Asymmetric Property Visibility in PHP 8.4

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wire:id="QgApEWYgH2HwIAYCao57"> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" as="image" href="https://picperf.io/https://laravelnews.s3.amazonaws.com/featured-images/asymmetric-property-php-84-featured.png" /> <article> <div class="relative bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 to-white"> <div class="h-[160px] sm:h-[148px] md:h-[180px]"></div> <div class="absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0 h-1/4 w-full bg-white"></div> <div class=" relative mx-auto w-full max-w-4xl px-6 pt-10" > <h1 class="text-4xl font-bold sm:text-5xl md:text-6xl">Asymmetric Property Visibility in PHP 8.4</h1> <div class="mt-6 flex items-center gap-3"> <p class="text-xs text-gray-600"> Last updated on <time itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2024-11-19T20:21:54" > November 19th, 2024 </time> by <a class="inline-flex rounded-sm transition duration-300 leading-none focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-red-600/80 hover:text-red-600" href="/@paulredmond" rel="author" wire:navigate.hover > Paul Redmond </a> </p> </div> <img src="https://picperf.io/https://laravelnews.s3.amazonaws.com/featured-images/asymmetric-property-php-84-featured.png" alt="Asymmetric Property Visibility in PHP 8.4 image" class="mt-12 aspect-[2/1] w-full overflow-hidden rounded-xl object-cover shadow-card" /> </div> </div> <div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-4xl px-6 py-20"> <div class="prose max-w-4xl break-words prose-a:text-red-600 prose-a:transition prose-a:hover:text-red-700 prose-pre:rounded-lg prose-pre:bg-gray-100/50 prose-pre:p-6 prose-img:mx-auto prose-img:rounded-lg prose-img:border prose-img:border-gray-100" > <p>PHP 8.4 is scheduled to be released tomorrow, and one exciting feature we haven't covered yet is <strong>Asymmetric Property Visibility</strong>. Starting in PHP 8.4, properties may also have their visibility set asymmetrically with a different scope for reading and writing. Here's an example from the <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.visibility.php#language.oop5.visibility-members-aviz">documentation</a>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="github-light" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #fff; --theme-selection-background: #e2e5e9;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D73A49;">class</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #6F42C1;">Book</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">public</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">function</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #005CC5;">__construct</span><span style="color: #24292E;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> public private(set) </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">string</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $title,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> public protected(set) </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">string</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $author,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> protected private(set) </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">int</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $pubYear,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> ) {}</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;">}</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #D73A49;">class</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #6F42C1;">SpecialBook</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #6F42C1;">Book</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">public</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">function</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color: #24292E;">(</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">string</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $author, </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">int</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $year)</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">:</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #005CC5;">$this</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">-></span><span style="color: #24292E;">author </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">=</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $author; </span><span style="color: #6A737D;">// OK</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #005CC5;">$this</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">-></span><span style="color: #24292E;">pubYear </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">=</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $year; </span><span style="color: #6A737D;">// Fatal Error</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;">}</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #24292E;">$b </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">=</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #D73A49;">new</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> </span><span style="color: #005CC5;">Book</span><span style="color: #24292E;">(</span><span style="color: #032F62;">'How to PHP'</span><span style="color: #24292E;">, </span><span style="color: #032F62;">'Peter H. Peterson'</span><span style="color: #24292E;">, </span><span style="color: #005CC5;">2024</span><span style="color: #24292E;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $b</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">-></span><span style="color: #24292E;">title; </span><span style="color: #6A737D;">// How to PHP</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $b</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">-></span><span style="color: #24292E;">author; </span><span style="color: #6A737D;">// Peter H. Peterson</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color: #24292E;"> $b</span><span style="color: #D73A49;">-></span><span style="color: #24292E;">pubYear; </span><span style="color: #6A737D;">// Fatal Error</span></div></code></pre> <p>Providing public access to a property but preventing a <code>(set)</code> publicly is illustrated in how both <code>$title</code> and <code>$author</code> can be accessed publicly. However, you can see granular control is how these properties can be set (protected or private). Class properties must have a type to set a separate visiblity, and <code>set</code> must be the same or more restrictive than <code>get</code>.</p> <p>Follow our <a href="https://laravel-news.com/php-8-4-0">PHP 8.4</a> post to get updates as PHP 8.4 is released on November 21st!</p> </div> <div class="mt-12"> <div class="flex flex-col items-start space-y-4 sm:flex-row sm:space-x-6 sm:space-y-0"> <img class="h-20 w-20 rounded-lg object-cover" src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/d9691184a54bfa1defe3dc7d625bc959?s=200" alt="Paul Redmond photo" /> <div> <p class="font-display text-2xl font-bold leading-none text-black" itemprop="author"> <a class="inline-flex rounded-sm transition duration-300 leading-none focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-red-600/80" href="/@paulredmond" rel="author" wire:navigate.hover > Paul Redmond </a> </p> <div class="prose prose-sm mt-2 text-gray-600 prose-a:text-red-600 prose-a:transition prose-a:hover:text-red-700" > <p>Staff writer at Laravel News. 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