CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head > <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">!function(){"use strict";function e(e){const t=e.match(/((?=([a-z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-z0-9._-]+\.[a-z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:""}function t(t){return e(a(t.toLowerCase()))}function a(e){return e.replace(/\s/g,"")}async function n(e){const t={sha256Hash:"",sha1Hash:""};if(!("msCrypto"in window)&&"https:"===location.protocol&&"crypto"in window&&"TextEncoder"in window){const a=(new TextEncoder).encode(e),[n,c]=await Promise.all([s("SHA-256",a),s("SHA-1",a)]);t.sha256Hash=n,t.sha1Hash=c}return t}async function s(e,t){const a=await crypto.subtle.digest(e,t);return Array.from(new Uint8Array(a)).map(e=>("00"+e.toString(16)).slice(-2)).join("")}function c(e){let t=!0;return Object.keys(e).forEach(a=>{0===e[a].length&&(t=!1)}),t}function i(e,t,a){e.splice(t,1);const n="?"+e.join("&")+a.hash;history.replaceState(null,"",n)}var o={checkEmail:e,validateEmail:t,trimInput:a,hashEmail:n,hasHashes:c,removeEmailAndReplaceHistory:i,detectEmails:async function(){const e=new URL(window.location.href),a=Array.from(e.searchParams.entries()).map(e=>`${e[0]}=${e[1]}`);let s,o;const r=["adt_eih","sh_kit"];if(a.forEach((e,t)=>{const a=decodeURIComponent(e),[n,c]=a.split("=");if("adt_ei"===n&&(s={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"url"}),r.includes(n)){o={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"sh_kit"===n?"urlhck":"urlh"}}}),s)t(s.value)&&n(s.value).then(e=>{if(c(e)){const t={value:e,created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(t)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",s.emsrc)}});else if(o){const e={value:{sha256Hash:o.value,sha1Hash:""},created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(e)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",o.emsrc)}s&&i(a,s.index,e),o&&i(a,o.index,e)},cb:"adthrive"};const{detectEmails:r,cb:l}=o;r()}(); </script><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <style data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> .adthrive-ad { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; overflow-x: visible; clear: both; line-height: 0; } /* Top Center White Background */ .adthrive-collapse-mobile-background { background-color: #fff!important; } .adthrive-top-collapse-close > svg > * { stroke: black; font-family: sans-serif; } /* END top center white background */</style> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> window.adthriveCLS = { enabledLocations: ['Content', 'Recipe'], injectedSlots: [], injectedFromPlugin: true, branch: '8b8437f',bucket: 'prod', }; window.adthriveCLS.siteAds = {"siteId":"640fcb188a755a2744d54c38","siteName":"HardwareSecrets","betaTester":false,"targeting":[{"value":"640fcb188a755a2744d54c38","key":"siteId"},{"value":"644ae4417e450d211bfca4d9","key":"organizationId"},{"value":"HardwareSecrets","key":"siteName"},{"value":"AdThrive Edge","key":"service"},{"value":"on","key":"bidding"},{"value":["Tech"],"key":"verticals"}],"breakpoints":{"tablet":768,"is_mobile_optimized":true,"desktop":1024},"adUnits":[{"sequence":1,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_1","sticky":false,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":".sidebar-primary > .widget","skip":1,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[160,600],[336,280],[320,50],[300,600],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,1050],[300,50],[300,420],[300,250]],"priority":299,"autosize":true},{"sequence":9,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_9","sticky":true,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":".sidebar-primary","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":".footer-widgets","adSizes":[[160,600],[336,280],[320,50],[300,600],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,1050],[300,50],[300,420],[300,250]],"priority":291,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop","tablet","phone"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.category","spacing":0,"max":3,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":".content > article:not(:last-of-type)","skip":1,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250],[1,2]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single","spacing":0.85,"max":4,"lazyMax":95,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".content .entry-content > *:not(h2):not(h3)","skip":2,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["tablet","phone"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single","spacing":0.85,"max":4,"lazyMax":95,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".content .entry-content > *:not(h2):not(h3)","skip":2,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Below Post"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop","tablet","phone"],"name":"Below_Post","sticky":false,"location":"Below Post","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0.85,"max":0,"lazyMax":99,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".comment-respond, comment-list > li","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforebegin","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,250],[970,250],[728,250]],"priority":99,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Footer"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["desktop","phone","tablet"],"name":"Footer","sticky":true,"location":"Footer","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"body","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[320,50],[320,100],[728,90],[970,90],[468,60],[1,1],[300,50]],"priority":-1,"autosize":true}],"adDensityLayout":{"mobile":{"adDensity":0.28,"onePerViewport":false},"pageOverrides":[],"desktop":{"adDensity":0.25,"onePerViewport":false}},"adDensityEnabled":true,"siteExperiments":[],"adTypes":{"sponsorTileDesktop":true,"interscrollerDesktop":true,"nativeBelowPostDesktop":true,"miniscroller":true,"largeFormatsMobile":true,"nativeMobileContent":true,"inRecipeRecommendationMobile":false,"nativeMobileRecipe":true,"sponsorTileMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsMobile":false,"outstreamMobile":true,"nativeHeaderMobile":true,"inRecipeRecommendationDesktop":false,"nativeDesktopContent":true,"outstreamDesktop":true,"animatedFooter":true,"expandableFooter":true,"nativeDesktopSidebar":true,"videoFootersMobile":true,"videoFootersDesktop":true,"interscroller":true,"nativeDesktopRecipe":true,"nativeHeaderDesktop":true,"nativeBelowPostMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsDesktop":false,"largeFormatsDesktop":true},"adOptions":{"theTradeDesk":true,"rtbhouse":true,"undertone":true,"sidebarConfig":{"dynamicStickySidebar":{"minHeight":1800,"enabled":true,"blockedSelectors":[]}},"footerCloseButton":true,"teads":true,"pmp":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":true,"sharethrough":true,"optimizeVideoPlayersForEarnings":true,"removeVideoTitleWrapper":true,"pubMatic":true,"infiniteScroll":false,"yahoossp":true,"improvedigital":true,"spa":false,"stickyContainerConfig":{"recipeDesktop":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"blockedSelectors":[],"stickyHeaderSelectors":[],"content":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"recipeMobile":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false}},"sonobi":true,"yieldmo":true,"footerSelector":"","amazonUAM":true,"gamMCMEnabled":true,"gamMCMChildNetworkCode":"22908859755","rubicon":true,"conversant":true,"openx":true,"customCreativeEnabled":true,"secColor":"#000000","unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"bRealTime":true,"adInViewTime":null,"gumgum":true,"comscoreFooter":true,"desktopInterstitial":true,"footerCloseButtonDesktop":false,"ozone":false,"isAutoOptimized":true,"adform":true,"comscoreTAL":true,"targetaff":false,"bgColor":"#FFFFFF","advancePlaylistOptions":{"playlistPlayer":{"enabled":true},"relatedPlayer":{"enabled":true,"applyToFirst":true}},"amazonASR":false,"kargo":true,"liveRampATS":true,"footerCloseButtonMobile":false,"interstitialBlockedPageSelectors":"","prioritizeShorterVideoAds":true,"allowSmallerAdSizes":true,"comscore":"Tech","wakeLock":{"desktopEnabled":true,"mobileValue":15,"mobileEnabled":true,"desktopValue":30},"mobileInterstitial":true,"tripleLift":true,"sensitiveCategories":["alc","cbd","conl","cosm","dat","drg","gamc","gamv","sst","ssr","srh","ske","tob","wtl"],"liveRamp":true,"adthriveEmailIdentity":true,"criteo":true,"nativo":true,"infiniteScrollOptions":{"selector":"","heightThreshold":0},"siteAttributes":{"mobileHeaderSelectors":[],"desktopHeaderSelectors":[]},"dynamicContentSlotLazyLoading":true,"clsOptimizedAds":true,"ogury":true,"aidem":true,"verticals":["Tech"],"inImage":false,"usCMP":{"enabled":false,"regions":[]},"advancePlaylist":true,"flipp":true,"delayLoading":false,"inImageZone":null,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"liveRampId":"","infiniteScrollRefresh":false,"indexExchange":true},"featureRollouts":{"erp":{"featureRolloutId":19,"data":null,"enabled":false}},"videoPlayers":{"contextual":{"autoplayCollapsibleEnabled":false,"overrideEmbedLocation":false,"defaultPlayerType":"static"},"videoEmbed":"wordpress","footerSelector":"","contentSpecificPlaylists":[],"players":[{"playlistId":"ZElpYR4V","pageSelector":"body.single","devices":["desktop"],"description":"","skip":1,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"formattedType":"Sticky Playlist","elementSelector":".content .entry-content > p","id":4081853,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":false,"adPlayerTitle":"MY LATEST VIDEOS","mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"R0o2dJKk"},{"playlistId":"ZElpYR4V","pageSelector":"","devices":["mobile","desktop"],"description":"","skip":0,"title":"Stationary related player - desktop and mobile","type":"stationaryRelated","enabled":true,"formattedType":"Stationary Related","elementSelector":"","id":4081851,"position":"","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":false,"adPlayerTitle":"Stationary related player - desktop and mobile","playerId":"R0o2dJKk"},{"playlistId":"ZElpYR4V","pageSelector":"body.single","devices":["mobile"],"mobileLocation":"top-center","description":"","skip":1,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"formattedType":"Sticky Playlist","elementSelector":".content .entry-content > p","id":4081852,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":false,"adPlayerTitle":"MY LATEST VIDEOS","mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"R0o2dJKk"}],"partners":{"theTradeDesk":true,"unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"undertone":true,"gumgum":true,"adform":true,"pmp":true,"kargo":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":false,"stickyOutstream":{"desktop":{"enabled":true},"blockedPageSelectors":"","mobileLocation":"bottom-left","allowOnHomepage":true,"mobile":{"enabled":true},"saveVideoCloseState":false,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"allowForPageWithStickyPlayer":{"enabled":true}},"sharethrough":true,"tripleLift":true,"pubMatic":true,"criteo":true,"yahoossp":true,"nativo":true,"improvedigital":true,"aidem":true,"yieldmo":true,"amazonUAM":true,"rubicon":true,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"openx":true,"indexExchange":true}}};</script> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> (function(w, d) { w.adthrive = w.adthrive || {}; w.adthrive.cmd = w.adthrive.cmd || []; w.adthrive.plugin = 'adthrive-ads-3.6.2'; w.adthrive.host = 'ads.adthrive.com'; w.adthrive.integration = 'plugin'; var commitParam = (w.adthriveCLS && w.adthriveCLS.bucket !== 'prod' && w.adthriveCLS.branch) ? '&commit=' + w.adthriveCLS.branch : ''; var s = d.createElement('script'); s.async = true; s.referrerpolicy='no-referrer-when-downgrade'; s.src = 'https://' + w.adthrive.host + '/sites/640fcb188a755a2744d54c38/ads.min.js?referrer=' + w.encodeURIComponent(w.location.href) + commitParam + '&cb=' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1) + ''; var n = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); })(window, document); </script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/" crossorigin>  <title>Understanding RAM Timings - Hardware Secrets</title> <meta name="description" content="A detailed 2022 guide with examples of RAM Speed vs. RAM Timings and all of the factors that impact RAM performance." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Understanding RAM Timings - Hardware Secrets" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A detailed 2022 guide with examples of RAM Speed vs. RAM Timings and all of the factors that impact RAM performance." