CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1980 United States presidential election - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d67adc2c-6256-4f57-9ccc-98e8c72fe1c9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1980_United_States_presidential_election","wgTitle":"1980 United States presidential election","wgCurRevisionId":1259347784 ,"wgRevisionId":1259347784,"wgArticleId":40570,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1980_United_States_presidential_election","wgRelevantArticleId":40570,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true },"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga", "autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy", "autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym": "адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym": "Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym": "नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym": "Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym": "ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki", "kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast", "azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q699716","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.imagemap.styles":"ready", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.imagemap","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages", "ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.imagemap.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/1200px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="698"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/800px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="465"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/640px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="372"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="1980 United States presidential election - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1980_United_States_presidential_election rootpage-1980_United_States_presidential_election stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1980+United+States+presidential+election" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=1980+United+States+presidential+election" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1980 United States presidential election</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:1980_United_States_presidential_election" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1980+United+States+presidential+election" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on November 4, 1980. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee, former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a>. This was the second <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">consecutive</a> election in which an incumbent president was defeated, although <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> assumed the presidency after President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> resigned and was not elected, as well as the first election since <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a> that saw the defeat of an incumbent Democratic president. <table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1980 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"><hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class="">November 4, 1980</td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr>538 members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a> 270 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">54.2%<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.6 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/114px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/171px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg/228px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="2355"></a> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/116px-Carter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/174px-Carter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/232px-Carter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1490"></a> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/File:John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/116px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/232px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="1873"></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (United States)">Independent</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Patrick Lucey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">489 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">49 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">44 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6 + <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">DC</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">43,903,230 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">35,481,115 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">5,719,850 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">50.7% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">41.0% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6.6% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/348px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="348" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/522px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ElectoralCollege1980.svg/696px-ElectoralCollege1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" usemap="#ImageMap_7c5a6485eeaa53aa" resource="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1980.svg"><map name="ImageMap_7c5a6485eeaa53aa"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" shape="poly" coords="10,50,17,53,24,55,31,57,26,79,50,115,50,116,51,118,51,120,52,121,52,121,51,122,50,123,49,124,49,125,49,125,47,127,47,130,48,131,48,132,42,132,31,130,32,125,28,120,26,120,25,122,26,122,26,123,25,123,25,122,24,125,25,126,25,127,24,127,24,126,24,125,24,125,25,122,24,121,25,121,25,122,26,120,26,119,26,117,25,117,24,117,24,117,23,116,22,116,18,116,16,116,15,115,16,115,16,115,17,116,18,116,17,115,17,115,18,115,19,116,19,116,19,116,22,116,23,116,23,116,21,114,21,114,20,113,19,113,18,112,17,112,15,111,14,110,14,109,15,107,15,107,15,106,15,105,15,104,13,102,13,101,12,99,12,97,10,96,11,93,11,93,12,92,12,91,11,90,11,90,10,89,9,87,10,85,10,84,10,83,8,81,8,79,6,74,5,72,6,70,6,69,6,66,6,64,5,63,5,63,5,62,5,60,8,59,9,55,9,52" alt="1980 United States presidential election in California" title="1980 United States presidential election in California"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" shape="poly" coords="10,50,9,48,9,47,10,44,12,41,13,39,15,35,17,30,18,27,20,22,21,21,23,21,23,22,24,22,25,23,25,26,27,28,29,28,30,27,30,27,31,28,32,28,32,28,33,28,34,29,35,29,35,29,36,29,36,29,39,29,39,29,40,29,40,29,45,29,55,31,55,33,56,34,56,35,56,35,55,36,54,38,54,38,54,39,53,40,52,40,51,42,50,43,50,44,51,44,51,44,52,45,51,45,48,60,30,56,19,53" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Oregon" title="1980 United States presidential election in Oregon"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" shape="poly" coords="55,31,55,28,59,10,40,4,32,2,31,3,32,3,32,4,31,4,30,4,29,4,29,4,29,4,29,5,30,5,30,5,30,5,30,6,30,6,31,5,31,4,32,4,32,5,32,6,32,9,32,10,32,10,32,11,32,11,31,10,31,9,31,8,31,8,31,7,31,7,30,7,30,8,30,9,29,8,27,8,25,7,25,6,24,6,22,4,21,4,21,4,21,6,20,6,20,7,21,8,21,13,21,13,21,13,21,14,22,15,22,15,21,15,20,16,20,16,21,17,21,17,21,18,21,18,20,19,20,20,20,20,20,20,21,20,21,20,22,20,22,20,23,20,23,21,25,21,25,22,26,23,26,26,27,27,29,27,30,27,31,27,33,28,34,28,36,28,37,29,39,29,39,28,41,28,41,29,46,29" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Washington (state)" title="1980 United States presidential election in Washington (state)"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" shape="poly" coords="60,10,64,10,63,16,63,18,63,20,64,20,63,21,63,23,64,23,65,24,66,26,67,28,68,29,68,29,69,29,69,31,66,36,66,37,68,38,69,38,70,37,71,43,73,45,73,47,74,48,74,47,75,47,76,47,77,47,78,47,79,47,80,48,81,48,81,47,82,47,83,48,83,48,80,66,64,63,48,60,52,46,53,45,52,44,51,44,51,43,52,42,53,40,54,40,54,39,56,36,57,35,57,33,56,33,56,28,57,23,58,16" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Idaho" title="1980 United States presidential election in Idaho"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" shape="poly" coords="50,115,26,79,32,57,46,60,64,64,56,107,55,108,54,107,52,106,51,107,51,114" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Nevada" title="1980 United States presidential election in Nevada"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" shape="poly" coords="57,101,64,64,80,67,79,75,90,76,89,84,86,105" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Utah" title="1980 United States presidential election in Utah"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" shape="poly" coords="80,148,67,146,46,133,46,133,47,132,49,132,49,131,49,130,48,130,48,128,50,126,50,124,50,123,53,121,53,120,52,120,52,118,51,117,51,116,51,115,52,108,53,107,54,107,55,108,56,108,56,107,57,101,70,103,76,105,86,106,83,128" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Arizona" title="1980 United States presidential election in Arizona"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" shape="poly" coords="64,11,86,15,104,17,123,19,122,35,121,48,103,47,84,44,84,48,83,47,83,46,81,46,80,47,80,47,79,47,77,47,77,47,76,47,75,46,74,47,73,47,73,45,72,42,71,37,70,36,69,38,68,38,67,37,67,36,70,30,69,29,68,29,67,27,66,26,66,25,65,24,64,23,64,21,64,20,63,18" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Montana" title="1980 United States presidential election in Montana"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" shape="poly" coords="79,74,85,45,102,47,121,49,119,66,118,78" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Wyoming" title="1980 United States presidential election in Wyoming"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" shape="poly" coords="87,105,89,88,90,76,110,78,130,80,128,109,108,108" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Colorado" title="1980 United States presidential election in Colorado"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" shape="poly" coords="81,148,85,119,87,106,113,109,122,110,121,113,121,113,119,146,109,146,96,145,96,147,90,146,86,145,86,148" alt="1980 United States presidential election in New Mexico" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Mexico"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" shape="poly" coords="122,41,123,30,124,19,131,20,145,21,157,21,158,22,158,28,158,29,158,30,159,31,159,35,160,36,160,39,160,40,161,43,142,43" alt="1980 United States presidential election in North Dakota" title="1980 United States presidential election in North Dakota"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" shape="poly" coords="120,64,122,42,140,43,161,44,161,45,159,46,159,47,161,48,161,61,160,62,160,64,161,65,161,66,160,68,159,67,157,67,156,66,154,66,153,67,150,65,144,65,131,64" alt="1980 United States presidential election in South Dakota" title="1980 United States presidential election in South Dakota"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" shape="poly" coords="167,88,166,86,165,85,164,83,164,80,164,79,164,77,163,76,162,72,161,70,160,70,160,69,156,67,154,67,153,68,150,65,143,65,120,64,119,79,130,80,130,87,149,88,152,88" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Nebraska" title="1980 United States presidential election in Nebraska"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" shape="poly" coords="128,109,130,88,143,88,167,89,168,90,169,90,170,90,169,91,169,92,171,95,172,100,172,111,149,110" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Kansas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Kansas"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" shape="poly" coords="122,113,122,110,138,110,152,111,172,111,172,114,172,116,173,124,173,136,172,136,170,135,169,134,169,134,168,135,167,135,166,134,166,134,165,135,164,135,163,135,163,135,162,136,161,136,160,135,159,135,159,134,158,134,158,135,157,136,157,136,155,135,155,134,153,134,153,135,152,135,151,134,151,133,151,133,149,133,149,133,148,133,148,133,147,132,146,132,146,132,144,132,144,131,144,130,143,131,142,131,142,130,141,131,140,129,140,122,140,117,140,114" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Oklahoma" title="1980 United States presidential election in Oklahoma"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" shape="poly" coords="119,147,120,128,122,114,140,115,139,124,139,129,141,131,143,131,144,131,144,132,145,132,146,133,147,133,149,134,149,133,150,133,152,135,153,135,153,135,154,135,155,136,157,136,158,135,160,136,162,136,163,136,163,136,164,135,165,136,166,135,167,135,168,135,169,135,172,136,173,137,174,138,175,137,176,137,176,147,176,148,176,149,177,150,177,152,179,154,179,156,179,158,178,159,178,160,178,161,178,162,178,164,178,165,178,166,175,167,174,168,172,168,172,169,170,170,166,174,163,175,159,177,158,178,156,180,155,180,154,180,155,181,154,186,154,188,154,191,155,193,155,194,156,193,155,191,155,189,155,188,154,188,154,185,155,182,157,180,158,178,159,178,159,178,157,180,156,181,155,182,154,186,155,186,155,188,155,188,155,190,156,190,156,191,156,193,156,193,154,195,153,195,152,194,151,193,149,193,147,192,145,192,143,191,142,189,142,188,142,187,141,186,141,184,140,184,140,183,141,182,140,181,139,181,137,178,135,176,135,175,133,171,133,170,133,169,133,169,130,166,130,166,129,165,127,165,127,164,123,164,123,164,122,164,121,164,119,165,119,167,118,168,118,169,117,170,116,170,115,169,113,168,112,167,111,167,108,164,107,162,107,159,106,158,106,157,105,155,104,155,101,151,100,150,98,149,98,148,97,147,96,147,96,145,108,146" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Texas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Texas"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" shape="poly" coords="162,61,162,48,160,47,160,46,161,45,161,40,160,39,160,36,160,34,160,34,160,30,158,28,158,23,159,22,158,21,158,21,168,21,168,18,170,19,170,21,171,23,172,23,173,24,175,24,175,24,176,24,178,23,180,24,182,25,183,25,184,25,184,26,185,27,186,27,188,27,190,26,190,26,191,27,191,27,191,27,194,27,195,28,196,27,197,27,195,28,194,29,192,30,191,30,188,32,188,33,187,34,183,38,183,42,180,44,180,46,181,47,181,48,180,49,180,53,182,54,183,54,184,55,184,55,187,58,188,58,189,59,189,61,175,61" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Minnesota" title="1980 United States presidential election in Minnesota"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" shape="poly" coords="166,84,165,83,165,80,165,79,164,79,164,77,163,76,163,74,162,72,162,70,161,69,161,69,161,67,161,66,162,64,161,63,161,62,172,62,190,62,190,62,191,63,190,64,190,66,191,68,193,68,193,69,193,69,194,70,194,71,196,72,196,74,195,75,195,75,194,76,192,76,191,77,191,79,192,79,192,80,191,81,191,83,190,83,190,84,190,85,189,84,189,83,176,83" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Iowa" title="1980 United States presidential election in Iowa"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" shape="poly" coords="172,114,172,97,172,96,172,94,169,92,169,91,170,91,170,90,170,89,168,89,166,86,166,84,188,84,189,85,189,88,190,89,190,90,193,93,194,94,194,95,195,96,197,96,198,96,198,98,197,98,196,101,199,104,201,104,202,105,202,106,202,106,202,107,202,108,203,109,203,110,204,110,205,112,202,114,202,116,202,116,202,117,200,118,199,117,199,117,200,116,200,114,199,114,184,114" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Missouri" title="1980 United States presidential election in Missouri"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" shape="poly" coords="194,140,176,140,176,138,175,137,174,137,174,137,173,137,173,123,173,121,173,117,172,115,172,115,183,115,199,114,199,115,199,116,198,117,198,117,198,118,201,118,201,119,201,119,201,120,199,121,199,122,199,123,199,124,198,125,198,126,197,127,197,128,197,128,197,129,196,130,195,131,195,132,195,132,195,133,194,133,194,135,193,135,193,136,194,137,193,137,193,138,194,138" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Arkansas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Arkansas"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" shape="poly" coords="178,166,178,165,179,164,179,161,179,161,179,161,179,160,179,160,179,159,180,155,179,155,179,154,178,152,178,150,177,148,176,141,184,141,194,141,194,143,194,143,194,145,195,145,195,146,194,147,194,148,194,149,193,150,193,151,193,151,192,152,192,156,193,156,204,156,203,158,205,160,205,162,205,162,204,163,205,164,206,164,206,163,206,162,207,162,207,163,207,163,207,164,207,164,207,164,206,164,206,165,205,165,205,166,206,167,207,167,210,168,210,169,209,169,207,169,206,168,205,168,204,167,203,167,203,168,203,168,203,169,202,170,201,170,201,170,202,169,202,168,201,168,200,169,199,169,198,170,197,170,195,169,195,168,195,167,193,167,193,165,191,165,190,165,190,165,189,166,189,166,191,166,192,167,192,167,191,167,190,167,189,167,189,167,187,167,185,166,182,165,181,165,179,166" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Louisiana" title="1980 United States presidential election in Louisiana"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" shape="poly" coords="183,42,183,38,184,37,185,38,186,38,188,37,190,36,191,35,191,36,191,36,190,38,190,38,191,38,191,38,192,38,192,39,193,39,195,40,196,40,204,42,205,42,206,43,207,44,207,47,209,48,207,50,207,52,207,53,208,51,208,50,211,46,211,47,211,48,209,52,209,54,209,54,209,55,209,56,209,57,209,58,209,59,209,60,208,61,208,61,208,62,208,63,208,64,209,66,209,67,204,68,193,68,193,68,192,67,191,66,191,64,191,63,190,62,190,59,189,58,188,57,185,55,185,55,184,55,183,53,182,53,181,53,181,49,182,48,182,47,181,46,181,44,182,43" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin" title="1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" shape="poly" coords="194,69,201,69,209,68,209,70,210,71,211,74,212,90,212,91,212,93,213,94,213,96,212,97,212,98,210,100,210,104,209,104,210,105,210,105,209,106,209,106,208,107,208,108,209,108,208,109,208,108,207,108,206,108,205,109,204,109,203,109,203,107,203,107,203,106,202,105,202,104,201,104,199,104,197,101,197,100,198,98,198,97,198,96,197,95,195,96,195,95,195,93,190,90,190,88,190,88,190,86,191,85,191,84,192,83,192,81,193,81,193,79,192,78,192,78,192,77,194,77,195,76,195,75,196,74,196,72,194,69" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Illinois" title="1980 United States presidential election in Illinois"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" shape="poly" coords="215,72,234,70,234,69,235,68,235,66,236,66,236,64,237,63,237,64,238,64,238,60,236,55,235,53,233,54,233,55,232,56,231,57,230,57,229,56,229,55,230,54,231,53,231,52,232,51,232,48,231,47,230,46,231,46,230,44,228,44,226,42,224,43,223,42,223,40,223,40,226,39,227,40,229,40,229,39,228,38,227,39,227,39,228,39,228,40,227,40,225,38,225,36,225,35,225,36,222,36,221,36,221,34,220,34,218,35,215,35,214,36,213,38,212,38,211,38,211,37,210,37,210,38,208,38,208,36,208,36,207,35,205,35,205,34,204,34,203,35,203,35,203,35,204,33,204,33,205,32,205,31,206,31,206,31,206,31,206,30,205,30,204,31,203,31,202,33,201,33,200,34,200,34,199,35,199,35,198,36,197,36,196,36,196,37,194,38,194,38,194,39,195,40,196,40,200,41,202,41,203,41,204,42,205,42,205,42,206,42,206,43,207,43,208,43,208,45,208,47,209,47,209,46,210,45,210,44,210,43,211,42,211,42,212,43,212,42,213,42,213,42,214,42,214,42,214,42,215,41,218,40,219,40,221,40,222,40,223,40,223,42,222,42,221,43,221,44,222,44,223,44,223,45,222,45,220,45,221,47,221,48,220,49,219,49,219,48,220,47,220,46,219,46,219,47,219,48,217,48,217,50,216,50,216,53,215,54,215,57,216,57,216,58,215,58,215,59,217,61,218,64,218,66,218,68,218,69,217,70,217,71" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Michigan" title="1980 United States presidential election in Michigan"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" shape="poly" coords="226,72,215,73,213,74,213,74,211,74,212,83,213,93,213,94,213,96,212,98,212,99,211,100,211,102,211,102,213,102,215,102,216,102,216,102,217,101,218,101,218,101,219,102,219,102,219,101,221,100,222,100,223,100,223,99,225,96,225,94,227,94,228,93,228,93,227,82" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Indiana" title="1980 United States presidential election in Indiana"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" shape="poly" coords="228,91,226,72,235,71,235,72,238,72,238,73,240,73,241,72,243,72,246,69,249,67,251,76,250,77,250,78,251,78,250,84,248,86,247,86,246,88,246,90,245,90,245,90,244,90,243,91,243,93,243,93,243,94,242,94,240,93,240,93,240,92,239,93,238,93,238,93,237,93,236,93,235,93,235,93,234,93,233,93,233,93,232,92,231,91" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Ohio" title="1980 United States presidential election in Ohio"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" shape="poly" coords="239,109,242,107,242,106,246,102,243,99,243,98,241,97,241,94,240,94,240,93,240,93,238,94,237,94,237,94,236,94,236,94,234,94,234,93,233,93,232,93,232,92,231,91,230,91,230,92,228,92,228,92,229,93,229,94,227,95,226,95,226,96,223,99,223,101,221,101,221,100,220,101,220,102,219,102,218,102,217,102,216,103,216,103,215,102,212,102,211,103,210,104,210,105,211,105,211,106,209,107,209,108,209,108,209,109,209,109,208,109,207,108,206,108,205,109,205,110,205,110,205,111,205,112,205,112,204,113,211,113,211,112" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Kentucky" title="1980 United States presidential election in Kentucky"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" shape="poly" coords="200,125,200,123,200,122,200,122,201,121,203,114,212,113,212,112,248,108,249,108,249,108,249,109,248,110,248,112,247,111,246,112,246,113,245,113,244,112,242,114,242,115,241,115,239,117,238,117,238,118,237,118,237,119,235,120,235,122,217,123" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Tennessee" title="1980 United States presidential election in Tennessee"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" shape="poly" coords="206,161,207,160,208,160,209,160,209,159,210,159,211,160,213,160,213,157,211,148,212,124,205,125,199,125,199,126,197,128,197,130,197,130,195,132,195,133,194,134,194,136,194,136,194,137,194,138,195,138,195,140,194,140,194,143,195,144,195,145,196,145,196,146,195,146,195,148,194,149,194,151,192,152,192,156,204,155,204,155,204,157,204,157,204,158,205,159" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Mississippi" title="1980 United States presidential election in Mississippi"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" shape="poly" coords="227,123,212,124,212,149,213,159,214,159,215,158,215,157,217,157,218,159,217,160,217,160,217,160,218,160,219,159,219,157,218,155,218,154,225,153,234,152,234,152,233,151,233,148,233,145,234,144,234,143,233,143,233,141,232,140,228,128,227,126" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Alabama" title="1980 United States presidential election in Alabama"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" shape="poly" coords="242,121,228,123,228,125,229,129,232,140,233,141,233,142,234,142,234,144,234,145,233,147,234,148,234,150,234,150,234,151,234,151,235,153,236,154,253,153,253,154,253,154,254,153,253,152,253,151,254,151,255,151,258,151,257,150,257,149,258,145,258,144,259,142,259,141,258,142,257,141,257,139,256,138,255,137,255,136,254,134,252,134,251,132,250,131,249,130,247,129,244,125,243,125,241,124,241,122" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Georgia" title="1980 United States presidential election in Georgia"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" shape="poly" coords="218,154,230,153,234,153,236,155,252,154,253,155,254,155,254,153,254,152,254,152,257,152,259,158,262,162,264,165,266,167,266,167,266,168,266,171,268,172,268,174,270,177,271,178,272,187,271,187,271,190,272,189,272,189,272,189,272,190,271,190,271,192,270,193,268,195,267,196,265,196,264,195,263,196,262,197,262,197,262,197,263,197,264,197,264,196,265,196,265,196,267,196,267,195,269,194,270,192,271,191,271,190,271,189,271,190,271,190,270,191,269,191,268,191,267,192,266,192,266,192,266,191,266,191,266,190,265,189,265,188,264,188,263,187,262,187,261,187,261,187,261,185,260,184,259,183,258,183,258,183,257,183,257,182,256,180,255,179,254,178,253,177,253,176,255,174,255,173,253,173,252,173,252,174,253,174,253,174,253,175,252,175,252,174,252,174,252,173,252,171,252,170,252,166,251,165,251,165,250,164,249,164,248,163,247,162,246,162,246,161,245,161,244,160,243,159,243,159,242,159,242,158,240,158,240,159,239,159,239,160,240,160,238,160,238,161,237,161,235,162,234,162,234,161,233,160,229,159,227,158,225,158,222,158,220,159,219,157,218,155" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Florida" title="1980 