2" sorttable_customkey="17.4887892377">17.49%</td><td style="background-color: #ffd7d7" sorttable_customkey="609">39.06% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iron">Iron</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Fe%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="38">38 minerals with V and Fe</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff8d4" sorttable_customkey="17.0403587444">17.04%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe3e3" sorttable_customkey="722">27.78% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Aluminium">Aluminium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Al%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="36">36 minerals with V and Al</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff8d6" sorttable_customkey="16.1434977578">16.14%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe9e9" sorttable_customkey="786">21.35% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copper">Copper</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cu%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="31">31 minerals with V and Cu</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff9dc" sorttable_customkey="13.9013452915">13.90%</td><td style="background-color: #f7fff7" sorttable_customkey="1073">7.36% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Mn%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="30">30 minerals with V and Mn</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff9dd" sorttable_customkey="13.4529147982">13.45%</td><td style="background-color: #f2fff2" sorttable_customkey="1125">12.57% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sodium">Sodium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Na%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="29">29 minerals with V and Na</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff9de" sorttable_customkey="13.0044843049">13.00%</td><td style="background-color: #ffdddd" sorttable_customkey="664">33.54% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Magnesium">Magnesium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Mg%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="24">24 minerals with V and Mg</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffae4" sorttable_customkey="10.7623318386">10.76%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe6e6" sorttable_customkey="756">24.39% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lead">Lead</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Pb%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="23">23 minerals with V and Pb</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbe5" sorttable_customkey="10.3139013453">10.31%</td><td style="background-color: #fafffa" sorttable_customkey="1041">4.20% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Barium">Barium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ba%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="20">20 minerals with V and Ba</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbe8" sorttable_customkey="8.96860986547">8.97%</td><td style="background-color: #a7ffa7" sorttable_customkey="1870">87.01% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Arsenic">Arsenic</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=As%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="17">17 minerals with V and As</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffcec" sorttable_customkey="7.62331838565">7.62%</td><td style="background-color: #ffdbdb" sorttable_customkey="647">35.28% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sulfur">Sulfur</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=S%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="17">17 minerals with V and S</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffcec" sorttable_customkey="7.62331838565">7.62%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc0c0" sorttable_customkey="377">62.26% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium">Potassium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=K%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="16">16 minerals with V and K</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffced" sorttable_customkey="7.17488789238">7.17%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe2e2" sorttable_customkey="716">28.35% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Titanium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ti%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="16">16 minerals with V and Ti</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffced" sorttable_customkey="7.17488789238">7.17%</td><td style="background-color: #fefffe" sorttable_customkey="1005">0.54% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=P%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="14">14 minerals with V and P</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffcef" sorttable_customkey="6.27802690583">6.28%</td><td style="background-color: #ffd2d2" sorttable_customkey="550">45.00% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Uranium">Uranium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=U%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="14">14 minerals with V and U</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffcef" sorttable_customkey="6.27802690583">6.28%</td><td style="background-color: #e4ffe4" sorttable_customkey="1268">26.85% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chlorine">Chlorine</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cl%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="9">9 minerals with V and Cl</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf5" sorttable_customkey="4.03587443946">4.04%</td><td style="background-color: #ffcece" sorttable_customkey="518">48.18% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Zn%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="8">8 minerals with V and Zn</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf6" sorttable_customkey="3.58744394619">3.59%</td><td style="background-color: #ffdbdb" sorttable_customkey="649">35.06% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium">Chromium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cr%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="8">8 minerals with V and Cr</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf6" sorttable_customkey="3.58744394619">3.59%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="2101">110.13% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Strontium">Strontium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sr%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="7">7 minerals with V and Sr</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffef7" sorttable_customkey="3.13901345291">3.14%</td><td style="background-color: #f7fff7" sorttable_customkey="1076">7.66% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bismuth">Bismuth</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Bi%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="7">7 minerals with V and Bi</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffef7" sorttable_customkey="3.13901345291">3.14%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe5e5" sorttable_customkey="743">25.62% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fluorine">Fluorine</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=F%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="5">5 minerals with V and F</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffef9" sorttable_customkey="2.24215246637">2.24%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb5b5" sorttable_customkey="260">73.97% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Boron">Boron</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=B%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="4">4 minerals with V and B</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefa" sorttable_customkey="1.79372197309">1.79%</td><td style="background-color: #ffbdbd" sorttable_customkey="341">65.87% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Antimony">Antimony</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sb%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="4">4 minerals with V and Sb</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefa" sorttable_customkey="1.79372197309">1.79%</td><td style="background-color: #ffbebe" sorttable_customkey="354">64.58% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Yttrium">Yttrium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Y%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="3">3 