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Hardware Secrets" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-05-12T08:13:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-04-24T08:16:18+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Mike S." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Mike S." /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="13 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/"},"author":{"name":"Mike S.","@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#/schema/person/d88277b99d007b26d30d5aec2a278f54"},"headline":"Understanding RAM Timings","datePublished":"2022-05-12T08:13:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-24T08:16:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/"},"wordCount":2674,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg","keywords":["Tutorials"],"articleSection":["Memory"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/","url":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/","name":"Understanding RAM Timings - Hardware Secrets","isPartOf":{"@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg","datePublished":"2022-05-12T08:13:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-24T08:16:18+00:00","description":"A detailed 2022 guide with examples of RAM Speed vs. RAM Timings and all of the factors that impact RAM performance.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#primaryimage","url":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg","contentUrl":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg","width":800,"height":600},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Understanding RAM Timings"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#website","url":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/","name":"Hardware Secrets","description":"Uncomplicating the complicated","publisher":{"@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#organization","name":"Hardware Secrets","url":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/cropped-cropped-hardwaresecrets-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/cropped-cropped-hardwaresecrets-logo.jpg","width":720,"height":192,"caption":"Hardware Secrets"},"image":{"@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#/schema/logo/image/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#/schema/person/d88277b99d007b26d30d5aec2a278f54","name":"Mike S.","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3e08fd0429baeeebfd6284903c9b0c8b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3e08fd0429baeeebfd6284903c9b0c8b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Mike S."},"url":"http://hardwaresecrets.com/author/clientadministrator/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//code.ionicframework.com' /> <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com' rel='preconnect' /> <link href='//fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin='' rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Hardware Secrets » Feed" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Hardware Secrets » Comments Feed" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Hardware Secrets » Understanding RAM Timings Comments Feed" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='agent-focused-pro-css' href='http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/5a781c898428d09391739e2d7d950bb2.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--accent: #67ddab;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #566473;--wp--preset--color--footer: #2c333c;--wp--preset--color--almost-black: #111;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 12px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 24px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 16px;--wp--preset--font-size--larger: 30px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/ee7351bd00c1054d479737d726aa6544.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro%3A300%2C400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic&display=swap&ver=2.0.0" /><link rel='stylesheet' id='agent-focused-pro-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro%3A300%2C400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic&display=swap&ver=2.0.0' type='text/css' media='print' onload='this.media="all"' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wphb-1-css' href='http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/b2b66190613583b5dc2401b23901731b.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wphb-1-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Adds accent color. */ .has-accent-color { color: #67ddab !important; } .has-accent-background-color { background-color: #67ddab !important; } /* Adds secondary color. */ .has-secondary-color { color: #566473 !important; } .has-secondary-background-color { background-color: #566473 !important; } /* Adds footer color. */ .has-footer-color { color: #2c333c !important; } .has-footer-background-color { background-color: #2c333c !important; } /* Adds white color. */ .has-white-color { color: #fff !important; } .has-white-background-color { background-color: #fff !important; } /* Adds almost black color. */ .has-almost-black-color { color: #111 !important; } .has-almost-black-background-color { background-color: #111 !important; } /* AB Blocks */ .entry-content .ab-block-post-grid header .ab-block-post-grid-title a:focus, .entry-content .ab-block-post-grid header .ab-block-post-grid-title a:hover { color: #67ddab !important; } .ab-block-post-grid a.ab-text-link { color: #67ddab; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/85292e705d2d2c38209a5764b7b65efd.js" id="wphb-2-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1748" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='http://hardwaresecrets.com/?p=1748' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhardwaresecrets.com%2Funderstanding-ram-timings%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhardwaresecrets.com%2Funderstanding-ram-timings%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="robots" content="noai, noimageai"> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <style> .no-js img.lazyload { display: none; } figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading { min-width: 150px; } .lazyload, .lazyloading { opacity: 0; } .lazyloaded { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 400ms; transition-delay: 0ms; } </style> <link rel="icon" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/themes/agent-focused-pro/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="pingback" href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/xmlrpc.php" /> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-disable-ads-8b8437f'>var cls_disable_ads=function(t){"use strict";window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2025-03-28";const e="Content",i="Recipe";const s=new class{info(t,e,...i){this.call(console.info,t,e,...i)}warn(t,e,...i){this.call(console.warn,t,e,...i)}error(t,e,...i){this.call(console.error,t,e,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(t,e,...i)}event(t,e,...i){var s;"debug"===(null==(s=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:s.bucket)&&this.info(t,e)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(t,e,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(t,e,i)}))}call(t,e,i,...s){const o=[`%c${e}::${i} `],a=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];s.length>0&&"string"==typeof s[0]&&o.push(s.shift()),a.push(...s);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(t,console,[o.join(""),...a])}catch(t){return void console.error(t)}}},o=t=>{const e=window.location.href;return t.some((t=>new RegExp(t,"i").test(e)))};class a{checkCommandQueue(){this.adthrive&&this.adthrive.cmd&&this.adthrive.cmd.forEach((t=>{const e=t.toString(),i=this.extractAPICall(e,"disableAds");i&&this.disableAllAds(this.extractPatterns(i));const s=this.extractAPICall(e,"disableContentAds");s&&this.disableContentAds(this.extractPatterns(s));const o=this.extractAPICall(e,"disablePlaylistPlayers");o&&this.disablePlaylistPlayers(this.extractPatterns(o))}))}extractPatterns(t){const e=t.match(/["'](.*?)['"]/g);if(null!==e)return e.map((t=>t.replace(/["']/g,"")))}extractAPICall(t,e){const i=new RegExp(e+"\$(.*?)\$","g"),s=t.match(i);return null!==s&&s[0]}disableAllAds(t){t&&!o(t)||(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_page"))}disableContentAds(t){t&&!o(t)||(this.content=!0,this.recipe=!0,this.locations.add(e),this.locations.add(i),this.reasons.add("content_plugin"))}disablePlaylistPlayers(t){t&&!o(t)||(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_page"))}urlHasEmail(t){if(!t)return!1;return null!==/([A-Z0-9._%+-]+(@|%(25)*40)[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,})/i.exec(t)}constructor(t){this.adthrive=t,this.all=!1,this.content=!1,this.recipe=!1,this.video=!1,this.locations=new Set,this.reasons=new Set,(this.urlHasEmail(window.location.href)||this.urlHasEmail(window.document.referrer))&&(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_email"));try{this.checkCommandQueue(),null!==document.querySelector(".tag-novideo")&&(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_tag"))}catch(t){s.error("ClsDisableAds","checkCommandQueue",t)}}}const n=window.adthriveCLS;return n&&(n.disableAds=new a(window.adthrive)),t.ClsDisableAds=a,t}({}); </script> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> body { font-size: 21px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; } .site-header { background-color: #ffffff; } @media only screen and (min-width: 980px) { .nav-primary .genesis-nav-menu > li > a { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: .7px; margin: 0 8px; padding: 18px 0; color: #333; font-weight: 600; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 980px){ .site-inner, .wrap { max-width: 1200px; margin-bottom: 50px; } } h2 { font-size: 36px; margin-bottom: 30px; font-weight: 700; } h3 { font-size: 26px; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 20px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px){ .entry { padding: 10px 0; } } .site-inner { background-color: #fff; clear: both; padding: 10px; } .breadcrumb { margin: 0 0px 0px; } .entry { margin-bottom: 30px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .entry-title { font-size: 34px; margin-bottom: 24px; font-weight: 700; } h2 { font-size: 30px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-weight: 700; } h3 { font-size: 24px; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 20px; } } .menu-toggle { color: #333; } .menu-toggle::before, .menu-toggle.activated::before { color: #333; } .archive .entry, .blog .entry { margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px 0 0px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 980px){ .site-inner, .wrap { margin-bottom: 30px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 980px){ .nav-primary { padding-top: 10px; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 680px){ .entry-title { font-size: 40px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.1em; } } .genesis-nav-menu a { color: #333; } /*Bogdan Table CSS Code*/ /*http://hardwaresecrets.com/amd-radeon-hd-7850-video-card-review/*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.table-bogdan-1 { font-size: 16px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.table-bogdan-2 { font-size: 16px!important; } } /*http://hardwaresecrets.com/gigabyte-geforce-gtx-650-ti-gv-n65toc-2gi-video-card-review/*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.table-bogdan-gtx650 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.table-bogdan-gtx650-2 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-i3-7100 { font-size: 11px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-i3-7100 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.Table-hws1-1-Kingston-A400-120-GiB-SSD { font-size: 12px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table-hws1-2-Kingston-A400-120-GiB-SSD { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-Kingston-A400-120-GiB-SSD { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-1-Kingston-A400-120-GiB-SSD { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-2-Kingston-A400-120-GiB-SSD { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-nvidia-geforce-chips-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-nvidia-geforce-chips-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-1-nvidia-geforce-chips-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws3-1-nvidia-geforce-chips-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-sandisk-ssd-plus-240-gib { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-sandisk-ssd-plus-240-gib { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-1-sandisk-ssd-plus-240-gib { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-2-sandisk-ssd-plus-240-gib { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-3-sandisk-ssd-plus-240-gib { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-samsung-960-pro-512-gib-ssd { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-samsung-960-pro-512-gib-ssd { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-1-samsung-960-pro-512-gib-ssd { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-2-samsung-960-pro-512-gib-ssd { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-1-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws2-2-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws3-1-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws3-2-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws4-1-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws4-2-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws5-1-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws5-2-audio-codec-comparison-table { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hs1-1-asus-radeon-rx-560 { font-size: 12px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hs1-2-asus-radeon-rx-560 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hs1-3-asus-radeon-rx-560 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hs1-4-asus-radeon-rx-560 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-pentium-g4600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-pentium-g4600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-pentium-g4600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-pentium-g4600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-gigabyte-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-gigabyte-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-gigabyte-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-wd-green-120gib-ssd { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-wd-green-120gib-ssd { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-geforce-1070-ti font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-geforce-1070-ti { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-geforce-1070-ti { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-a8-9600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-a8-9600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-a8-9600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-a8-9600-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-foxconn-a88gm-deluxe-motherboard { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-foxconn-a88gm-deluxe-motherboard { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-5-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-6-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-7-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-8-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-9-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-10-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-11-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-12-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-13-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-14-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-15-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-16-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-17-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-18-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-19-geforce-gt440-512 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-cooler-master-extreme-power-plus-600-w-power-supply-review { font-size: 13px!important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-cooler-master-extreme-power-plus-600-w-power-supply-review { font-size: 13px!important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-cooler-master-extreme-power-plus-600-w-power-supply-review { font-size: 13px!important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-cooler-master-extreme-power-plus-600-w-power-supply-review { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-centrino-platform { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-centrino-platform { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-coffee-lake-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-coffee-lake-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-gigabyte-geforce-gtx-950-video-card-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-gigabyte-geforce-gtx-950-video-card-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-gigabyte-geforce-gtx-950-video-card-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-phenom-ii-x4-840-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-phenom-ii-x4-840-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-phenom-ii-x4-840-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-phenom-ii-x4-840-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-ryzen-5-2400g-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-ryzen-5-2400g-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-ryzen-5-2400g-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-ryzen-5-2400g-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws-1-1-celeron-g3930-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws-1-2-celeron-g3930-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws-1-3-celeron-g3930-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws-1-4-celeron-g3930-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws-1-5-celeron-g3930-cpu-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-core-i5-7400-cpu-by-intel-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-core-i5-7400-cpu-by-intel-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-core-i5-7400-cpu-by-intel-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-core-i5-7400-cpu-by-intel-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-5-core-i5-7400-cpu-by-intel-review { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-5-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-6-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-7-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-8-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-9-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-10-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-11-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-12-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-13-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-14-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-15-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-16-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-17-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-18-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-19-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-20-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-21-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-22-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-23-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-24-all-core-i5-models { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-320-gb-hard-disk-drive-round-up { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-320-gb-hard-disk-drive-round-up { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-asus-sarbertooth-z77-motherboard { font-size: 12px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-asus-sarbertooth-z77-motherboard { font-size: 12px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-asus-sarbertooth-z77-motherboard { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-1-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-5-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-6-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-7-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-8-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-9-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-10-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-11-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-8-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-10-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-11-all-celeron-models { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-ryzen-7-2700x-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-ryzen-7-2700x-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-ryzen-7-2700x-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-ryzen-7-2700x-cpu { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-xfx-radeon-rx-470 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-xfx-radeon-rx-470 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-xfx-radeon-rx-470 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-intel-hd-640-vs-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-intel-hd-640-vs-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-intel-hd-640-vs-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-4-intel-hd-640-vs-geforce-gt-1030 { font-size: 14px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-1-p8z77-vpro-motherboard { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-2-p8z77-vpro-motherboard { font-size: 13px!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1200px) { .wp-block-table.hws1-3-p8z77-vpro-motherboard { font-size: 13px!important; } } </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-1748 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive header-full-width content-sidebar genesis-breadcrumbs-visible genesis-footer-widgets-visible"><div class="site-container"><ul class="genesis-skip-link"><li><a href="#genesis-nav-primary" class="screen-reader-shortcut"> Skip to primary navigation</a></li><li><a href="#genesis-content" class="screen-reader-shortcut"> Skip to main content</a></li><li><a href="#genesis-sidebar-primary" class="screen-reader-shortcut"> Skip to primary sidebar</a></li><li><a href="#genesis-footer-widgets" class="screen-reader-shortcut"> Skip to footer</a></li></ul><header class="site-header"><div class="wrap"><div class="title-area"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="720" height="192" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/cropped-cropped-hardwaresecrets-logo.jpg" class="custom-logo" alt="Hardware Secrets" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/cropped-cropped-hardwaresecrets-logo.jpg 720w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/cropped-cropped-hardwaresecrets-logo-300x80.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></a><p class="site-title">Hardware Secrets</p><p class="site-description">Uncomplicating the complicated</p></div><nav class="nav-primary" aria-label="Main" id="genesis-nav-primary"><ul id="menu-primary-nav" class="menu genesis-nav-menu menu-primary js-superfish"><li id="menu-item-182796" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182796"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/case/"><span >Case</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182797"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/cooling/"><span >Cooling</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-182798"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/memory/"><span >Memory</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-182799"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/mobile/"><span >Mobile</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-182800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182800"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/laptops/"><span >Laptops</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182801"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/smartphones/"><span >Smartphones</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182802"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/tablets/"><span >Tablets</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-182803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182803"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/motherboard/"><span >Motherboard</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182804" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182804"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/networking/"><span >Networking</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-182805"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/other/"><span >Other</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-182806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182806"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/audio/"><span >Audio</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182807"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/cameras/"><span >Cameras</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182808"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/consumer-electronics/"><span >Consumer Electronics</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182809"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/desktops/"><span >Desktops</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182810"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/museum/"><span >Museum</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182811"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/software/"><span >Software</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182812"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/tradeshows/"><span >Tradeshows & Events</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-182816" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-182816"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/peripherals/"><span >Peripherals</span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-182813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182813"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/headset/"><span >Headset</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182814"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/keyboard/"><span >Keyboard</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182815" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182815"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/mouse/"><span >Mouse</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182817"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/printers/"><span >Printers</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-182818" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182818"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/power/"><span >Power</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-182819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182819"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/storage/"><span >Storage</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-188443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-188443"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/category/technology/"><span >Technology</span></a></li> </ul></nav></div></header><div class="large-featured"><div class="large-entry-image lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url( http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg )"></div></div><div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content" id="genesis-content"><div class="breadcrumb"><span><span><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/">Home</a></span> » <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Understanding RAM Timings</span></span></div><article class="post-1748 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-memory tag-tutorials entry" aria-label="Understanding RAM Timings"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Understanding RAM Timings</h1> </header><div class="entry-content"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">RAM Speed</h2> <p>DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 RAM memories are classified according to the maximum speed at which they can work, as well as their timings. <strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Random Access Memory</a> Timings</strong> are numbers such as 3-4-4-8, 5-5-5-15, 7-7-7-21, or 9-9-9-24, the lower the better. In this tutorial, we will explain exactly what each one of these RAM Timings means.</p> <p>DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 Ram memories follow the DDRxxx/PCyyyy classification. By the way, if you are interested in knowing the difference between DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 RAM memories, <a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-ddr-ddr2-and-ddr3-memories/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">read our tutorial on this subject</a>.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How to understand the RAM classifications?</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">The first classification</h3> <p>The first number, xxx, indicates the maximum clock speed that the memory chips support. For instance, DDR400 memories work at 400 MHz at the most, DDR2-800 can work up to 800 MHz, and DDR3-1333 can work up to 1,333 MHz. It is important to note that this is not the real clock speed of the memory. The real clock of the DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 memories is half of the labeled clock speed. Therefore DDR400 memories work at 200 MHz, DDR2-800 memories work at 400 MHz, and DDR3-1333 memories work at 666 MHz.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">The second classification</h3> <p>The second number indicates the maximum transfer rate that the memory reaches, in MB/s. DDR400 memories transfer data at 3,200 MB/s at the most, and hence they are labeled as PC3200. DDR2-800 memories transfer data at 6,400 MB/s and they are labeled as PC2-6400. And DDR3-1333 memories can transfer data at 10,664 MB/s and they are labeled as PC3-10600 or PC3-10666. As you can see, we use the number “2” or “3” after “DDR” or “PC” to indicate that we are talking about a DDR2 or DDR3 memory, not DDR.</p> <p>The first classification, DDRxxx, is the standard used to classify memory chips, while the second classification, PCyyyy, is the standard used to classify memory modules. In Figure 1, you can see a PC3-10666 memory module, which uses DDR3-1333 memory chips. Pay attention to the RAM timings (7-7-7-18) and voltage (1.5 V).</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How to calculate the maximum transfer rate for a memory module?</h2> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="225" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011-300x225.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-183401 lazyload" data-srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011-300x225.jpg 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011-768x576.jpg 768w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011.jpg 800w" data-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300/225;" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="300" height="225" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011-300x225.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-183401" srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011-300x225.jpg 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011-768x576.jpg 768w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_011.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Figure 1: </strong>A DDR3-1333/PC3-10666 memory module</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The maximum transfer rate for a memory module can be calculated through the following formula:</p> <p>Maximum Theoretical Transfer Rate = clock x number of bits / 8</p> <p>Since DIMM modules transfer 64 bits at a time, “number of bits” will be 64. As 64 / 8 equals 8, we can simplify this formula to:</p> <p>Maximum Theoretical Transfer Rate = clock x 8</p> <p>If the memory module is installed on a system where the memory bus is running at a lower clock rate, the maximum transfer rate the memory module will achieve will be lower than its theoretical maximum transfer rate. Actually, this is a very common misjudgment.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How do RAM memories work?</h3> <p>For example, let’s say that you bought a pair of DDR3-2133/PC3-17000 RAMs. Even though they are labeled as DDR3-2133, they won’t run at 2,133 MHz automatically on your system. This is the maximum clock rate they support, not the clock rate at which they will be running.</p> <p>If you install it on a regular PC system supporting DDR3 RAM memories, they will probably run at 1,333 MHz (DDR3-1333) – which the maximum DDR3 RAM standard speed –, achieving a maximum transfer rate of 10,664 MB/s (or 21,328 MB/s if they are running under dual channel mode, <a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-dual-triple-and-quad-channel-memory-architectures/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">read our tutorial on dual channel to understand more about this subject</a>). So, they won’t automatically run at 2,133 MHz nor automatically achieve the 17,000 MB/s transfer rate.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Why should or shouldn’t you buy these modules?</h3> <p>So, why would someone buy these modules? Someone would buy them for overclocking. Since the manufacturer guarantees that these modules will run up to 2,133 MHz, you know that you can raise the memory bus clock up to 1,066 MHz to achieve a higher performance with your system. However, your motherboard must support this kind of overclocking (<a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/memory-overclocking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">read our tutorial on memory overclocking for more details</a>). Thus buying a memory module with a labeled clock rate higher than what your system supports is useless if you are not going to overclock your system.</p> <p>For the average user, that is everything you need to know about DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 memories. For the advanced user, there is yet another characteristic: the temporization of the memory, a.k.a. timings or latency. Let’s talk about it.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">RAM Timings</h2> <p>Because of timings, two memory modules with the same theoretical maximum transfer rate can achieve different performance levels. Why is this possible if both are running at the same clock rate?</p> <p>Timings measure the time the memory chip delays doing something internally. Here is an example. Consider the most famous parameter, which is called CAS Latency (or CL or “access time”) that tells us how many clock cycles the memory module will delay in returning data requested by the CPU.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Understanding CL Memory Modules</h3> <p>A memory module with a CL 9 will delay nine clock cycles to deliver a requested data, whereas a memory module with a CL 7 will delay seven clock cycles to deliver it. While both modules may run at the same clock rate, the second one will be faster, as it will deliver data sooner than the first one. This issue is known as “latency.” As you can see in Figure 1, the module portrayed there has a CL of 7.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">RAM timings explained</h3> <p>The RAM timings are given through a series of numbers; for instance, 4-4-4-8, 5-5-5-15, 7-7-7-21, or 9-9-9-24. These numbers indicate the amount of clock cycles that it takes the memory to perform a certain operation. The smaller the number, the faster the memory. The memory module portrayed in Figure 1 has 7-7-7-18 timings, while the memory module portrayed in Figure 2 has 8-8-8-24 timings.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021-300x225.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-183402 lazyload" data-srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021-300x225.jpg 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021-768x576.jpg 768w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg 800w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300/225;" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021-300x225.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-183402" srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021-300x225.jpg 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021-768x576.jpg 768w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_021.jpg 800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Figure 2: </strong>A DDR3-1600/PC3-12800 memory module with 8-8-8-24 timings</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The operations that these numbers indicate are the following: CL-tRCD-tRP-tRAS-CMD. To understand them, bear in mind that the memory is internally organized as a matrix. This is where the data are stored at the intersection of the lines and columns.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>CL: CAS Latency. The time it takes between a command having been sent to the memory and when it begins to reply to it. It is the time it takes between the processor asking for some data from the memory and then returning it.</li> <li>tRCD: RAS to CAS Delay. The time it takes between the activation of the line (RAS) and the column (CAS) where the data are stored in the matrix.</li> <li>tRP: RAS Precharge. The time it takes between disabling the access to a line of data and the beginning of the access to another line of data.</li> <li>tRAS: Active to Precharge Delay. How long the memory has to wait until the next access to the memory can be initiated.</li> <li>CMD: Command Rate. The time it takes between the memory chip having been activated and when the first command may be sent to the memory. Sometimes this value is not announced. It usually is T1 (1 clock cycle) or T2 (2 clock cycles).