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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klaanklier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klaanklier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Klaanklier</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klaanklier-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Klaanklier-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klaanklier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginklaanke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginklaanke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Beginklaanke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginklaanke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oetgeng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oetgeng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Oetgeng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oetgeng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Toene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gesjreve_Kantonees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gesjreve_Kantonees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gesjreve Kantonees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gesjreve_Kantonees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gesjreve Kantonees-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gesjreve_Kantonees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Karakters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Karakters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transcriptie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transcriptie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Transcriptie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transcriptie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Bronne-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rifferenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rifferenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rifferenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rifferenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extern_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extern_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Extern links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extern_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kantonees</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 82 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 spraoke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="कैंटोनीज – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कैंटोनीज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%A4" title="صينية يؤ – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صينية يؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܩܢܛܘܢܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܩܢܛܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_dili" title="Kanton dili – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanton dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantones" title="Kantones – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kantones" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Кантонскі дыялект – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кантонскі дыялект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кантонски език – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кантонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্যান্টনীয় উপভাষা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যান্টনীয় উপভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoneg" title="Kantoneg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kantoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Kanton" title="Saro Kanton – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Kanton" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%C3%A8s" title="Cantonès – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cantonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانتۆنی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانتۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%C5%A1tina" title="Kantonština – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kantonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantoneg" title="Cantoneg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cantoneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonesisk_(sprog)" title="Kantonesisk (sprog) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kantonesisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Καντονέζικη γλώσσα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντονέζικη γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cantonese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantona_lingvo" title="Kantona lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_canton%C3%A9s" title="Chino cantonés – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chino cantonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_keel" title="Kantoni keel – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kantoni keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانتونی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoninkiina" title="Kantoninkiina – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kantoninkiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonais_standard" title="Cantonais standard – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cantonais standard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoneesk_spriak" title="Kantoneesk spriak – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kantoneesk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_cantonesa" title="Lingua cantonesa – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua cantonesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA" title="𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 – Gothisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-fa" title="Kóng-tûng-fa – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kóng-tûng-fa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קנטונזית תקנית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קנטונזית תקנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कैण्टोनी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैण्टोनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="sjterartikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_nyelv" title="Kantoni nyelv – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kantoni nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Kanton" title="Jaku Kanton – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Kanton" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kanton" title="Bahasa Kanton – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kanton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantones" title="Kantones – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kantones" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%B3nska" title="Kantónska – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kantónska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="広東語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広東語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kwangtung" title="Basa Kwangtung – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Kwangtung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C9%94n%C9%9B%C9%9B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kantɔnɛɛ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kanton" title="Bahasa Kanton – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Kanton" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%96%B4" title="광둥어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광둥어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonek" title="Cantonek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cantonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາກວາງຕຸ້ງມາດຕະຖານ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາກວາງຕຸ້ງມາດຕະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_kin%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kantono kinų kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kantono kinų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonie%C5%A1u_dialekts" title="Kantoniešu dialekts – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kantoniešu dialekts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Kanton" title="Bhâsa Kanton – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Kanton" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_kant%C3%B4ney" title="Fiteny kantôney – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kantôney" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кантонски јазик – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кантонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കാന്റോനീസ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാന്റോനീസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯦꯟꯇꯣꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯟꯇꯣꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कँटोनीज भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कँटोनीज भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kantonis" title="Bahasa Kantonis – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Kantonis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="یوئی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوئی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="क्यान्टोनिज भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यान्टोनिज भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standaardkantonees" title="Standaardkantonees – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Standaardkantonees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_kantonesisk" title="Standard kantonesisk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Standard kantonesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%C3%A9s" title="Cantonés – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cantonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardowy_j%C4%99zyk_kanto%C5%84ski" title="Standardowy język kantoński – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Standardowy język kantoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کینٹونی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کینٹونی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_cantonesa" title="Língua cantonesa – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua cantonesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_cantonez%C4%83" title="Limba cantoneză – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba cantoneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Кантонский диалект – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кантонский диалект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कैंटोनी भाषा – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कैंटोनी भाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cantonese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardni_kantonski_jezik" title="Standardni kantonski jezik – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Standardni kantonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කැන්ටනීස් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැන්ටනීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%C4%8Dina_(Kanton)" title="Kantončina (Kanton) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kantončina (Kanton)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кантонски језик – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C5%8D%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Kantōńskŏ gŏdka – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kantōńskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கண்டோனீயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கண்டோனீயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Kantones" title="Wikang Kantones – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Kantones" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonca" title="Kantonca – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kantonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Кантон теле – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кантон теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%86%DB%95" title="كانتونچە – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كانتونچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Кантонський діалект – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кантонський діалект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کینٹنی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کینٹنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Tiếng Quảng Châu – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Quảng Châu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongan_Cantones" title="Pinulongan Cantones – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinulongan Cantones" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="广州话" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="广州话" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%84g-chiu-%C5%8De" title="Kńg-chiu-ōe – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kńg-chiu-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%BA%9C%E8%A9%B1" title="廣府話 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廣府話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versjtaek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Van Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="li" dir="ltr"><p><small>Dit artikel is gesjreve (of begós) in 't <a href="/wiki/Mestreechs" title="Mestreechs">Mestreechs</a>. Laes <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wie_sjrief_ich_Limburgs#Versjillende_dialekte" title="Wikipedia:Wie sjrief ich Limburgs">hie</a> wie v'r mit de versjillende saorte Limburgs ómgaon.</small> </p> <hr /> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png/220px-Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png/330px-Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Idioma_canton%C3%A9s.png 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Verspreiing vaan 't Kantonees in China.</figcaption></figure> <p>'t <b>Kantonees</b>, ouch wel <b>Yue-Chinees</b> geneump, is ein vaan de hoofdialekte vaan 't <a href="/wiki/Chinees" title="Chinees">Chinees</a>, gesproke in zuielek <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Wie bij de aander Chinese hoofdialekte kin me 't hiel good es 'n apaarte <a href="/wiki/Taol" title="Taol">taol</a> zien, umtot 't zier sterk vaan aander soorte Chinees versjèlt en neet demèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oonderling_verstoonbaarheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oonderling verstoonbaarheid (nog neet aangemaak)">oonderling verstoonbaar</a> is. Um politieke en cultureel reies weurt 't Kantonees toch es e <a href="/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek">dialek</a> gezeen: de sprekers zien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Han-Chineze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han-Chineze (nog neet aangemaak)">Han-Chineze</a>, zjus wie de sprekers vaan 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarijn_(taol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandarijn (taol) (nog neet aangemaak)">Mandarijn</a> en aander soorte Chinees. </p><p>De gemeine naom <i>Kantonees</i> kump vaan de stad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanton_(China)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanton (China) (nog neet aangemaak)">Kanton</a> (<i>Gwanzhou</i>) in Zuid-China, 't cultureel middepunt