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Vetenskapligt namn – Wikipedia

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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Binomial nomenklatur i biologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Binomial_nomenklatur_i_biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oklarhet_om_”artnamn”_och_”artepitet”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oklarhet_om_”artnamn”_och_”artepitet”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Oklarhet om ”artnamn” och ”artepitet”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oklarhet_om_”artnamn”_och_”artepitet”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Taxon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typer"> <div 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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vetenskapligt namn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 14 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cientifico" title="Nombre cientifico – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nombre cientifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_cient%C3%ADficu" title="Nome científicu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nome científicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CC%8Dk-mi%C3%A2" title="Ha̍k-miâ – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ha̍k-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name" title="Scientific name – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scientific name" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Nombre científico – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombre científico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_scientifique" title="Nom scientifique – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom scientifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%99%EB%AA%85" title="학명 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="학명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_scientifico" title="Nome scientifico – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nome scientifico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fk-mi%C3%A0ng" title="Hŏk-miàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏk-miàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D" title="学名 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="学名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitskapleg_namn" title="Vitskapleg namn – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitskapleg namn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Название научное – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Название научное" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="學名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="學名" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vetenskapligt_namn"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Vetenskapligt_namn" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Vetenskapligt_namn" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;oldid=55994809" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&amp;page=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;id=55994809&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVetenskapligt_namn"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVetenskapligt_namn"><span>Ladda 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class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg/190px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="487" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg/285px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg/380px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo-sv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Det <a href="/wiki/Systematik_(biologi)" title="Systematik (biologi)">hierarkiska systemet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ett <b>vetenskapligt namn</b> är ett <a href="/wiki/Namn" class="mw-redirect" title="Namn">namn</a> som följer internationellt överenskomna principer och som används för att skapa en standardiserad <a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur" title="Nomenklatur">nomenklatur</a> inom ett vetenskapligt fält. Inom <a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">zoologi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik">botanik</a> används exempelvis en <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenklatur" title="Binomial nomenklatur">binomial nomenklatur</a>. Vetenskapliga namn ges dock även till företeelser, fenomen och egenskaper. </p><p>Inom <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Västerländsk">västerländsk</a> forskning är de vetenskapliga namnen oftast en blandning av <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>, med inslag av andra språk, men oftast i latiniserad språkdräkt. Beroende på forskarsamhällets gemensamma språk för internationell kommunikation och vetenskapligt utbyte ges föremål och företeelser namn inom det aktuella forskningsfältet på det vanligast förekommande språket. På grund av det starka latinska inflytandet på dessa namn används felaktigt begreppet <i><b>latinskt namn</b></i>. </p><p>Inom medicinsk forskning har den västerländska traditionen grekiska och latinska benämningar, men numera har ett allt större inflytande av engelska utvecklats. Det internationella utbytet har också utökats med framstående <a href="/wiki/Naturvetenskap" title="Naturvetenskap">naturvetenskapliga</a> <a href="/wiki/Forskare" title="Forskare">forskare</a> från till exempel <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>. </p><p>Också inom samhällsvetenskaplig och humanistisk forskning, som <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a>, språkvetenskap och litteratur ges övergripande och detaljerade fenomen gemensamma internationellt accepterade namn för att underlätta utbytet av vetenskapliga fynd forskare emellan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Binomial_nomenklatur_i_biologi">Binomial nomenklatur i biologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Binomial nomenklatur i biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Binomial nomenklatur i biologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel&#58; <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenklatur" title="Binomial nomenklatur">Binomial nomenklatur</a></dd></dl></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenklatur" title="Binomial nomenklatur">Binomial nomenklatur</a> är vetenskapliga namn som används inom <a href="/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik">botanik</a> och <a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">zoologi</a> för att <a href="/wiki/Systematik_(biologi)" title="Systematik (biologi)">systematisera</a> <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> av levande organismer. <i>Binomial</i> syftar på det tvådelade namn som namnger en <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, där det första ledet är <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A4kte_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Släkte (biologi)">släktnamnet</a> och det andra ledet är <a href="/wiki/Artepitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Artepitet">artepitet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oklarhet_om_”artnamn”_och_”artepitet”"><span id="Oklarhet_om_.E2.80.9Dartnamn.E2.80.9D_och_.E2.80.9Dartepitet.E2.80.9D"></span>Oklarhet om ”artnamn” och ”artepitet”</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Oklarhet om ”artnamn” och ”artepitet”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Oklarhet om ”artnamn” och ”artepitet”"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På svenska kallas andra ordet i binomiala vetenskapliga artnamn ofta ”artepitet” för alla arter. Det internationella regelverket <i>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</i> säger att andra ordet skall kallas ”specific epithet” i namn på växter, alger och svampar,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men <i>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</i> säger i sin engelska version att andra ordet skall kallas ”specific name” i djurnamn<sup id="cite_ref-ICZN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICZN-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Den franska versionen av regelverket för djur, <i>Code International de Nomenclature Zoologique</i> säger att andra ordet i ett vetenskapligt artnamn kallas ”l’épithète spécifique (ou nom spécifique)”.