A measurement-based approach to 5G supply chain security

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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top"> <div class="nist-block"> <a class="usa-button usa-button--accent-cool" href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs">PROJECTS/PROGRAMS</a> </div> <div class="nist-block"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">A measurement-based approach to 5G supply chain security</h1> </div> <div class="nist-block">  <div data-elastic-exclude class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper"> <h2 class="nist-social__title">Share</h2> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <div class="nist-social__wrapper--share"> <div> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security" title="Facebook" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-gray"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> </div> <div> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security&source=https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security" title="Linkedin" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-gray"> <span>Linkedin</span> </a> </div> <div> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security&status=https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security" title="Twitter" class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-gray"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/mailto:/?subject=NIST.gov&body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security" title="Email" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-gray"> <span>Email</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8"> <div class="nist-block gray-box"> <div class="text-long"> <h2>Summary</h2> <p>Revolutionizing the American economy comes from advancements in communication networks that enable a fully connected world through millions of devices providing on-demand access to data, systems, and each other. We must be able to trust the privacy, security, authenticity, and reliability of these devices, as well as the advanced networks that support them as we continue to realize the full economic potential of real-time access to data and systems.   The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security" title="https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-based-approach-5g-supply-chain-security">project team</a> has released a report with recommendations: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.1278.pdf" title="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/specialpublications/nist.sp.1278.pdf">5G Hardware Supply Chain Security Through Physical Measurements (nist.gov)</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Description</h2> <div class="text-with-summary"> <div class="margin-left-4 margin-bottom-2 align-right"> <figure class="nist-image"> <img src="/web/20230208095940im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2020/09/10/Robert%20Lucian%20Crusitu_circuit_SS_104531981.jpg?itok=IFRsI_Un" width="480" height="300" alt="A close-up view of a circuit board shows a square with yellow dots surrounded by blue lines." title="Circuit board" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption"> <div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content"> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> Shutterstock </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <p>NIST is working with a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders to define both the cybersecurity standards for 5G and beyond hardware and to secure the supply chain through developing technology that can detect corrupted hardware before it is put in use.  <span><span>For an overview of NIST cybersecurity and privacy activities see </span></span><span><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity | NIST</a> </span></span></p> <p>Just as provenance methods and physical measurements (forensic science) are complementary tools for verifying the authenticity of a piece of art, physical measurements can complement a provenance-based framework for supply-chain and cybersecurity. Our NIST team is exploring the use of physical measurements to ensure that the hardware systems are free of counterfeit <span><span><span>components with vulnerabilities, or poor quality components, </span><span><span>which may</span></span> <span>cause: data loss, modification or disruption, or unanticipated failures and loss of system availability</span><span><span>.</span></span></span></span></p> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> </h2> <p>The CTL physical measurements team is working to leverage technical expertise and commercial outreach: </p> <ol><li>Leveraging NIST expertise in 5G and beyond systems, precision signal measurement, over-the-air test, circuit and material characterization, and statistical analysis to develop measurement-based approaches to ensure supply-chain security for 5G and beyond hardware. In particular, NIST plans to demonstrate: <ul><li>The advantage of advanced measurement techniques to discriminate system and circuit behavioral signatures from measurement noise and other sources of error.</li> <li>How NIST traceable calibrations and documented procedures can make measurements reproducible at any facility </li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2021/05/securing-5g-supply-chain-workshop">A NIST-sponsored workshop </a>on physical measurements for 5G+ hardware supply chain authentication and security. This workshop will assemble key stakeholders to focus on the following goals: <ul><li>Capture different stakeholder perspectives on how measurement-based countermeasures might mitigate various threats, vulnerabilities, and risks inherent in complex 5G and beyond hardware, and how measurement-based security procedures might complement or enhance a provenance-based security strategy. </li> <li>Provide a broad overview of state-of-the-art methods for, and research on, measurements for validating the authenticity of 5G and beyond hardware </li> <li>Explore how measurements and measurements-based standards can be adopted by industry and government to validate the authenticity of 5G and beyond hardware. </li> <li>Clarify the barriers to industry and government in the adoption of measurement-based approaches for validating the authenticity of 5G and beyond equipment. </li> </ul></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block">  <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-tags"> <a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/topic-terms/wireless-rf" hreflang="en">Wireless (RF)</a> and <a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/topic-terms/supply-chain" hreflang="en">Supply chain</a></div>  </div> </div> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-second tablet-lg:grid-col-4"> <div>  <div class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--org" data-elastic-exclude=""> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Organizations</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-46c74511ed8057c3418b98847b979a10a8283ffba32344f7c5eb7f2564239698"> <div class="nist-related-orgs"><div class="term-tree-list"> <ul class="term"><li><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters" class="selected" hreflang="en">NIST Headquarters</a></li><li><ul class="term"><li><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs" class="selected" hreflang="en">Laboratory Programs</a></li><li><ul class="term"><li><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs/communications-technology-laboratory" class="selected" hreflang="en">Communications Technology Laboratory</a></li><li><ul class="term"><li><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/nist-organizations/nist-headquarters/laboratory-programs/communications-technology-laboratory/rf" class="selected" hreflang="en">RF Technology Division</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> <div class="nist-related-orgs"></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Contact</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li role="article" about="/people/paul-d-hale" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/people/paul-d-hale" title="View staff profile page">Paul D. Hale</a></div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/mailto:paul.hale@nist.gov">paul.hale@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-5367 </div> </li> <li role="article" about="/people/melissa-midzor" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/people/melissa-midzor" title="View staff profile page">Melissa Midzor</a></div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/mailto:melissa.midzor@nist.gov">melissa.midzor@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-3591 </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Project Status</h2> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Related NIST Projects</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list entity-reference"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cybersecurity-smart-grid-systems" hreflang="en">Cybersecurity for Smart Grid Systems</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/device-level-anomaly-framework-dare" hreflang="en">Device-level Anomaly fRamEwork (DARE)</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Related Publications</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list entity-reference"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/publications/identifying-rf-identification-cards-measurements-resonance-and-carrier-harmonics" hreflang="en">Identifying RF Identification Cards from Measurements of Resonance and Carrier Harmonics</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/publications/electromagnetic-measurements-counterfeit-detection-radio-frequency-identification-cards" hreflang="en">Electromagnetic Measurements for Counterfeit Detection of Radio-Frequency Identification Cards</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/publications/electromagnetic-signatures-wlan-cards-and-network-security" hreflang="en">Electromagnetic Signatures of WLAN Cards and Network Security</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/publications/characterizing-lte-user-equipment-emissions-factor-screening" hreflang="en">Characterizing LTE User Equipment Emissions: Factor Screening</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/publications/waveform-metrology-signal-measurements-modulated-world" hreflang="en">Waveform metrology: Signal measurements in a modulated world</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Other Projects</h2> <div class="text-long"><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2021/05/securing-5g-supply-chain-workshop">Securing the 5G Supply Chain Workshop | NIST</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cyber-supply-chain-risk-management">Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management | CSRC (nist.gov</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.nist.gov/ctl/nasctn/projects/aggregate-lte-emissions">Aggregate LTE Emissions | NIST</a></p> <p><span><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208095940/https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/projects/building-blocks/supply-chain-assurance">NCCoE Supply Chain Assurance Project</a></span></span></p> <p> </p></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"> <div 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A measurement-based approach to 5G supply chain security | NIST