vaan 't taolgebeed. Heidoor is de nomenclatuur neet gans dudelek: sommege verstoon oonder <i>Kantonees</i> allein d'n <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3ngval" title="Tóngval">tóngval</a> vaan Kanton en neume de ganse dialekgróp <i>Yue</i>, aandere gebruke 't begrip <i>Kantonees</i> veur de ganse dialekgróp en neume de taol vaan Kanton <i>Standaardkantonees</i>. De lèste optie weurt in dit artikel ouch opgevolg. </p><p>'t Kantonees zit wat status betröf tösse volkstaol en <a href="/wiki/Cultuurtaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultuurtaol">cultuurtaol</a> in: 't gief (wie gezag) 'ne standaardvörm, 't weurt soms officieel gebruuk (veural moondeling) en vrij dèks opgesjreve. Gesjreve Kantonees kint 'n aontal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinees_sjrif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinees sjrif (nog neet aangemaak)">karakters</a> wat in 't Mandarijn gaaroet neet weurt gebruuk. De <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639 (nog neet aangemaak)">ISO 639</a>-3-code is <tt>yue</tt>. De taol had in 1984 nao sjatting 56 mieljoen sprekers. Inheims is ze in groete deile vaan de provincie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong (nog neet aangemaak)">Guangdong</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> en <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>; groete migrantegemeinsjappe (de zoegeneumde <i>Kantonesen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaspora (nog neet aangemaak)">diaspora</a></i>) leve in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Vereinegde_Staote" class="mw-redirect" title="Vereinegde Staote">Vereinegde Staote</a>; ouch de Chineze in <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> zien vaanajds Kantoneestaoleg.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Historie"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De historie vaan 't Chinees in de regio begint mèt de invasie vaan Chinese leger in d'n tied vaan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qindynastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qindynastie (nog neet aangemaak)">Qindynastie</a>, aon 't ind vaan d'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daarden_iew_veur_Christus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daarden iew veur Christus (nog neet aangemaak)">daarden iew veur Christus</a>. Tot daan touw waor dit gebeed bevolk gewees mèt zoegeneumde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiyue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiyue (nog neet aangemaak)">Baiyuevolker</a>, die 'n oonbekinde taol spraoke. Wat mèt die lui is gebäörd, wèt me neet perceis, meh in eder geval kaome (Han-)Chineze dao massaol woene en naome hun taol, 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aajdchinees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aajdchinees (nog neet aangemaak)">Aajdchinees</a>, mèt. </p><p>Tot aon d'n tied vaan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangdynastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangdynastie (nog neet aangemaak)">Tangdynastie</a> - rouw-eweg de zevenden tot en mèt de negenden iew - bleve de versjèlle tösse de Chinese dialekte te euverzien; mèt 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middelchinees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middelchinees (nog neet aangemaak)">Middelchinees</a> vaan toen moot me ziech zoewel in noord es in zuid good verstoonbaar höbbe kinne make. Tenao evels raakde 't zuie vaan 't land geïsoleerd vaan de machsbasis in <a href="/wiki/Peking" title="Peking">Peking</a>, en dewijl ziech dao 't Mandarijn oontwikkelde, behele de zuieleke dialekte väöl awwerwètse trèkke (zoewie plosieve es indklaank), dewijl ze zelf wel aander veranderinge doorveurde. Zoe woorte ze veer toene vaan 't Middelchinees deils opgesplits. Al deen tied waor de positie vaan 't dialek oonbedreig, neet allein door de maotege communicatie mèt Peking, meh ouch doortot de gesjreve cultuurtaol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassiek_Chinees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassiek Chinees (nog neet aangemaak)">Klassiek Chinees</a> bleef. </p><p>Wie de Europeaone nao Oos-Azië kaome, leet allein Kanton de boetelandsen handel touw. Daorum riechde ziech de blik vaan 't weste op die stad. Westerse handelere die Chinees lierde, riechde ziech neet op Klassiek Chinees of Mandarijn meh op Kantonees. Me zuut deen invlood beveurbeeld nog in de westerse naom veur de hoofstad, <i>Peking</i>: dee leit ziech neet aof vaan 't Mandarijn <i>Beijing</i> meh ieder vaan 't Kantonees <i>Bak1 king1</i> (spreek oet <i>pakking</i>). Dat gaof 'nen iersten aonzat tot Kantonees es prestiesjdialek. Ouch waor 't zjus oet dees stad tot in de negentienden en vreug-twintegsten iew versjèllende Chineze migreerde nao aander len in de regio of nog wijer eweg. </p><p>De val vaan 't Keizerriek (1911) maakde de weeg vrij veur 't aofsjaffe vaan 't Klassiek Chinees te geunste vaan 't Mandarijn es officieel taol. Sindsdeen waor 't Kantonees oondergesjik. Decennialaank - zeker ouch oonder Mao - streefde me sterk denao um de standaardtaol euveral in 't land in te veure. Aon d'n aandere kant kraog 't Kantonees in Hong Kong en Macau väöl beteikenis es de spreektaol vaan dao geproduceerde films en series. De lèste jaore is de hajding vaan de Chinese regering get coulanter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oonderverdeiling">Oonderverdeiling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Oonderverdeiling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oonderverdeiling"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Yue_Dialects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yue_Dialects.png/220px-Yue_Dialects.