CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"db05c1bd-749c-4790-8e92-066a222b9182","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gopalkrishna_Gandhi","wgTitle":"Gopalkrishna Gandhi","wgCurRevisionId":1256713595,"wgRevisionId":1256713595,"wgArticleId":1303044,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from December 2019","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2018","Use Indian English from June 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020","1945 births","21st-century Indian politicians", "Ambassadors of India to Iceland","Ambassadors of India to Norway","Indian civil servants","Governors of Bihar","Governors of West Bengal","Gujarati people","High commissioners of India to South Africa","High commissioners of India to Sri Lanka","Living people","Family of Mahatma Gandhi","St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni","Tamil–English translators","Translators from English","Translators to Hindi","Translators of the Tirukkural into English","People of the Sri Lankan civil war","Indian Peace Keeping Force","Modern School (New Delhi) alumni"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gopalkrishna_Gandhi","wgRelevantArticleId":1303044,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3347330","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions" ,"wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg/1200px-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1202"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg/800px-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="801"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg/640px-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="641"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi rootpage-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gopalkrishna Gandhi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80" title="গোপালকৃষ্ণ গান্ধী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গোপালকৃষ্ণ গান্ধী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80" title="গোপালকৃষ্ণ গান্ধী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গোপালকৃষ্ণ গান্ধী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="गोपालकृष्ण गांधी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गोपालकृष्ण गांधी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%83%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%80" title="ગોપાલકૃષ્ણ ગાંધી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગોપાલકૃષ્ણ ગાંધી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="गोपालकृष्ण गांधी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोपालकृष्ण गांधी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="गोपालकृष्‍ण गांधी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गोपालकृष्‍ण गांधी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%89" title="جوپالكريشنا جاندهى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوپالكريشنا جاندهى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%80" title="ଗୋପାଳ କୃଷ୍ଣ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗୋପାଳ କୃଷ୍ଣ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="கோபாலகிருஷ்ண காந்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோபாலகிருஷ்ண காந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%80" title="గోపాలకృష్ణ గాంధీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గోపాలకృష్ణ గాంధీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Ґопалкрішна Ґанді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґопалкрішна Ґанді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3347330#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&oldid=1256713595" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&id=1256713595&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGopalkrishna_Gandhi"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGopalkrishna_Gandhi"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3347330" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian civil servant and diplomat</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Gopalkrishna Gandhi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg/220px-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg/330px-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg/440px-Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">18th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Bengal">Governor of West Bengal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 December 2004 – 14 December 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viren_J._Shah" title="Viren J. Shah">Viren J. Shah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devanand_Konwar" title="Devanand Konwar">Devanand Konwar</a> <i>(additional charge)</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a><br /><i>(additional charge)</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 January 2006 – 21 June 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._S._Gavai" title="R. S. Gavai">R. S. Gavai</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gopalkrishna Devadas Gandhi</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1945-04-22</span>) </span>22 April 1945<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, British India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data">NIL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Tara Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devdas_Gandhi" title="Devdas Gandhi">Devdas Gandhi</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Gandhi" title="Ramchandra Gandhi">Ramchandra Gandhi</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rajmohan_Gandhi" title="Rajmohan Gandhi">Rajmohan Gandhi</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> (paternal grandfather)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Gandhi" title="Kasturba Gandhi">Kasturba Gandhi</a> (paternal grandmother)<br /><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a> (maternal grandfather)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Delhi">University of Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Professor of History and Politics at <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_University" title="Ashoka University">Ashoka University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gopalkrishna Devadas Gandhi</b> (born 22 April 1945) is a former administrator and diplomat who served as the 22nd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Bengal">Governor of West Bengal</a> serving from 2004 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a> (Rajaji).<sup id="cite_ref-gg1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gg1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a former <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a> officer he served as Secretary to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> and as <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Commissioner</a> to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, among other administrative and diplomatic posts.<sup id="cite_ref-gg1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gg1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_vice-presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Indian vice-presidential election">Vice President of India 2017 elections</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lost with 244 votes against NDA candidate <a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a>, who got 516 votes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_background">Early life and background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gopalkrishna Devadas Gandhi was born on 22 April 1945 in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Devdas_Gandhi" title="Devdas Gandhi">Devdas</a> and Lakshmi Gandhi. His father was a journalist. Gandhi graduated with a master's degree in English literature from <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi" title="St. Stephen's College, Delhi">St. Stephen's College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He joined <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a> as an officer in 1968 and served in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> state till 1985. Thereafter, he remained secretary to the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a> (1985–1987) and joint secretary to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> (1987–1992). </p><p>In 1992, after retiring voluntarily from the IAS, he became minister (culture) in <a href="/wiki/India_House,_London" title="India House, London">high commission of India, UK</a> and director of <a href="/wiki/The_Nehru_Centre,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nehru Centre, London">The Nehru Centre, London</a>, UK. This was followed by various diplomatic and administrative positions for the rest of his career, including high commissioner of India to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> (1996), <a href="/wiki/President_of_India#Secretaries" title="President of India">secretary to the president of India</a> (1997–2000), <a href="/wiki/India_House_(Colombo)" class="mw-redirect" title="India House (Colombo)">high commissioner of India in Sri Lanka</a> (2000), and ambassador of India to <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (2002).