United States presidential election in Florida"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" shape="poly" coords="241,123,241,122,242,122,242,121,244,121,248,119,256,118,257,120,263,119,267,122,271,125,270,127,269,129,269,131,268,132,267,132,267,133,265,135,265,135,263,137,262,137,262,138,262,138,262,138,260,140,259,141,258,141,258,140,258,139,257,138,256,137,255,136,255,135,255,134,254,134,253,133,252,132,248,129,247,128,246,127,246,126,245,125,244,124,243,124" alt="1980 United States presidential election in South Carolina" title="1980 United States presidential election in South Carolina"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" shape="poly" coords="250,108,253,107,263,106,283,102,285,105,286,106,287,107,288,108,288,111,288,112,287,112,286,113,285,113,287,112,287,111,287,108,287,107,287,107,286,107,286,107,286,107,286,109,285,109,284,111,283,112,281,111,281,112,282,112,282,112,282,113,282,114,282,114,282,115,283,115,283,115,284,114,284,114,284,115,283,116,283,117,281,117,279,117,277,119,276,121,275,123,275,124,273,124,271,124,268,122,264,119,261,119,257,120,256,118,249,118,248,118,244,120,242,121,237,122,235,122,235,121,236,120,237,120,237,118,239,117,240,117,242,115,243,115,243,114,244,113,246,113,247,112,248,112,248,111,249,110,250,109" alt="1980 United States presidential election in North Carolina" title="1980 United States presidential election in North Carolina"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" shape="poly" coords="240,109,242,107,242,106,246,102,248,104,250,104,250,103,251,103,253,103,253,101,254,102,255,101,257,100,257,98,258,96,259,94,259,92,260,93,262,92,262,92,262,90,263,89,263,89,265,87,265,87,265,86,265,84,269,86,269,85,271,87,271,89,272,89,272,90,274,91,276,91,277,91,278,92,279,92,279,92,279,94,280,95,280,95,280,96,279,96,279,97,280,97,280,98,280,99,280,99,280,100,281,100,282,100,282,98,282,96,282,94,282,93,283,91,284,90,284,91,283,92,283,96,283,98,282,97,282,100,283,102,263,106,248,107,248,108" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Virginia" title="1980 United States presidential election in Virginia"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" shape="poly" coords="253,83,251,77,251,77,251,84,249,86,248,87,248,87,246,89,246,89,246,90,246,90,246,91,245,90,244,91,244,93,243,94,243,95,242,95,242,97,243,98,243,98,243,99,246,101,247,101,248,103,250,103,250,102,251,103,253,102,253,101,254,101,255,100,256,100,256,100,256,99,256,98,258,93,258,91,259,91,260,92,261,92,262,89,263,89,263,88,264,87,265,86,265,84,266,84,268,85,268,84,267,83,266,82,266,82,264,83,263,83,262,85,261,85,259,87,258,87,258,83" alt="1980 United States presidential election in West Virginia" title="1980 United States presidential election in West Virginia"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" shape="poly" coords="271,89,273,88,275,89,275,86,276,85,274,85,273,82,272,85,269,85,271,87" alt="1980 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia" title="1980 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" shape="poly" coords="258,83,259,86,261,84,261,84,263,83,264,83,265,81,266,81,267,82,269,83,270,84,270,84,271,84,273,81,274,84,277,84,277,85,275,86,276,89,273,88,273,88,273,90,274,90,276,90,278,91,278,91,278,90,277,88,276,86,277,85,277,84,276,83,277,82,278,80,278,81,278,81,277,82,277,83,278,84,278,85,278,86,278,87,278,86,279,87,278,87,278,89,279,90,280,90,280,90,280,92,281,92,281,91,280,90,280,90,280,89,281,90,282,91,282,91,283,90,285,90,285,89,285,87,284,87,284,88,281,88,280,84,279,80,279,78" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Maryland" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maryland"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" shape="poly" coords="280,77,279,78,279,79,280,80,280,81,281,82,281,84,281,84,281,86,282,87,285,87,285,86,285,85,284,85,283,84,282,81,281,80,280,79" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Delaware" title="1980 United States presidential election in Delaware"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" shape="poly" coords="253,63,252,65,250,66,250,69,253,83,263,81,279,78,280,77,281,76,282,75,284,74,282,72,281,72,280,72,280,70,281,69,281,69,280,68,281,67,281,67,281,65,282,64,281,64,280,64,280,62,278,62,278,61,264,64,254,66" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania" title="1980 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="poly" coords="287,66,284,65,282,65,282,65,282,67,281,68,281,68,281,69,281,70,281,70,281,71,282,71,282,72,284,73,284,74,283,75,282,77,281,77,281,79,283,80,284,81,285,81,285,83,286,82,286,80,287,80,288,76,288,72,287,71,286,71,286,70,287,70" alt="1980 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Jersey"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" shape="poly" coords="283,36,279,38,277,38,275,39,272,43,271,45,269,46,269,47,271,47,271,48,270,48,270,49,271,49,271,50,270,51,269,51,269,52,268,53,266,54,265,55,263,55,263,54,260,54,256,56,256,56,256,56,257,57,257,58,258,59,258,60,257,60,257,61,254,63,254,65,278,60,279,61,280,61,280,62,280,63,281,64,282,64,284,65,287,66,288,66,288,70,290,69,292,68,295,66,297,64,296,64,295,65,292,66,291,66,290,66,289,68,288,68,288,68,288,67,288,66,288,66,288,65,288,65,288,62,287,57,287,51,286,48,286,47,285,47,285,46,285,46,285,45,284,44,284,42,284,40" alt="1980 United States presidential election in New York" title="1980 United States presidential election in New York"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="poly" coords="296,57,294,57,288,58,288,60,289,61,289,66,292,63,294,63,296,62,297,61,297,59" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" shape="poly" coords="299,56,297,56,298,58,298,61,299,61,300,60,301,60,301,59" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" title="1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="poly" coords="291,52,292,49,291,48,291,45,292,44,292,41,291,41,291,40,292,40,293,38,293,36,293,36,293,34,288,35,284,36,284,39,285,40,285,42,285,43,285,44,286,45,286,46,286,47,287,47,287,50,288,50,288,53" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1980 United States presidential election in Vermont"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="poly" coords="294,32,293,32,293,32,293,36,294,37,294,38,292,40,292,41,292,41,292,51,299,50,299,49,301,48,301,47,300,47,300,46,299,45,298,45,298,42" alt="1980 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Hampshire"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" shape="poly" coords="296,31,295,31,296,36,298,43,299,45,300,45,300,46,300,46,301,47,301,45,301,45,301,43,302,43,302,42,302,42,302,41,302,41,302,40,303,40,303,41,304,41,305,40,306,40,306,39,307,39,307,38,307,35,307,35,307,34,308,35,309,35,309,36,309,36,308,36,308,36,308,37,308,38,309,38,309,37,308,36,308,36,309,36,309,36,310,35,310,35,309,35,309,34,310,33,311,33,312,34,311,34,310,34,310,35,310,35,311,35,311,34,311,34,311,34,312,34,313,32,315,31,315,31,316,30,316,29,316,28,315,27,315,26,314,26,314,27,313,27,313,26,312,24,310,24,307,14,304,13,302,14,302,15,301,15,300,14,300,13,299,13,299,15,298,18,297,19,297,22,297,23,297,25,297,25,297,26,297,27,296,29" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Maine" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maine"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="poly" coords="288,58,288,53,292,52,299,50,299,50,300,49,300,49,301,50,301,51,300,51,300,53,301,54,301,53,302,53,304,56,306,56,307,56,307,55,307,54,305,54,305,54,306,54,307,54,308,56,308,56,307,56,306,57,305,57,304,58,304,58,304,59,305,59,305,59,308,59,308,59,308,59,308,59,308,59,308,59,306,59,305,59,304,59,304,60,304,60,304,59,304,59,303,59,303,59,304,58,304,57,303,57,302,57,302,59,302,59,301,57,299,55,293,57" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" shape="poly" coords="73,168,73,188,85,202,121,202,121,186,103,168" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Hawaii" title="1980 United States presidential election in Hawaii"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" shape="poly" coords="55,184,55,155,53,153,52,153,51,154,49,153,48,153,48,153,46,152,44,152,43,151,43,150,42,150,41,150,41,149,39,148,39,148,38,149,35,149,34,150,33,149,31,150,31,151,30,152,27,152,26,152,26,153,27,154,28,156,28,158,28,159,29,159,29,160,30,161,30,162,28,162,27,161,26,160,27,160,27,159,25,159,25,160,25,160,24,160,21,160,21,160,21,161,22,162,22,163,22,163,22,164,23,165,25,165,26,166,27,166,27,166,29,166,29,166,28,167,28,169,27,170,26,170,26,169,24,170,23,169,22,169,21,170,21,171,19,173,18,175,19,175,19,176,18,176,19,177,19,178,20,179,22,180,22,179,23,180,23,182,22,182,22,183,22,184,23,184,23,184,25,184,25,184,25,184,26,184,26,186,26,186,26,185,27,185,27,185,27,186,29,185,29,186,28,188,27,189,26,190,25,191,25,191,23,191,21,192,21,193,20,192,18,193,17,193,15,194,14,194,13,194,13,194,13,195,13,195,14,195,15,194,15,195,16,195,17,194,18,194,19,194,20,194,20,194,21,194,22,193,23,194,23,194,23,193,25,193,25,194,26,193,25,193,25,192,27,191,28,191,32,189,35,187,34,186,34,185,35,184,36,184,37,183,37,183,39,181,40,180,40,180,42,180,42,180,42,181,41,181,41,181,40,181,39,182,38,183,38,184,38,184,39,184,39,185,38,185,38,186,39,186,42,184,42,184,43,184,43,184,43,184,44,184,44,185,44,185,46,183,46,183,45,184,44,184,45,183,45,182,44,183,44,182,45,181,46,181,47,182,47,183,48,183,49,183,50,184,53,184,55,185,57,185,57,184,57,185,57,186,57,186,57,187,58,187,60,188,61,189,62,190,63,190,63,190,62,191,62,191,63,192,63,194,64,194,66,196,66,194,66,195,66,196,67,196,67,195,68,196,68,197,69,198,68,198,68,198,68,199,69,198,69,199,70,201,70,201,70,200,70,199,71,200,71,200,71,198,71,198,71,197,71,198,72,198,73,199,74,200,74,198,74,197,74,196,71,195,70,194,70,194,69,192,68,190,67,189,65,188,65,187,64,187,64,186,63,185,62,186,62,187,60,188,60,187,58,185,58,184,58,184,57,184,57,184,55,184" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Alaska" title="1980 United States presidential election in Alaska"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" shape="rect" coords="295,104,316,111" alt="1980 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia" title="1980 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" shape="rect" coords="301,98,331,104" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Maryland" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maryland"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" shape="rect" coords="304,90,324,97" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Delaware" title="1980 United States presidential election in Delaware"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="rect" coords="307,83,331,89" alt="1980 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Jersey"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="rect" coords="313,72,333,78" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" shape="rect" coords="316,62,334,68" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" title="1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="rect" coords="316,50,345,56" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="rect" coords="269,21,290,28" alt="1980 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1980 United States presidential election in Vermont"><area href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="273,14,296,20" alt="1980 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Hampshire"></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Reagan/Bush and blue denotes those won by Carter/Mondale. Numbers indicate <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> cast by each state.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;">President before election <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;">Elected President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> Carter's unpopularity and poor relations with Democratic leaders encouraged an unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">intra-party challenge</a> from Massachusetts Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">the Republican primaries</a> were contested between former California Governor Ronald Reagan, former Central Intelligence Agency director <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, Illinois Representative <a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a>, and several other candidates. All of Reagan's opponents had dropped out by the end of the primaries, and the Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Reagan and Bush. Anderson entered the general election as <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">an independent</a> candidate with <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Patrick Lucey</a>, former Wisconsin governor, as his running mate. Reagan campaigned for increased defense spending, <a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supply-side economic">supply-side economic</a> policies, and a balanced budget. His campaign was aided by Democratic dissatisfaction with Carter, the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>, and a worsening economy marred by <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a>. Carter attacked Reagan as a dangerous right-wing extremist, and warned that Reagan would cut <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a>. The Carter campaign was aided early on by the <a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">rally 'round the flag effect</a> from the hostage crisis, but as the crisis lasted to election day, it became a detriment.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> Reagan won the election in a landslide, with 489 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">Electoral College</a> votes to Carter's 49 and 50.7% of the popular vote to Carter's 41.0%. Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote and no electoral votes. Due to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatism</a> following Reagan's victory, historians have considered the election a <a href="/wiki/Political_realignment" title="Political realignment">political realignment</a> that began with <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>'s presidential campaign <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">in 1964</a>. This election began an ongoing pattern in which <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a> states Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin voted for the same presidential candidate, with the sole exception of <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background">1 Background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Nominations">2 Nominations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Republican_Party">2.1 Republican Party</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Other_major_candidates">2.1.1 Other major candidates</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Democratic_Party">2.2 Democratic Party</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Other_major_candidates_2">2.2.1 Other major candidates</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Other_candidates">2.3 Other candidates</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#General_election">3 General election</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Polling">3.1 Polling</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Campaign">3.2 Campaign</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Promises">3.2.1 Promises</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Events">3.2.2 Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Presidential_debates">3.3 Presidential debates</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Endorsements">3.4 Endorsements</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#General_election_endorsements">3.4.1 General election endorsements</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Results">3.5 Results</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Results_2">4 Results</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Results_by_state">4.1 Results by state</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican">4.1.1 States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Close_states">4.2 Close states</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Statistics">4.2.1 Statistics</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Voter_demographics">5 Voter demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Books">9.1 Books</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Journal_articles">9.2 Journal articles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Newspaper_articles">9.3 Newspaper articles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration">Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration</a></div> Throughout the 1970s, the United States underwent a wrenching period of <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">low economic growth, high inflation and interest rates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1970s_energy_crisis" title="1970s energy crisis">intermittent energy crises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_292-5">[4]</a> By October 1978, <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a>—a major oil supplier to the United States at the time—was experiencing a <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">major uprising</a> that severely damaged its oil infrastructure and greatly weakened its capability to produce oil.<a href="#cite_note-uppafb-6">[5]</a> In January 1979, shortly after Iran's leader <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> fled the country, Iranian opposition figure <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> ended his 14-year exile in France and returned to Iran to establish an <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Islamic Republic</a>, largely hostile to American interests and influence in the country.<a href="#cite_note-uppafb-6">[5]</a> In the spring and summer of 1979, inflation was on the rise and various parts of the United States were experiencing energy shortages.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Carter was widely blamed for the return of the long gas lines in the summer of 1979 that were last seen just after the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>. He planned on delivering his fifth major speech on energy, but he felt that the American people were no longer listening. Carter left for the presidential retreat of <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>. "For more than a week, a veil of secrecy enveloped the proceedings. Dozens of prominent Democratic Party leaders—<a href="/wiki/Member_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Congress">members of Congress</a>, governors, labor leaders, academics and clergy—were summoned to the mountaintop retreat to confer with the beleaguered president." His pollster, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Caddell" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Caddell">Pat Caddell</a>, told him that the American people simply faced a crisis of confidence because of the assassinations of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy assassination">John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> On July 15, 1979, Carter gave a nationally televised address in which he identified what he believed to be a "crisis of confidence" among the American people. This came to be known as his "<a href="/wiki/Malaise_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaise speech">Malaise speech</a>", although Carter never used the word in the speech.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Many expected Senator Ted Kennedy to successfully challenge Carter in the upcoming Democratic primary. Kennedy's official announcement was scheduled for early November. A television <a href="/wiki/Roger_Mudd#Ted_Kennedy_interview" title="Roger Mudd">interview with Roger Mudd</a> of CBS a few days before the announcement went badly, however. Kennedy gave an "incoherent and repetitive"<a href="#cite_note-bg-series-4-10">[9]</a> answer to the question of why he was running, and the polls, which showed him leading Carter by 58–25 in August now had him ahead 49–39.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Kennedy was also politically scarred by the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Chappaquiddick_incident" title="Chappaquiddick incident">Chappaquiddick incident</a>;<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-chappaquiddick21980-13">[12]</a> the controversy had been a major reason for Kennedy's decision to not run for president in 1972 and 1976.<a href="#cite_note-chappaquiddick21980-13">[12]</a> Meanwhile, Carter was given an opportunity for political redemption when the Khomeini regime again gained public attention and allowed the taking of <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">52 American hostages</a> by a group of <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> students and militants at the U.S. embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> on November 4, 1979. Carter's calm approach towards the handling of this crisis resulted in his approval ratings jump in the 60-percent range in some polls, due to a "rally round the flag" effect.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> By the beginning of the election campaign, the prolonged <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> had sharpened public perceptions of a national crisis.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> On April 25, 1980, Carter's ability to use the hostage crisis to regain public acceptance eroded when his high risk <a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">attempt to rescue the hostages</a> ended in disaster when eight servicemen were killed. The unsuccessful rescue attempt drew further skepticism towards his leadership skills.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Following the failed rescue attempt, Carter took overwhelming blame for the Iran hostage crisis, in which the followers of the Ayatollah Khomeini burned <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flags</a> and chanted anti-American slogans, paraded the captured American hostages in public, and burned Carter in <a href="/wiki/Effigy" title="Effigy">effigy</a>. Carter's critics saw him as an inept leader who had failed to solve the worsening economic problems at home. His supporters defended the president as a decent, well-intentioned man being unfairly criticized for problems that had been escalating for years.<a href="#cite_note-christian_science-17">[16]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in late 1979</a>, Carter seized international leadership in rallying opposition. He cut off American grain sales, which hurt Soviet consumers and annoyed American farmers. In terms of prestige, the Soviets were deeply hurt by the large-scale boycott of their <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980 Summer Olympics</a>. Furthermore, Carter began secret support of the opposition forces in Afghanistan that successfully tied down the Soviet army for a decade. The effect was to end détente and reopen the Cold War.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Nominations">Nominations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nominations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_Party">Republican Party</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Republican Party" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">1980 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157919884"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#f1f1f1;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"><noscript><img alt="Republican Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/65px-Republican_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="227"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 65px;height: 65px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/65px-Republican_Disc.svg.png" data-alt="Republican Party (United States)" data-width="65" data-height="65" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/98px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/130px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Republican Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big>1980 Republican Party ticket</big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Ronald Reagan</a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">George H. W. Bush</a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;">for President </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;">for Vice President </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/160px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/160px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg" data-width="160" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/240px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg/320px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Reagan_1981.