<sup id="cite_ref-ICZNfr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICZNfr-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De engelska och de franska versionerna har lika auktoritet enligt International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), men ICZN medger att där finns språkliga skillnader mellan den engelska och den franska texten, vilket skapar (av ICZN icke specificerade) oklarheter om versionernas auktoritativa mening.<sup id="cite_ref-ICZN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICZN-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Att skriva ”artnamn” om andra ordet i ett vetenskapligt namn på svenska är därför fel i botanik, men fullt möjligt i zoologi, fast även zoologer ofta skriver ”artepitet” på svenska. En svårighet är, att svenskan ej kan göra samma skillnad som engelskan (liksom franskan) kan göra mellan ”species name” (hela det tvåledade vetenskapliga namnet) och ”specific name” (senare ordet i ett tvåledat vetenskapligt namn). </p><p>Ett exempel på ett vetenskapligt namn är <i><a href="/wiki/Pyracantha_angustifolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyracantha angustifolia">Pyracantha angustifolia</a></i>, där släktnamnet <i>Pyracantha</i> är latiniserad grekiska för <a href="/wiki/Eldtornssl%C3%A4ktet" title="Eldtornssläktet">eldtorn</a> och artepitetet <i>angustifolia</i> är latin för "har smala blad". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxon">Taxon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Taxon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Taxon"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Taxonomi" title="Taxonomi">Taxonomi</a></b> är vetenskapen om indelning – eller klassificering – av organismerna i <i><a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a></i>, det vill säga <a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A4n_(biologi)" title="Domän (biologi)">domän</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi)">rike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stam (biologi)">stam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klass_(biologi)" title="Klass (biologi)">klass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordning_(biologi)" title="Ordning (biologi)">ordning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Familj_(biologi)" title="Familj (biologi)">familj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A4kte" title="Släkte">släkten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underart" title="Underart">underart</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-IAPT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAPT-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typer">Typer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Typer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Typer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Typ_(biologi)" title="Typ (biologi)">Typ</a> är ett annat begrepp inom taxonomin. En typ är det första taxon som beskrevs av en art, ett släkte, en familj etc, och som sedan fungerar som referens för den taxonomiska gruppen. Användandet och appliceringen av <i>typer</i> regleras inom <a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">zoologin</a> av <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> (ICZN) som ger ut referensverket "International Code on Zoological Nomenclature".<sup id="cite_ref-CodeGlossary_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CodeGlossary-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inom botaniken finns motsvarigheten i <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a> (ICN), vilken underhålls av <a href="/wiki/IBC_(botanisk_kongress)" title="IBC (botanisk kongress)">International Association of Plant Taxonomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAPT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAPT-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enligt ICZN är <i>typ</i> en term som används som ett ord, eller bildar en del av ett sammansatt ord, för att beteckna ett speciellt exemplar eller taxon. En typ fungerar således som referens för definitionen av ett specifikt <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a>. Det innebär att om man vill veta vad <a href="/wiki/Auktorsnamn" title="Auktorsnamn">auktorn</a> till <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kockelella_variabilis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kockelella variabilis [inte skriven än]">Kockelella variabilis</a></i> menade med just det namnet, måste man alltid gå tillbaka till den relevanta typen för vidare jämförelse. I det ovan nämnda fallet är den publicerad av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Walliser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Walliser [inte skriven än]">Otto Walliser</a> <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomi" title="Taxonomi">Taxonomi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetenskapligt_namn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">”International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants”</a>&#32;(på engelska). International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 22 december 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vetenskapligt_namn"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICZN-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">”International Code of Zoological Nomenclature”</a>&#32;(på engelska). International Union of Biological Sciences. 2000<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 22 december 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pub=International+Union+of+Biological+Sciences&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iczn.org%2Fthe-code%2Fthe-code-online%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vetenskapligt_namn"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICZNfr-3"><a href="#cite_ref-ICZNfr_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iczn.org/assets/Uploads/c1fce17847/Code-International-de-Nomenclature-Zoologique.pdf">”Code International de Nomenclature Zoologique”</a>&#32;(på franska). International Union of Biological Sciences. 2000<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/assets/Uploads/c1fce17847/Code-International-de-Nomenclature-Zoologique.pdf">https://www.iczn.org/assets/Uploads/c1fce17847/Code-International-de-Nomenclature-Zoologique.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 22 december 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Code+International+de+Nomenclature+Zoologique&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pub=International+Union+of+Biological+Sciences&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iczn.org%2Fassets%2FUploads%2Fc1fce17847%2FCode-International-de-Nomenclature-Zoologique.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vetenskapligt_namn"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAPT-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-IAPT_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAPT_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art2">”International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, Melbourne Code – CHAPTER I. Taxa and their ranks Article 2”</a>&#32;(på engelska). 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art2">http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art2</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 2 januari 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants%2C+Melbourne+Code+%E2%80%93+CHAPTER+I.+Taxa+and+their+ranks+Article+2&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php%3Fpage%3Dart2&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vetenskapligt_namn"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CodeGlossary-5"><a href="#cite_ref-CodeGlossary_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp">”ICZN Code Glossary”</a>&#32;(på engelska). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp">http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 2 januari 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=ICZN+Code+Glossary&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=International+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Fhosted-sites%2Ficzn%2Fcode%2Findex.jsp&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vetenskapligt_namn"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; 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