minerals with V and Y</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefc" sorttable_customkey="1.34529147982">1.35%</td><td style="background-color: #ffcccc" sorttable_customkey="497">50.26% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nickel">Nickel</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ni%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="3">3 minerals with V and Ni</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefc" sorttable_customkey="1.34529147982">1.35%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc3c3" sorttable_customkey="400">59.93% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cerium">Cerium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ce%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and Ce</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb5b5" sorttable_customkey="262">73.73% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=N%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and N</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc8c8" sorttable_customkey="453">54.61% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tin">Tin</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sn%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and Sn</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffcaca" sorttable_customkey="472">52.77% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thallium">Thallium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Tl%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and Tl</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe7e7" sorttable_customkey="766">23.36% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=La%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and La</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffcdcd" sorttable_customkey="508">49.18% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Carbon">Carbon</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=C%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and C</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffa6a6" sorttable_customkey="117">88.28% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lithium">Lithium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Li%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with V and Li</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.896860986547">0.90%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc1c1" sorttable_customkey="386">61.36% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tungsten">Tungsten</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=W%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and W</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffd4d4" sorttable_customkey="570">42.98% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Beryllium">Beryllium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Be%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Be</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffaeae" sorttable_customkey="194">80.52% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cobalt">Cobalt</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Co%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Co</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb9b9" sorttable_customkey="307">69.24% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mercury">Mercury</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Hg%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Hg</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb4b4" sorttable_customkey="251">74.86% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tellurium">Tellurium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Te%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Te</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffa9a9" sorttable_customkey="142">85.75% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silver">Silver</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ag%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Ag</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffa8a8" sorttable_customkey="130">86.94% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Caesium">Caesium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cs%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Cs</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #fffcfc" sorttable_customkey="974">2.60% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Mo%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Mo</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc0c0" sorttable_customkey="377">62.30% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neodymium">Neodymium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Nd%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Nd</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc7c7" sorttable_customkey="449">55.04% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Germanium">Germanium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ge%2CV%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with V and Ge</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.448430493274">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffebeb" sorttable_customkey="806">19.39% lower</td></tr></tr></table></div><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2">Periodic Table</th></tr><tr><td><div id="chemtdesc"></div> <table class="chemtablesmall"> <tr> <td rowspan="11"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="H" title="Hydrogen" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hydrogen">1<b>H</b></a></td> <td colspan="16"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="He" title="Helium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Helium">2<b>He</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Li" title="Lithium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lithium">3<b>Li</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Be" title="Beryllium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Beryllium">4<b>Be</b></a></td> <td></td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2"> <input checked name="hideshow" id="hideshow" type="checkbox"/><label for="hideshow">Show/hide current element</label> </td> <td class="elem"><a name="B" title="Boron" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Boron">5<b>B</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="C" title="Carbon" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Carbon">6<b>C</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="N" title="Nitrogen" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nitrogen">7<b>N</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="O" title="Oxygen" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Oxygen">8<b>O</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="F" title="Fluorine" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fluorine">9<b>F</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ne" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neon" title="Neon">10<b>Ne</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Na" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sodium" title="Sodium">11<b>Na</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mg" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">12<b>Mg</b></a></td> <td></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Al" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">13<b>Al</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Si" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silicon" title="Silicon">14<b>Si</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="P" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">15<b>P</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="S" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">16<b>S</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cl" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">17<b>Cl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ar" title="Argon" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Argon">18<b>Ar</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="K" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium" title="Potassium">19<b>K</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ca" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Calcium" title="Calcium">20<b>Ca</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sc" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium" title="Scandium">21<b>Sc</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ti" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium" title="Titanium">22<b>Ti</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="V" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">23<b>V</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cr" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium" title="Chromium">24<b>Cr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mn" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Manganese" title="Manganese">25<b>Mn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fe" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iron" title="Iron">26<b>Fe</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Co" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">27<b>Co</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ni" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nickel" title="Nickel">28<b>Ni</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cu" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copper" title="Copper">29<b>Cu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Zn" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zinc" title="Zinc">30<b>Zn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ga" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gallium" title="Gallium">31<b>Ga</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ge" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Germanium" title="Germanium">32<b>Ge</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="As" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">33<b>As</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Se" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Selenium" title="Selenium">34<b>Se</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Br" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bromine" title="Bromine">35<b>Br</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Kr" title="Krypton" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Krypton">36<b>Kr</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Rb" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">37<b>Rb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sr" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Strontium" title="Strontium">38<b>Sr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Y" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">39<b>Y</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Zr" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">40<b>Zr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Nb" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Niobium" title="Niobium">41<b>Nb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mo" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">42<b>Mo</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tc" title="Technetium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Technetium">43<b>Tc</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ru" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">44<b>Ru</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rh" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">45<b>Rh</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pd" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Palladium" title="Palladium">46<b>Pd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ag" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silver" title="Silver">47<b>Ag</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cd" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">48<b>Cd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="In" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Indium" title="Indium">49<b>In</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sn" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tin" title="Tin">50<b>Sn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sb" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Antimony" title="Antimony">51<b>Sb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Te" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">52<b>Te</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="I" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iodine" title="Iodine">53<b>I</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Xe" title="Xenon" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Xenon">54<b>Xe</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Cs" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Caesium" title="Caesium">55<b>Cs</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ba" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Barium" title="Barium">56<b>Ba</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="La" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">57<b>La</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hf" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">72<b>Hf</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ta" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">73<b>Ta</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="W" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">74<b>W</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Re" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">75<b>Re</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Os" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Osmium" title="Osmium">76<b>Os</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ir" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iridium" title="Iridium">77<b>Ir</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pt" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Platinum" title="Platinum">78<b>Pt</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Au" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gold" title="Gold">79<b>Au</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hg" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mercury" title="Mercury">80<b>Hg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tl" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thallium" title="Thallium">81<b>Tl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pb" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lead" title="Lead">82<b>Pb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bi" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">83<b>Bi</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Po" title="Polonium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Polonium">84<b>Po</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="At" title="Astatine" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Astatine">85<b>At</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rn" title="Radon" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radon">86<b>Rn</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Fr" title="Francium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Francium">87<b>Fr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ra" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radium" title="Radium">88<b>Ra</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ac" title="Actinium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Actinium">89<b>Ac</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rf" title="Rutherfordium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rutherfordium">104<b>Rd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Db" title="Dubnium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dubnium">105<b>Db</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sg" title="Seaborgium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Seaborgium">106<b>Sg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bh" title="Bohrium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bohrium">107<b>Bh</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hs" title="Hassium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hassium">108<b>Hs</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mt" title="Meitnerium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Meitnerium">109<b>Mt</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ds" title="Darmstadtium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Darmstadtium">110<b>Ds</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rg" title="Roentgenium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Roentgenium">111<b>Rg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cn" title="Copernicium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