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/155px-George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3811" data-file-height="4840"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 197px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/155px-George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg" data-width="155" data-height="197" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/233px-George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/310px-George_H._W._Bush_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_California" title="List of governors of California">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> (1967–1975) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence#List_of_Directors_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">11th</a> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> (1976–1977) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg/200px-Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg/200px-Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg/300px-Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg/400px-Reagan_Bush_Logo_2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_major_candidates">Other major candidates</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other major candidates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels, were listed in publicly published national polls, or had held a public office. Reagan received 7,709,793 votes in the primaries. <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center; width:1000px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#E81B23;">Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">Phil Crane</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg/95px-George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1790"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg/95px-George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg" data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg/142px-George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg/189px-George_H._W._Bush_official_CIA_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/93px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="1873"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/93px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="93" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/139px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/186px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg/103px-Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="350"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 103px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg/103px-Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg" data-width="103" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg/155px-Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg/206px-Philip_M._Crane_94th_Congress_1975.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_J._Dole_(cropped3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg/95px-Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="441"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 123px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg/95px-Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg" data-width="95" data-height="123" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg/143px-Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg/191px-Robert_J._Dole_%28cropped3%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> (1976–1977) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois's</a> <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 16th congressional district">16th district</a> (1961–1981) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois's</a> <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 12th congressional district">12th district</a> (1973–1993) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> (1969–1996) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (1971–1972) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1980_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1980 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson#1980_presidential_campaign" title="John B. Anderson">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane#1980_presidential_campaign" title="Phil Crane">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole#Presidential_politics" title="Bob Dole">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Connally#Presidential_run" title="John Connally">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><abbr title="suspended campaign">SC</abbr>: May 26, 1980 <abbr title="endorsed Reagan">ER</abbr>: June 14, 1980 3,070,033 votes </td> <td><abbr title="declared independent campaign">DI</abbr>: April 24, 1980 1,572,174 votes </td> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: April 17, 1980 <abbr title="endorsed Reagan">ER</abbr>: April 17, 1980 97,793 votes </td> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: March 15, 1980 <abbr title="endorsed Reagan">ER</abbr>: March 30, 1980 7,204 votes </td> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: March 9, 1980 <abbr title="endorsed Reagan">ER</abbr>: March 25, 1980 82,625 votes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Pressler" title="Larry Pressler">Larry Pressler</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_P._Weicker_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Lowell P. Weicker Jr.">Lowell P. Weicker Jr.</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fernandez" title="Ben Fernandez">Ben Fernandez</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Baker_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Howard_Baker_photo.jpg/95px-Howard_Baker_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Howard_Baker_photo.jpg/95px-Howard_Baker_photo.jpg" data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Howard_Baker_photo.jpg/143px-Howard_Baker_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Howard_Baker_photo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Pressler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Larry_Pressler.jpg/97px-Larry_Pressler.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 97px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Larry_Pressler.jpg/97px-Larry_Pressler.jpg" data-width="97" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Larry_Pressler.jpg/145px-Larry_Pressler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Larry_Pressler.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lweicker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lweicker.jpg/94px-Lweicker.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="474"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lweicker.jpg/94px-Lweicker.jpg" data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lweicker.jpg/141px-Lweicker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lweicker.jpg/188px-Lweicker.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg/96px-Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="538"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg/96px-Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg/144px-Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg/192px-Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> (1967–1985) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> (1979–1997) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> (1971–1989) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Minnesota" title="Governor of Minnesota">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> (1939–1943) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States#Special_envoys,_representatives,_and_coordinators" title="Ambassadors of the United States">United States Special Envoy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (1973) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: March 5, 1980 <abbr title="endorsed Reagan">ER</abbr>: April 20, 1980 181,153 votes </td> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: January 8, 1980 <abbr title="endorsed Reagan">ER</abbr>: March 21, 1980 0 votes </td> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: May 16, 1979 0 votes </td> <td><abbr title="unknown">?</abbr>: n/a 25,425 votes </td> <td><abbr title="unknown">?</abbr>: n/a 25,520 votes </td></tr></tbody></table> Former governor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> was the odds-on favorite to win his party's nomination for president after <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_1976#Republican_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1976">nearly beating</a> incumbent President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> just four years earlier. Reagan dominated the primaries early, driving from the field Senate Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a> from Tennessee, former governor <a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a> of Texas, Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dole" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Dole">Robert Dole</a> from Kansas, Representative <a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">Phil Crane</a> from Illinois, and Representative <a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John Anderson</a> from Illinois, who dropped out of the race to run as an Independent. <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> from Texas posed the strongest challenge to Reagan with his victories in the Pennsylvania and Michigan primaries, but it was not enough to turn the tide. Reagan won the nomination on the first round at the <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980 Republican National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a>, in July, then chose Bush (his top rival) as his running mate. Reagan, Bush, and Dole would all go on to be the nominees in the next four elections. (Reagan in <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a>, Bush in <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a> and <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>, and Dole in <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Party">Democratic Party</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Democratic Party" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157919884"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><noscript><img alt="Democratic Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/65px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 65px;height: 65px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/65px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png" data-alt="Democratic Party (United States)" data-width="65" data-height="65" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/98px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/130px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Democratic Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big>1980 Democratic Party ticket</big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Jimmy Carter</a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Walter Mondale</a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;">for President </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;">for Vice President </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/163px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2027"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 163px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/163px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" data-width="163" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/244px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/326px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/157px-Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="2665"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 157px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/157px-Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="157" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/235px-Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/314px-Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">39th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1977–1981) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">42nd</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1977–1981) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg/200px-Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="524"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 121px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg/200px-Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg/300px-Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg/400px-Carter_Mondale_1980_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_major_candidates_2">Other major candidates</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other major candidates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks, were listed in published national polls, or had held public office. Carter received 10,043,016 votes in the primaries. <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:600px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#3333FF;">Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Finch" title="Cliff Finch">Cliff Finch</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire">William Proxmire</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg/90px-Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="867"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg/90px-Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg/135px-Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg/180px-Ted_Kennedy_1979.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerry_Brown,_SoS_%2772_(croppedcloser).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg/90px-Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1121"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg/90px-Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg/135px-Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg/180px-Jerry_Brown%2C_SoS_%2772_%28croppedcloser%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collection-_Finch,_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_(8806301864).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg/92px-Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4407" data-file-height="5730"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg/92px-Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg" data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg/138px-Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg/184px-Collection-_Finch%2C_Charles_C._Cliff_Gov._of_MS_1976-1980_%288806301864%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg/115px-Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 115px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg/115px-Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg" data-width="115" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg/173px-Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg/231px-Senator_William_Proxmire.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>U.S. Senator from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> (1962–2009) </td> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (1975–1983) </td> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> (1976–1980) </td> <td>U.S. Senator from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> (1957–1989) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown#1980_presidential_election" title="Jerry Brown">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Finch" title="Cliff Finch">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: August 11, 1980 7,381,693 votes </td> <td><abbr title="withdrew">W</abbr>: April 2, 1980 575,296 votes </td> <td><abbr title="unknown">?</abbr>: N/A 48,032 votes </td> <td><abbr title="unknown">?</abbr>: N/A 0 votes </td></tr></tbody></table> The three major Democratic candidates in early 1980 were incumbent President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> of Massachusetts, and Governor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> of California. Brown withdrew on April 2. Carter and Kennedy faced off in 34 primaries. Not counting the <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968 election</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> withdrew his candidacy, this was the most tumultuous <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary race</a> that an elected incumbent president had encountered since <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">President Taft</a>, during the highly contentious <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">election of 1912</a>. During the summer of 1980, there was a short-lived "Draft Muskie" movement; Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> was seen as a favorable alternative to a deadlocked convention. One poll showed that Muskie would be a more popular alternative to Carter than Kennedy, implying that the attraction was not so much to Kennedy as to the fact that he was not Carter. Muskie was polling even with Ronald Reagan at the time, while Carter was seven points behind.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Although the underground "Draft Muskie" campaign failed, it became a political legend.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> After defeating Kennedy in 24 of 34 primaries, Carter entered the party's <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">convention</a> in New York in August with 60 percent of the delegates pledged to him on the first ballot. Still, Kennedy refused to drop out. At the convention, after a futile last-ditch attempt by Kennedy to alter the rules to free delegates from their first-ballot pledges, Carter was renominated with 2,129 votes to 1,146 for Kennedy. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> was also renominated. In his acceptance speech, Carter warned that Reagan's conservatism posed a threat to world peace and progressive social welfare programs from the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_candidates">Other candidates</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other candidates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;"><big>1980 Independent ticket</big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#dddddd; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">John B. Anderson</a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#dddddd; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Patrick Lucey</a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#dddddd;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;">for President </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;">for Vice President </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="1873"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="155" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/232px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Lucey.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patrick_Lucey.png/143px-Patrick_Lucey.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="1020"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 143px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patrick_Lucey.png/143px-Patrick_Lucey.png" data-width="143" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patrick_Lucey.png/214px-Patrick_Lucey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patrick_Lucey.png/285px-Patrick_Lucey.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. Representative from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> (1961–1981) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Mexico" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Mexico">United States Ambassador to Mexico</a> (1977–1979) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson#1980_presidential_campaign" title="John B. Anderson">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Anderson_presidential_campaign,_1980_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png/220px-John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="289"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 66px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png/220px-John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png" data-width="220" data-height="66" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png/330px-John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png/440px-John_Anderson_presidential_campaign%2C_1980_1.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a> was defeated in the Republican primaries, but entered the general election as an independent candidate. He campaigned as a liberal Republican alternative to Reagan's conservatism. Anderson's campaign appealed primarily to frustrated anti-Carter voters from Republican and Democratic backgrounds.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Anderson's running mate was <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Patrick Lucey</a>, a Democratic former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Governor of Wisconsin</a> and then ambassador to Mexico, appointed by President Carter. The <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> nominated <a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Ed Clark</a> for president and <a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a> for vice president. They were on the ballot in all 50 states as well as Washington, D.C. The Libertarian Party platform was the only political party in 1980 to contain a plank advocating for the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">equal rights of homosexual men and women</a> as well as the only party platform to advocate explicitly for "amnesty" for all illegal non-citizens.