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yue_Dialects.png/330px-Yue_Dialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yue_Dialects.png/440px-Yue_Dialects.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>De Kantonese dialekgróppe.</figcaption></figure> <p>'t Kantonees liet ziech oonderverdeile in 'n aontal versjèllende dialek(sub)gróppe: </p> <ul><li>Yuehai <ul><li>Guangfu; hei-oonder valle ouch 't Standaardkantonees en de variante vaan Hong Kong en Macau</li> <li>Tanka (Danjia), de taol vaan 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanka (nog neet aangemaak)">gelieknaomeg volk</a> vaan zienomade</li> <li>Sanyi</li> <li>Zhongshan</li></ul></li> <li>Siyi of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taishanees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taishanees (nog neet aangemaak)">Taishanees</a>; väöl gesproke in de Vereinegde Staote</li> <li>Luoguang</li> <li>Gaoyang</li> <li>Guilin</li> <li>Yulin</li> <li>Nanning</li> <li>Wuzhou</li> <li>Beihai</li></ul> <p>De lèste vief dialekte weure same wel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinan (nog neet aangemaak)">Guinan</a> geneump. 't Geit hei um 'n gróp relatief sterk vaan 't Kantonees versjèllende variëteite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Status"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zoewel op 't vasteland vaan China es op <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> gelt 't <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekinees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekinees (nog neet aangemaak)">Pekinees</a> dialek vaan 't Mandarijn es de officieel taol. 't Beleid vaan de euverheid is drop geriech op dit Mandarijn te promote, zoetot me ziech in gans 't land verstoonbaar kin make. De dialekte höbbe geinen officiële status, meh ze weure neet structureel oonderdrök (wie in Fraankriek laank is gebäörd). Noe en daan kump e beriech binne euver lierlinge die straaf kriege veur 't spreke vaan Kantonees, meh ech frequint is dit neet. Publicaties gesjreve in 't Kantonees weure algemein touwgelaote en Kantoneestaolege films en meziek zien hendeg populair, neet allein in China meh ouch daoboete. </p><p>In Hong Kong en Macau is de situatie aanders. De regering sjrijf allein veur tot de officieel taol 'Chinees' is, meh zeet neet tot dat Mandarijn moot zien. In de praktijk deent 't Kantonees dao in eder geval es officieel gesproke taol: in de regering en 't oonderwies weurt miestes gei Mandarijn gesproke, al sjrijf me 't wel op. </p><p>Wie gezag leve väöl sprekers vaan 't Kantonees in Zuidoos-Azië en heet me dao touwgaank tot Kantonees gesproke popcultuur. Allein in Singapore weurt 't Kantonees actief oonderdrök, same mèt de aander Chinese dialekte: umtot de Chinese gemeinsjap dao nogal heterogeen is, wèlt me door 't gebruuk vaan de standaardtaol mier einheid smeie. 't Opebaar gebruuk vaan Kantonees is verboje en de geneumde films en meziek zien neet te kriege. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klaanklier">Klaanklier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Klaanklier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klaanklier"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg/220px-Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg/330px-Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg/440px-Cantonese_vowel_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Vocaole (klinkers) in 't Standaardkantonees. Sommege zien allofone; zuug de teks.</figcaption></figure> <p>De Yue-dialekte zien oonderein hendeg divers en vaan ein klaanklier vèlt daan ouch neet te spreke. Toch kin de klaanklier vaan n'importe welk dialek 'ne gojen indrök vaan ze allemaol geve, in 't bezunder vaan de versjèlle tösse 't Kantonees en 't Mandarijn. Hei weurt de klaanklier vaan 't Standaardkantonees besjreve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginklaanke">Beginklaanke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Beginklaanke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beginklaanke"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wie bij alle Chinese dialekte weurt 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllaab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllaab (nog neet aangemaak)">syllaab</a> opgebroke in beginklaanke en oetgeng of indklaanke. De beginklaank is ofwel 'ne <a href="/wiki/Consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Consonant">consonant</a> (mètklinker) ofwel 'ne nulklaank (daan begint de syllaab mèt 'ne <a href="/wiki/Vocaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocaol">vocaol</a>; eventueel kin de nulklaank weure