copernicium">112<b>Cn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uut" title="Ununtrium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununtrium">113<b>Uut</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fl" title="Flerovium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Flerovium">114<b>Fl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uup" title="Ununpentium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununpentium">115<b>Uup</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lv" title="Livermorium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Livermorium">116<b>Lv</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uus" title="Ununseptium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununseptium">117<b>Uus</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uuo" title="Ununoctium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununoctium">118<b>Uuo</b></a></td> </tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ce" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cerium" title="Cerium">58<b>Ce</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pr" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">59<b>Pr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Nd" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">60<b>Nd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pm" title="Promethium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Promethium">61<b>Pm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sm" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Samarium" title="Samarium">62<b>Sm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Eu" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Europium" title="Europium">63<b>Eu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Gd" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">64<b>Gd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tb" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Terbium" title="Terbium">65<b>Tb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Dy" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">66<b>Dy</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ho" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Holmium" title="Holmium">67<b>Ho</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Er" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Erbium" title="Erbium">68<b>Er</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tm" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thulium" title="Thulium">69<b>Tm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Yb" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">70<b>Yb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lu" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">71<b>Lu</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Th" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thorium" title="Thorium">90<b>Th</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pa" title="Protactinium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Protactinium">91<b>Pa</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="U" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Uranium" title="Uranium">92<b>U</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Np" title="Neptunium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neptunium">93<b>Np</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pu" title="Plutonium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">94<b>Pu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Am" title="Americium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Americium">95<b>Am</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cm" title="Curium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Curium">96<b>Cm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bk" title="Berkelium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Berkelium">97<b>Bk</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cf" title="Californium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Californium">98<b>Cf</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Es" title="Einsteinium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Einsteinium">99<b>Es</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fm" title="Fermium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fermium">100<b>Fm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Md" title="Mendelevium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mendelevium">101<b>Md</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="No" title="Nobelium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nobelium">102<b>No</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lr" title="Lawrencium" href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lawrencium">103<b>Lr</b></a></td> </tr> </table> <script> var permode = "Default"; var peropts = { "Default": { "key": { "Listed in minerals": "#fcfcfc", "Not listed": "#ccc" }, "desc": [ "<h2>Periodic Table<\/h2>Click on any element to navigate to the page on that element. 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", "default": "#FAF8D9", "H": "#BFD6EF", "C": "#BFD6EF", "N": "#BFD6EF", "O": "#BFD6EF", "P": "#BFD6EF", "S": "#BFD6EF", "Se": "#BFD6EF", "Li": "#F6A9BF", "Na": "#F6A9BF", "K": "#F6A9BF", "Rb": "#F6A9BF", "Cs": "#F6A9BF", "Fr": "#F6A9BF", "Be": "#FFDCA9", "Mg": "#FFDCA9", "Ca": "#FFDCA9", "Sr": "#FFDCA9", "Ba": "#FFDCA9", "Ra": "#FFDCA9", "Al": "#D4EBD8", "Ga": "#D4EBD8", "In": "#D4EBD8", "Sn": "#D4EBD8", "Tl": "#D4EBD8", "Pb": "#D4EBD8", "Bi": "#D4EBD8", "Uut": "#D4EBD8", "Fl": "#D4EBD8", "Uup": "#D4EBD8", "Lv": "#D4EBD8", "B": "#93D9F5", "Si": "#93D9F5", "Ge": "#93D9F5", "As": "#93D9F5", "Sb": "#93D9F5", "Te": "#93D9F5", "Po": "#93D9F5", "F": "#E0E0F0", "Cl": "#E0E0F0", "Br": "#E0E0F0", "I": "#E0E0F0", "At": "#E0E0F0", "Uus": "#E0E0F0", "He": "#E1CFE5", "Ne": "#E1CFE5", "Ar": "#E1CFE5", "Kr": "#E1CFE5", "Xe": "#E1CFE5", "Rn": "#E1CFE5", "Uuo": "#E1CFE5", "La": "#E7DAD4", "Ce": "#E7DAD4", "Pr": "#E7DAD4", "Nd": "#E7DAD4", "Pm": "#E7DAD4", "Sm": "#E7DAD4", "Eu": "#E7DAD4", "Gd": "#E7DAD4", "Tb": "#E7DAD4", "Dy": "#E7DAD4", "Ho": "#E7DAD4", "Er": "#E7DAD4", "Tm": "#E7DAD4", "Yb": "#E7DAD4", "Lu": "#E7DAD4", "Ac": "#F4DCD4", "Th": "#F4DCD4", "Pa": "#F4DCD4", "U": "#F4DCD4", "Np": "#F4DCD4", "Pu": "#F4DCD4", "Am": "#F4DCD4", "Cm": "#F4DCD4", "Bk": "#F4DCD4", "Cf": "#F4DCD4", "Es": "#F4DCD4", "Fm": "#F4DCD4", "Md": "#F4DCD4", "No": "#F4DCD4", "Lr": "#F4DCD4" }, "CPK": { "key": [], "desc": "<h2>CPK Coloring<\/h2>A popular colour convention for distinguishing atoms of the different elements in molecular models. Named after the original system derived by Robert Corey and Linus Pauling from Caltech, later improved by Walter Koltun.", "default": "#fcfcfc", "H": "#FFFFFF", "He": "#D9FFFF", "Li": "#CC80FF", "Be": "#C2FF00", "B": "#FFB5B5", "C": "#909090", "N": "#3050F8", "O": "#FF0D0D", "F": "#1FF01F", "Ne": "#B3E3F5", "Na": "#AB5CF2", "Mg": "#8AFF00", "Al": "#BFA6A6", "Si": "#F0C8A0", "P": "#FF8000", "S": "#FFFF30", "Cl": "#1FF01F", "Ar": "#80D1E3", "K": "#8F40D4", "Ca": "#3DFF00", "Sc": "#E6E6E6", "Ti": "#BFC2C7", "V": "#A6A6AB", "Cr": "#8A99C7", "Mn": "#9C7AC7", "Fe": "#E06633", "Co": "#F090A0", "Ni": "#50D050", "Cu": "#C88033", "Zn": "#7D80B0", "Ga": "#C28F8F", "Ge": "#668F8F", "As": "#BD80E3", "Se": "#FFA100", "Br": "#A62929", "Kr": "#5CB8D1", "Rb": "#702EB0", "Sr": "#00FF00", "Y": "#94FFFF", "Zr": "#94E0E0", "Nb": "#73C2C9", "Mo": "#54B5B5", "Tc": "#3B9E9E", "Ru": "#248F8F", "Rh": "#0A7D8C", "Pd": "#006985", "Ag": "#C0C0C0", "Cd": "#FFD98F", "In": "#A67573", "Sn": "#668080", "Sb": "#9E63B5", "Te": "#D47A00", "I": "#940094", "Xe": "#429EB0", "Cs": "#57178F", "Ba": "#00C900", "La": "#70D4FF", "Ce": "#FFFFC7", "Pr": "#D9FFC7", "Nd": "#C7FFC7", "Pm": "#A3FFC7", "Sm": "#8FFFC7", "Eu": "#61FFC7", "Gd": "#45FFC7", "Tb": "#30FFC7", "Dy": "#1FFFC7", "Ho": "#00FF9C", "Er": "#006E75", "Tm": "#00D452", "Yb": "#00BF38", "Lu": "#00AB24", "Hf": "#4DC2FF", "Ta": "#4DA6FF", "W": "#2194D6", "Re": "#267DAB", "Os": "#266696", "Ir": "#175487", "Pt": "#D0D0E0", "Au": "#FFD123", "Hg": "#B8B8D0", "Tl": "#A6544D", "Pb": "#575961", "Bi": "#9E4FB5", "Po": "#AB5C00", "At": "#754F45", "Rn": "#428296", "Fr": "#420066", "Ra": "#007D00", "Ac": "#70ABFA", "Th": "#00BAFF", "Pa": "#00A1FF", "U": "#008FFF", "Np": "#0080FF", "Pu": "#006BFF", "Am": "#545CF2", "Cm": "#785CE3", "Bk": "#8A4FE3", "Cf": "#A136D4", "Es": "#B31FD4", "Fm": "#B31FBA", "Md": "#B30DA6", "No": "#BD0D87", "Lr": "#C70066", "Rf": "#CC0059", "Db": "#D1004F", "Sg": "#D90045", "Bh": "#E00038", "Hs": "#E6002E", "Mt": "#EB0026", "Ds": "#", "Rg": "#", "Cn": "#", "Uut": "#", "Fl": "#", "Uup": "#", "Lv": "#", "Uus": "#", "Uuo": "#" }, "Electronegativity": { "key": { "0.70 - 0.99": "#797fd7", "1.00 - 1.49": "#79b7d7", "1.50 - 1.99": "#79d79c", "2.00 - 2.49": "#b0d779", "2.50 - 2.99": "#d7d679", "3.00 - 3.49": "#d79f79", "3.50 - 3.99": "#d7797b", "None\/Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Electronegativity<\/h2>Pauling Scale.