<sup id="cite_ref-iias_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iias-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 December 2004, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Bengal">Governor of West Bengal</a> following the expiry of the term of office of incumbent <a href="/wiki/Viren_J._Shah" title="Viren J. Shah">Viren J. Shah</a>. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Devanand_Konwar" title="Devanand Konwar">Devanand Konwar</a>, who was given additional charge of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. For a few months in 2006 he also took on additional duties as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the chairman of <a href="/wiki/Kalakshetra_Foundation" title="Kalakshetra Foundation">Kalakshetra Foundation</a>, Chennai from December 2011 to May 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, he translated the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil classic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkural">Tirukkural</a>, into English.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the chairman of governing body of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study" title="Indian Institute of Advanced Study">Indian Institute of Advanced Study</a>, and president of its society on 5 March 2012 and served until May 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-iias_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iias-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gandhi teaches at <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_University" title="Ashoka University">Ashoka University</a>, where he is a professor of history and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While delivering the 15th D P Kohli Memorial Lecture for CBI on "Eclipse at Noon: Shadows Over India's Conscience" with nearly 3000 officers of the agency in the audience, Gandhi noted that "The CBI is seen as the government's hatchet, rather than honesty's ally. It is often called <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> — meaning not the dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane, the colourless, tasteless, odourless insecticide it should be, but the department of dirty tricks."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, he wrote a letter to the then President of India, <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a>, to reconsider the rejection of the mercy plea of the <a href="/wiki/1993_Bombay_bombings" title="1993 Bombay bombings">1993 Mumbai serial blast</a> convict, <a href="/wiki/Yakub_Memon" title="Yakub Memon">Yakub Memon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His paternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and maternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a> (Rajaji).<sup id="cite_ref-gg1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gg1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the son of <a href="/wiki/Devdas_Gandhi" title="Devdas Gandhi">Devadas Gandhi</a> and Lakshmi Gandhi. Gopalkrishna Gandhi is the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Rajmohan_Gandhi" title="Rajmohan Gandhi">Rajmohan Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Gandhi" title="Ramchandra Gandhi">Ramchandra Gandhi</a>. He and his wife Tara have two daughters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Hindi</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Saranam</i>, translated as <i>Refuge</i> in English</li> <li><i>Dara Shukoh</i>, a play in verse</li> <li><i>Koi Acchha Sa Larka</i> (translation into Hindustani of <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Seth" title="Vikram Seth">Vikram Seth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Suitable_Boy" title="A Suitable Boy">A Suitable Boy</a></i>)</li></ul> <p><b>English</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Gandhi and South Africa</i></li> <li><i>Gandhi and Sri Lanka</i></li> <li><i>Nehru and Sri Lanka</i></li> <li><i>India House, Colombo: Portrait of a Residence</i></li> <li><i>Gandhi Is Gone. Who Will Guide Us Now?</i> (edited)</li> <li><i>A Frank Friendship/ Gandhi and Bengal: A Descriptive Chronology</i> (compiled and edited).</li> <li><i>Tiruvalluvar: The Tirukkural</i> (translated from the Tamil original) (2015)</li> <li>"Restless as Mercury : My Life As A Young Man" (ed. Aleph, 2021)</li> <li>"Scorching Love : Letters from M.K.Gandhi to his son Devadas" (ed. with Tridip Suhrud, OUP, 2022)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translators_into_English" title="List of translators into English">List of translators into English</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece">"At farewell, Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls for change in mindsets"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 13 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=At+farewell%2C+Gopalkrishna+Gandhi+calls+for+change+in+mindsets&rft.date=2009-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Farticle64508.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gg1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gg1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gg1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gg1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234468">Gopal Gandhi</a> <i>outlookindia.com</i>. 23 Apr 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report/articleshow/59541414.cms">"Gopalkrishna Gandhi is opposition's nominee for vice president: He lost the Vice Presidential elections miserably Report - Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 11 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi+is+opposition%27s+nominee+for+vice+president%3A+He+lost+the+Vice+Presidential+elections+miserably+Report+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fgopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report%2Farticleshow%2F59541414.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gov_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governorgdsafgdsgsdgss/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm">"Hon'ble Governor of Bihar - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile"</a>. Governor of Bihar website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hon%27ble+Governor+of+Bihar+-+Gopalkrishna+Gandhi+Profile&rft.pub=Governor+of+Bihar+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgovernor.bih.nic.in%2FGovernorgdsafgdsgsdgss%2FGopalKrishnaGandhi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iias-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iias_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iias_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022724/http://iias.org/administrative_chairmans_profile.html">"Chairman's Profile: Shri Gopalkrishna Gandhi"</a>. