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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biologisk_utveckling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologisk_utveckling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biologisk utveckling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologisk_utveckling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div 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vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tonium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 34 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonium" title="Tonium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tonium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="عصر التوني – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصر التوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Toni dövrü – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toni dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тоній – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тоній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тоний – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тоний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonij" title="Tonij – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tonij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonieg" title="Tonieg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tonieg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni%C3%A0" title="Tonià – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tonià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonium" title="Tonium – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tonium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tonian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_T%C3%B3nico" title="Período Tónico – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Tónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تونین – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تونین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonien" title="Tonien – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tonien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4%EA%B8%B0" title="토노스기 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토노스기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="टोनियाई कल्प – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टोनियाई कल्प" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonij" title="Tonij – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tonij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonium" title="Tonium – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toniano" title="Toniano – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Toniano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonas" title="Tonas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonium" title="Tonium – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tonium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonos" title="Tonos – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tonos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonium" title="Tonium – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tonium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="トニアン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トニアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonium" title="Tonium – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tonium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton_(geologia)" title="Ton (geologia) – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ton (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4nico_(geologia)" title="Tônico (geologia) – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tônico (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тоний – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тоний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tonian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonij" title="Tonij – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tonij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ยุคโทเนียน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคโทเนียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тоній – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тоній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_Toni" title="Kỷ Toni – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỷ Toni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%B8%E7%B4%80" title="拉伸紀 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉伸紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%B8%E7%BA%AA" title="拉伸纪 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉伸纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q743343#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tonium" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Tonium&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tonium"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tonium"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Tonium" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Tonium" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&oldid=55012070" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Tonium&id=55012070&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTonium"><span>Hämta förkortad 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title="Paleozoikum">Paleozoikum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kambrium" title="Kambrium">Kambrium</a> </td> <td><i>senare</i> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 5px solid grey;"> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoikum" title="Proterozoikum">Protero-<br />zoikum</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoikum" title="Neoproterozoikum"> Neo-<br />proterozoikum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ediacara_(geologi)" title="Ediacara (geologi)">Ediacara</a> </td> <td>635–541 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kryogenium" title="Kryogenium">Kryogenium</a> </td> <td>720–635 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:rgb(254,194,98)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tonium</a> </td> <td>1000–720 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoikum" title="Mesoproterozoikum"> Meso-<br />proterozoikum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stenium" title="Stenium">Stenium</a> </td> <td>1200–1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ectasium" title="Ectasium">Ectasium</a> </td> <td>1400–1200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalymmium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalymmium [inte skriven än]">Kalymmium</a> </td> <td>1600–1400 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoikum" title="Paleoproterozoikum"> Paleo-<br />proterozoikum</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staterium [inte skriven än]">Staterium</a> </td> <td>1800–1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orosirium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orosirium [inte skriven än]">Orosirium</a> </td> <td>2050–1800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryacium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryacium [inte skriven än]">Ryacium</a> </td> <td>2300–2050 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siderium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siderium [inte skriven än]">Siderium</a> </td> <td>2500–2300 