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#b0d779", "He": "#ccc", "Li": "#797fd7", "Be": "#79d79c", "B": "#b0d779", "C": "#d7d679", "N": "#d79f79", "O": "#d79f79", "F": "#d7797b", "Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#797fd7", "Mg": "#79b7d7", "Al": "#79d79c", "Si": "#79d79c", "P": "#b0d779", "S": "#d7d679", "Cl": "#d79f79", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#797fd7", "Ca": "#79b7d7", "Sc": "#79b7d7", "Ti": "#79d79c", "V": "#79d79c", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79d79c", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#79d79c", "Ni": "#79d79c", "Cu": "#79d79c", "Zn": "#79d79c", "Ga": "#79d79c", "Ge": "#b0d779", "As": "#b0d779", "Se": "#d7d679", "Br": "#d7d679", "Kr": "#ccc", "Rb": "#797fd7", "Sr": "#797fd7", "Y": "#79b7d7", "Zr": "#79b7d7", "Nb": "#79d79c", "Mo": "#b0d779", "Tc": "#79d79c", "Ru": "#b0d779", "Rh": "#b0d779", "Pd": "#b0d779", "Ag": "#79d79c", "Cd": "#79d79c", "In": "#79d79c", "Sn": "#79d79c", "Sb": "#b0d779", "Te": "#b0d779", "I": "#d7d679", "Xe": "#ccc", "Cs": "#797fd7", "Ba": "#797fd7", "La": "#79b7d7", "Ce": "#79b7d7", "Pr": "#79b7d7", "Nd": "#79b7d7", "Pm": "#79b7d7", "Sm": "#79b7d7", "Eu": "#79b7d7", "Gd": "#79b7d7", "Tb": "#79b7d7", "Dy": "#79b7d7", "Ho": "#79b7d7", "Er": "#79b7d7", "Tm": "#79b7d7", "Yb": "#79b7d7", "Lu": "#79b7d7", "Hf": "#79b7d7", "Ta": "#79d79c", "W": "#b0d779", "Re": "#79d79c", "Os": "#b0d779", "Ir": "#b0d779", "Pt": "#b0d779", "Au": "#d7d679", "Hg": "#b0d779", "Tl": "#b0d779", "Pb": "#b0d779", "Bi": "#b0d779", "Po": "#b0d779", "At": "#b0d779", "Rn": "#ccc", "Fr": "#797fd7", "Ra": "#797fd7", "Ac": "#79b7d7", "Th": "#79b7d7", "Pa": "#79d79c", "U": "#79b7d7", "Np": "#79b7d7", "Pu": "#79b7d7", "Am": "#79b7d7", "Cm": "#79b7d7", "Bk": "#79b7d7", "Cf": "#79b7d7", "Es": "#79b7d7", "Fm": "#79b7d7", "Md": "#79b7d7", "No": "#79b7d7", "Lr": "#79b7d7", "Rf": "#ccc", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Atomic Radius": { "key": { "up to 79 pm": "#797fd7", "80 - 129 pm": "#79b7d7", "130 - 179 pm": "#79d79c", "180 + pm": "#b0d779", "Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Atomic Radius<\/h2>In picometers.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#797fd7", "He": "#797fd7", "Li": "#79d79c", "Be": "#79b7d7", "B": "#79b7d7", "C": "#797fd7", "N": "#797fd7", "O": "#797fd7", "F": "#797fd7", "Ne": "#797fd7", "Na": "#b0d779", "Mg": "#79d79c", "Al": "#79b7d7", "Si": "#79b7d7", "P": "#79b7d7", "S": "#79b7d7", "Cl": "#797fd7", "Ar": "#797fd7", "K": "#b0d779", "Ca": "#b0d779", "Sc": "#b0d779", "Ti": "#79d79c", "V": "#79d79c", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79d79c", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#79d79c", "Ni": "#79d79c", "Cu": "#79d79c", "Zn": "#79d79c", "Ga": "#79d79c", "Ge": "#79b7d7", "As": "#79b7d7", "Se": "#79b7d7", "Br": "#79b7d7", "Kr": "#79b7d7", "Rb": "#b0d779", "Sr": "#b0d779", "Y": "#b0d779", "Zr": "#b0d779", "Nb": "#b0d779", "Mo": "#b0d779", "Tc": "#b0d779", "Ru": "#79d79c", "Rh": "#79d79c", "Pd": "#79d79c", "Ag": "#79d79c", "Cd": "#79d79c", "In": "#79d79c", "Sn": "#79d79c", "Sb": "#79d79c", "Te": "#79b7d7", "I": "#79b7d7", "Xe": "#79b7d7", "Cs": "#b0d779", "Ba": "#b0d779", "La": "#79d79c", "Ce": "#b0d779", "Pr": "#b0d779", "Nd": "#b0d779", "Pm": "#b0d779", "Sm": "#b0d779", "Eu": "#b0d779", "Gd": "#b0d779", "Tb": "#b0d779", "Dy": "#b0d779", "Ho": "#b0d779", "Er": "#b0d779", "Tm": "#b0d779", "Yb": "#b0d779", "Lu": "#b0d779", "Hf": "#b0d779", "Ta": "#b0d779", "W": "#b0d779", "Re": "#b0d779", "Os": "#b0d779", "Ir": "#b0d779", "Pt": "#79d79c", "Au": "#79d79c", "Hg": "#79d79c", "Tl": "#79d79c", "Pb": "#79d79c", "Bi": "#79d79c", "Po": "#79d79c", "At": "#79b7d7", "Rn": "#79b7d7", "Fr": "#ccc", "Ra": "#ccc", "Ac": "#ccc", "Th": "#79d79c", "Pa": "#79d79c", "U": "#79d79c", "Np": "#79d79c", "Pu": "#79d79c", "Am": "#79d79c", "Cm": "#79d79c", "Bk": "#79d79c", "Cf": "#ccc", "Es": "#ccc", "Fm": "#ccc", "Md": "#ccc", "No": "#ccc", "Lr": "#ccc", "Rf": "#ccc", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#79d79c", "Rg": "#79d79c", "Cn": "#79d79c", "Uut": "#79d79c", "Fl": "#b0d779", "Uup": "#b0d779", "Lv": "#b0d779", "Uus": "#79d79c", "Uuo": "#79d79c" }, "Lowest Oxidation": { "key": { " -4": "#797fd7", " -3": "#79b7d7", " -2": "#79d79c", " -1": "#b0d779", " +1": "#d7d679", " +2": "#d79f79", " +3": "#d7797b", " +4": "#d7457e", "None\/Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Lowest Oxidation Number<\/h2>The lowest recorded oxidation number for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#b0d779", "He": "#ccc", "Li": "#d7d679", "Be": "#d79f79", "B": "#d7d679", "C": "#797fd7", "N": "#79b7d7", "O": "#79d79c", "F": "#b0d779", "Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#b0d779", "Mg": "#d7d679", "Al": "#d7d679", "Si": "#797fd7", "P": "#79b7d7", "S": "#79d79c", "Cl": "#b0d779", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#d7d679", "Ca": "#d79f79", "Sc": "#d7d679", "Ti": "#b0d779", "V": "#b0d779", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79b7d7", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#b0d779", "Ni": "#b0d779", "Cu": "#d7d679", "Zn": "#d79f79", "Ga": "#d7d679", "Ge": "#797fd7", "As": "#79b7d7", "Se": "#79d79c", "Br": "#b0d779", "Kr": "#d79f79", "Rb": "#d7d679", "Sr": "#d79f79", "Y": "#d7d679", "Zr": "#d7d679", "Nb": "#b0d779", "Mo": "#79d79c", "Tc": "#79b7d7", "Ru": "#79d79c", "Rh": "#b0d779", "Pd": "#d79f79", "Ag": "#d7d679", "Cd": "#d79f79", "In": "#d7d679", "Sn": "#797fd7", "Sb": "#79b7d7", "Te": "#79d79c", "I": "#b0d779", "Xe": "#d79f79", "Cs": "#d7d679", "Ba": "#d79f79", "La": "#d79f79", "Ce": "#d79f79", "Pr": "#d79f79", "Nd": "#d79f79", "Pm": "#d7797b", "Sm": "#d79f79", "Eu": "#d79f79", "Gd": "#d7d679", "Tb": "#d7d679", "Dy": "#d79f79", "Ho": "#d7797b", "Er": "#d7797b", "Tm": "#d79f79", "Yb": "#d79f79", "Lu": "#d7797b", "Hf": "#d79f79", "Ta": "#b0d779", "W": "#79d79c", "Re": "#79b7d7", "Os": "#79d79c", "Ir": "#79b7d7", "Pt": "#d79f79", "Au": "#b0d779", "Hg": "#d7d679", "Tl": "#d7d679", "Pb": "#797fd7", "Bi": "#79b7d7", "Po": "#79d79c", "At": "#b0d779", "Rn": "#d79f79", "Fr": "#d7d679", "Ra": "#d79f79", "Ac": "#d7797b", "Th": "#d79f79", "Pa": "#d7797b", "U": "#d7797b", "Np": "#d7797b", "Pu": "#d7797b", "Am": "#d79f79", "Cm": "#d7797b", "Bk": "#d7797b", "Cf": "#d79f79", "Es": "#d79f79", "Fm": "#d79f79", "Md": "#d79f79", "No": "#d79f79", "Lr": "#d7797b", "Rf": "#d7457e", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Highest Oxidation": { "key": { " -1": "#797fd7", " +1": "#79b7d7", " +2": "#79d79c", " +3": "#b0d779", " +4": "#d7d679", " +5": "#d79f79", " +6": "#d7797b", " +7": "#d7457e", " +8": "#f465c2", "None\/Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Highest Oxidation Number<\/h2>The highest recorded oxidation number for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#79b7d7", "He": "#ccc", "Li": "#79b7d7", "Be": "#79d79c", "B": "#b0d779", "C": "#d7d679", "N": "#d79f79", "O": "#79d79c", "F": "#797fd7", "Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#79b7d7", "Mg": "#79d79c", "Al": "#b0d779", "Si": "#d7d679", "P": "#d79f79", "S": "#d7797b", "Cl": "#d7457e", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#79b7d7", "Ca": "#79d79c", "Sc": "#b0d779", "Ti": "#d7d679", "V": "#d7d679", "Cr": "#d7797b", "Mn": "#d7457e", "Fe": "#d7797b", "Co": "#d79f79", "Ni": "#d7d679", "Cu": "#d7d679", "Zn": "#79d79c", "Ga": "#b0d779", "Ge": "#d7d679", "As": "#d79f79", "Se": "#d7797b", "Br": "#d7457e", "Kr": "#79d79c", "Rb": "#79b7d7", "Sr": "#79d79c", "Y": "#b0d779", "Zr": "#d7d679", "Nb": "#d79f79", "Mo": "#d7797b", "Tc": "#d7457e", "Ru": "#f465c2", "Rh": "#d7797b", "Pd": "#d7d679", "Ag": "#b0d779", "Cd": "#79d79c", "In": "#b0d779", "Sn": "#d7d679", "Sb": "#d79f79", "Te": "#d7797b", "I": "#d7457e", "Xe": "#f465c2", "Cs": "#79b7d7", "Ba": "#79d79c", "La": "#b0d779", "Ce": "#d7d679", "Pr": "#d7d679", "Nd": "#b0d779", "Pm": "#b0d779", "Sm": "#b0d779", "Eu": "#b0d779", "Gd": "#b0d779", "Tb": "#d7d679", "Dy": "#b0d779", "Ho": "#b0d779", "Er": "#b0d779", "Tm": "#b0d779", "Yb": "#b0d779", "Lu": "#b0d779", "Hf": "#d7d679", "Ta": "#d79f79", "W": "#d7797b", "Re": "#d7457e", "Os": "#f465c2", "Ir": "#d7797b", "Pt": "#d7797b", "Au": "#d79f79", "Hg": "#d7d679", "Tl": "#b0d779", "Pb": "#d7d679", "Bi": "#d79f79", "Po": "#d7797b", "At": "#d79f79", "Rn": "#79d79c", "Fr": "#79b7d7", "Ra": "#79d79c", "Ac": "#b0d779", "Th": "#d7d679", "Pa": "#d79f79", "U": "#d7797b", "Np": "#d7457e", "Pu": "#d7457e", "Am": "#d7797b", "Cm": "#d7d679", "Bk": "#d7d679", "Cf": "#d7d679", "Es": "#b0d779", "Fm": "#b0d779", "Md": "#b0d779", "No": "#b0d779", "Lr": "#b0d779", "Rf": "#d7d679", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Crustal