gerealiseerd es 'ne glottisslaag). In de Standaardkantonesen inventaris vaan beginklaanke oontbreke, zjus wie in 't Mandarijn, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_(klaank)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media (klaank) (nog neet aangemaak)">mediae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stumh%C3%B6bbend" class="mw-redirect" title="Stumhöbbend">weike</a> <a href="/wiki/Plosief" title="Plosief">plofklaanke</a>); me kint <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenuis (nog neet aangemaak)">tenues</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stumloes" class="mw-redirect" title="Stumloes">hel</a> plofklaanke /p/, /t/ en /k/) en geaspireerde tenues (/pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/). E versjèl is tot de Mandarijnse <a href="/wiki/Retroflex" title="Retroflex">retroflexe</a> (/ɻ/, /ʂ/, /ʈ͡ʂ/, / ʈ͡ʂʰ/) en <a href="/wiki/Palataol" class="mw-redirect" title="Palataol">palataole</a> (/t͡ɕ/, /t͡ɕʰ/, /ɕ/) hei gans oontbreke. Wel heet 't Kantonees gelabialiseerde klaanke (/kʷ/ en /kʷʰ/) die 't Mandarijn weer neet kint. De <i>h</i> is in 't Kantonees weiker es in 't Mandarijn: mier 'n echte /h/ en gein /x/. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oetgeng">Oetgeng</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Oetgeng" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oetgeng"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groeter evels zien de versjèlle bij de indklaanke/oetgeng. 'nen Oetgaank besteit dèks oet 'ne vocaol en 'ne consonant. De meugeleke aofsletende klaanke zien de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haafvocaol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haafvocaol (nog neet aangemaak)">haafvocaole</a> /j/ en /w/, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquida (nog neet aangemaak)">liquidae</a> /m/, /n/ en /ŋ/ zoewie de plosieve /p/, /t/ en /k/. Die plosieve en ouch de /m/, koume in 't Mandarijn noets in indklaanke veur. (Wäörd wie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai_Tak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai Tak (nog neet aangemaak)">Kai2 Dak1</a> (vreuger vleegveld vaan Hong Kong) en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dim_sum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dim sum (nog neet aangemaak)">dim2 sam1</a> drage heidoor e typisch Kantonees stumpel; ze zouwe in 't Mandarijn <i>Qĭ Dé</i> respectievelek <i>diǎn xin</i> luie). </p><p>Ouch de behandeling vaan klinkers is aanders. In 't Mandarijn kint me e groet aontal klinker<i>klaanke</i>, die door taolwetensjappers tot vief <a href="/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem">foneme</a> weure trökgebrach. 't Kantonees kint minder allofonie, meh wel ach klinkerfoneme. Zoe maak me in dees taol versjèl tösse /u/ ('oe') en /y/ ('uu'), dewijl dat in 't Mandarijn variante vaanein zien, die in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinyin (nog neet aangemaak)">transcriptie</a> ummer es <u> weure gesjreve. Ouch kint 't Kantonees, aanders es 't Mandarijn, versjèl tösse lang en korte vocaole. Wel weure lang en korte vocaole dèks e bitteke aanders gerealiseerd: 'n lang a klink wie /a:/, 'n korte a wie /ɐ/. </p><p>Soms höbbe syllabes gaaroet geine vocaol. D'n indklaank besteit daan allein oet /m/ of /ŋ/. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toene">Toene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Toene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toene"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaan 't Kantonees weurt dèks gezag tot 't 'n aofsjrikwèkkend groet aontal <a href="/wiki/Toentaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Toentaol">toene</a> heet; nege weurt dèks geneump. E bitteke oetlègk kin evels laote zien tot de situatie neet zoe gecompliceerd is wie ze liek. </p><p>De toene zien te verdeile in toene vaan ope syllabes en die in geslote syllabes. In ope syllabes zien zes of zeve toene meugelek, in geslote mer drei. (Twie traditioneel toene oet 't Standaardkantonees zien in modern variante, zeker in Hong Kong, goon samevalle; 't is op dit systeem tot de gaankbaar indeilinge zien gebaseerd.) </p><p>Toene in ope syllabes zien: </p> <ol><li>陰平: hoeg vlaak (˥) of hoeg vallend (˥˧); twie toene in 't traditioneel Kantonees</li> <li>陰上: midde klummend (˧˥)</li> <li>陰去: midde vlaak (˧)</li> <li>陽平: lieg vallend (˨˩) of zier lieg vlaak (˩)</li> <li>陽上: lieg klummend (˩˧)</li> <li>陽去: lieg vlaak (˨)</li></ol> <p>Toene in geslote syllabes zien: </p> <ol start="7"> <li> 上陰入: hoeg (˥; kump euverein mèt 1) </li><li> 下陰入: midde (˧; kump euverein mèt 3) </li><li> 陽入: lieg (˨; kump euverein mèt 6) </li></ol> <p>De cieferkes zien in transcripties e.d. gebrukelek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammair">Grammair</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Grammair" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grammair"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De grammair vaan 't Kantonees heet mèt dee vaan aander Chinese dialekte veural euvereinkomste, meh ouch dudeleke versjèlle. </p><p>Wie alle soorte Chinees is 't Kantonees isolerend (analytisch), meh neet mie zoe strik wie 't