<a href="#cite_note-presidency.ucsb.edu-24">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a> ran <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Commoner" title="Barry Commoner">Barry Commoner</a> for president and <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> activist <a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a> for vice president. The Commoner–Harris ticket was on the ballot in twenty-nine states[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] and in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polling">Polling</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Polling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 1980 United States presidential election">Nationwide opinion polling for the 1980 United States presidential election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;line-height:17px"> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <th>Poll source </th> <th>Date(s) administered </th> <th class="unsortable" style="width:100px;">Ronald Reagan (R) </th> <th class="unsortable" style="width:100px;">Jimmy Carter (D) </th> <th class="unsortable" style="width:100px;">John Anderson (I) </th> <th class="unsortable">Other </th> <th class="unsortable">Undecided </th> <th>Margin </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-President_Would_Beat_Ford,_Reagan-26">[25]</a> </td> <td align="center">March 31 – April 3, 1978 </td> <td align="center">46% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">50% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Ford_Leads_Carter_For_1980,_Poll_Says-27">[26]</a> </td> <td align="center">May 14–20,<a href="#cite_note-28">[b]</a> 1978 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">46% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy_Stronger_Than_Carter_Against_GOP-29">[27]</a> </td> <td align="center">July 7–10, 1978 </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">52% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Jimmy_Carter_Leading_Ford_And_Reagan-30">[28]</a> </td> <td align="center">December 8–11, 1978 </td> <td align="center">35% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">57% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">2% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Routs_Reagan_In_Election_Poll-31">[29]</a> </td> <td align="center">December 21–26, 1978 </td> <td align="center">38% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">55% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Leads,_Edge_Narrows-32">[30]</a> </td> <td align="center">March 23–26, 1979 </td> <td align="center">38% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">52% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Trails_Carter,_Kennedy-33">[31]</a> </td> <td align="center">March, 1979 </td> <td align="center">46% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">49% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Cuts_Deeper_Into_Carter's_Lead-34">[32]</a> </td> <td align="center">May, 1979 </td> <td align="center">45% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Leads_Carter_51-43%-35">[33]</a> </td> <td align="center">June, 1979 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">51% </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </td> <td align="center">June 22–25, 1979 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">49% </td> <td align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Poll_Shows_Kennedy_Stronger_Than_Carter_Against_GOP's_Top_4-36">[34]</a> </td> <td align="center">July 13–15, 1979 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">52% </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">2% </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Trailing_Reagan,_Baker-37">[35]</a> </td> <td align="center">July 28–29, 1979 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">51% </td> <td align="center">44% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Gaining_Ground-38">[36]</a> </td> <td align="center">August 3–6, 1979 </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Keeps_Lead_Over_Carter_In_Presidential_Choice_Poll-39">[37]</a> </td> <td align="center">September 1–5, 1979 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">50% </td> <td align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-President,_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat-40">[38]</a> </td> <td align="center">September 7–10, 1979 </td> <td align="center">46% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">2% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan's_Standing_Suffers_Sharp_Drop_In_Presidential_Poll-41">[39]</a> </td> <td align="center">September 26 – October 1, 1979 </td> <td align="center">45% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">52% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-President,_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat-40">[38]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 12–15, 1979 </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">48% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Takes_Big_Lead_In_GOP_Race-42">[40]</a> </td> <td align="center">November 7–10, 1979 </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">53% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Continues_Lead_Over_GOP-43">[41]</a> </td> <td align="center">November 16–19, 1979 </td> <td align="center">41% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">53% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Pushes_Ahead_As_Kennedy_Falters_In_Ford-Reagan_Tests-44">[42]</a> </td> <td align="center">December 7–9, 1979 </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">60% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Takes_Big_Lead_Over_Reagan_In_Presidential_Race_Poll-45">[43]</a> </td> <td align="center">December 14–16, 1979 </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">59% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Consolidates_Lead_Over_GOP-46">[44]</a> </td> <td align="center">January 4–6, 1980 </td> <td align="center">32% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">63% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Holds_Lead_Among_Candidates-47">[45]</a> </td> <td align="center">January 22, 1980 </td> <td align="center">31% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">65% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">34 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Leads_3_GOP_Contenders,_But_Ted_Trails-48">[46]</a> </td> <td align="center">February 1–3, 1980 </td> <td align="center">32% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">59% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Republicans_And_Independents_Pick_Ford_As_Favorite_Candidate-49">[47]</a> </td> <td align="center">January 31 – February 4, 1980 </td> <td align="center">32% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">64% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Invites_Connally_Workers_To_Join_His_Effort-50">[48]</a> </td> <td align="center">February 29 – March 2, 1980 </td> <td align="center">34% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">57% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Republicans_And_Independents_Pick_Ford_As_Favorite_Candidate-49">[47]</a> </td> <td align="center">March 5–8, 1980 </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">58% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">2% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives-51">[49]</a> </td> <td align="center">March 13–15, 1980 </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">55% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives-51">[49]</a> </td> <td align="center">March 26–30, 1980 </td> <td align="center">47% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">50% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter's_Lead_Over_Reagan_Slipping;_Anderson_Strong-52">[50]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">March 28–30, 1980 </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">48% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">2% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">34% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives-51">[49]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">April 8, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">48% </td> <td align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">38% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">38% </td> <td align="center">22% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter's_Lead_Over_Reagan_Slipping;_Anderson_Strong-52">[50]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">April 11–13, 1980 </td> <td align="center">44% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">49% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">34% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">41% </td> <td align="center">18% </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Leads_Carter-53">[51]</a> </td> <td align="center">April 25, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">33% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Anderson_Strongest_Among_Younger_Voters-54">[52]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">April 26–27, 1980 </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">35% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">40% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Anderson_Starts_To_Look_Like_A_Possible_Winner-55">[53]</a> </td> <td align="center">April 26–30, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">33% </td> <td align="center">23% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Outpolls_Reagan_49%_to_41%_In_Survey-56">[54]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">May 2–5, 1980 </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">13% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">33% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">38% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Outpolls_Reagan_49%_to_41%_In_Survey-56">[54]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">May 16–18, 1980 </td> <td align="center">41% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">49% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">32% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">40% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter-57">[55]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">May 30 – June 2, 1980 </td> <td align="center">39% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">50% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">11% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">32% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Three_New_National_Polls_Show_Reagan_Well_Ahead-58">[56]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">June 5–9, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">51% </td> <td align="center">44% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">34% </td> <td align="center">24% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips-59">[57]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">June 13–16, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">13% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">33% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">35% </td> <td align="center">24% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips-59">[57]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">June 27–30, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">47% </td> <td align="center">41% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">12% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">37% </td> <td align="center">32% </td> <td align="center">22% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">9% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Poll_Has_Reagan_Maintaining_Lead_Over_Carter-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips-59">[57]</a> </td> <td align="center">July 11–14, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">37% </td> <td align="center">34% </td> <td align="center">21% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan-Bush_Ticket_Leads_Dems-61">[59]</a> </td> <td align="center">July 11–13, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">43%<a href="#cite_note-62">[c]</a> </td> <td align="center">34%<a href="#cite_note-63">[d]</a> </td> <td align="center">16% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" align="center">July 14–17: Republican National Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Poll:_Reagan_Leads_Carter_By_28_Percent-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poll_Shows_Carter_Third-65">[61]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">July 18–21, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">61% </td> <td align="center">33% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">49% </td> <td align="center">23% </td> <td align="center">25% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Poll:_Carter_Falters_But_Still_Leads_Teddy-66">[62]</a> </td> <td align="center">August 1–3, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">31%<a href="#cite_note-67">[e]</a> </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Latest_Figures:_Reagan_48%,_Carter_28%,_Anderson_19%-68">[63]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">August 5–6, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">57% </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">48% </td> <td align="center">28% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" align="center">August 11–14: Democratic National Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_And_Carter_Run_Neck_And_Neck_In_Gallup-69">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carter_And_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat,_According_To_Gallup_Poll-70">[65]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">August 15–17, 1980 </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">46% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">38% </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-AFL-CIO_Balks_On_Carter_Support-71">[66]</a> </td> <td align="center">August 14–18, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center">17% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Latest_Test_Still_Shows_Reagan_And_Carter_In_Close_Contention-72">[67]</a> </td> <td align="center">August 15–18, 1980 </td> <td align="center">38% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">13% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Nixes_3-Way_Campaign_Debates-73">[68]</a> </td> <td align="center">September 3–7, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">41% </td> <td align="center">37% </td> <td align="center">17% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Latest_Test_Still_Shows_Reagan_And_Carter_In_Close_Contention-72">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Holds_Narrow_Lead;_Anderson_Dips-74">[69]</a> </td> <td align="center">September 12–15, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">41% </td> <td align="center">37% </td> <td align="center">15% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Loses_Ground_In_Poll-75">[70]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">September 22, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">36% </td> <td align="center">19% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">48% </td> <td align="center">46% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">6% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Poll_Reveals_3-Point_Slip_By_Anderson-76">[71]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 3–6, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">43% </td> <td align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">14% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Holds_Narrow_Lead;_Anderson_Dips-74">[69]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 10–12, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Carter_Trims_Reagan's_Lead_By_One_Point-77">[72]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 14–16, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">12% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-This_Poll_Puts_Jimmy,_Ron_In_Dead_Heat-78">[73]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 17–20, 1980 </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">41% </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">9% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris<a href="#cite_note-Reagan,_Carter_In_Tight_Fight-79">[74]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 22–25, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">42% </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Washington Post<a href="#cite_note-Polls_Say_Its_Going_Down_To_The_Wire-80">[75]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 26–27, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">43% </td> <td align="center">39% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">11% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Newsweek-Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Polls_Say_Its_Going_Down_To_The_Wire-80">[75]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 29–30, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">44% </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ABC-Harris[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td align="center">October 30 – November 1, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">45% </td> <td align="center">40% </td> <td align="center">10% </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">4% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">CBS-New York Times[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td align="center">October 30 – November 1, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">44% </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td align="center">8% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td align="center">5% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Gallup<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Leading_In_Final_Poll-81">[76]</a> </td> <td align="center">October 30 – November 1, 1980 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">46% </td> <td align="center">43% </td> <td align="center">7% </td> <td align="center">1% </td> <td align="center">3% </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Election Results </th> <td>Nov. 4, 1980 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.75% </td> <td align="center">41.01% </td> <td align="center">6.61% </td> <td align="center">1.63% </td> <td align="center">- </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6" align="center">9.74 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign">Campaign</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Campaign" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Reagan gained in former Democratic strongholds such as the South and white ethnics dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrat" title="Reagan Democrat">Reagan Democrats</a>",<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> and exuded upbeat optimism.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">David Frum</a> says Carter ran an attack-based campaign based on "despair and pessimism" which "cost him the election."<a href="#cite_note-'70s_161-84">[79]</a> Carter emphasized his record as a peacemaker, and said Reagan's election would threaten <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> and social programs that stretched back to the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>. Reagan's platform also emphasized the importance of peace, as well as a prepared self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> Immediately after the conclusion of the primaries,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">date missing</a>] a <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup poll</a> held that Reagan was ahead, with 58% of voters upset by Carter's handling of the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> One analysis of the election has suggested that "Both Carter and Reagan were perceived negatively by a majority of the electorate."<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> While the three leading candidates (Reagan, Anderson and Carter) were religious Christians, Carter had the most support of evangelical Christians according to a Gallup poll.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> However, in the end, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> lobbying group is credited with giving Reagan two-thirds of the white evangelical vote.<a href="#cite_note-worldscollide-86">[81]</a> According to Carter: "that autumn [1980] a group headed by Jerry Falwell purchased $10 million in commercials on southern radio and TV to brand me as a traitor to the South and no longer a Christian."<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> The election of 1980 was a key turning point in American politics. It signaled the new electoral power of the <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a>. Reagan's success as a <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> would initiate a realigning of the parties, as <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republican" title="Rockefeller Republican">Rockefeller-style Republicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrat" title="Reagan Democrat">conservative Democrats</a> would either leave politics or change party affiliations through the 1980s and 1990s to leave the parties much more ideologically polarized.<a href="#cite_note-christian_science-17">[16]</a> While during <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 campaign</a>, many voters saw his warnings about a too-powerful government as hyperbolic and only 30% of the electorate agreed that government was too powerful, by 1980 a majority of Americans believed that government held too much power.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_283-88">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Promises">Promises</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Promises" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Reagan promised a restoration of the nation's military strength, at the same time 60% of Americans polled felt defense spending was too low.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_344-89">[84]</a> Reagan also promised an end to "trust me government" and to restore economic health by implementing a <a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">supply-side economic</a> policy. Reagan promised a <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balanced budget</a> within three years (which he said would be "the beginning of the end of inflation"), accompanied by a 30% reduction in tax rates over those same years. With respect to the economy, Reagan famously said, "A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his."<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> Reagan also criticized the "<a href="/wiki/Windfall_profit_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Windfall profit tax">windfall profit tax</a>" that Carter and Congress enacted that year in regards to domestic oil production and promised to attempt to repeal it as president.<a href="#cite_note-tax_history-90">[85]</a> The tax was not a tax on profits, but on the difference between the <a href="/wiki/Price_controls" title="Price controls">price control</a>-mandated price and the market price.<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> On the issue of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's rights in the United States">women's rights</a> there was much division, with many feminists frustrated with Carter, the only major-party candidate who supported the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>. After a bitter Convention fight between Republican feminists and antifeminists the Republican Party dropped their forty-year endorsement of the ERA.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> Reagan, however, announced his dedication to women's rights and his intention to, if elected, appoint women to his cabinet and the first female justice to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-presidential_leadership-93">[88]</a> He also pledged to work with all 50 state governors to combat discrimination against women and to equalize federal laws as an alternative to the ERA.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> Reagan was convinced to give an endorsement of women's rights in his nomination acceptance speech. Carter was criticized by his own aides for not having a "grand plan" for the recovery of the economy, nor did he ever make any campaign promises; he often criticized Reagan's economic recovery plan, but did not create one of his own in response.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Events">Events</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg/220px-Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="497"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg/220px-Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg/330px-Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg/440px-Reagan_1980_campaign.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ronald Reagan campaigning with his wife Nancy and Senator <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> in Columbia, South Carolina, October 10, 1980</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_(8102550796).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 273px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="273" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg/330px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg/440px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_in_Florida_%288102550796%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> campaigning in Florida</figcaption></figure> In August, after the <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>, Ronald Reagan gave a campaign speech at the annual <a href="/wiki/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi" title="Neshoba County, Mississippi">Neshoba County</a> Fair on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Mississippi" title="Philadelphia, Mississippi">Philadelphia, Mississippi</a>, where three civil rights workers were <a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">murdered in 1964</a>. He was the first presidential candidate ever to campaign at the fair.<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a> Reagan famously announced, "Programs like education and others should be turned back to the states and local communities with the tax sources to fund them. I believe in <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>. I believe in people doing as much as they can at the community level and the private level."