Abundance": { "key": { "10<sup>-1<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#1aff53", "10<sup>-2<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#33ff33", "10<sup>-3<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#79ff4d", "10<sup>-4<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#b3ff66", "10<sup>-5<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#dfff80", "10<sup>-6<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffff99", "10<sup>-7<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffecb3", "10<sup>-8<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffe6cc", "10<sup>-9<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffece6", "10<sup>-10<\/sup> or less kg\/kg range": "#ffffff" }, "desc": "<h2>Crustal Abundance<\/h2>Values from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#79ff4d", "He": "#ffece6", "Li": "#dfff80", "Be": "#ffff99", "B": "#dfff80", "C": "#b3ff66", "N": "#dfff80", "O": "#1aff53", "F": "#b3ff66", "Ne": "#ffece6", "Na": "#33ff33", "Mg": "#33ff33", "Al": "#33ff33", "Si": "#1aff53", "P": "#79ff4d", "S": "#b3ff66", "Cl": "#b3ff66", "Ar": "#ffff99", "K": "#33ff33", "Ca": "#33ff33", "Sc": "#dfff80", "Ti": "#79ff4d", "V": "#b3ff66", "Cr": "#b3ff66", "Mn": "#b3ff66", "Fe": "#33ff33", "Co": "#dfff80", "Ni": "#dfff80", "Cu": "#dfff80", "Zn": "#dfff80", "Ga": "#dfff80", "Ge": "#ffff99", "As": "#ffff99", "Se": "#ffe6cc", "Br": "#ffff99", "Kr": "#ffffff", "Rb": "#dfff80", "Sr": "#b3ff66", "Y": "#dfff80", "Zr": "#b3ff66", "Nb": "#dfff80", "Mo": "#ffff99", "Ru": "#ffece6", "Rh": "#ffece6", "Pd": "#ffe6cc", "Ag": "#ffe6cc", "Cd": "#ffecb3", "In": "#ffecb3", "Sn": "#ffff99", "Sb": "#ffecb3", "Te": "#ffece6", "I": "#ffecb3", "Xe": "#ffffff", "Cs": "#ffff99", "Ba": "#b3ff66", "La": "#dfff80", "Ce": "#dfff80", "Pr": "#ffff99", "Nd": "#dfff80", "Sm": "#ffff99", "Eu": "#ffff99", "Gd": "#ffff99", "Tb": "#ffff99", "Dy": "#ffff99", "Ho": "#ffff99", "Er": "#ffff99", "Tm": "#ffecb3", "Yb": "#ffff99", "Lu": "#ffecb3", "Hf": "#ffff99", "Ta": "#ffff99", "W": "#ffff99", "Re": "#ffffff", "Os": "#ffece6", "Ir": "#ffece6", "Pt": "#ffece6", "Au": "#ffece6", "Hg": "#ffe6cc", "Tl": "#ffecb3", "Pb": "#dfff80", "Bi": "#ffece6", "Po": "#ffffff", "Rn": "#ffffff", "Ra": "#ffffff", "Ac": "#ffffff", "Th": "#ffff99", "Pa": "#ffffff", "U": "#ffff99" }, "Goldschmidt": { "key": { "Lithophile": "#ffbb77", "Siderophile": "#ff8ebb", "Chalcophile": "#fff888", "Atmophile": "#bbffff", "Not defined": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Goldschmidt Classification<\/h2>A geochemical classification of elements according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (ore loving\/chalcogen loving) or atmophile (gas-loving). This lists the primary classification for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#bbffff", "He": "#bbffff", "Li": "#ffbb77", "Be": "#ffbb77", "B": "#ffbb77", "C": "#bbffff", "N": "#bbffff", "O": "#ffbb77", "F": "#ffbb77", "Ne": "#bbffff", "Na": "#ffbb77", "Mg": "#ffbb77", "Al": "#ffbb77", "Si": "#ffbb77", "P": "#ffbb77", "S": "#fff888", "Cl": "#ffbb77", "Ar": "#bbffff", "K": "#ffbb77", "Ca": "#ffbb77", "Sc": "#ffbb77", "Ti": "#ffbb77", "V": "#ffbb77", "Cr": "#ffbb77", "Mn": "#ff8ebb", "Fe": "#ff8ebb", "Co": "#ff8ebb", "Ni": "#ff8ebb", "Cu": "#fff888", "Zn": "#fff888", "Ga": "#fff888", "Ge": "#fff888", "As": "#fff888", "Se": "#fff888", "Br": "#ffbb77", "Kr": "#bbffff", "Rb": "#ffbb77", "Sr": "#ffbb77", "Y": "#ffbb77", "Zr": "#ffbb77", "Nb": "#ffbb77", "Mo": "#ff8ebb", "Tc": "#ffbb77", "Ru": "#ff8ebb", "Rh": "#ff8ebb", "Pd": "#ff8ebb", "Ag": "#fff888", "Cd": "#fff888", "In": "#fff888", "Sn": "#fff888", "Sb": "#fff888", "Te": "#fff888", "I": "#ffbb77", "Xe": "#bbffff", "Cs": "#ffbb77", "Ba": "#ffbb77", "La": "#ffbb77", "Ce": "#ffbb77", "Pr": "#ffbb77", "Nd": "#ffbb77", "Pm": "#ffbb77", "Sm": "#ffbb77", "Eu": "#ffbb77", "Gd": "#ffbb77", "Tb": "#ffbb77", "Dy": "#ffbb77", "Ho": "#ffbb77", "Er": "#ffbb77", "Tm": "#ffbb77", "Yb": "#ffbb77", "Lu": "#ffbb77", "Hf": "#ffbb77", "Ta": "#ffbb77", "W": "#ffbb77", "Re": "#ff8ebb", "Os": "#ff8ebb", "Ir": "#ff8ebb", "Pt": "#ff8ebb", "Au": "#ff8ebb", "Hg": "#fff888", "Tl": "#fff888", "Pb": "#fff888", "Bi": "#fff888", "Po": "#fff888", "At": "#ffbb77", "Rn": "#bbffff", "Fr": "#ffbb77", "Ra": "#ffbb77", "Ac": "#ffbb77", "Th": "#ffbb77", "Pa": "#ffbb77", "U": "#ffbb77", "Np": "#ffbb77", "Pu": "#ffbb77" }, "Mineral Species": { "desc": "<h2>Mineral Species<\/h2>The number of minerals containing each element compared.", "key": { "3000+ minerals": "#ff8c80", "1000-2999 minerals": "#ffc266", "500-999 minerals": "#f0ff66", "100-499 minerals": "#75ff1a", "50-99 minerals": "#33ffcf", "20-49 minerals": "#99e4ff", "1-19 minerals": "#b3b8ff", "No minerals with element": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "H": "#ffc266", "Li": "#75ff1a", "Be": "#75ff1a", "B": "#75ff1a", "C": "#75ff1a", "N": "#75ff1a", "O": "#ff8c80", "F": "#75ff1a", "Na": "#ffc266", "Mg": "#f0ff66", "Al": "#ffc266", "Si": "#ffc266", "P": "#f0ff66", "S": "#ffc266", "Cl": "#75ff1a", "K": "#f0ff66", "Ca": "#ffc266", "Sc": "#b3b8ff", "Ti": "#75ff1a", "V": "#75ff1a", "Cr": "#33ffcf", "Mn": "#f0ff66", "Fe": "#ffc266", "Co": "#33ffcf", "Ni": "#75ff1a", "Cu": "#f0ff66", "Zn": "#75ff1a", "Ga": "#b3b8ff", "Ge": "#99e4ff", "As": "#f0ff66", "Se": "#75ff1a", "Br": "#b3b8ff", "Rb": "#b3b8ff", "Sr": "#75ff1a", "Y": "#75ff1a", "Zr": "#75ff1a", "Nb": "#75ff1a", "Mo": "#33ffcf", "Ru": "#b3b8ff", "Rh": "#b3b8ff", "Pd": "#33ffcf", "Ag": "#75ff1a", "Cd": "#99e4ff", "In": "#b3b8ff", "Sn": "#33ffcf", "Sb": "#75ff1a", "Te": "#75ff1a", "I": "#99e4ff", "Cs": "#99e4ff", "Ba": "#75ff1a", "La": "#33ffcf", "Ce": "#75ff1a", "Pr": "#b3b8ff", "Nd": "#33ffcf", "Sm": "#b3b8ff", "Gd": "#b3b8ff", "Dy": "#b3b8ff", "Yb": "#b3b8ff", "Hf": "#b3b8ff", "Ta": "#33ffcf", "W": "#99e4ff", "Re": "#b3b8ff", "Os": "#b3b8ff", "Ir": "#99e4ff", "Pt": "#99e4ff", "Au": "#99e4ff", "Hg": "#33ffcf", "Tl": "#33ffcf", "Pb": "#f0ff66", "Bi": "#75ff1a", "Th": "#99e4ff", "U": "#75ff1a", "": "#ff8c80" }, "Minerals with V": { "desc": "<h2>Mineral Species<\/h2>Compared with the total number of minerals listed with V we show how many of these minerals also contain each other element. A stronger shade of yellow indicates a greater percentage of V minerals listed with the indicated element.", "key": { "Low number of V minerals with element": "#fcfcfc", "Higher number of V minerals with element": "#fcfc40", "No minerals with element and V": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "O": "#ffd60a", "H": "#ffe357", "Ca": "#fff5c5", "Si": "#fff8d2", "Fe": "#fff8d4", "Al": "#fff8d6", "Cu": "#fff9dc", "Mn": "#fff9dd", "Na": "#fff9de", "Mg": "#fffae4", "Pb": "#fffbe5", "Ba": "#fffbe8", "As": "#fffcec", "S": "#fffcec", "K": "#fffced", "Ti": "#fffced", "P": "#fffcef", "U": "#fffcef", "Cl": "#fffdf5", "Zn": "#fffdf6", "Cr": "#fffdf6", "Sr": "#fffef7", "Bi": "#fffef7", "F": "#fffef9", "B": "#fffefa", "Sb": "#fffefa", "Y": "#fffefc", "Ni": "#fffefc", "Ce": "#fffffd", "N": "#fffffd", "Sn": "#fffffd", "Tl": "#fffffd", "La": "#fffffd", "C": "#fffffd", "Li": "#fffffd", "W": "#fffffe", "Be": "#fffffe", "Co": "#fffffe", "Hg": "#fffffe", "Te": "#fffffe", "Ag": "#fffffe", "Cs": "#fffffe", "Mo": "#fffffe", "Nd": "#fffffe", "Ge": "#fffffe" }, "Relative Frequency": { "desc": [ "<h2>Relative Frequency<\/h2>Comparing the ratio of the number of mineral species listed with each element + V with the ratio of all minerals listed with the element shows us which elements have a closer association with V. See the 'Element Association' table to view raw data." ], "key": { "Lower ratio of V minerals with element": "#fc4040", "Average ratio V minerals with element": "#fcfcfc", "Higher ratio of V minerals with element": "#40fc40", "No minerals with element and V": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "O": "#e9ffe9", "H": "#ecffec", "Ca": "#fff4f4", "Si": "#ffd7d7", "Fe": "#ffe3e3", "Al": "#ffe9e9", "Cu": "#f7fff7", "Mn": "#f2fff2", "Na": "#ffdddd", "Mg": "#ffe6e6", "Pb": "#fafffa", "Ba": "#a7ffa7", "As": "#ffdbdb", "S": "#ffc0c0", "K": "#ffe2e2", "Ti": "#fefffe", "P": "#ffd2d2", "U": "#e4ffe4", "Cl": "#ffcece", "Zn": "#ffdbdb", "Cr": "#9cff9c", "Sr": "#f7fff7", "Bi": "#ffe5e5", "F": "#ffb5b5", "B": "#ffbdbd", "Sb": "#ffbebe", "Y": "#ffcccc", "Ni": "#ffc3c3", "Ce": "#ffb5b5", "N": "#ffc8c8", "Sn": "#ffcaca", "Tl": "#ffe7e7", "La": "#ffcdcd", "C": "#ffa6a6", "Li": "#ffc1c1", "W": "#ffd4d4", "Be": "#ffaeae", "Co": "#ffb9b9", "Hg": "#ffb4b4", "Te": "#ffa9a9", "Ag": "#ffa8a8", "Cs": "#fffcfc", "Mo": "#ffc0c0", "Nd": "#ffc7c7", "Ge": "#ffebeb" } }; $(function() {eleactivate(permode); }); var timtam; $("#hideshow").change(function(){ if($(this).is(":checked")) { $("A[name=V]").addClass('eleselected'); } else { $("A[name=V]").removeClass('eleselected'); } }) function eleactivate(key) { var ele; var keydesc; var col; var def = peropts[key]["default"]; if(!def) def="#f8f8f8"; $("#chemtdesc").fadeOut(500,function() { $(this).html(peropts[key]["desc"]); $(this).fadeIn(500); }); $(".ptkey").fadeOut(500,function() { var cont = "<h2>Key</h2>"; // "key"=>array("Found in minerals"=>"#fcfcfc","Not found"=>"#ccc"), var keys = Object.keys(peropts[key]["key"]); for(keydes in peropts[key]["key"]) { col=peropts[key]["key"][keydes]; cont+="<div class='keyentry'><span style='background-color: "+col+"; '></span>"+keydes+"</div>"; } $(this).html(cont); $(this).fadeIn(500); }) if(timtam) clearTimeout(timtam); $(".elem A").each(function(index) { ele = $(this).attr('name'); col = peropts[key][ele]; $(this).css('-webkit-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('-o-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('-mozilla-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); if(col) $(this).css('background-color',col); else $(this).css('background-color',def); }); timtam = setTimeout(function() { $(".elem A").css('-webkit-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('-o-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('-mozilla-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('transition', 'none !important'); },1000); } $("A[name=V]").addClass('eleselected'); </script> <div class="ptkey"><div></div></div><div class="ptbuttons"><span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Default")">Default</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Categories")">Categories</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("CPK")">CPK</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Electronegativity")">Electronegativity</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Atomic Radius")">Atomic Radius</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Lowest Oxidation")">Lowest Oxidation</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Highest Oxidation")">Highest Oxidation</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Crustal Abundance")">Crustal Abundance</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Goldschmidt")">Goldschmidt</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Mineral Species")">Mineral Species</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Minerals with V")">Minerals with V</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Relative Frequency")">Relative Frequency</span> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Titanium</a> << <b>Vanadium</b> >> <a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium">Chromium</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="clearer"></div><br><br><table class="mindattable elebh2" style="width: 100%"><tr><th class="eleh3">Most widespread minerals containing Vanadium</th><tr><tr><td>This list of minerals containing Vanadium is built from the mindat.org locality database. This is based on the number of localities entered for mineral species and is therefore slanted towards minerals interesting to collectors with less coverage of common rock-forming-minerals so it does not give an undistorted distribution of Vanadium mineral species. It is more useful when comparing rare species rather than common species.</td></tr><table class="mindattable" style="width: 100%"><tr><th>Name</th><th>Formula</th><th>Crystal System</th><th>Mindat Localities</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-907.html">Carnotite</a></td><td><span>K<sub>2</sub>(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> · 3H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>1184</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4072.html">Tyuyamunite</a></td><td><span>Ca(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> · 5-8H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td><td>637</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4139.html">Vanadinite</a></td><td><span>Pb<sub>5</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cl</span></td><td>Hexagonal</td><td>605</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-1267.html">Descloizite</a></td><td><span>PbZn(VO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)</span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td><td>354</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-2792.html">Mottramite</a></td><td><span>PbCu(VO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)</span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td><td>328</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-3449.html">Roscoelite</a></td><td><span>K(V<sup>3+</sup>,Al)<sub>2</sub>(AlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>242</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4200.html">Volborthite</a></td><td><span>Cu<sub>3</sub>(V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>146</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-2769.html">Montroseite</a></td><td><span>(V<sup>3+</sup>,Fe<sup>3+</sup>)O(OH)</span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td><td>139</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-2690.html">Metatyuyamunite</a></td><td><span>Ca(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> · 3-5H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td><td>122</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-1113.html">Colusite</a></td><td><span>Cu<sub>12</sub>VAs<sub>3</sub>S<sub>16</sub></span></td><td>Isometric</td><td>86</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable elephotostrip" style="width: 100%"><tr><th>Photos</th></tr><tr><td><div class="newpicbox hidetablet hidephone"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 289px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-169483.html"><img width="289" height="193" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/-01895460014737775027875.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-907.html">Carnotite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-31463.html">Oljeto Mesa, Goulding, Monument Valley District, Monument Valley, San Juan Co., Utah, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 232px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-26967.html"><img width="232" height="193" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h240-0115471001106349176.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4072.html">Tyuyamunite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-5866.html">Marie Mine, Pryor Mts, Carbon Co., Montana, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 288px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-62811.html"><img width="288" height="193" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h193-0841734001148577071.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4139.html">Vanadinite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3323.html">Apache Mine, Radium, Burch area, Globe Hills, Globe Hills District, Globe-Miami District, Gila Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 155px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-193923.html"><img width="155" height="193" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h359-0892227001225807683.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-1267.html">Descloizite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2424.html">Berg Aukas Mine, Grootfontein District, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div><div class="newpicbox hidephone hidepc"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 193px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-169483.html"><img width="193" height="128" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/-01895460014737775027875.