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iias.org/administrative_chairmans_profile.html">the original</a> on 14 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chairman%27s+Profile%3A+Shri+Gopalkrishna+Gandhi&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iias.org%2Fadministrative_chairmans_profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html">"Veteran politician R S Gavai new Bihar Governor"</a>. <i>One India</i>. Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 22 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094737/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=One+India&rft.atitle=Veteran+politician+R+S+Gavai+new+Bihar+Governor&rft.date=2006-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2F2006%2F06%2F22%2Fr-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gopalkrishna-steps-down-as-chairman-of-kalakshetra-iias/article6035117.ece">"Gopalkrishna steps down as chairman of Kalakshetra, IIAS"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 21 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Gopalkrishna+steps+down+as+chairman+of+Kalakshetra%2C+IIAS&rft.date=2014-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fgopalkrishna-steps-down-as-chairman-of-kalakshetra-iias%2Farticle6035117.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParthasarathy2015" class="citation news cs1">Parthasarathy, Indira (12 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/indira-parthasarathy-reviews-gopalkrishna-gandhis-translation-of-tirukkural/article7975168.ece">"Couplets for modern times"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Kasturi & Sons<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Couplets+for+modern+times&rft.date=2015-12-12&rft.aulast=Parthasarathy&rft.aufirst=Indira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fliterary-review%2Findira-parthasarathy-reviews-gopalkrishna-gandhis-translation-of-tirukkural%2Farticle7975168.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/education/article2964487.ece">"Gopal Gandhi is IAAS chairman"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Gopal+Gandhi+is+IAAS+chairman&rft.date=2012-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Feducation%2Farticle2964487.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity" class="citation web cs1">University, Ashoka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty">"Faculty/Staff - Ashoka University"</a>. <i>Ashoka University</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ashoka+University&rft.atitle=Faculty%2FStaff+-+Ashoka+University&rft.aulast=University&rft.aufirst=Ashoka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fashoka.edu.in%2Fwelcome%2Ffaculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChauhan2014" class="citation web cs1">Chauhan, Neeraj (16 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state/articleshow/33792797.cms">"Gopalkrishna Gandhi: Former Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls CBI 'department of dirty tricks', RIL a parallel state | India News - Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi%3A+Former+Bengal+governor+Gopalkrishna+Gandhi+calls+CBI+%27department+of+dirty+tricks%27%2C+RIL+a+parallel+state+%7C+India+News+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft.aulast=Chauhan&rft.aufirst=Neeraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FFormer-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state%2Farticleshow%2F33792797.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gopalkrishna-gandhis-letter-to-president/article7476839.ece">"Pardoning Yakub Memon will be a tribute to Dr. Kalam: Gopalkrishna Gandhi"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pardoning+Yakub+Memon+will+be+a+tribute+to+Dr.+Kalam%3A+Gopalkrishna+Gandhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fgopalkrishna-gandhis-letter-to-president%2Farticle7476839.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena/766336/">"Gopalkrishna Gandhi tried to save Yakub Memon, claims Sena: Here's what Congress Vice-Presidential candidate said in 2015"</a>. <i>The Financial Express</i>. 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express&rft.atitle=Gopalkrishna+Gandhi+tried+to+save+Yakub+Memon%2C+claims+Sena%3A+Here%27s+what+Congress+Vice-Presidential+candidate+said+in+2015&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Findia-news%2Fgopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena%2F766336%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopalkrishna+Gandhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008192001/http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governors/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm">Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a> website.</li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Viren_J._Shah" title="Viren J. Shah">Viren J. Shah</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Bengal">Governor of West Bengal</a> </b><br />2004–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Devanand_Konwar" title="Devanand Konwar">Devanand Konwar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bihar" title="List of governors of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a> </b><br />2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/R._S._Gavai" title="R. S. Gavai">R. S. Gavai</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mahatma_Gandhi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Template:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Template talk:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mahatma_Gandhi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life events<br />and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ambulance_Corps" title="Indian Ambulance Corps">Indian Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoy_Farm" title="Tolstoy Farm">Tolstoy Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement#Gandhi_arrives_in_India" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Satyagraha" title="Vaikom Satyagraha">Vaikom Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)#Second_Round_Table_Conference_(September_–_December_1931)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Second Round Table Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padayatra" title="Padayatra">Padayatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poona_Pact" title="Poona Pact">Poona Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_speech" title="Quit India speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidyapith" title="Gujarat Vidyapith">Gujarat Vidyapith University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harijan_Sevak_Sangh" title="Harijan Sevak Sangh">Harijan Sevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochrab_Ashram" title="Kochrab Ashram">India ashrams (Kochrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Memorial_Asram" title="Gandhi Memorial Asram">Sodepur Khadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevagram" title="Sevagram">Sevagram)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fasts_undertaken_by_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of fasts undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi">List of fasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Practices_and_beliefs_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi">Practices and beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_nationalism" title="Composite nationalism">Composite nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_economics" title="Gandhian economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeship_(Gandhism)" title="Trusteeship (Gandhism)">trusteeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_Talim" title="Nai Talim">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Sarvodaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven_vows" title="Eleven vows">Eleven vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_cap" title="Gandhi cap">Gandhi cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Heritage_Portal" title="Gandhi Heritage Portal">Publications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harijan_(magazine)" title="Harijan (magazine)"><i>Harijan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hind_Swaraj_or_Indian_Home_Rule" title="Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule"><i>Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Opinion" title="Indian