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Arkeikum" title="Arkeikum">Arkeikum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neoarkeikum" title="Neoarkeikum">Neoarkeikum</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2800–2500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoarkeikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoarkeikum [inte skriven än]">Mesoarkeikum</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3200–2800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoarkeikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoarkeikum [inte skriven än]">Paleoarkeikum</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3600–3200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoarkeikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoarkeikum [inte skriven än]">Eoarkeikum</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4000–3600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hadeikum" title="Hadeikum">Hadeikum</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4600–4000 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 5px solid grey;"> <td colspan="3"><i>Jorden bildas</i> </td> <td><i>tidigare</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small>Se även <a href="/wiki/Geologisk_tidsskala" title="Geologisk tidsskala">Geologisk tidsskala</a>.</small> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tonium</b> är en geologisk period som varade för 1000–720 miljoner år sedan, före <a href="/wiki/Kryogenium" title="Kryogenium">Kryogenium</a> och den <a href="/wiki/Kambriska_explosionen" title="Kambriska explosionen">kambriska explosionen</a>. Perioden tillhör <a href="/wiki/Eon_(geologi)" title="Eon (geologi)">eonen</a> <a href="/wiki/Proterozoikum" title="Proterozoikum">Proterozoikum</a> och är den första perioden i eran <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoikum" title="Neoproterozoikum">Neoproterozoikum</a>. </p><p>Tonium inleddes med bildandet av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenvilles_bergskedja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenvilles bergskedja [inte skriven än]">Grenvilles bergskedja</a>, vilket var en lång process som varade för 1300 till 900 miljoner år sedan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under denna geologiska period pågick flera bergskedjebildningar globalt sett, varav Grenville var den viktigaste och hade en avgörande roll i splittrandet av superkontinenten <a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a>. </p><p>Mycket tyder på att Tonium var en relativt dynamisk period. Splittrandet av Rodinia bidrog till att havens och atmosfärens kemi förändrades.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Cyanobakterier" title="Cyanobakterier">cyanobakterier</a> och <a href="/wiki/Stromatolit" title="Stromatolit">stromatoliter</a> som fanns bidrog till att öka syrehalten i jordens atmosfär och att bilda ett tjockare ozonlager. Uppskattningsvis steg syrehalten i atmosfären till 1 % av dagens nivåer. Jordens landmiljöer var fortfarande obeboeliga och exponerade för stark solstrålning. Under Tonium och tidigare geologiska perioder snurrade jordklotet snabbare och ett dygn utgjordes av ca 20–21 timmar. Ett år bestod därmed också av fler dygn, ungefär 450 stycken. </p><p>Rodinia började sönderdelas under slutet av perioden, och tycks ha splittrats i flera mindre kontinenter för 725 miljoner år sedan. Under loppet av ca 150 miljoner år hade flera dotterkontinenter till Rodinia bildats, samt det ganska vidsträckta <a href="/wiki/Iapetushavet" title="Iapetushavet">Iapetushavet</a>, ett hav som skulle finnas i flera miljoner år till. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologisk_utveckling">Biologisk utveckling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biologisk utveckling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biologisk utveckling"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tonium bjöd inte på en lika hög diversitet och inte lika komplexa livsformer som senare geologiska perioder efter den kambriska explosionen, men det finns påträffade fossil av framförallt enklare, flercelliga organismer. Fossil av arten <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otavia_antiqua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otavia antiqua [inte skriven än]">Otavia antiqua</a></i>, en flercellig organism som liknade dagens svampdjur, har hittats i dagens Namibia och härrör från den här perioden. </p><p>Stromatoliter tycks ha varit de dominerande och största livsformerna. Vid Toniums början för ca 1000 miljoner år sedan fanns en stor diversitet och många olika arter. Men för ungefär 800 miljoner år sedan blev miljön mer instabil och stromatoliternas diversitet minskade markant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Denna artikel är helt eller delvis baserad på engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</i></li> <li><i>Denna artikel är helt eller delvis baserad på tyskspråkiga Wikipedia</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonium&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fotnoter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickpe.com/labise/arquivos/book_chapters/09.pdf">”The Neoproterozoic and Cambrian: A Time of Upheavals, Extremes and Innovations”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clickpe.com/labise/arquivos/book_chapters/09.pdf">http://www.clickpe.com/labise/arquivos/book_chapters/09.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 juni 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Neoproterozoic+and+Cambrian%3A+A+Time+of+Upheavals%2C+Extremes+and+Innovations&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickpe.com%2Flabise%2Farquivos%2Fbook_chapters%2F09.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tonium"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFPoulton">Poulton, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/earths-boring-billion-years-of-stagnant-stinking-oceans-might-actually-have-been-rather-dynamic-120134">”Earth’s 'boring billion' years of stagnant, stinking oceans might actually have been rather dynamic”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>The Conversation</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://theconversation.com/earths-boring-billion-years-of-stagnant-stinking-oceans-might-actually-have-been-rather-dynamic-120134">http://theconversation.com/earths-boring-billion-years-of-stagnant-stinking-oceans-might-actually-have-been-rather-dynamic-120134</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 juni 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Earth%E2%80%99s+%27boring+billion%27+years+of+stagnant%2C+stinking+oceans+might+actually+have+been+rather+dynamic&rft.atitle=The+Conversation&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Poulton%2C+Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fearths-boring-billion-years-of-stagnant-stinking-oceans-might-actually-have-been-rather-dynamic-120134&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tonium"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tonium&oldid=55012070">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tonium&oldid=55012070</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Neoproterozoikum" title="Kategori:Neoproterozoikum">Neoproterozoikum</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 24 juni 2024 kl. 17.41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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