Klassiek Chinees: zoe good wie 't Mandarijn en in tegestèlling tot de klassieke taol maak de taol gebruuk vaan versjèllende suffices. Zoe weurt 't partikel 哋 (<i>-dei6</i>) gebruuk veur 't miervoud vaan substantieve, wie in 't Mandarijn 們 (-<i>men</i>). In tegestèlling tot dat lèste kin 't Kantonees suffix allein nao wäörd veur zakes koume. Aander suffices of partikele (kwestie vaan analyse) kinne nujeg zien um de woordsoort oet te make. </p><p>Wie 't Mandarijn heet ouch 't Kantonees zoegeneumde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maotwoord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maotwoord (nog neet aangemaak)">maotwäörd</a> die nao tèlwäörd e.d. mote koume um de aard vaan de getèlde objekte oet te drökke. </p><p>'t <a href="/wiki/Werkwoord" class="mw-redirect" title="Werkwoord">Werkwoord</a> kin versjèllende tije en wijze höbbe. Die weure door speciaol partikele oetgedrök. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Syntaxis" title="Syntaxis">syntaxis</a> vaan 't Kantonees SVO (oonderwerp - werkwoord - veurwerp), meh umtot de Chinese dialekte <i>topic prominent</i> zien, kin 't veurwerp good nao veure koume. Door 't oontbreke vaan naomvalle o.g.d. kin de beteikenis vaan 'ne zin daan dobbelzinneg weure; gemeinelek wijs de conteks evels oet wat of wee 't oonderwerp is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gesjreve_Kantonees">Gesjreve Kantonees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Gesjreve Kantonees" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gesjreve Kantonees"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al in de late Qing-dynastie woort 't Kantonees opgesjreve, en wel in de zoegeneumde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinesen_opera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinesen opera (nog neet aangemaak)">Kantonesen opera</a>. In d'n twintegsten iew oontwikkelde ziech veural in Hong Kong, boe väöl lui gei Mandarijn kinne of kóste, 'n op 't Kantonees gebaseerde sjrieftaol wijer. De lèste decennia heet die 'n groete vlöch genome. Me zuut 't allewijl väöl op 't internet (chatboxe, sociaol media etc.) zoewie in pretentieloes publicaties wie roddelblajer. In de riechszaol weure vaanajds al getugenisse gesproke in 't Kantonees lètterlek oet de moond vaan de spreker opgeteikend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karakters">Karakters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Karakters" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Karakters"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wienie 't Kantonees weurt opgesjreve in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinees_sjrif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinees sjrif (nog neet aangemaak)">Chinese karakters</a>, heet me globaol gezag twie keuze. De ierste keus is etymologische 'spèlling': me gebruuk daan veur e Kantonees woord 'tzelfde karakter wat me veur dat woord gebruukde in 't Klassiek Chinees, en wat me nog ummer gebruuk in 't Standaardchinees. In zoe'n gevalle versjèlt gesjreve Kantonees neet zoeväöl vaan gesjreve Mandarijn en zien Kantonese tekste veur alle Chineze te begriepe. Sommege wäörd, die in 't Mandarijn intösse verawwerd zien meh in 't Kantonees wijer leve, gebruke ouch 't bijbehurend klassiek karakter wat me in 't Standaardchinees neet mie kint. Ouch daan blijf 'nen teks veur d'n erudiete Chinees leesbaar. </p><p>De twiede optie is 'fonetisch spèlle'. In dat geval gebruuk me veur 't Kantonees e karakter wat in de Mandarijnse oetspraok 't Kantonees 't bèste weergeef. In dat geval is 't väöl lesteger veur 'ne Chinees dee gei Kantonees kint um 'nen teks in die taol te leze. </p><p>Tot slot zien ouch 'neologistische' karakters in gebruuk, die koelek veurkoume in aander dialekte. Zoe weurt 't woord <i>lip</i> 'lif', e lienwoord oet 't Ingels, wel es 𨋢 gesjreve: 'n combinatie vaan 車 ('kaar', 'oto'; de lif bringk d'ch jummers nao 'n aander plaots) en 立 (<i>lap</i>, 'n fonetische benaodering). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transcriptie">Transcriptie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Transcriptie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Transcriptie"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wie 't Mandarijn weurt ouch 't Kantonees dèks in <a href="/wiki/Latiens_sjrif" title="Latiens sjrif">Latiense lètters</a> getranscribeerd. 't Relatief groet belaank vaan 't Standaardkantonees maakde door de jaore heer de noed dao-aon ummer groet. Door zien aofwiekende klaanklier kin me evels neet veur allebei de dialekte perceis dezelfde fonologie gebruke. Toch höbbe ziech bij zoewel Mandarijn es Kantonees versjèllende analoog veranderinge voltrokke. </p><p>De ierste wiedverspreide standaard woort in 1888 door Britse missionaire oontwikkeld; me spraok langen tied vaan de <i>Kantonese standaardromanisatie</i>. Hun systeem woort in de jaore 1920 en 1930 verbeterd door twie Oosteriekse missionaire, Meyer en Wempe. Dees systeme gónge sterk oet vaan bestaonde transcripties veur 't Mandarijn, wie de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Gilestranscriptie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wade-Gilestranscriptie (nog neet