</li> </ul> <p>Usually, you have two options. The first one is to configure your PC to use the memory standard RAM timings, usually by setting memory configuration to “Auto” on the motherboard setup. The second one is to manually configure your PC to use lower memory timings. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Motherboard Timings</h3> <p>Notice that not all motherboards allow you to change the memory timings. Also, some motherboards may not be able to run at very low timings, and they may configure your memory module to run at a higher timing setting because of this.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031-300x225.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-183403 lazyload" data-srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031-300x225.jpg 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031-768x576.jpg 768w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031.jpg 800w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300/225;" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031-300x225.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-183403" srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031-300x225.jpg 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031-768x576.jpg 768w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_031.jpg 800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Figure 3: </strong>Configuration of memory timings at the motherboard setup</figcaption></figure></div> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How does overclocking work?</h3> <p>When overclocking your memory, you may need to increase the memory timings in order to make the system run in a stable manner. Here is where something very interesting happens. Due to the increased timings, the memory may achieve a lower performance, even though it is now configured to run at a higher clock rate, due to the latency that was introduced.</p> <p>That is another advantage of memory modules sold specifically for overclocking. The manufacturer, besides guaranteeing that your memory module will achieve the labeled clock rate, also guarantees that you will be able to keep the labeled timings up to the labeled clock.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">To understand things easier.</h3> <p>For example, even though you may achieve 1,600 MHz (800 MHz x2) with DDR3-1333/PC3-10600 modules, on these modules it may be necessary to increase the memory timings, while on DDR3-1600/PC3-12800 ones the manufacturer guarantees that you will be able to achieve 1,600 MHz keeping the labeled timings.</p> <p>Now we are going a step further as we will explain in detail each one of the memory timing parameters.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">CAS Latency (CL) Impact on RAM Speed</h2> <p>As previously mentioned, CAS Latency (CL) is the best known memory parameter. It tells us how many clock cycles the memory will delay returning the requested data. A memory with CL = 7 will delay seven clock cycles to deliver data, while a memory with CL = 9 will delay nine clock cycles to perform the same operation. Thus, for two memory modules running at the same clock rate, the one with the lowest CL will be faster.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">A direct example</h3> <p>Notice that the clock rate here is the real clock rate under which the memory module is running – i.e., half the rated clock rate. As DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 RAM memories can deliver two data per clock cycle, they are rated with double their real clock rate.</p> <p>In Figure 4, you can see how CL works. We gave two examples, a memory module with CL = 7 and a memory module with CL = 9. The command in blue would be a “read” command.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_041-300x174.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-183404 lazyload" data-srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_041-300x174.gif 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_041-768x446.gif 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300/174;" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_041-300x174.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-183404" srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_041-300x174.gif 300w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/hs_DDR3Timings_041-768x446.gif 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Figure 4: </strong>CAS Latency (CL)</figcaption></figure></div> <p>A memory with CL = 7 will provide a 22.2% improvement on memory latency over a memory with CL = 9, considering that both are running at the same clock rate.</p> <p>You can even calculate the time the memory delays until it starts delivering data. The period of each clock cycle can be easily calculated through the formula:</p> <p>T = 1 / f</p> <p>Thus, the period of each clock cycle of a DDR3-1333 RAM memory running at 1333 MHz (666.66 MHz clock) would be 1.5 ns (ns = nanosecond; 1 ns = 0.000000001 s). Keep in mind that you need to use the real clock rate, which is half of the labeled clock rate. So, this DDR3-1333 memory would delay 10.5 ns to start delivering data if it had CL =7, or 13.5 ns if it had CL = 9, for example.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Burst Mode explained</h3> <p>SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 RAM memories implement burst mode, where data stored in the next addresses can exit the memory at only one clock cycle. So, while the first data would delay CL clock cycles to exit the memory, the next data would be delivered right after. The prior data that has just come out from the memory, doesn’t have to wait for another CL cycle. Also, DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 memories deliver two data per clock cycle, and that is why they are labeled as having twice their real clock rate.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">RAS to CAS Delay (tRCD) Impact on RAM Speed</h2> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_051-300x224.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-183406 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300/224;" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_051-300x224.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-183406"/></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Figure 5: </strong>RAS to CAS Delay (tRCD)</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Each memory chip is organized internally as a matrix. At the intersection of each row and column, we have a small capacitor that is in charge of storing a “0” or a “1” – the data. Inside the memory, the process of accessing the stored data is accomplished by first activating the row and then the column where it is located.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">RAS and CAS</h3> <p>This activation is done by two control signals called RAS (Row Address Strobe) and CAS (Column Address Strobe). The less time there is between these two signals the better, as the data will be read sooner. RAS to CAS Delay or tRCD measures this time. In Figure 5 we illustrate this, showing a memory with tRCD = 3.</p> <p>As you can see, RAS to CAS Delay is also the number of clock cycles taken between the “Active” command and a “read” or “write” command.</p> <p>As with CAS Latency, RAS to CAS Delay works with the memory real clock (which is half of the labeled clock). The lower this parameter, the faster the memory will be, as it will start reading or writing data earlier.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">RAS Precharged (tRP) Impact on RAM Speed</h2> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="115" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_061-300x115.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-183405 lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300/115;" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="115" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/26_061-300x115.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-183405"/></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Figure 6: </strong>RAS Precharged (tRP)</figcaption></figure></div> <p>After data is gathered from the memory, a command called Precharge needs to be issued, closi<br>ng the memory row that was being used and allowing a new row to be activated. RAS Precharge time (tRP) is the time taken between when the Precharge command and the next Active command can be issued. As we learned from the previous page, the Active command starts a read or write cycle.</p> <p>In Figure 6, we are giving an example of a memory with tRP = 3.</p> <p>As with the other parameters, RAS Precharge works with the memory real clock (which is half of the labeled clock). The lower this parameter, the faster the memory will be, as it will issue the Active command earlier.</p> <p>Adding everything we’ve seen, the time elapsed between issuing the Precharge command and actually getting the data will be tRP + tRCD + CL.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Other Parameters Impacting RAM Timings</h2> <p>Let’s take a better look at the other two parameters, Active to Precharge Delay (tRAS) and Command Rate (CMD). As with the other parameters, these two parameters work with the memory real clock (which is half of the memory labeled clock). The lower these parameters, the faster the memory will be.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Active to Precharge Delay (tRAS): After an Active command is issued, another Precharge command cannot be issued until tRAS has elapsed. So, this parameter limits when the memory can start reading (or writing) a different row.</li> <li>Command Rate (CMD): It is the time taken by the memory chip from being activated (through its CS – Chip Select – pin) and when any command can be issued to the memory. This parameter carries the letter “T” with it. Possible values are 1T or 2T, meaning one clock cycle or two clock cycles, respectively.</li> </ul> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Frequently Asked Questions</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How fast should RAM be for a gaming PC?</h3> <p>For gaming, we recommend RAM modules that are as fast as possible, for obvious reasons. For starters, video games these days not only take up quite a lot of the RAM but also separate that data. This is why you’ll need your RAM to access everything as quickly as possible for a seamless experience. You should go for dual-channel DDR4 or DDR5 RAM with a frequency of 3,000 MHz or more. Those modules can get quite expensive, but it’s way better than experiencing bottlenecks during intense gameplay sequences. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Do timings matter on RAM?</h3> <p>Overall, we certainly found that if you dig deep enough, you’ll discover that timings definitely matter. It won’t impact every game or application. However, it does make sense to at least consider timings when buying RAM, especially if you can get better timings. With that said, we only recommend buying RAM from trusted brands and from trusted retailers. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">2 Reasons why your warranty can be voided.</h3> <p>Even if a RAM module’s warranty lasts a lifetime in theory, in practice that warranty can be easily voided. This could happen from two factors. First, if someone has tampered with the module in the past the warranty will be voided. Second, if there’s too much goo or liquid present on it the same thing will happen.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Is RAM speed limited by CPU?</h3> <p>Actually, it is the combination of CPU and motherboard which limits DIMM speed. DIMM speed will only go as high as the lower of the speed limits between the CPU and motherboard. For example, a CPU may support speed up to 1600 while a motherboard supports speeds up to 2400. However, DIMMs will go up to 1600. In short, your computer is only as fast as its weakest component.