<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> Reagan also stated, "I believe we have distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended to be given in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> to that federal establishment." He went on to promise to "restore to states and local governments the power that properly belongs to them."<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> President Carter criticized Reagan for injecting "hate and racism" by the "rebirth of <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights#States'_rights_as_code_word" title="States' rights">code words like 'states' rights'</a>".<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6600" data-file-height="4417"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg/330px-Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg/440px-Ronald_Reagan_Shaking_Hands_with_Supporters_on_a_Campaign_Stop_in_Indiana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> shaking hands with supporters at a campaign stop in Indiana</figcaption></figure> Two days later, Reagan appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Urban_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban League">Urban League</a> convention in New York, where he said, "I am committed to the protection and enforcement of the civil rights of black Americans. This commitment is interwoven into every phase of the plans I will propose."<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> He then said that he would develop "<a href="/wiki/Urban_Enterprise_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Enterprise Zone">enterprise zones</a>" to help with urban renewal.<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> The media's main criticism of Reagan centered on his gaffes. When Carter kicked off his general election campaign in <a href="/wiki/Tuscumbia,_Alabama" title="Tuscumbia, Alabama">Tuscumbia</a>, Reagan—referring to the Southern U.S. as a whole—claimed that Carter had begun his campaign in the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>. In doing so, Reagan seemed to insinuate that the KKK represented the South, which caused many Southern governors to denounce Reagan's remarks.<a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a> Additionally, Reagan was widely ridiculed by Democrats for saying that trees caused pollution; he later said that he meant only certain types of pollution and his remarks had been misquoted.<a href="#cite_note-cbs_news-98">[93]</a> Meanwhile, Carter was burdened by a continued weak economy and the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_344-89">[84]</a> Inflation, high interest rates, and unemployment continued through the course of the campaign, and the ongoing hostage crisis in Iran became, according to <a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">David Frum</a> in How We Got Here: The '70s, a symbol of American impotence during the Carter years.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_344-89">[84]</a> John Anderson's independent candidacy, aimed at eliciting support from liberals, especially former supporters of <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>, was also seen as hurting Carter more than Reagan,<a href="#cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">[78]</a> especially in reliably Democratic states such as Massachusetts and New York. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_debates">Presidential debates</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Presidential debates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1980 United States presidential debates">1980 United States presidential debates</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Debates among candidates for the 1980 U.S. presidential election </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Host </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Panelists </th> <th>Moderator </th> <th>Participants </th> <th>Viewership (millions) </th></tr> <tr> <td>P1 </td> <td>Sunday, September 21, 1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Convention_Center" title="Baltimore Convention Center">Baltimore Convention Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carol_Loomis" title="Carol Loomis">Carol Loomis</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Greenberg" title="Daniel S. Greenberg">Daniel Greenberg</a> Charles Corddry Lee May <a href="/wiki/Jane_Bryant_Quinn" title="Jane Bryant Quinn">Jane Bryant Quinn</a> Soma Golden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Former Governor Ronald Reagan</a> <a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">Congressman John Anderson</a> </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>P1a </td> <td>Tuesday, October 28, 1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_Auditorium" title="Public Auditorium">Public Auditorium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td>Marvin Stone Harry Ellis <a href="/wiki/William_A._Hilliard" title="William A. Hilliard">William Hilliard</a> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_K._Smith" title="Howard K. Smith">Howard K. Smith</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Former Governor Ronald Reagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Jimmy Carter</a> </td> <td>80.6<a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8YxFc_1b_0">Reagan-Carter presidential debate, October 28, 1980</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Women_Voters" title="League of Women Voters">League of Women Voters</a>, which had sponsored the 1976 Ford/Carter debate series, announced that it would do so again for the next cycle in the spring of 1979. Carter steadfastly refused to participate in a debate if Anderson was included, and Reagan refused to debate without him. A League-sponsored debate was held on September 21, 1980, in the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Convention_Center" title="Baltimore Convention Center">Baltimore Convention Center</a>. Of Carter's refusal to debate, Reagan said: "He [Carter] knows that he couldn't win a debate even if it were held in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a> before an audience of Administration officials with the questions being asked by <a href="/wiki/Jody_Powell" title="Jody Powell">Jody Powell</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_on_Carter_in_Baltimore_478-100">[95]</a> Anderson, who many thought would handily dispatch Reagan, managed only a narrow win, according to many in the media at that time, with Reagan putting up a much stronger performance than expected. Despite the narrow win in the debate, Anderson, who had been as high as 20% in some polls, and at the time of the debate was over 10%, dropped to about 5% soon after. Anderson failed to substantively engage Reagan enough on their social issue differences and on Reagan's advocation of supply-side economics. Instead, Anderson started off by criticizing Carter: "Governor Reagan is not responsible for what has happened over the last four years, nor am I. The man who should be here tonight to respond to those charges chose not to attend," to which Reagan added: "It's a shame now that there are only two of us here debating, because the two that are here are in more agreement than disagreement."<a href="#cite_note-Reagan_Anderson_Debate_479-101">[96]</a> In one moment in the debate, Reagan commented on a rumor that Anderson had invited Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> to be his running mate by asking the candidate directly, "John, would you really prefer Teddy Kennedy to me?"<a href="#cite_note-102">[97]</a> As September turned into October, the situation remained essentially the same. Reagan insisted Anderson be allowed to participate in a three-way debate, while Carter remained steadfastly opposed to this. As the standoff continued, the second debate was canceled, as was the vice presidential debate. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png/220px-Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png/220px-Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png/330px-Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png/440px-Carter_Reagan_Debate_10-28-80.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>President Carter (left) and former Governor Reagan (right) at the presidential debate on October 28, 1980</figcaption></figure> With two weeks to go to the election, the Reagan campaign decided at that point that the best thing to do was to accede to all of President Carter's demands. The final debate, featuring only Carter and Reagan, was rescheduled for October 28 in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. The showdown ranked among the highest ratings of any <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> program in the previous decade. Debate topics included the Iranian hostage crisis and nuclear arms. Carter's campaign sought to portray Reagan as a reckless "war hawk", as well as a "dangerous right-wing radical". But it was President Carter's reference to his consultation with 12-year-old daughter <a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy</a> concerning nuclear weapons policy that became the focus of post-debate analysis and fodder for late-night television <a href="/wiki/Joke" title="Joke">jokes</a>. President Carter said he had asked Amy what the most important issue in that election was and she said, "the control of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear arms">nuclear arms</a>." A famous political cartoon, published the day after Reagan's landslide victory, showed Amy Carter sitting in Jimmy's lap with her shoulders shrugged asking "the economy? the hostage crisis?"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] When President Carter criticized Reagan's record, which included voting against <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> benefits, former Governor Reagan audibly sighed and replied: "<a href="/wiki/There_you_go_again" title="There you go again">There you go again</a>".<a href="#cite_note-pbs_debate-103">[98]</a> In his closing remarks, Reagan asked viewers: "Are you better off now than you were four years ago? Is it easier for you to go and buy things in the stores than it was four years ago? Is there more or less unemployment in the country than there was four years ago? Is America as respected throughout the world as it was? Do you feel that our security is as safe, that we're as strong as we were four years ago? And if you answer all of those questions 'yes', why then, I think your choice is very obvious as to whom you will vote for. If you don't agree, if you don't think that this course that we've been on for the last four years is what you would like to see us follow for the next four, then I could suggest another choice that you have".<a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a> After trailing Carter by eight points among registered voters (and by three points among likely voters) right before their debate, Reagan moved into a three-point lead among likely voters immediately afterward.<a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endorsements">Endorsements</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Endorsements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In September 1980, former <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a> prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Leon_Jaworski" title="Leon Jaworski">Leon Jaworski</a> accepted a position as honorary chairman of <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrat" title="Reagan Democrat">Democrats for Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_344-89">[84]</a> Five months earlier, Jaworski had harshly criticized Reagan as an "extremist"; he said after accepting the chairmanship, "I would rather have a competent extremist than an incompetent moderate."<a href="#cite_note-'70s_344-89">[84]</a> Former Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> of Minnesota (who in <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a> had challenged <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> from the left, causing the then-President to all but abdicate) endorsed Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-MacNeil-Lehrer-106">[101]</a> Three days before the election, the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a> endorsed a presidential candidate for the first time in its history, backing Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a> Reagan had received the California Rifle and Pistol Association's Outstanding Public Service Award. Carter had appointed <a href="/wiki/Abner_J._Mikva" class="mw-redirect" title="Abner J. Mikva">Abner J. Mikva</a>, a fervent proponent of <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a>, to a federal judgeship and had supported the Alaska Lands Bill, closing 40,000,000 acres (160,000 km2) to hunting.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_election_endorsements">General election endorsements</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General election endorsements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#cff">List of John B. Anderson endorsements</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"> Anderson had received endorsements from: <dl><dt>Former officeholders</dt></dl> <ul><li>Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arizona%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Arizona's 2nd congressional district">Arizona's 2nd congressional district</a>) and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Interior Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Stewart Udall</a> (D-AZ)<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders</dt> <dd>Massachusetts</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County_Sheriff%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Middlesex County Sheriff's Office">Middlesex County Sheriff</a> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Buckley_(sheriff)" title="John J. Buckley (sheriff)">John J. Buckley</a> (D-MA)<a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts State Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Hatch_Jr." title="Francis W. Hatch Jr.">Francis W. Hatch Jr.</a> (R-MA)<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Republican_Party" title="Massachusetts Republican Party">Massachusetts Republican Party</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Spaulding" title="Josiah Spaulding">Josiah Spaulding</a> (R-MA)<a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators</dt></dl> <ul><li>Band <a href="/wiki/The_Cars" title="The Cars">The Cars</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Stockard_Channing" title="Stockard Channing">Stockard Channing</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Band <a href="/wiki/Cheap_Trick" title="Cheap Trick">Cheap Trick</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Actress <a href="/wiki/Dina_Merrill" title="Dina Merrill">Dina Merrill</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Band <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li> <li>Actress <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a><a href="#cite_note-post-113">[108]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Newspapers</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hutchinson_News" title="The Hutchinson News">The Hutchinson News</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson,_Kansas" title="Hutchinson, Kansas">Hutchinson, Kansas</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press" title="The Burlington Free Press">The Burlington Free Press</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_VT" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington, VT">Burlington, VT</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#cff">List of Jimmy Carter endorsements</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"> Carter had received endorsements from: <dl><dt>Newspapers</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a> in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State University">Penn State</a> Daily Collegian in <a href="/wiki/State_College,_Pennsylvania" title="State College, Pennsylvania">State College, Pennsylvania</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#cff">List of Barry Commoner endorsements</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"> Commoner had received endorsements from: <dl><dt>Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Montgomery County</a> precinct committeeman and Consumer Party <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Auditor_General" title="Pennsylvania Auditor General">Auditor General</a> candidate Darcy Richardson (D-PA)<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#cff">List of Clifton DeBerry endorsements</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"> DeBerry had received endorsements from: <dl><dt>Celebrities, political activists and political commentators</dt></dl> <ul><li>American People's Historical Society director <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#cff">List of Ronald Reagan endorsements</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"> Reagan had received endorsements from: <dl><dt>United States Senate</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Arizona" title="List of United States senators from Arizona">Arizona Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_DeConcini" title="Dennis DeConcini">Dennis DeConcini</a> (D-AZ)<a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">Virginia Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Byrd_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Byrd Jr.">Harry Byrd Jr.</a> (D-VA)<a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">New York Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Jacob Javits</a> (R-NY)<a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">Maryland Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mathias" title="Charles Mathias">Charles Mathias</a> (R-MD)<a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a> (R-MA)<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Minnesota Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> (D-MN)<a href="#cite_note-MacNeil-Lehrer-106">[101]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>United States House of Representatives</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> (<a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="California's 12th congressional district">California's 12th congressional district</a>) <a href="/wiki/Pete_McCloskey" title="Pete McCloskey">Pete McCloskey</a> (R-CA)<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> (<a href="/wiki/California%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="California's 26th congressional district">California's 26th congressional district</a>) <a href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt">James Roosevelt</a> (D-CA; son of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>)<a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Governors and State Constitutional officers</dt></dl> <ul><li>Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Georgia Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a> (D-GA)<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alabama">Alabama Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Malcolm_Patterson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Malcolm Patterson">John Malcolm Patterson</a> (D-AL)<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Texas Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Preston_Smith_(governor)" title="Preston Smith (governor)">Preston Smith</a> (D-TX)<a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi" title="Governor of Mississippi">Mississippi Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Williams" title="John Bell Williams">John Bell Williams</a> (D-MS)<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders</dt> <dd>Florida</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale</a> City Advisory Board member <a href="/wiki/Jim_Naugle" title="Jim Naugle">Jim Naugle</a> (D-FL)<a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>New York</dd></dl> <ul><li>Former <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_B._Bloom" title="Jeremiah B. Bloom">Jeremiah B. Bloom</a> (D-NY)<a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Celebrities, political activists and political commentators</dt></dl> <ul><li>Former <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men%27s_basketball" title="UCLA Bruins men's basketball">UCLA men's basketball head coach</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Wooden" title="John Wooden">John Wooden</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a></li> <li>Retired <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(United_States)" title="Admiral (United States)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Elmo_Zumwalt" title="Elmo Zumwalt">Elmo Zumwalt</a> (D-VA)<a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Newspaper endorsements</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic" title="The Arizona Republic">The Arizona Republic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Desert_Sun" title="The Desert Sun">The Desert Sun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs, California</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Omaha_World-Herald" title="Omaha World-Herald">Omaha World-Herald</a> in <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Quad-City_Times" title="Quad-City Times">Quad-City Times</a> in <a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport, Iowa</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Record_(Stockton,_California)" title="The Record (Stockton, California)">The Record</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Repository" title="The Repository">The Repository</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton, Ohio</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blade_(Toledo,_Ohio)" title="The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)">The Blade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch" title="Richmond Times-Dispatch">Richmond Times-Dispatch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results">Results</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The election was held on November 4, 1980.<a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> Ronald Reagan and running mate <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> defeated the Carter-Mondale ticket by almost 10 percentage points in the popular vote. The electoral college vote was a landslide, with 489 votes (representing 44 states) for Reagan and 49 for Carter (representing six states and Washington, D.C.). <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> also gained control of the Senate for the first time since 1954.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> projected Reagan as the winner at 8:15 pm EST (5:15 PST), before voting was finished in the West, based on <a href="/wiki/Exit_polls" class="mw-redirect" title="Exit polls">exit polls</a>; it was the first time a broadcast network used exit polling to project a winner, and it took the other broadcast networks by surprise. Carter conceded defeat at 9:50 pm EST.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a> Some of Carter's advisors urged him to wait until 11:00 pm EST to allow poll results from the West Coast to come in, but Carter decided to concede earlier in order to avoid the impression that he was sulking. <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a> angrily accused Carter of weakening the party's performance in the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1980 United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a> by doing this.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> John Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote but no states.