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-907.html">Carnotite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-31463.html">Oljeto Mesa, Goulding, Monument Valley District, Monument Valley, San Juan Co., Utah, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 154px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-26967.html"><img width="154" height="128" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h240-0115471001106349176.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4072.html">Tyuyamunite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-5866.html">Marie Mine, Pryor Mts, Carbon Co., Montana, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 192px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-62811.html"><img width="192" height="128" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h193-0841734001148577071.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4139.html">Vanadinite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3323.html">Apache Mine, Radium, Burch area, Globe Hills, Globe Hills District, Globe-Miami District, Gila Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 103px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-193923.html"><img width="103" height="128" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h359-0892227001225807683.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-1267.html">Descloizite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2424.html">Berg Aukas Mine, Grootfontein District, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div><div class="newpicbox hidepc hidetablet"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-169483.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/-01895460014737775027875.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-907.html">Carnotite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-31463.html">Oljeto Mesa, Goulding, Monument Valley District, Monument Valley, San Juan Co., Utah, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-26967.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h240-0115471001106349176.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4072.html">Tyuyamunite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-5866.html">Marie Mine, Pryor Mts, Carbon Co., Montana, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-62811.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h193-0841734001148577071.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-4139.html">Vanadinite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3323.html">Apache Mine, Radium, Burch area, Globe Hills, Globe Hills District, Globe-Miami District, Gila Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/photo-193923.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20160920171126im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h359-0892227001225807683.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/min-1267.html">Descloizite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2424.html">Berg Aukas Mine, Grootfontein District, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div></td></tr></table><br/><table class="mindattable elebh2" style="width: 100%;"><tr><th class="eleh2">Localities with greatest number of different Vanadium mineral species</th></tr><tr><td><div id="elegmap2">map should go here</div><table id="diffminlocs"><tr><th><b>1</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-7020.html">Valgraveglia Mine (Gambatesa Mine), Reppia, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>23</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>2</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1750.html">Mounana Mine (Mouana Mine), Franceville, Haut-Ogooué Province, Gabon</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>20</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>3</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-30869.html">Vanadium Queen Mine, La Sal, La Sal District (Paradox Valley District), San Juan Co., Utah, USA</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>20</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>4</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2089.html">Molinello Mine, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>20</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>5</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3294.html">Monument No. 2 Mine, Monument No. 2 channel, Monument Valley, Navajo Indian Reservation, Apache Co., Arizona, USA</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>20</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>6</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1782.html">Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>20</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-18741.html">Firefly–Pigmay Mine, La Sal Quadrangle, San Juan Co., Utah, USA</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>18</strong> V minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>8</b></th><td><a href="/web/20160920171126/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2223.html">Kurumsak V Deposit, Aksumbe, Karatau Range, Southern Kazakhstan Province (Ongtüstik Qazaqstan Oblysy; Yuzhno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast'), Kazakhstan</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>17</strong> V minerals</td></tr></table><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920171126js_/http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js"></script> <script> var map2; $(function() { var c = new google.maps.LatLng(0,0); var bounds2 = new google.maps.LatLngBounds(); var myOptions = { scrollwheel: false, center: c, zoom: 1, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP } map2 = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("elegmap2"), myOptions); var pnt = new google.maps.Point(3,30); var image = '/js/markers/purpleblank.png'; var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(44.3597222222,9.45); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker1 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "1"}, title: 'Valgraveglia Mine (Gambatesa Mine), Reppia, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(-1.43333333333,13.15); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker2 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "2"}, title: 'Mounana Mine (Mouana Mine), Franceville, Haut-Ogooué Province, Gabon'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(38.3352777778,-109.081111111); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker3 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "3"}, title: 'Vanadium Queen Mine, La Sal, La Sal District (Paradox Valley District), San Juan Co., Utah, USA'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(44.3452777778,9.45888888889); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker4 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "4"}, title: 'Molinello Mine, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(36.9283333333,-109.918333333); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker5 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "5"}, title: 'Monument No. 2 Mine, Monument No. 2 channel, Monument Valley, Navajo Indian Reservation, Apache Co., Arizona, USA'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(48.3833333333,8.24638888889); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker6 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "6"}, title: 'Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(44.3333333333,67.6333333333); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker8 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "8"}, title: 'Kurumsak V Deposit, Aksumbe, Karatau Range, Southern Kazakhstan Province (Ongtüstik Qazaqstan Oblysy; Yuzhno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast\'), Kazakhstan'}); map2.fitBounds(bounds2); }); </script> </td></tr></table><div class="clearer"></div><div id="element_smallprint"><br><br><b>Spotted a mistake/omission?</b> - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920171126/mailto:jolyon@mindat.org">jolyon@mindat.org</a>. Thank you.</br><br> Constants and physical property data from:<br><br> David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).<br> Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements<br> A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)<br> Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)<br> L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)<br> Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. 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Vanadium: The mineralogy of Vanadium