</p>  </div><footer class="entry-footer"></footer></article><h2 class="screen-reader-text">Reader Interactions</h2> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/understanding-ram-timings/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" autocomplete="name" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" autocomplete="email" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200" autocomplete="url" /></p> <p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"><input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes" /> <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label></p> <p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='1748' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="da199a558f" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="79"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </main><aside class="sidebar sidebar-primary widget-area" role="complementary" aria-label="Primary Sidebar" id="genesis-sidebar-primary"><h2 class="genesis-sidebar-title screen-reader-text">Primary Sidebar</h2><section id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><div class="widget-wrap"><form class="search-form" method="get" action="http://hardwaresecrets.com/" role="search"><label class="search-form-label screen-reader-text" for="searchform-1">Search this website</label><input class="search-form-input" type="search" name="s" id="searchform-1" placeholder="Search this website"><input class="search-form-submit" type="submit" value="Search"><meta content="http://hardwaresecrets.com/?s={s}"></form></div></section> <section id="featured-post-2" class="widget featured-content featuredpost"><div class="widget-wrap"><article class="post-188903 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail sticky category-networking category-peripherals category-technology entry" aria-label="Fiber Optic Cables – A Comprehensive Guide On Technology, Types, Connectors, And More"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/fiber-optic-cables-a-comprehensive-guide-on-technology-types-connectors-and-more/" class="aligncenter" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img width="150" height="150" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-from-rawpixel-id-5941552-jpeg-150x150.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post lazyload" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-from-rawpixel-id-5941552-jpeg-150x150.jpg 150w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-from-rawpixel-id-5941552-jpeg-460x460.jpg 460w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 150px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 150/150;" /><noscript><img width="150" height="150" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-from-rawpixel-id-5941552-jpeg-150x150.jpg" class="entry-image attachment-post" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-from-rawpixel-id-5941552-jpeg-150x150.jpg 150w, http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-from-rawpixel-id-5941552-jpeg-460x460.jpg 460w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></noscript></a><header class="entry-header"><h4 class="entry-title"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/fiber-optic-cables-a-comprehensive-guide-on-technology-types-connectors-and-more/">Fiber Optic Cables – A Comprehensive Guide On Technology, Types, Connectors, And More</a></h4></header><div class="entry-content"><p>Fiber optic cables are seen as a premium way of cabled-based communication systems; (spoiler alert)</p></div></article><article class="post-190371 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-everyday-life entry" aria-label="How Vitauthority’s Best-Sellers Can Transform Your Health"><header class="entry-header"><h4 class="entry-title"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/how-vitauthoritys-best-sellers-can-transform-your-health/">How Vitauthority’s Best-Sellers Can Transform Your Health</a></h4></header><div class="entry-content"><p>Maintaining optimal health in today’s fast-paced world can be very challenging. It is very essential</p></div></article><article class="post-190346 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-technology entry has-post-thumbnail" aria-label="Become a VIP in Tongits Go: Exclusive Perks Await You in GameZone"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/become-a-vip-in-tongits-go-exclusive-perks-await-you-in-gamezone/" class="aligncenter" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img width="150" height="150" data-src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/tongits-plus-150x150.png" class="entry-image attachment-post lazyload" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 150px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 150/150;" /><noscript><img width="150" height="150" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/tongits-plus-150x150.png" class="entry-image attachment-post" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></noscript></a><header class="entry-header"><h4 class="entry-title"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/become-a-vip-in-tongits-go-exclusive-perks-await-you-in-gamezone/">Become a VIP in Tongits Go: Exclusive Perks Await You in GameZone</a></h4></header><div class="entry-content"><p>If you're a fan of competitive card games like Tongits Go, then you've probably already experienced</p></div></article><article class="post-190344 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-web entry" aria-label="The Growth of Serverless Hosting Solutions in 2025"><header class="entry-header"><h4 class="entry-title"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/the-growth-of-serverless-hosting-solutions-in-2025/">The Growth of Serverless Hosting Solutions in 2025</a></h4></header><div class="entry-content"><p>The internet is growing faster than ever, but have traditional hosting solutions kept up? Many</p></div></article></div></section> </aside></div></div><div class="footer-widgets" id="genesis-footer-widgets"><h2 class="genesis-sidebar-title screen-reader-text">Footer</h2><div class="wrap"><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-1 footer-widget-area"><section id="nav_menu-3" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="widget-wrap"><h3 class="widgettitle widget-title">For Performance</h3> <div class="menu-for-performance-container"><ul id="menu-for-performance" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-183705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183705"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/pci-express-3-0-vs-2-0-gaming-performance-gain/">PCI Express 3.0 vs. 2.0: Is There a Gaming Performance Gain?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183706"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/dual-channel-memory-make-difference-integrated-video-performance/">Does dual-channel memory make difference on integrated video performance?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183707"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/overclocking-pros-and-cons/">Overclocking Pros and Cons</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183708"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/all-core-i7-models/">All Core i7 Models</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183709" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-183709"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/understanding-ram-timings/" aria-current="page">Understanding RAM Timings</a></li> </ul></div></div></section> </div><div class="widget-area footer-widgets-2 footer-widget-area"><section id="nav_menu-4" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="widget-wrap"><h3 class="widgettitle widget-title">Everything you need to know</h3> <div class="menu-everything-you-need-to-know-container"><ul id="menu-everything-you-need-to-know" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-183710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183710"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-dual-triple-and-quad-channel-memory-architectures/">Everything You Need to Know About the Dual-, Triple-, and Quad-Channel Memory Architectures</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183711" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183711"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-spdif-connection/">What You Should Know About the SPDIF Connection (2022 Guide)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183712" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183712"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-intel-virtualization-technology/">Everything You Need to Know About the Intel Virtualization Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-183713"><a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cpu-c-states-power-saving-modes/">Everything You Need to Know About the CPU Power Management</a></li> </ul></div></div></section> </div></div></div><footer class="site-footer"><div class="wrap"><p>Copyright © 2025 · All rights reserved - <a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com">Hardwaresecrets.com</a> </br> <a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/about/">About Us</a> · <a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> · <a href="http://hardwaresecrets.com/contact/">Contact</a></p></div></footer></div><script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-insertion-8b8437f'>!function(){"use strict";function e(){return e=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var i=arguments[t];for(var n in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,n)&&(e[n]=i[n])}return e},e.apply(this,arguments)}window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2025-03-28";const t="addensity",i="adlayout",n="interstitial",s="stickyoutstream",o="Below_Post",r="Content",a="Recipe",l="Footer",c="Header",d="Sidebar",h="desktop",u="mobile",p="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",m="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",g="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",y="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn",_=e=>{const t={};return function(...i){const n=JSON.stringify(i);if(t[n])return t[n];const s=e.apply(this,i);return t[n]=s,s}},f=navigator.userAgent,v=_((e=>/Chrom|Applechromium/.test(e||f))),b=_((()=>/WebKit/.test(f))),S=_((()=>v()?"chromium":b()?"webkit":"other"));const x=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var n;"debug"===(null==(n=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:n.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...n){const s=[`%c${t}::${i} `],o=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];n.length>0&&"string"==typeof n[0]&&s.push(n.shift()),o.push(...n);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[s.join(""),...o])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}},w=(e,t)=>null==e||e!=e?t:e,E=e=>{const t=e.offsetHeight,i=e.offsetWidth,n=e.getBoundingClientRect(),s=document.body,o=document.documentElement,r=window.pageYOffset||o.scrollTop||s.scrollTop,a=window.pageXOffset||o.scrollLeft||s.scrollLeft,l=o.clientTop||s.clientTop||0,c=o.clientLeft||s.clientLeft||0,d=Math.round(n.top+r-l),h=Math.round(n.left+a-c);return{top:d,left:h,bottom:d+t,right:h+i,width:i,height:t}},C=e=>{let t={};const i=((e=window.location.search)=>{const t=0===e.indexOf("?")?1:0;return e.slice(t).split("&").reduce(((e,t)=>{const[i,n]=t.split("=");return e.set(i,n),e}),new Map)})().get(e);if(i)try{const n=decodeURIComponent(i).replace(/\+/g,"");t=JSON.parse(n),x.event("ExperimentOverridesUtil","getExperimentOverrides",e,t)}catch(e){}return t},A=_(((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/Windows NT|Macintosh/i.test(e))),D=_((()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent,t=/Tablet|iPad|Playbook|Nook|webOS|Kindle|Android (?!.*Mobile).*Safari|CrOS/i.test(e);return/Mobi|iP(hone|od)|Opera Mini/i.test(e)&&!t})),P=(e,t,i=document)=>{const n=((e=document)=>{const t=e.querySelectorAll("article");if(0===t.length)return null;const i=Array.from(t).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e));return i&&i.offsetHeight>1.5*window.innerHeight?i:null})(i),s=n?[n]:[],o=[];e.forEach((e=>{const n=Array.from(i.querySelectorAll(e.elementSelector)).slice(0,e.skip);var r;(r=e.elementSelector,r.includes(",")?r.split(","):[r]).forEach((r=>{const a=i.querySelectorAll(r);for(let i=0;i<a.length;i++){const r=a[i];if(t.map.some((({el:e})=>e.isEqualNode(r))))continue;const l=r&&r.parentElement;l&&l!==document.body?s.push(l):s.push(r),-1===n.indexOf(r)&&o.push({dynamicAd:e,element:r})}}))}));const r=((e=document)=>(e===document?document.body:e).getBoundingClientRect().top)(i),a=o.sort(((e,t)=>e.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r-(t.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r)));return[s,a]};class k{}const O=["mcmpfreqrec"];const I=new class extends k{init(e){this._gdpr="true"===e.gdpr,this._shouldQueue=this._gdpr}clearQueue(e){e&&(this._shouldQueue=!1,this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{this.setSessionStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._localStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{if("adthrive_abgroup"===e.key){const t=Object.keys(e.value)[0],i=e.value[t],n=e.value[`${t}_weight`];this.getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(t,i,n,{value:24,unit:"hours"})}else e.expiry?"internal"===e.type?