aangemaak)">Wade-Gilestranscriptie</a></i>. Kinmerkend is tot de spraokklaanke /p, t, k/ ouch weure gesjreve es <p>, <t> en <k>; de geaspireerde variante (zuug bove) weure mèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apostrof (nog neet aangemaak)">apostrofe</a> gesjreve (<p'>, <t'>, <k'>). De lang vocaole, oonbekind in 't Mandarijn, sjreve dees twie geisteleke oet mèt dobbel lètterteikes (<aa> etc.). Zoe'n transcripties koume väöl awwer studente nog vertrojd veur; tot 1980 waore ze in de Westerse wereld gebrukelek. </p><p>De ierste transcriptie die economischer mèt 't Latiens alfabet umgóng waor de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaletranscriptie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaletranscriptie (nog neet aangemaak)">Yaletranscriptie</a>, in d'n Oorlog oontwikkeld aon de gelieknaomege Amerikaonse universiteit veur soldaote die in de Oos gónge vechte. Typisch veur de Yalesysteme is tot me veur 't iers <b>, <d> en <g> gebruuk veur stumloes plosieve, zoetot me <p>, <t> en <k> kós goon gebruke veur de geaspireerde variante en de apostrofe euverbojeg woorte. </p><p>Dit systeem waor ummer nog relatief umslechteg, umtot 't bepaolde typisch Kantonese versjèlle neet maakde. De klaank [y] (<i>uu</i>) beveurbeeld, in 't Mandarijn 'ne variant vaan /u/ (<i>oe</i>), woort mèt <yu> weergegeve. Um zoe'n probleme op te losse oontwikkelde me 't Kantonees pinyin (1971, Volksrippubliek) en 't Jyutping (1993, Hong Kong). </p><p>Typisch aon dees systeme is tot de lètter <y> veur de klaank /y/ weurt gebruuk, en de lètter <j> veur de klaank /j/. Mèt aander wäörd: de <i>j</i> weurt gebruuk wie in 't Nederlands (en Limbörgs), dewijl in awwer transcripties vaan 't Kantonees (en bekans alle systeme veur 't Mandarijn) de <i>j</i> op z'ch Ingels weurt oetgesproke. Ouch opvallend is tot de toene nog ummer mèt cieferkes weure aongegeve (<i>Jyut6ping3</i>), dewijl 't Mandarijn-pinyin dao accentteikes veur is goon gebruke. Umtot 't Mandarijn mer veer toene heet en 't Kantonees zeker zès, zouw 't gebruuk vaan accente in die lèste taol minder praktisch zien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bronne"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Veur dit artikel is gebruuk gemaak vaan de Ingelstaolege artikele <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yue_Chinese" class="extiw" title="en:Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese" class="extiw" title="en:Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" class="extiw" title="en:Cantonese phonology">Cantonese phonology</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese_grammar" class="extiw" title="en:Cantonese grammar">Cantonese grammar</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_Cantonese" class="extiw" title="en:Written Cantonese">Written Cantonese</a> en vaan de apaarte artikele euver de versjèllende romanisaties.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rifferenties">Rifferenties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Rifferenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rifferenties"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioc-ch.nl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7&Itemid=20">Inspraakorgaan Chinezen - Het ontstaan van de Chinese gemeenschap in Nederland</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extern_links">Extern links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Deilpagina bewirke: Extern links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewirk</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Extern links"><span>brón bewèrke</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="prettytable" style="float:right;width:250px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plaetje:Wikipedia-logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/45px-Wikipedia-logo.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/68px-Wikipedia-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/90px-Wikipedia-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td>'t Geuf 'n <b><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-yue:"> Kantonese editie</a></b> van <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, de vriej encyclopedie. </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Aafkomstig van Wikipedia, de Vriej Encyclopedie. "<a dir="ltr" href="https://li.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&oldid=426499">https://li.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kantonees&oldid=426499</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Categorie%C3%AB" title="Speciaal:Categorieë">Categorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Gesjreve_in_%27t_Mestreechs" title="Categorie:Gesjreve in 't Mestreechs">Gesjreve in 't Mestreechs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Sino-Tibetaanse_tale" title="Categorie:Sino-Tibetaanse tale">Sino-Tibetaanse tale</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dees pazjena is 't lèts verangerd op 14 mrt 2018, 11:39.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De teks is besjikbaar ónger de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Naomsvermelding/Geliek Deile</a> licentie. 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