<a href="#cite_note-auto-150">[145]</a> He had the most support in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, fueled by liberal and moderate Republicans who felt Reagan was too far to the right, and with voters who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the Carter administration's policies. His best showing was in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, where he won 15% of the vote. This is the first time Massachusetts voted for a Republican nominee since Dwight Eisenhower. Anderson performed worst in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>, receiving under 2% of the vote in South Carolina, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. He said he was accused of <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiling the election</a> by receiving votes that might have otherwise been cast for Carter,<a href="#cite_note-auto-150">[145]</a> but 37% of Anderson voters polled preferred Reagan as their second choice.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-151">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Ed Clark</a> received 921,299 popular votes (1.06%). Carter's loss was the worst performance by an incumbent president since Herbert Hoover lost to Franklin Roosevelt by a margin of 18% in <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>, and his 49 Electoral College votes were the fewest won by an incumbent since <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> won eight in <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>. Carter was the first incumbent Democrat to serve only one full term since <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>. This was the third and most recent presidential election in which the incumbent Democrat lost reelection, after 1840 and 1888. This was the first time since 1840 that an incumbent Democrat lost the popular vote. Reagan had the most lopsided Electoral College victory for a first-time president-elect, with the exception of George Washington's unanimous victory in 1788.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> This election was the last time a Republican won the presidency without winning Georgia. It was the first time Massachusetts voted for a Republican candidate since 1956. 1980 is one of only two occurrences of pairs of consecutive elections seeing the incumbent presidents defeated, the other happening in <a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>. This is the first time since 1892 that a party was voted out after a single four-year term, and the first for Democrats since 1888. This did not occur again for either party until 2020, and for the Democrats until 2024. Reagan won 53% of the vote in reliably Democratic <a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a>, one example of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrat" title="Reagan Democrat">Reagan Democrat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-'70s_283-88">[83]</a> Although he won an even larger Electoral College majority in 1984, the 1980 election nonetheless stands as the last time some now very strongly Democratic counties gave a Republican a majority or plurality. Notable examples are <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Washington" title="Jefferson County, Washington">Jefferson County</a> in Washington State, <a href="/wiki/Lane_County,_Oregon" title="Lane County, Oregon">Lane County, Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz Counties</a> in California, <a href="/wiki/McKinley_County,_New_Mexico" title="McKinley County, New Mexico">McKinley County, New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_County,_Illinois" title="Rock Island County, Illinois">Rock Island County, Illinois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> Survey research and post-election polling indicated that the landslide result had been more a repudiation of Carter than an embrace of Reagan. But the public was aware that Reagan would move the nation in a more conservative direction, and was apparently willing to give it a chance to avoid four more years of Carter.<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> At age 69, Reagan was the oldest non-incumbent to win a presidential election. Thirty-six years later, in <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>, this record was surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at age 70,<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">four years later</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at age 77,<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">another four years after</a> by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> again at age 78. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Results_2">Results</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral vote </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote </th></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,903,230 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.75% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">489 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">489 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (incumbent) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35,480,115 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (incumbent) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John B. Anderson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,719,850 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.61% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Patrick Lucey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Ed Clark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">921,128 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.06% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Commoner" title="Barry Commoner">Barry Commoner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">233,052 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.27% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/LaDonna_Harris" title="LaDonna Harris">LaDonna Harris</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,933 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/John_Rarick" title="John Rarick">John Rarick</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40,906 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> Eileen Shearer </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">Clifton DeBerry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38,738 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Matilde_Zimmermann" title="Matilde Zimmermann">Matilde Zimmermann</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Ellen_McCormack" title="Ellen McCormack">Ellen McCormack</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">Right to Life</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,320 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> Carroll Driscoll </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Smith" title="Maureen Smith">Maureen Smith</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,116 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cervantes_Barron" title="Elizabeth Cervantes Barron">Elizabeth Cervantes Barron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Other </td> <td>77,290 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>86,509,678 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>538 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>538 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>270 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>270 </td></tr></tbody></table> Source (popular vote): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1980&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1980 Presidential Election Results"</a>. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 7, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1980+Presidential+Election+Results&rft.aulast=Leip&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1980%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> Source (electoral vote): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1980#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>. Retrieved August 7, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1980%23certificates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Reagan</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:50.75%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">50.75%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Carter</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:41.01%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">41.01%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Anderson</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DCDCDC; width:6.61%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.61%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Clark</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FED105; width:1.06%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.06%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Commoner</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#00FF90; width:0.27%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.27%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.30%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.30%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Reagan</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:90.89%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">90.89%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Carter</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:9.11%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.11%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1629px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote"><noscript><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/500px-1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="352"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 317px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/500px-1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" data-alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" data-width="500" data-height="317" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/750px-1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/1000px-1980_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote"><noscript><img alt="Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg/500px-1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="506"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 316px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg/500px-1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg.png" data-alt="Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" data-width="500" data-height="316" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg/750px-1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg/1000px-1980_United_States_Presidential_election_by_congressional_districts.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1976 election to the 1980 election."><noscript><img alt="Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1976 election to the 1980 election." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/457px-1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="457" height="317" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="562"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 457px;height: 317px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/457px-1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png" data-alt="Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1976 election to the 1980 election." data-width="457" data-height="317" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/686px-1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/914px-1976-1980_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1976 election to the 1980 election.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_state">Results by state</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Results by state" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Source:<a href="#cite_note-auto3-157">[152]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Legend </caption> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td colspan="2">States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td colspan="2">States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>†</td> <td>At-large results (Maine used the Congressional District Method) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Ronald Reagan Republican </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Jimmy Carter Democratic </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">John Anderson Independent </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Ed Clark Libertarian </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Margin </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">State Total </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number"># </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1980 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>654,192 </td> <td>48.75 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>636,730 </td> <td>47.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>16,481 </td> <td>1.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>13,318 </td> <td>0.99 </td> <td>- </td> <td>17,462 </td> <td>1.30 </td> <td>1,341,929 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="1980 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>86,112 </td> <td>54.35 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>41,842 </td> <td>26.41 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,155 </td> <td>7.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>18,479 </td> <td>11.66 </td> <td>- </td> <td>44,270 </td> <td>27.94 </td> <td>158,445 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1980 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>529,688 </td> <td>60.61 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>246,843 </td> <td>28.24 </td> <td>- </td> <td>76,952 </td> <td>8.81 </td> <td>- </td> <td>18,784 </td> <td>2.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>282,845 </td> <td>32.36 </td> <td>873,945 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AZ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>403,164 </td> <td>48.13 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>398,041 </td> <td>47.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>22,468 </td> <td>2.68 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,970 </td> <td>1.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,123 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>837,582 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AR </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1980 United States presidential election in California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45 </td> <td>4,524,858 </td> <td>52.69 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>3,083,661 </td> <td>35.91 </td> <td>- </td> <td>739,833 </td> <td>8.62 </td> <td>- </td> <td>148,434 </td> <td>1.73 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,441,197 </td> <td>16.78 </td> <td>8,587,063 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1980 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>652,264 </td> <td>55.07 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>367,973 </td> <td>31.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>130,633 </td> <td>11.03 </td> <td>- </td> <td>25,744 </td> <td>2.17 </td> <td>- </td> <td>284,291 </td> <td>24.00 </td> <td>1,184,415 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CO </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>677,210 </td> <td>48.16 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>541,732 </td> <td>38.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>171,807 </td> <td>12.22 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,570 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>135,478 </td> <td>9.63 </td> <td>1,406,285 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1980 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>111,252 </td> <td>47.21 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>105,754 </td> <td>44.87 </td> <td>- </td> <td>16,288 </td> <td>6.91 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,974 </td> <td>0.84 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,498 </td> <td>2.33 </td> <td>235,668 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DE </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="1980 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">D.C.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>23,313 </td> <td>13.41 </td> <td>- </td> <td>130,231 </td> <td>74.89 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>16,131 </td> <td>9.28 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,104 </td> <td>0.63 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-106,918 </td> <td>-61.49 </td> <td>173,889 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1980 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td> <td>2,046,951 </td> <td>55.52 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>1,419,475 </td> <td>38.50 </td> <td>- </td> <td>189,692 </td> <td>5.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>30,524 </td> <td>0.83 </td> <td>- </td> <td>627,476 </td> <td>17.02 </td> <td>3,687,026 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">FL </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1980 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>654,168 </td> <td>40.95 </td> <td>- </td> <td>890,733 </td> <td>55.76 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>36,055 </td> <td>2.26 </td> <td>- </td> <td>15,627 </td> <td>0.98 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-236,565 </td> <td>-14.81 </td> <td>1,597,467 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">GA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="1980 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>130,112 </td> <td>42.90 </td> <td>- </td> <td>135,879 </td> <td>44.80 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>32,021 </td> <td>10.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,269 </td> <td>1.08 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-5,767 </td> <td>-1.90 </td> <td>303,287 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">HI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1980 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>290,699 </td> <td>66.46 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>110,192 </td> <td>25.19 </td> <td>- </td> <td>27,058 </td> <td>6.19 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,425 </td> <td>1.93 </td> <td>- </td> <td>180,507 </td> <td>41.27 </td> <td>437,431 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ID </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1980 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td> <td>2,358,049 </td> <td>49.65 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>1,981,413 </td> <td>41.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>346,754 </td> <td>7.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>38,939 </td> <td>0.82 </td> <td>- </td> <td>376,636 </td> <td>7.93 </td> <td>4,749,721 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1980 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>1,255,656 </td> <td>56.01 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>844,197 </td> <td>37.65 </td> <td>- </td> <td>111,639 </td> <td>4.98 </td> <td>- </td> <td>19,627 </td> <td>0.88 </td> <td>- </td> <td>411,459 </td> <td>18.35 </td> <td>2,242,033 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1980 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>676,026 </td> <td>51.31 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>508,672 </td> <td>38.60 </td> <td>- </td> <td>115,633 </td> <td>8.78 </td> <td>- </td> <td>13,123 </td> <td>1.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td>167,354 </td> <td>12.70 </td> <td>1,317,661 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>566,812 </td> <td>57.85 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>326,150 </td> <td>33.29 </td> <td>- </td> <td>68,231 </td> <td>6.96 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,470 </td> <td>1.48 </td> <td>- </td> <td>240,662 </td> <td>24.56 </td> <td>979,795 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1980 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>635,274 </td> <td>49.07 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>616,417 </td> <td>47.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>31,127 </td> <td>2.40 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,531 </td> <td>0.43 </td> <td>- </td> <td>18,857 </td> <td>1.46 </td> <td>1,294,627 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1980 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>792,853 </td> <td>51.20 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>708,453 </td> <td>45.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>26,345 </td> <td>1.70 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,240 </td> <td>0.53 </td> <td>- </td> <td>84,400 </td> <td>5.45 </td> <td>1,548,591 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine †</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td> <td>238,522 </td> <td>45.61 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>220,974 </td> <td>42.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>53,327 </td> <td>10.20 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,119 </td> <td>0.98 </td> <td>- </td> <td>17,548 </td> <td>3.36 </td> <td>523,011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ME </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine-1</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td>126,274 </td> <td>45.96 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>117,613 </td> <td>42.80 </td> <td>– </td> <td>30,889 </td> <td>11.24 </td> <td>– </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,661 </td> <td>3.15 </td> <td>274,776 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ME1 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine-2</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td>112,248 </td> <td>47.15 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>103,361 </td> <td>43.42 </td> <td>– </td> <td>22,438 </td> <td>9.43 </td> <td>– </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,887 </td> <td>3.73 </td> <td>238,047 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ME2 </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1980 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>680,606 </td> <td>44.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>726,161 </td> <td>47.14 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>119,537 </td> <td>7.76 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,192 </td> <td>0.92 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-45,555 </td> <td>-2.96 </td> <td>1,540,496 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MD </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td>1,057,631 </td> <td>41.90 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>1,053,802 </td> <td>41.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>382,539 </td> <td>15.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>22,038 </td> <td>0.87 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,829 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>2,524,298 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1980 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21 </td> <td>1,915,225 </td> <td>48.99 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>1,661,532 </td> <td>42.50 </td> <td>- </td> <td>275,223 </td> <td>7.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>41,597 </td> <td>1.06 </td> <td>- </td> <td>253,693 </td> <td>6.49 </td> <td>3,909,725 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MI </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1980 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>873,241 </td> <td>42.