Opinion">Indian Opinion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth" title="The Story of My Experiments with Truth">The Story of My Experiments with Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Prabhat" title="Mangal Prabhat">Mangal Prabhat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_India" title="Young India"><i>Young India</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Social_Sins" title="Seven Social Sins">Seven Social Sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajivan_Trust" title="Navajivan Trust">Navajivan Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Heritage_Portal" title="Gandhi Heritage Portal">Gandhi Heritage Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Hindu" title="A Letter to a Hindu">A Letter to a Hindu</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)"><i>Civil Disobedience</i> (essay)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadi" title="Khadi">Khadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsee_Rustomjee" title="Parsee Rustomjee">Parsee Rustomjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i>) (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_Anarchy" title="The Masque of Anarchy">The Masque of Anarchy</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmad" title="Narmad">Narmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana_Kumara" title="Shravana Kumara">Shravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimad_Rajchandra" title="Shrimad Rajchandra">Shrimad Rajchandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Ba%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṛaḷ">Tirukkuṛaḷ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unto_This_Last" title="Unto This Last">Unto This Last</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Gandhi's translation</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raghupati_Raghava_Raja_Ram" title="Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram">Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ekla_Chalo_Re" title="Ekla Chalo Re">Ekla Chalo Re</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hari_Tuma_Haro" title="Hari Tuma Haro">Hari Tuma Haro</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_Jana_To" title="Vaishnava Jana To">Vaishnava Jana To</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Anand" title="Swami Anand">Swami Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Freer_Andrews" title="Charles Freer Andrews">C. F. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj" title="Jamnalal Bajaj">Jamnalal Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarlal_Banker" title="Shankarlal Banker">Shankarlal Banker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Behn" title="Sarla Behn">Sarla Behn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Krishna_Chandiwala" title="Brij Krishna Chandiwala">Brij Krishna Chandiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhakar_Chaturvedi" title="Sudhakar Chaturvedi">Sudhakar Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugatram_Dave" title="Jugatram Dave">Jugatram Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Desai" title="Mahadev Desai">Mahadev Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Dharmadhikari" title="Dada Dharmadhikari">Dada Dharmadhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi" title="Kanu Gandhi">Kanu Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prasad_Gupta" title="Shiv Prasad Gupta">Shiv Prasad Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Hajee_Ahmed_Jhaveri" title="Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri">Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._Kumarappa" title="J. C. Kumarappa">J. C. Kumarappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kallenbach" title="Hermann Kallenbach">Hermann Kallenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">Acharya Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabehn" title="Mirabehn">Mirabehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal_Pandya" title="Mohanlal Pandya">Mohanlal Pandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narhari_Parikh" title="Narhari Parikh">Narhari Parikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Amtus_Salam" title="Bibi Amtus Salam">Bibi Amtus Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Schlesin" title="Sonja Schlesin">Sonja Schlesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anugrah_Narayan_Sinha" title="Anugrah Narayan Sinha">Anugrah Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Krishna_Sinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Krishna Sinha">Sri Krishna Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._A._Sundaram" title="V. A. Sundaram">V. A. Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Tyabji" title="Abbas Tyabji">Abbas Tyabji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravishankar_Vyas" title="Ravishankar Vyas">Ravishankar Vyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishorlal_Mashruwala" title="Kishorlal Mashruwala">Kishorlal Mashruwala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artistic_depictions_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi">Artistic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhigiri" title="Gandhigiri">Gandhigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Award" title="Gandhi Peace Award">Gandhi Peace Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Foundation" title="Gandhi Peace Foundation">Gandhi Peace Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize" title="Gandhi Peace Prize">Gandhi Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Kashi_Vidyapith" title="Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith">Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Indian currency (Gandhi Series,</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Gandhi New Series,</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_10_Rupee_Mahatma_Gandhi_postage_stamp" title="Indian 10 Rupee Mahatma Gandhi postage stamp">Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Family of Mahatma Gandhi">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamchand_Uttamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi">Karamchand Gandhi (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Gandhi" title="Kasturba Gandhi">Kasturba (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harilal_Gandhi" title="Harilal Gandhi">Harilal (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manilal_Gandhi" title="Manilal Gandhi">Manilal (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Gandhi" title="Ramdas Gandhi">Ramdas (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devdas_Gandhi" title="Devdas Gandhi">Devdas (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maganlal_Gandhi" title="Maganlal Gandhi">Maganlal (cousin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaldas_Gandhi" title="Samaldas Gandhi">Samaldas (nephew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Manilal_Gandhi" title="Arun Manilal Gandhi">Arun (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Gandhi" title="Ela Gandhi">Ela (granddaughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajmohan_Gandhi" title="Rajmohan Gandhi">Rajmohan (grandson)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gopalkrishna (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Gandhi" title="Ramchandra Gandhi">Ramchandra (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi_(scientist)" title="Kanu Gandhi (scientist)">Kanu (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi" title="Kanu Gandhi">Kanu (grandnephew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Gandhi" title="Tushar Gandhi">Tushar (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Gandhi" title="Leela Gandhi">Leela (great-granddaughter)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhay_and_Rani_Bang" title="Abhay and Rani Bang">Abhay Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajkishore_Prasad" title="Brajkishore Prasad">Brajkishore Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Vallabh_Pant" class="mw-redirect" title="Govind