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):this.setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._cookieHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalCookie(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalCookie(e.key,e.value)}))),this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[]}readInternalCookie(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readCookie(e)}readExternalCookie(e){return this._readCookie(e)}readInternalLocalStorage(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readExternalLocalStorage(e){return this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readSessionStorage(e){const t=window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch(e){return t}}deleteCookie(e){document.cookie=`${e}=; SameSite=None; Secure; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`}deleteLocalStorage(e){window.localStorage.removeItem(e)}deleteSessionStorage(e){window.sessionStorage.removeItem(e)}setInternalCookie(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._setCookieValue("internal",e,t,i)}setExternalCookie(e,t,i){this._setCookieValue("external",e,t,i)}setInternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"external"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e);try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:JSON.stringify(t),type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setSessionStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t};this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.sessionStorage.setItem(e,i)}}getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(t,i,n,s,o=!0){const r="adthrive_abgroup",a=this.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==a){const e=a[t];var l;const i=null!=(l=a[`${t}_weight`])?l:null;if(this._isValidABGroupLocalStorageValue(e))return[e,i]}const c=e({},a,{[t]:i,[`${t}_weight`]:n});return s?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,c,{expiry:s,resetOnRead:o}):this.setInternalLocalStorage(r,c),[i,n]}_isValidABGroupLocalStorageValue(e){return null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e))}_getExpiryDate({value:e,unit:t}){const i=new Date;return"milliseconds"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+e):"seconds"==t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*e):"minutes"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*1e3):"hours"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*60*1e3):"days"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*e*60*60*1e3):"months"===t&&i.setTime(i.getTime()+30*e*24*60*60*1e3),i.toUTCString()}_resetExpiry(e){return e.expires=this._getExpiryDate(e.expiry),e}_readCookie(e){const t=document.cookie.split("; ").find((t=>t.split("=")[0]===e));if(!t)return null;const i=t.split("=")[1];if(i)try{return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(i))}catch(e){return decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const n=JSON.parse(t),s=n.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(n.expires).getTime();if("adthrive_abgroup"===e&&n.created)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(n.resetOnRead&&n.expires&&!s){const t=this._resetExpiry(n);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(n)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(s)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!n.hasOwnProperty("value"))return n;try{return JSON.parse(n.value)}catch(e){return n.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,n){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const n={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(n)}else{var s;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(s=null==n?void 0:n.expiry)?s:{value:400,unit:"days"});var o;const a=null!=(o=null==n?void 0:n.sameSite)?o:"None";var r;const l=null==(r=null==n?void 0:n.secure)||r,c="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${c}; SameSite=${a}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!O.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}},M=(e,i,o)=>{switch(i){case t:return((e,t)=>{const i=e.adDensityEnabled,n=e.adDensityLayout.pageOverrides.find((e=>!!document.querySelector(e.pageSelector)&&(e[t].onePerViewport||"number"==typeof e[t].adDensity)));return!i||!n})(e,o);case s:return(e=>{var t,i,n;const s=null==(n=e.videoPlayers)||null==(i=n.partners)||null==(t=i.stickyOutstream)?void 0:t.blockedPageSelectors;return!s||!document.querySelector(s)})(e);case n:return(e=>{const t=e.adOptions.interstitialBlockedPageSelectors;return!t||!document.querySelector(t)})(e);default:return!0}},L=t=>{try{return{valid:!0,elements:document.querySelectorAll(t)}}catch(t){return e({valid:!1},t)}},T=e=>""===e?{valid:!0}:L(e),R=(e,t)=>{if(!e)return!1;const i=!!e.enabled,n=null==e.dateStart||Date.now()>=e.dateStart,s=null==e.dateEnd||Date.now()<=e.dateEnd,o=null===e.selector||""!==e.selector&&!!document.querySelector(e.selector),r="mobile"===e.platform&&"mobile"===t,a="desktop"===e.platform&&"desktop"===t,l=null===e.platform||"all"===e.platform||r||a,c="bernoulliTrial"===e.experimentType?1===e.variants.length:(e=>{const t=e.reduce(((e,t)=>t.weight?t.weight+e:e),0);return e.length>0&&e.every((e=>{const t=e.value,i=e.weight;return!(null==t||"number"==typeof t&&isNaN(t)||!i)}))&&100===t})(e.variants);return c||x.error("SiteTest","validateSiteExperiment","experiment presented invalid choices for key:",e.key,e.variants),i&&n&&s&&o&&l&&c},j=["siteId","siteName","adOptions","breakpoints","adUnits"];class H{get enabled(){return!!this._clsGlobalData&&!!this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&((e,t=j)=>{if(!e)return!1;for(let i=0;i<t.length;i++)if(!e[t[i]])return!1;return!0})(this._clsGlobalData.siteAds)}get error(){return!(!this._clsGlobalData||!this._clsGlobalData.error)}set siteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.siteAds=e}get siteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds}set disableAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.disableAds=e}get disableAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.disableAds}set enabledLocations(e){this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations=e}get enabledLocations(){return this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations}get injectedFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin}set injectedFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin=e}get injectedFromSiteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds}set injectedFromSiteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds=e}overwriteInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=e}setInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots.push(e)}get injectedSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots}setInjectedVideoSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots.push(e)}get injectedVideoSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots}setInjectedScripts(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts=this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts.push(e)}get getInjectedScripts(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts}setExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experiments=this._clsGlobalData.experiments||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments)[e]=t}getExperiment(e,t=!1){const i=t?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments;return i&&i[e]}setWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice)[e]=t}getWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t=!1){var i,n;const s=t?null==(i=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:i.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:null==(n=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:n.experimentsWeightedChoice;return s&&s[e]}get branch(){return this._clsGlobalData.branch}get bucket(){return this._clsGlobalData.bucket}set videoDisabledFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin=e}get videoDisabledFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin}set targetDensityLog(e){this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog=e}get targetDensityLog(){return this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog}getIOSDensity(e){const t=[{weight:100,adDensityPercent:0},{weight:0,adDensityPercent:25},{weight:0,adDensityPercent:50}],i=t.map((e=>e.weight)),{index:n}=(e=>{const t={index:-1,weight:-1};if(!e||0===e.length)return t;const i=e.reduce(((e,t)=>e+t),0);if(0===i)return t;const n=Math.random()*i;let s=0,o=e[s];for(;n>o;)o+=e[++s];return{index:s,weight:e[s]}})(i),s=e-e*(t[n].adDensityPercent/100);return this.setWeightedChoiceExperiment("iosad",t[n].adDensityPercent),s}getTargetDensity(e){return((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/iP(hone|od|ad)/i.test(e))()?this.getIOSDensity(e):e}get removeVideoTitleWrapper(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper}constructor(){this._clsGlobalData=window.adthriveCLS}}class V{static getScrollTop(){return(window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop)-(document.documentElement.clientTop||0)}static getScrollBottom(){return this.getScrollTop()+(document.documentElement.clientHeight||0)}static shufflePlaylist(e){let t,i,n=e.length;for(;0!==n;)i=Math.floor(Math.random()*e.length),n-=1,t=e[n],e[n]=e[i],e[i]=t;return e}static isMobileLandscape(){return window.matchMedia("(orientation: landscape) and (max-height: 480px)").matches}static playerViewable(e){const t=e.getBoundingClientRect();return this.isMobileLandscape()?window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2&&t.top+t.height/2>0:window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2}static createQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${e[t]}`)).join("&")}static createEncodedQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${encodeURIComponent(e[t])}`)).join("&")}static setMobileLocation(e){return"top-left"===(e=e||"bottom-right")?e="adthrive-collapse-top-left":"top-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-top-right":"bottom-left"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-left":"bottom-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right":"top-center"===e&&(e=D()?"adthrive-collapse-top-center":"adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"),e}static addMaxResolutionQueryParam(e){const t=`max_resolution=${D()?"320":"1280"}`,[i,n]=String(e).split("?");return`${i}?${n?n+`&${t}`:t}`}}class G{constructor(e){this._clsOptions=e,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=w(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,!1);const t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.videoPlayers;this.footerSelector=w(t&&t.footerSelector,""),this.players=w(t&&t.players.map((e=>(e.mobileLocation=V.setMobileLocation(e.mobileLocation),e))),[]),this.relatedSettings=t&&t.contextual}}class N{constructor(e){this.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!1,this.playlistPlayerAdded=!1,this.relatedPlayerAdded=!1,this.footerSelector="",this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=!1,this.videoAdOptions=new G(e),this.players=this.videoAdOptions.players,this.relatedSettings=this.videoAdOptions.relatedSettings,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=this.videoAdOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,this.footerSelector=this.videoAdOptions.footerSelector}}class W{}class B extends W{get(){if(this._probability<0||this._probability>1)throw new Error(`Invalid probability: ${this._probability}`);return Math.random()<this._probability}constructor(e){super(),this._probability=e}}class F{setExperimentKey(e=!1){this._clsOptions.setExperiment(this.abgroup,this.result,e)}constructor(){this._clsOptions=new H,this.shouldUseCoreExperimentsConfig=!1}}class z extends F{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new B(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=0;!!D()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}const q=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],U=[[300,600],[160,600]],Q=new Map([[l,1],[c,2],[d,3],[r,4],[a,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),J=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:n}=e;if(i===a&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(D()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!D()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===l||n},K=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new z(e.adTypes).result)(t);return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const s=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),o="Sidebar"===s?0:2;return{auctionPriority:Q.get(s)||8,location:s,sequence:w(i.sequence,1),sizes:(h=i.adSizes,q.filter((([e,t])=>h.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n)=>{const{location:s,sequence:o}=e;if(s===l)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(s===c)return!0;if(s===a)return!(D()&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(s===d){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===o||(o&&o<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e))).concat(n&&i.location===r?U:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:w(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:w(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:w(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:w(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:J(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:w(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:w(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:w(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:w(i.dynamic.lazyMax,o),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var h}))},Y=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===d;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class Z{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[o,r,a,d]}}const X=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,ee=e=>`${X(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function te(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const ie=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));function ne(e,t,i,n){var s,o=arguments.length,r=o<3?t:null===n?n=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,i):n;if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.decorate)r=Reflect.decorate(e,t,i,n);else for(var a=e.length-1;a>=0;a--)(s=e[a])&&(r=(o<3?s(r):o>3?s(t,i,r):s(t,i))||r);return o>3&&r&&Object.defineProperty(t,i,r),r}function se(e,t){if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.metadata)return Reflect.metadata(e,t)}"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;class oe extends W{static fromArray(e,t){return new oe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}const re=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=I.readInternalLocalStorage("adthrive_branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&I.deleteLocalStorage(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,h=l,null!=(p=null==(u=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===h)))?void 0:u.weight)?p:null);var d,h,u,p;const[m,g]=I.getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=g,m})};class ae{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&(e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)))(e)}}class le extends ae{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return x.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return x.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new oe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(x.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class ce{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=C("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=D()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=R(e,this._device),n=M(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class de extends le{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return x.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new oe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(x.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=i,this.abgroup=i,this._clsSiteExperiments=new ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}ne([re(),se("design:type",Function),se("design:paramtypes",[]),se("design:returntype",void 0)],de.prototype,"run",null);class he extends le{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return x.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new oe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(x.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=t,this.abgroup=t,this._clsSiteExperiments=new ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}ne([re(),se("design:type",Function),se("design:paramtypes",[]),se("design:returntype",void 0)],he.prototype,"run",null);const ue="250px";class pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){x.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");x.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new de(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){x.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else x.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=K(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(!ie(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))te(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){x.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h:u,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=w(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==r:e)),a=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===r:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...a.length?this._injectDensitySlots(a,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(e.some((e=>e.location===a&&e.sticky))&&!ie((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{te(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o);let l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a);const c=this._clsOptions.getWeightedChoiceExperiment("iosad");l<1&&c&&(l=1);const d=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),h=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...d>0?[d]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:d},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:d,numberOfUnits:h}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=T(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return w(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const l=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),c=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let h=e.skip;h<c.length&&!(r+1>l.length);h+=e.every){let u=c[h];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=E(u);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const p=l[r],m=`${p.location}_${p.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===m))&&(r+=1);const g=this.getDynamicElementId(p),y=X(e),_=ee(e),f=[e.location===d&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",e.location===a&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",y,_,...e.classNames],v=this.addAd(u,g,e.position,f);if(v){const s=Y(p,v);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:p,element:v,sizes:s,name:m,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:p.location,element:v}),e.location===a&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}u=v}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,a=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),l=r||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),c=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${o}`);return a&&l&&c}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=P(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=X(t),a=ee(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=Y(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=t.location===a?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?w(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,l=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),c=Math.max(o,l);for(let n=0;n<c;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[a,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:ue,Content:ue,Recipe:ue,Sidebar:ue};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new Z(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new he(this._clsOptions):null}}function me(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class ge{get enabled(){return!0}}class ye extends ge{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(x.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&x.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(x.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=T(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=me(s,["valid","elements"]),l=L(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,h=me(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return x.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return x.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),h),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else x.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else x.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void x.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{x.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=A()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class _e extends ye{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=y;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=m;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?g:p,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return x.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via ${t||"other"}`)),!1}return!this._clsOptions.videoDisabledFromPlugin}constructor(e,t){super(e,"ClsVideoInsertion"),this._videoConfig=e,this._clsOptions=t,this._IN_POST_SELECTOR=".adthrive-video-player",this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=36,this._playersAddedFromPlugin=[],t.removeVideoTitleWrapper&&(this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=0)}}class fe{add(e,t,i,n=document){this._map.push({el:e,coords:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n})}get map(){return this._map}sort(){this._map.sort((({coords:e},{coords:t})=>e-t))}filterUsed(){this._map=this._map.filter((({dynamicAd:e})=>!e.used))}reset(){this._map=[]}constructor(){this._map=[]}}class ve extends fe{}const be=e=>{const t=S(),i=(()=>{const e=D()?"mobile":"tablet";return A(f)?"desktop":e})(),n=e.siteAdsProfiles;let s=null;if(n&&n.length)for(const e of n){const n=e.targeting.device,o=e.targeting.browserEngine,r=n&&n.length&&n.includes(i),a=o&&o.length&&o.includes(t);r&&a&&(s=e)}return s};try{(()=>{const e=new H;e&&e.enabled&&(e.siteAds&&(e=>{const t=be(e);if(t){const e=t.profileId;document.body.classList.add(`raptive-profile-${e}`)}})(e.siteAds),new pe(e,new ve).start(),new _e(new N(e),e).init())})()}catch(e){x.error("CLS","pluginsertion-iife",e),window.adthriveCLS&&(window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin=!1)}}(); </script><script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">(function () {var clsElements = document.querySelectorAll("script[id^='cls-']"); window.adthriveCLS && clsElements && clsElements.length === 0 ? window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin = false : ""; })();</script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/1d0bef542676e50f76c2ae7484951b18.js" id="wphb-3-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wphb-3-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wphb-4-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "http:\/\/hardwaresecrets.com\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/0d2b502c3196a616aadbdc710c0b831f.js" id="wphb-4-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/e78ed2fd7a2c22e79b430b13ded812c5.js" id="wphb-5-js" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wphb-6-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var genesis_responsive_menu = {"mainMenu":"Menu","menuIconClass":"dashicons-before dashicons-menu","subMenu":"Submenu","subMenuIconClass":"dashicons-before dashicons-arrow-down-alt2","menuClasses":{"others":[".nav-primary"]}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://hardwaresecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/ac5713cc60b7804321e195e69101bfc1.js" id="wphb-6-js"></script> <script>!function(){"use strict";!function(e){if(-1===e.cookie.indexOf("__adblocker")){e.cookie="__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";var t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET","https://ads.adthrive.com/abd/abd.js",!0),t.onreadystatechange=function(){if(XMLHttpRequest.DONE===t.readyState)if(200===t.status){var a=e.createElement("script");a.innerHTML=t.responseText,e.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(a)}else{var n=new Date;n.setTime(n.getTime()+3e5),e.cookie="__adblocker=true; expires="+n.toUTCString()+"; path=/"}},t.send()}}(document)}(); </script><script>!function(){"use strict";var e;e=document,function(){var t,n;function r(){var t=e.createElement("script");t.src="https://cafemedia-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryplayer.js",e.head.appendChild(t)}function a(){var t=e.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*__adblocker\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t&&t.pop()}function c(){clearInterval(n)}return{init:function(){var e;"true"===(t=a())?r():(e=0,n=setInterval((function(){100!==e&&"false"!==t||c(),"true"===t&&(r(),c()),t=a(),e++}),50))}}}().init()}(); </script></body> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-X8GS0Q9HV8"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-X8GS0Q9HV8'); </script> </html>