Vallabh Pant">Govind Vallabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bondurant" title="Joan Bondurant">Joan Bondurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanza_del_Vasto" title="Lanza del Vasto">Lanza del Vasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lacerda_de_Moura" title="Maria Lacerda de Moura">Maria Lacerda de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramjee_Singh" title="Ramjee Singh">Ramjee Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Sane" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Sane">Sane Guruji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Memorials_to_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Category:Memorials to Mahatma Gandhi">Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Accra" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Accra">Ghana</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Gandhi_Maidan" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi Maidan">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salt_Satyagraha_Memorial" title="National Salt Satyagraha Memorial">National Salt Satyagraha Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_of_India" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament of India">New Delhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Pietermaritzburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Tavistock_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Davis,_California)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Davis, California)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Denver)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Denver)">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Houston)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Houston)">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Milwaukee)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Milwaukee)">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (New York City)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (San Francisco)">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dignity,_Equality,_and_Justice" title="Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Day_(India)" title="Martyrs' Day (India)">Martyrs' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_for_Nonviolence" title="Season for Nonviolence">Season for Nonviolence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Palace" title="Aga Khan Palace">Aga Khan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Bhawan,_Chandigarh" title="Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh">Gandhi Bhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Mandapam_(Chennai)" title="Gandhi Mandapam (Chennai)">Gandhi Mandapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Market" title="Gandhi Market">Gandhi Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(bookstore)" title="Gandhi (bookstore)">Bookstores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi Promenade">Gandhi Promenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Smriti" title="Gandhi Smriti">Gandhi Smriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari#Tourist_sites" title="Kanyakumari">Gandhi Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Memorial_Museum,_Madurai" title="Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai">Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Teerth" title="Gandhi Teerth">Gandhi Teerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Temple,_Bhatara" title="Gandhi Temple, Bhatara">Gandhi Temple, Bhatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaba_Gandhi_No_Delo" title="Kaba Gandhi No Delo">Kaba Gandhi No Delo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Mandir,_Porbandar" title="Kirti Mandir, Porbandar">Kirti Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_College" title="Mahatma Gandhi College">Mahatma Gandhi College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Marine_National_Park" title="Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park">Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_Centre,_Matale" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale">Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Bhavan" title="Mani Bhavan">Mani Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_High_School_(Rajkot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred High School (Rajkot)">Mohandas Gandhi High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gandhi_Museum" title="National Gandhi Museum">National Gandhi Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorials" title="Raj Ghat and associated memorials">Raj Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_named_after_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of roads named after Mahatma Gandhi">Roads named after Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Governors_of_West_Bengal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_West_Bengal" title="Template:Governors of West Bengal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_West_Bengal" title="Template talk:Governors of West Bengal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_West_Bengal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of West Bengal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Governors_of_West_Bengal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_West_Bengal" title="List of governors of West Bengal">Governors of West Bengal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju" title="Kailash Nath Katju">Kailash Nath Katju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harendra_Coomar_Mookerjee" title="Harendra Coomar Mookerjee">Harendra Coomar Mookerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phani_Bhusan_Chakravartti" title="Phani Bhusan Chakravartti">Phani Bhusan Chakravartti</a>♯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Vira" title="Dharma Vira">Dharma Vira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Narayan_Sinha" title="Deep Narayan Sinha">Deep Narayan Sinha</a>♯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swaroop_Dhavan" title="Shanti Swaroop Dhavan">Shanti Swaroop Dhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lancelot_Dias" title="Anthony Lancelot Dias">Anthony Lancelot Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvana_Narayana_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribhuvana Narayana Singh">Tribhuvana Narayana Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairab_Dutt_Pande" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhairab Dutt Pande">Bhairab Dutt Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Prasad_Sharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Anant Prasad Sharma">Anant Prasad Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Chandra_(politician)" title="Satish Chandra (politician)">Satish Chandra</a>♯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiyid_Nurul_Hasan" title="Saiyid Nurul Hasan">Saiyid Nurul Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Rajeswar" title="T. V. Rajeswar">T. V. Rajeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiyid_Nurul_Hasan" title="Saiyid Nurul Hasan">Saiyid Nurul Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Satya_Narayan_Reddy" title="B. Satya Narayan Reddy">B. Satya Narayan Reddy</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Raghunatha_Reddy" title="K. V. Raghunatha Reddy">K. V. Raghunatha Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamal_Kumar_Sen" title="Shyamal Kumar Sen">Shyamal Kumar Sen</a>♯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viren_J._Shah" title="Viren J. Shah">Viren J. Shah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gopalkrishna Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanand_Konwar" title="Devanand Konwar">Devanand Konwar</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.K._Narayanan" class="mw-redirect" title="M.K. Narayanan">M.K. Narayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Y._Patil" title="D. Y. Patil">D. Y. Patil</a>♯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La._Ganesan" title="La. Ganesan">La. Ganesan</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Ananda_Bose" title="C. V. Ananda Bose">C. V. Ananda Bose</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(♯acting, ‡additional charge)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Bihar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governor_of_Bihar" title="Template:Governor of Bihar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governor_of_Bihar" title="Template talk:Governor of Bihar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governor_of_Bihar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governor of Bihar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Bihar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bihar" title="List of governors of Bihar">Governors of Bihar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_David_Sifton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James David Sifton">James Sifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Garnier_Hallett" title="Maurice Garnier Hallett">Maurice Garnier Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alexander_Stewart" title="Thomas Alexander Stewart">Thomas Alexander Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Rutherford" title="Thomas George Rutherford">Thomas George Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mudie" title="Francis Mudie">Francis Mudie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Rutherford" title="Thomas George Rutherford">Thomas George Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dow" title="Hugh Dow">Hugh Dow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairamdas_Daulatram" title="Jairamdas Daulatram">Jairamdas Daulatram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Shrihari_Aney" title="Madhav Shrihari Aney">Madhav Shrihari Aney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._R._Diwakar" title="R. R. Diwakar">R. R. Diwakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._S._Ayyangar" class="mw-redirect" title="M. A. S. Ayyangar">M. A. S. Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Kanungo" title="Nityanand Kanungo">Nityanand Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev_Kant_Baruah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dev Kant Baruah">Dev Kant Baruah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Dhondiba_Bhandare" title="Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare">Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Kaushal" title="Jagannath Kaushal">Jagannath Kaushal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Venkatasubbaiah" class="mw-redirect" title="P. Venkatasubbaiah">P. Venkatasubbaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narayan_Singh" title="Govind Narayan Singh">Govind Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.D._Pradhan" class="mw-redirect" title="R.D. Pradhan">R.D. Pradhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Pahadia" title="Jagannath Pahadia">Jagannath Pahadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yunus_Saleem" title="Mohammad Yunus Saleem">Mohammad Saleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Shafi_Qureshi" title="Mohammad Shafi Qureshi">Mohammad Shafi Qureshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Singh_Bhandari" title="Sunder Singh Bhandari">Sunder Singh Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._C._Pande" title="V. C. Pande">V. C. Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_R_Jois" class="mw-redirect" title="M R Jois">M R Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gopalkrishna Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._S._Gavai" title="R. S. Gavai">R. S. Gavai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._L._Bhatia" title="R. L. Bhatia">R. L. Bhatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanand_Konwar" title="Devanand Konwar">Devanand Konwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Y._Patil" title="D. Y. Patil">D. Y. Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Malik" title="Satya Pal Malik">Satya Pal Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalji_Tandon" title="Lalji Tandon">Lalji Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagu_Chauhan" title="Phagu Chauhan">Phagu Chauhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Arlekar" title="Rajendra Arlekar">Rajendra Arlekar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tirukkural" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tirukkural" title="Template:Tirukkural"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tirukkural" title="Template talk:Tirukkural"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tirukkural" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tirukkural"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tirukkural" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkural">Tirukkural</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar (author)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elelasingan" title="Elelasingan">Elelasingan (disciple)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasuki_(wife_of_Valluvar)" title="Vasuki (wife of Valluvar)">Vasuki (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Tirukkural" title="Dating the Tirukkural">Dating the work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_names_for_the_Tirukkural" title="Glossary of names for the Tirukkural">Other names</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg/100px-Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg/150px-Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg/200px-Thiruvalluvar_Statue_at_Kanyakumari_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(Kural_book)" title="Aram (Kural book)">Book of Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porul_(Kural_book)" title="Porul (Kural book)">Book of Porul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbam_(Kural_book)" title="Inbam (Kural book)">Book of Inbam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural_(poetic_form)" title="Kural (poetic form)">Kural Venba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and teachings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (<i>Inna seyyaamai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a> (<i>Porul</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion" title="Compassion">Compassion</a> (<i>Arul</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> (<i>Aram</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a> (<i>Olukkam</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">Giving</a> (<i>Eegai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a> (<i>Nandri</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">Hospitality</a> (<i>Virundhombal</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impartiality" title="Impartiality">Impartiality</a> (<i>Naduvu nilaimai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a> (<i>Inbam</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a> (<i>Uul</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a> (<i>Anbu</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkama_Karma" title="Nishkama Karma">Nishkama Karma</a> (<i>Ava arutthal</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-killing" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-killing">Non-killing</a> (<i>Kollaamai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a> (<i>Porai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a> (<i>Thavam</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Selflessness</a> (<i>Thuravu</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-restraint" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-restraint">Self-restraint</a> (<i>Adakkam</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">Truthfulness</a> (<i>Vaaimai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> (<i>Pulaal marutthal</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Medieval_Commentators" title="Ten Medieval Commentators">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharumar" title="Dharumar">Dharumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakkudavar" title="Manakkudavar">Manakkudavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamatthar" title="Dhamatthar">Dhamatthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacchar" title="Nacchar">Nacchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paridhi" title="Paridhi">Paridhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumalaiyar" title="Thirumalaiyar">Thirumalaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallar_(poet)" title="Mallar (poet)">Mallar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari_Perumal" title="Pari Perumal">Pari Perumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaalingar" title="Kaalingar">Kaalingar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parimelalhagar" title="Parimelalhagar">Parimelalhagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedagiri_Mudaliar" title="Vedagiri Mudaliar">Vedagiri Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirutthanigai_Saravanaperumal_Aiyar" title="Tirutthanigai Saravanaperumal Aiyar">Saravanaperumal Aiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Vadivelu_Chettiar" title="K. Vadivelu Chettiar">K. Vadivelu Chettiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaviraja_Pandithar" title="Kaviraja Pandithar">Kaviraja Pandithar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumeni_Rathna_Kavirayar" title="Thirumeni Rathna Kavirayar">Thirumeni Rathna Kavirayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja_Kavirayar" title="Ramanuja Kavirayar">Ramanuja Kavirayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidambaram Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiru_Vi_Ka" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiru Vi Ka">Thiru Vi Ka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Varadarajan" class="mw-redirect" title="M. Varadarajan">M. Varadarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namakkal_Kavignar" class="mw-redirect" title="Namakkal Kavignar">Namakkal Kavignar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkuralar_V._Munusamy" title="Thirukkuralar V. Munusamy">V. Munusamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Nedunchezhiyan" title="V. R. Nedunchezhiyan">V. R. Nedunchezhiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devaneya_Pavanar" title="Devaneya Pavanar">Devaneya Pavanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunanidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karunanidhi">Karunanidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Pappaiah" title="Solomon Pappaiah">Solomon Pappaiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Translations_of_Tirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Translations of Tirukkural">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tirukkural_translations_by_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tirukkural translations by language">Indian<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Gujarati:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kantilal_L._Kalani" title="Kantilal L. Kalani">Kantilal L. Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._C._Kokila" title="P. C. Kokila">P. C. Kokila</a></li> <li><i>Kannada:</i> <a href="/wiki/L._Gundappa" title="L. Gundappa">L. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._M._Srikanthaiah" class="mw-redirect" title="B. M. Srikanthaiah">B. M. Srikanthaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Srinivasan_(Kural_translator)" title="S. Srinivasan (Kural translator)">S. Srinivasan</a></li> <li><i>Konkani:</i> <a href="/wiki/Narayana_Purushothama_Mallaya" title="Narayana Purushothama Mallaya">Narayana Purushothama Mallaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Gundu_Amonkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Suresh Gundu Amonkar">Suresh Gundu Amonkar</a></li> <li><i>Malayalam:</i> <a href="/wiki/G._Balakrishnan_Nair" title="G. Balakrishnan Nair">G. Balakrishnan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvallam_Bhaskaran_Nair" title="Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair">Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair</a></li> <li><i>Marathi:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Sane" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Sane">Pandurang Sadashiv Sane</a></li> <li><i>Meitei:</i> <a href="/wiki/Soibam_Rebika_Devi" title="Soibam Rebika Devi">Soibam Rebika Devi</a></li> <li><i>Odia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das_(writer)" title="Chittaranjan Das (writer)">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gananath_Das" title="Gananath Das">Gananath Das</a></li> <li><i>Punjabi:</i> <a href="/wiki/Tarlochan_Singh_Bedi" title="Tarlochan Singh Bedi">Tarlochan Singh Bedi</a></li> <li><i>Sanskrit:</i> <a href="/wiki/S._N._Sriramadesikan" title="S. N. Sriramadesikan">S. N. Sriramadesikan</a></li> <li><i>Saurashtra:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sankhu_Ram" title="Sankhu Ram">Sankhu Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirukkural_translations_into_English" title="Tirukkural translations into English">English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._V._S._Aiyar" title="V. V. S. Aiyar">V. V. S. Aiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._Balasubramaniam" title="K. M. Balasubramaniam">K. M. Balasubramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Chakravarti" title="A. Chakravarti">A. Chakravarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Drew_(Christian_missionary)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)">William Henry Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Gover" title="Charles E. Gover">Charles E. Gover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._E._Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="N. E. Kindersley">N. E. Kindersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lazarus_(Christian_missionary)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lazarus (Christian missionary)">John Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Michael" title="S. M. Michael">S. M. Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uglow_Pope" title="George Uglow Pope">George Uglow Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._Popley" class="mw-redirect" title="H. A. Popley">H. A. Popley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jewitt_Robinson" title="Edward Jewitt Robinson">Edward Jewitt Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaya_Subramuniyaswami" title="Sivaya Subramuniyaswami">Sivaya Subramuniyaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._S._Sundaram" title="P. S. Sundaram">P. S. Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Vanmikanathan" title="G. Vanmikanathan">G. Vanmikanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmons_E._White" title="Emmons E. White">Emmons E. White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tirukkural_translations_by_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tirukkural translations by language">Other<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Czech:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kamil_V._Zvelebil" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamil V. Zvelebil">Kamil V. Zvelebil</a></li> <li><i>Fijian:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Geraghty" title="Paul Geraghty">Paul Geraghty</a></li> <li><i>Finnish:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pentti_Aalto" title="Pentti Aalto">Pentti Aalto</a></li> <li><i>French:</i> <a href="/wiki/E._S._Ariel" title="E. S. Ariel">E. S. Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Alain Daniélou">Alain Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnanou_Diagou" title="Gnanou Diagou">Gnanou Diagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lamairesse" title="Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse">Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse</a></li> <li><i>German:</i> <a href="/wiki/August_Friedrich_Caemmerer" title="August Friedrich Caemmerer">August Friedrich Caemmerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Graul" title="Karl Graul">Karl Graul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_R%C3%BCckert" title="Friedrich Rückert">Friedrich Rückert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li><i>Irish:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rosenstock" title="Gabriel Rosenstock">Gabriel Rosenstock</a></li> <li><i>Japanese:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shuzo_Matsunaga" title="Shuzo Matsunaga">Shuzo Matsunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takanobu_Takahashi" title="Takanobu Takahashi">Takanobu Takahashi</a></li> <li><i>Latin:</i> <a href="/wiki/Constanzo_Beschi" title="Constanzo Beschi">Constanzo Beschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Graul" title="Karl Graul">Karl Graul</a></li> <li><i>Mandarin:</i> <a href="/wiki/Yu_Hsi" title="Yu Hsi">Yu Hsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvalluvar year">Valluvar Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kural_Peedam_Award" title="Kural Peedam Award">Kural Peedam Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar_Award" title="Thiruvalluvar Award">Thiruvalluvar Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar_Kottam" title="Valluvar Kottam">Valluvar Kottam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar_Temple,_Mylapore" title="Thiruvalluvar Temple, Mylapore">Mylapore Thiruvalluvar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar_Temple,_Tiruchuli" title="Thiruvalluvar Temple, Tiruchuli">Tiruchuli Thiruvalluvar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar_Statue" title="Thiruvalluvar Statue">Thiruvalluvar Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna_and_Tiruvalluvar_statues_installation" title="Sarvajna and Tiruvalluvar statues installation">Sarvajna and Tiruvalluvar statues installation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvalluva_Maalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvalluva Maalai">Tiruvalluva Maalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Hindu" title="A Letter to a Hindu">A Letter to a Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of Tirukkural">Impact of Tirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar_University" title="Thiruvalluvar University">Thiruvalluvar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvalluvar_Flyover" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvalluvar Flyover">Thiruvalluvar Twin Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tirukkural" title="Category:Tirukkural">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tirukkural" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tirukkural"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3347330#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3347330#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3347330#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110850752">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/115324081">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFTybd4cHkJjf6D3jwG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1059897393">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85104408">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15870868h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15870868h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p164433430">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007457646105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1456105">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/132742306">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&oldid=1256713595">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&oldid=1256713595</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_births" title="Category:1945 births">1945 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Indian_politicians" title="Category:21st-century Indian politicians">21st-century Indian politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_India_to_Iceland" title="Category:Ambassadors of India to Iceland">Ambassadors of India to Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_India_to_Norway" title="Category:Ambassadors of India to Norway">Ambassadors of India to Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_civil_servants" title="Category:Indian civil servants">Indian civil servants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Bihar" title="Category:Governors of Bihar">Governors of Bihar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_West_Bengal" title="Category:Governors of West Bengal">Governors of West Bengal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gujarati_people" title="Category:Gujarati people">Gujarati people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High_commissioners_of_India_to_South_Africa" title="Category:High commissioners of India to South Africa">High commissioners of India to South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High_commissioners_of_India_to_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:High commissioners of India to Sri Lanka">High commissioners of India to Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Family_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Category:Family of Mahatma Gandhi">Family of Mahatma Gandhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi_alumni" title="Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni">St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tamil%E2%80%93English_translators" title="Category:Tamil–English translators">Tamil–English translators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_from_English" title="Category:Translators from English">Translators from English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_to_Hindi" title="Category:Translators to Hindi">Translators to Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_the_Tirukkural_into_English" title="Category:Translators of the Tirukkural into English">Translators of the Tirukkural into English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Category:People of the Sri Lankan civil war">People of the Sri Lankan civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_School_(New_Delhi)_alumni" title="Category:Modern School (New Delhi) alumni">Modern School (New Delhi) alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2019">Articles with dead external links from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2018">Use dmy dates from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_June_2018" title="Category:Use Indian English from June 2018">Use Indian English from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 06:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gopalkrishna_Gandhi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-d8f47","wgBackendResponseTime":127,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.726","walltime":"0.917","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10775,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":138691,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6854,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":88300,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 768.271 1 -total"," 34.83% 267.569 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 19.65% 150.975 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.77% 105.767 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 13.69% 105.192 7 Template:Navbox"," 12.13% 93.165 6 Template:Cite_web"," 11.33% 87.061 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.88% 75.928 1 Template:Gandhi"," 6.45% 49.590 1 Template:Country2nationality"," 6.36% 48.839 16 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.364","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9271381,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f4smn","timestamp":"20241122142809","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gopalkrishna Gandhi","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3347330","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3347330","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-20T20:05:17Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T06:29:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/67\/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_-_Chatham_House_2010.jpg","headline":"Indian civil servant and diplomat"}</script> </body> </html>