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>954,174 </td> <td>46.50 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>174,990 </td> <td>8.53 </td> <td>- </td> <td>31,592 </td> <td>1.54 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-80,933 </td> <td>-3.94 </td> <td>2,051,953 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1980 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>441,089 </td> <td>49.42 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>429,281 </td> <td>48.09 </td> <td>- </td> <td>12,036 </td> <td>1.35 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,465 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,808 </td> <td>1.32 </td> <td>892,620 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1980 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>1,074,181 </td> <td>51.16 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>931,182 </td> <td>44.35 </td> <td>- </td> <td>77,920 </td> <td>3.71 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,422 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>142,999 </td> <td>6.81 </td> <td>2,099,824 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MO </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1980 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>206,814 </td> <td>56.82 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>118,032 </td> <td>32.43 </td> <td>- </td> <td>29,281 </td> <td>8.05 </td> <td>- </td> <td>9,825 </td> <td>2.70 </td> <td>- </td> <td>88,782 </td> <td>24.39 </td> <td>363,952 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1980 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>419,937 </td> <td>65.53 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>166,851 </td> <td>26.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>44,993 </td> <td>7.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>9,073 </td> <td>1.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>253,086 </td> <td>39.49 </td> <td>640,854 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NE </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1980 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>155,017 </td> <td>62.54 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>66,666 </td> <td>26.89 </td> <td>- </td> <td>17,651 </td> <td>7.12 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,358 </td> <td>1.76 </td> <td>- </td> <td>88,351 </td> <td>35.64 </td> <td>247,885 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>221,705 </td> <td>57.74 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>108,864 </td> <td>28.35 </td> <td>- </td> <td>49,693 </td> <td>12.94 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,067 </td> <td>0.54 </td> <td>- </td> <td>112,841 </td> <td>29.39 </td> <td>383,999 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td> <td>1,546,557 </td> <td>51.97 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>1,147,364 </td> <td>38.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>234,632 </td> <td>7.88 </td> <td>- </td> <td>20,652 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>399,193 </td> <td>13.42 </td> <td>2,975,684 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NJ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>250,779 </td> <td>54.97 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>167,826 </td> <td>36.78 </td> <td>- </td> <td>29,459 </td> <td>6.46 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,365 </td> <td>0.96 </td> <td>- </td> <td>82,953 </td> <td>18.18 </td> <td>456,237 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NM </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1980 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">41 </td> <td>2,893,831 </td> <td>46.66 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>2,728,372 </td> <td>43.99 </td> <td>- </td> <td>467,801 </td> <td>7.54 </td> <td>- </td> <td>52,648 </td> <td>0.85 </td> <td>- </td> <td>165,459 </td> <td>2.67 </td> <td>6,201,959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1980 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>915,018 </td> <td>49.30 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>875,635 </td> <td>47.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>52,800 </td> <td>2.85 </td> <td>- </td> <td>9,677 </td> <td>0.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>39,383 </td> <td>2.12 </td> <td>1,855,833 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1980 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>193,695 </td> <td>64.23 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>79,189 </td> <td>26.26 </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,640 </td> <td>7.84 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,743 </td> <td>1.24 </td> <td>- </td> <td>114,506 </td> <td>37.97 </td> <td>301,545 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ND </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1980 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 </td> <td>2,206,545 </td> <td>51.51 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>1,752,414 </td> <td>40.91 </td> <td>- </td> <td>254,472 </td> <td>5.94 </td> <td>- </td> <td>49,033 </td> <td>1.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>454,131 </td> <td>10.60 </td> <td>4,283,603 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1980 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>695,570 </td> <td>60.50 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>402,026 </td> <td>34.97 </td> <td>- </td> <td>38,284 </td> <td>3.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>13,828 </td> <td>1.20 </td> <td>- </td> <td>293,544 </td> <td>25.53 </td> <td>1,149,708 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1980 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>571,044 </td> <td>48.33 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>456,890 </td> <td>38.67 </td> <td>- </td> <td>112,389 </td> <td>9.51 </td> <td>- </td> <td>25,838 </td> <td>2.19 </td> <td>- </td> <td>114,154 </td> <td>9.66 </td> <td>1,181,516 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OR </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1980 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 </td> <td>2,261,872 </td> <td>49.59 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>1,937,540 </td> <td>42.48 </td> <td>- </td> <td>292,921 </td> <td>6.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>33,263 </td> <td>0.73 </td> <td>- </td> <td>324,332 </td> <td>7.11 </td> <td>4,561,501 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>154,793 </td> <td>37.20 </td> <td>- </td> <td>198,342 </td> <td>47.67 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>59,819 </td> <td>14.38 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,458 </td> <td>0.59 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-43,549 </td> <td>-10.47 </td> <td>416,072 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">RI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1980 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>441,207 </td> <td>49.57 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>427,560 </td> <td>48.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,150 </td> <td>1.59 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,975 </td> <td>0.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>13,647 </td> <td>1.53 </td> <td>890,083 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1980 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>198,343 </td> <td>60.53 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>103,855 </td> <td>31.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>21,431 </td> <td>6.54 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,824 </td> <td>1.17 </td> <td>- </td> <td>94,488 </td> <td>28.83 </td> <td>327,703 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SD </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1980 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>787,761 </td> <td>48.70 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>783,051 </td> <td>48.41 </td> <td>- </td> <td>35,991 </td> <td>2.22 </td> <td>- </td> <td>7,116 </td> <td>0.44 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,710 </td> <td>0.29 </td> <td>1,617,616 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1980 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td> <td>2,510,705 </td> <td>55.28 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>1,881,147 </td> <td>41.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>111,613 </td> <td>2.46 </td> <td>- </td> <td>37,643 </td> <td>0.83 </td> <td>- </td> <td>629,558 </td> <td>13.86 </td> <td>4,541,637 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TX </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1980 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>439,687 </td> <td>72.77 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>124,266 </td> <td>20.57 </td> <td>- </td> <td>30,284 </td> <td>5.01 </td> <td>- </td> <td>7,226 </td> <td>1.20 </td> <td>- </td> <td>315,421 </td> <td>52.20 </td> <td>604,222 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">UT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1980 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>94,598 </td> <td>44.37 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>81,891 </td> <td>38.41 </td> <td>- </td> <td>31,760 </td> <td>14.90 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,900 </td> <td>0.89 </td> <td>- </td> <td>12,707 </td> <td>5.96 </td> <td>213,207 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1980 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>989,609 </td> <td>53.03 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>752,174 </td> <td>40.31 </td> <td>- </td> <td>95,418 </td> <td>5.11 </td> <td>- </td> <td>12,821 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>237,435 </td> <td>12.72 </td> <td>1,866,032 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1980 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>865,244 </td> <td>49.66 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>650,193 </td> <td>37.32 </td> <td>- </td> <td>185,073 </td> <td>10.62 </td> <td>- </td> <td>29,213 </td> <td>1.68 </td> <td>- </td> <td>215,051 </td> <td>12.34 </td> <td>1,742,394 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1980 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>334,206 </td> <td>45.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>367,462 </td> <td>49.81 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>31,691 </td> <td>4.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,356 </td> <td>0.59 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-33,256 </td> <td>-4.51 </td> <td>737,715 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td>1,088,845 </td> <td>47.90 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>981,584 </td> <td>43.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>160,657 </td> <td>7.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>29,135 </td> <td>1.28 </td> <td>- </td> <td>107,261 </td> <td>4.72 </td> <td>2,273,221 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1980 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>110,700 </td> <td>62.64 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>49,427 </td> <td>27.97 </td> <td>- </td> <td>12,072 </td> <td>6.83 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,514 </td> <td>2.55 </td> <td>- </td> <td>61,273 </td> <td>34.67 </td> <td>176,713 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WY </td></tr> <tr> <th>TOTALS: </th> <th>538 </th> <th>43,903,230 </th> <th>50.75 </th> <th>489 </th> <th>35,480,115 </th> <th>41.01 </th> <th>49 </th> <th>5,719,850 </th> <th>6.61 </th> <th>- </th> <th>921,128 </th> <th>1.06 </th> <th>- </th> <th>8,423,115 </th> <th>9.74 </th> <th>86,509,678 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">US </td></tr></tbody></table> Maine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates. Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district. Reagan won all four votes.<a href="#cite_note-MaineDistrict-158">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican">States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic to Republican" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Close_states">Close states</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Close states" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Margin of victory less than 1% (30 electoral votes): <ol><li>Massachusetts, 0.15% (3,829 votes)</li> <li>Tennessee, 0.29% (4,710 votes)</li> <li>Arkansas, 0.61% (5,123 votes)</li></ol> Margin of victory less than 5% (135 electoral votes): <ol><li>Alabama, 1.30% (17,462 votes)</li> <li>Mississippi, 1.32% (11,808 votes)</li> <li>Kentucky, 1.46% (18,857 votes)</li> <li>South Carolina, 1.53% (13,647 votes)</li> <li>Hawaii, 1.90% (5,767 votes)</li> <li>North Carolina, 2.12% (39,383 votes)</li> <li>Delaware, 2.33% (5,498 votes)</li> <li>New York, 2.67% (165,459 votes)</li> <li>Maryland, 2.96% (45,555 votes)</li> <li>Maine's 1st Congressional District, 3.15% (8,661 votes)</li> <li>Maine, 3.36% (17,548 votes)</li> <li>Maine's 2nd Congressional District, 3.73% (8,887 votes)</li> <li>Minnesota, 3.94% (80,933 votes)</li> <li>West Virginia, 4.51% (33,256 votes)</li> <li>Wisconsin, 4.72% (107,261 votes)</li></ol> Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (113 electoral votes): <ol><li>Louisiana, 5.45% (84,400 votes)</li> <li>Vermont, 5.96% (12,707 votes)</li> <li>Michigan, 6.49% (253,693 votes)</li> <li>Missouri, 6.81% (142,999 votes)</li> <li>Pennsylvania, 7.11% (324,332 votes)</li> <li>Illinois, 7.93% (376,636 votes) (<a href="/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">tipping-point state</a>)</li> <li>Connecticut, 9.64% (135,478 votes)</li> <li>Oregon, 9.66% (114,154 votes)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistics">Statistics</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Statistics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="#cite_note-auto3-157">[152]</a> Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Republican) <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Banner_County,_Nebraska" title="Banner County, Nebraska">Banner County, Nebraska</a> 90.41%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Idaho" title="Madison County, Idaho">Madison County, Idaho</a> 88.41%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_North_Dakota" title="McIntosh County, North Dakota">McIntosh County, North Dakota</a> 86.01%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McPherson_County,_South_Dakota" title="McPherson County, South Dakota">McPherson County, South Dakota</a> 85.60%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Idaho" title="Franklin County, Idaho">Franklin County, Idaho</a> 85.31%</li></ol> Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Democratic) <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Alabama" title="Macon County, Alabama">Macon County, Alabama</a> 80.10%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Georgia" title="Hancock County, Georgia">Hancock County, Georgia</a> 78.50%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duval_County,_Texas" title="Duval County, Texas">Duval County, Texas</a> 77.91%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson County, Mississippi">Jefferson County, Mississippi</a> 77.84%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Alabama" title="Greene County, Alabama">Greene County, Alabama</a> 77.09%</li></ol> Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Other) <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Pitkin_County,_Colorado" title="Pitkin County, Colorado">Pitkin County, Colorado</a> 27.76%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket, Massachusetts</a> 21.63%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_County,_Illinois" title="Winnebago County, Illinois">Winnebago County, Illinois</a> 21.50%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukes_County,_Massachusetts" title="Dukes County, Massachusetts">Dukes County, Massachusetts</a> 20.88%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_County,_Iowa" title="Story County, Iowa">Story County, Iowa</a> 19.41%</li></ol> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Voter_demographics">Voter demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Voter demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8">The 1980 presidential vote by demographic subgroup </th></tr> <tr> <th>Demographic subgroup </th> <th style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Carter </th> <th style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Reagan </th> <th style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Anderson </th> <th>% of total vote </th></tr> <tr> <td>Total vote </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">51 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Ideology </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberals</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">60 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moderates" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderates">Moderates</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">49 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatives</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">23 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">73 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">67 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">27 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(voter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (voter)">Independents</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">31 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Sex </th></tr> <tr> <td>Men </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Women </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">46 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">47 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Race </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">83 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">56 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Age </th></tr> <tr> <td>18–21 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">45 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22–29 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#d0c0d7;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#d0c0d7;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30–44 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">38 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45–59 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 and older </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Family income </th></tr> <tr> <td>Under $10,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">52 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$10,000–15,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$15,000–25,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$25,000–50,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">59 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Over $50,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">66 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Region </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">East</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">51 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">45 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">52 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">35 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Union households </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Union</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;">45 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-union </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62 </td></tr></tbody></table> Source: <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> exit poll from the <a href="/wiki/Roper_Center_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="Roper Center for Public Opinion Research">Roper Center for Public Opinion Research</a> (15,201 surveyed)<a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="25" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1980 United States Senate elections">1980 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections">1980 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1980 United States gubernatorial elections">1980 United States gubernatorial elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">History of the United States (1964–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">History of the United States (1980–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_v._Celebrezze" title="Anderson v. Celebrezze">Anderson v. Celebrezze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_the_Koch_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activities of the Koch brothers">Political activities of the Koch brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debategate" title="Debategate">Debategate</a> per allegations of Carter's briefing books being leaked to Reagan campaign prior to their debate</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> In some states labeled as National Unity, Anderson Coalition, Anderson Alternative or "Anderson for President". Was also the nominee of the Liberal Party of New York. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Date is approximate </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> With George Bush </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> With Walter Mondale </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> With Walter Mondale </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present"</a>. United States Election Project. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved February 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Election+Project&rft.atitle=National+General+Election+VEP+Turnout+Rates%2C+1789-Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electproject.org%2Fnational-1789-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallaghanVirtanen1993" class="citation journal cs1">Callaghan, Karen J.; Virtanen, Simo (August 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131999">"Revised Models of the "Rally Phenomenon": The Case of the Carter Presidency"</a>. The Journal of Politics. 55 (3): 756–764. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2131999">10.2307/2131999</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3816">0022-3816</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2131999">2131999</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240102122002/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131999">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2024. Retrieved December 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Revised+Models+of+the+%22Rally+Phenomenon%22%3A+The+Case+of+the+Carter+Presidency&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=756-764&rft.date=1993-08&rft.issn=0022-3816&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2131999%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2131999&rft.aulast=Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Karen+J.&rft.au=Virtanen%2C+Simo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.2307%2F2131999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownstein2024" class="citation news cs1">Brownstein, Ronald (September 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/politics/blue-wall-states-harris-trump-analysis/index.html">"Why these three states are the most consistent tipping point in American politics"</a>. CNN. Retrieved September 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+these+three+states+are+the+most+consistent+tipping+point+in+American+politics&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft.aulast=Brownstein&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F09%2F17%2Fpolitics%2Fblue-wall-states-harris-trump-analysis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_292-5"><a href="#cite_ref-'70s_292_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292">How We Got Here: The '70s</a>. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292">292</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7"><bdi>0-465-04195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-uppafb-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uppafb_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uppafb_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307085655/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946222,00.html">"Oil Squeeze"</a>. Time. February 5, 1979. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946222,00.html">the original</a> on March 7, 2008. Retrieved December 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Oil+Squeeze&rft.date=1979-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C946222%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/money/retirement-planning/inflation-proofing-6-07/overview/0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm">"Inflation-proofing"</a>. ConsumerReports.org. February 11, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328194412/http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/money/retirement-planning/inflation-proofing-6-07/overview/0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inflation-proofing&rft.pub=ConsumerReports.org&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerreports.org%2Fcro%2Fmoney%2Fretirement-planning%2Finflation-proofing-6-07%2Foverview%2F0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019101602/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/">"Jimmy Carter"</a>. American Experience. PBS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/">the original</a> on October 19, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fgeneral-article%2Fcarter-crisis-speech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090721024329/http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402">""Crisis of Confidence" Speech (July 15, 1979)"</a>. Miller Center, University of Virginia. October 20, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402">the original</a> (text and video) on July 21, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Crisis+of+Confidence%22+Speech+%28July+15%2C+1979%29&rft.pub=Miller+Center%2C+University+of+Virginia&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fscripps%2Farchive%2Fspeeches%2Fdetail%2F3402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bg-series-4-10"><a href="#cite_ref-bg-series-4_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllis,_Sam2009" class="citation news cs1">Allis, Sam (February 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/">"Chapter 4: Sailing Into the Wind: Losing a quest for the top, finding a new freedom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174031/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Sailing+Into+the+Wind%3A+Losing+a+quest+for+the+top%2C+finding+a+new+freedom&rft.date=2009-02-18&rft.au=Allis%2C+Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Farticles%2F2009%2F02%2F18%2Fchapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Time Magazine, 11/12/79 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/686186156/how-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party">"How Ted Kennedy's '80 Challenge To President Carter 'Broke The Democratic Party'"</a>. NPR. January 17, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314233440/https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/686186156/how-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved October 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Ted+Kennedy%27s+%2780+Challenge+To+President+Carter+%27Broke+The+Democratic+Party%27&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F01%2F17%2F686186156%2Fhow-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chappaquiddick21980-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chappaquiddick21980_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chappaquiddick21980_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanburn2019" class="citation news cs1">Sanburn, Josh (July 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/07/chappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne">""The Kennedy Machine Buried What Really Happened": Revisiting Chappaquiddick, 50 Years Later"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230222094911/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/07/chappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22The+Kennedy+Machine+Buried+What+Really+Happened%22%3A+Revisiting+Chappaquiddick%2C+50+Years+Later&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.aulast=Sanburn&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fstyle%2F2019%2F07%2Fchappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarraOstromSimon1990" class="citation journal cs1">Marra, Robin F.; Ostrom, Charles W.; Simon, Dennis M. (January 1, 1990). "Foreign Policy and Presidential Popularity: Creating Windows of Opportunity in the Perpetual Election". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 34 (4): 588–623. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022002790034004002">10.1177/0022002790034004002</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/174181">174181</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154620443">154620443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Conflict+Resolution&rft.atitle=Foreign+Policy+and+Presidential+Popularity%3A+Creating+Windows+of+Opportunity+in+the+Perpetual+Election&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=588-623&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154620443%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F174181%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0022002790034004002&rft.aulast=Marra&rft.aufirst=Robin+F.&rft.au=Ostrom%2C+Charles+W.&rft.au=Simon%2C+Dennis+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021016003953/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/19/iran/main265499.shtml">"CBS News | Reagan's Lucky Day"</a>. www.cbsnews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/19/iran/main265499.shtml">the original</a> on October 16, 2002. Retrieved January 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=CBS+News+%26%23124%3B+Reagan%27s+Lucky+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2001%2F01%2F19%2Firan%2Fmain265499.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472108670-03.pdf">"Chapter 3 : The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission"</a> (PDF). Press.umich.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472108670-03.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press.umich.edu&rft.atitle=Chapter+3+%3A+The+Iranian+Hostage+Rescue+Mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.umich.edu%2Fpdf%2F0472108670-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-christian_science-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-christian_science_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-christian_science_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerry_Lanson2008" class="citation news cs1">Jerry Lanson (November 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/1106/p09s02-coop.html">"A historic victory. A changed nation. Now, can Obama deliver?"</a>. Christian Science Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501071734/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/1106/p09s02-coop.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=A+historic+victory.+A+changed+nation.+Now%2C+can+Obama+deliver%3F&rft.date=2008-11-06&rft.au=Jerry+Lanson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2008%2F1106%2Fp09s02-coop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Gaddis Smith, Morality, Reason and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years (1986) pp 224–228. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Odd Arne Westad, ed. "The Fall of Détente." in Soviet-American Relations during the Carter Years (Scandinavian University Press, 1997). </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins,_James_S.2008" class="citation web cs1">Robbins, James S. (May 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race/">"Clinton Campaign Reminiscent of 1980 Race"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605020402/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clinton+Campaign+Reminiscent+of+1980+Race&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft.au=Robbins%2C+James+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fclinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226161048/http://www.startribune.com/business/15887132.html">"Steenland: Odd man out?"</a>. Star Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/business/15887132.html">the original</a> on February 26, 2008. Retrieved January 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=Steenland%3A+Odd+man+out%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.startribune.com%2Fbusiness%2F15887132.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> William DeGregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Gramercy 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornacki2011" class="citation web cs1">Kornacki, Steve (April 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110406213710/http://www.salon.com/books/history/index.html?story=%2Fpolitics%2Fwar_room%2F2011%2F04%2F04%2Fthird_party_myth_easterbrook">"The myths that just won't die - History - Salon.com"</a>. Salon.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/books/history/index.html?story=/politics/war_room/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook">the original</a> on April 6, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+myths+that+just+won%27t+die+-+History+-+Salon.com&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft.aulast=Kornacki&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2Fbooks%2Fhistory%2Findex.html%3Fstory%3D%2Fpolitics%2Fwar_room%2F2011%2F04%2F04%2Fthird_party_myth_easterbrook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-presidency.ucsb.edu-24"><a href="#cite_ref-presidency.ucsb.edu_24-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php">http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080523221423/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php">Archived</a> May 23, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes">http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182240/http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes">Archived</a> November 19, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2013" class="citation book cs1">Moore, John (December 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uVVcAgAAQBAJ&q=commoner+harris+ticket&pg=PA73">Elections A-Z</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135938703" title="Special:BookSources/9781135938703"><bdi>9781135938703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+A-Z&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.isbn=9781135938703&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuVVcAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcommoner%2Bharris%2Bticket%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-President_Would_Beat_Ford,_Reagan-26"><a href="#cite_ref-President_Would_Beat_Ford,_Reagan_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/334905281">"President Would Beat Ford, Reagan"</a>. The Tampa Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525183252/https://www.newspapers.com/image/334905281">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=President+Would+Beat+Ford%2C+Reagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F334905281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ford_Leads_Carter_For_1980,_Poll_Says-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Ford_Leads_Carter_For_1980,_Poll_Says_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/677446948">"Ford Leads Carter For 1980, Poll Says"</a>. The Kansas City Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528043441/https://www.newspapers.com/image/677446948">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kansas+City+Times&rft.atitle=Ford+Leads+Carter+For+1980%2C+Poll+Says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F677446948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy_Stronger_Than_Carter_Against_GOP-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy_Stronger_Than_Carter_Against_GOP_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/351850922">"Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP"</a>. Rapid City Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526154211/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351850922">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+City+Journal&rft.atitle=Kennedy+Stronger+Than+Carter+Against+GOP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F351850922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jimmy_Carter_Leading_Ford_And_Reagan-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Jimmy_Carter_Leading_Ford_And_Reagan_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/964283432">"Jimmy Carter Leading Ford And Reagan"</a>. Danville Register and Bee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526160621/https://www.newspapers.com/image/964283432">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Danville+Register+and+Bee&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+Leading+Ford+And+Reagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F964283432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Routs_Reagan_In_Election_Poll-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Routs_Reagan_In_Election_Poll_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/144038489">"Carter Routs Reagan In Election Poll"</a>. Asbury Park Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528040712/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144038489">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Carter+Routs+Reagan+In+Election+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F144038489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Leads,_Edge_Narrows-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Leads,_Edge_Narrows_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/964544995">"Carter Leads, Edge Narrows"</a>. Danville Register and Bee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526165855/https://www.newspapers.com/image/964544995">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Danville+Register+and+Bee&rft.atitle=Carter+Leads%2C+Edge+Narrows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F964544995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Trails_Carter,_Kennedy-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Trails_Carter,_Kennedy_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/209258899">"Reagan Trails Carter, Kennedy"</a>. Lansing State Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lansing+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Reagan+Trails+Carter%2C+Kennedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F209258899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Cuts_Deeper_Into_Carter's_Lead-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Cuts_Deeper_Into_Carter's_Lead_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/190984428">"Reagan Cuts Deeper Into Carter's Lead"</a>. The Minneapolis Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053150/https://www.newspapers.com/image/190984428">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Minneapolis+Star&rft.atitle=Reagan+Cuts+Deeper+Into+Carter%27s+Lead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F190984428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Leads_Carter_51-43%-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Leads_Carter_51-43%_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/220787304">"Reagan Leads Carter 51-43%"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053152/https://www.newspapers.com/image/220787304">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Reagan+Leads+Carter+51-43%25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F220787304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poll_Shows_Kennedy_Stronger_Than_Carter_Against_GOP's_Top_4-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Poll_Shows_Kennedy_Stronger_Than_Carter_Against_GOP's_Top_4_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/602399108">"Poll Shows Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP's Top 4"</a>. The Shreveport Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526233436/https://www.newspapers.com/image/602399108">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shreveport+Journal&rft.atitle=Poll+Shows+Kennedy+Stronger+Than+Carter+Against+GOP%27s+Top+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F602399108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Trailing_Reagan,_Baker-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Trailing_Reagan,_Baker_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/191090602">"Carter Trailing Reagan, Baker"</a>. The Minneapolis Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528141602/https://www.newspapers.com/image/191090602">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Minneapolis+Star&rft.atitle=Carter+Trailing+Reagan%2C+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F191090602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Gaining_Ground-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Gaining_Ground_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/351779118">"Carter Gaining Ground"</a>. Rapid City Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526235326/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351779118">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+City+Journal&rft.atitle=Carter+Gaining+Ground&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F351779118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Keeps_Lead_Over_Carter_In_Presidential_Choice_Poll-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Keeps_Lead_Over_Carter_In_Presidential_Choice_Poll_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/144100454">"Reagan Keeps Lead Over Carter In Presidential Choice Poll"</a>. Asbury Park Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528143247/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144100454">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Reagan+Keeps+Lead+Over+Carter+In+Presidential+Choice+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F144100454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-President,_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-President,_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-President,_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/628225800">"President, Reagan In Dead Heat"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527002240/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628225800">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=President%2C+Reagan+In+Dead+Heat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F628225800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan's_Standing_Suffers_Sharp_Drop_In_Presidential_Poll-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan's_Standing_Suffers_Sharp_Drop_In_Presidential_Poll_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/144586078">"Reagan's Standing Suffers Sharp Drop In Presidential Poll"</a>. Asbury Park Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528143942/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144586078">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Reagan%27s+Standing+Suffers+Sharp+Drop+In+Presidential+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F144586078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Takes_Big_Lead_In_GOP_Race-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Takes_Big_Lead_In_GOP_Race_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/144219110">"Reagan Takes Big Lead In GOP Race"</a>. Asbury Park Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528145709/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144219110">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Reagan+Takes+Big+Lead+In+GOP+Race&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F144219110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Continues_Lead_Over_GOP-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Continues_Lead_Over_GOP_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/335317843">"Carter Continues Lead Over GOP"</a>. The Tampa Tribune.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter+Continues+Lead+Over+GOP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F335317843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Pushes_Ahead_As_Kennedy_Falters_In_Ford-Reagan_Tests-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Pushes_Ahead_As_Kennedy_Falters_In_Ford-Reagan_Tests_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/628237858">"Carter Pushes Ahead As Kennedy Falters In Ford-Reagan Tests"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527012759/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628237858">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Carter+Pushes+Ahead+As+Kennedy+Falters+In+Ford-Reagan+Tests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F628237858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Takes_Big_Lead_Over_Reagan_In_Presidential_Race_Poll-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Takes_Big_Lead_Over_Reagan_In_Presidential_Race_Poll_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/143538507">"Carter Takes Big Lead Over Reagan In Presidential Race Poll"</a>. Asbury Park Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528150513/https://www.newspapers.com/image/143538507">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Carter+Takes+Big+Lead+Over+Reagan+In+Presidential+Race+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F143538507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Consolidates_Lead_Over_GOP-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Consolidates_Lead_Over_GOP_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/325233058">"Carter Consolidates Lead Over GOP"</a>. The Tampa Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527021000/https://www.newspapers.com/image/325233058">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=Carter+Consolidates+Lead+Over+GOP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F325233058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Holds_Lead_Among_Candidates-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Holds_Lead_Among_Candidates_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/145007946">"Carter Holds Lead Among Candidates"</a>. Asbury Park Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528153250/https://www.newspapers.com/image/145007946">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Carter+Holds+Lead+Among+Candidates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F145007946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Leads_3_GOP_Contenders,_But_Ted_Trails-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Leads_3_GOP_Contenders,_But_Ted_Trails_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/628290780">"Carter Leads 3 GOP Contenders, But Ted Trails"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527022626/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628290780">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Carter+Leads+3+GOP+Contenders%2C+But+Ted+Trails&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F628290780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Republicans_And_Independents_Pick_Ford_As_Favorite_Candidate-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Republicans_And_Independents_Pick_Ford_As_Favorite_Candidate_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Republicans_And_Independents_Pick_Ford_As_Favorite_Candidate_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/143606587">"Republicans And Independents Pick Ford As Favorite Candidate"</a>. Asbury Park Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Republicans+And+Independents+Pick+Ford+As+Favorite+Candidate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F143606587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Invites_Connally_Workers_To_Join_His_Effort-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Invites_Connally_Workers_To_Join_His_Effort_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/325240462">"Reagan Invites Connally Workers To Join His Effort"</a>. Des Moines Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527025716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/325240462">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Tribune&rft.atitle=Reagan+Invites+Connally+Workers+To+Join+His+Effort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F325240462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Tops_Voters'_List;_Carter_Dives_51-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/255523976">"Reagan Tops Voters' List; Carter Dives"</a>. Press and Sun-Bulletin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+and+Sun-Bulletin&rft.atitle=Reagan+Tops+Voters%27+List%3B+Carter+Dives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F255523976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter's_Lead_Over_Reagan_Slipping;_Anderson_Strong-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carter's_Lead_Over_Reagan_Slipping;_Anderson_Strong_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carter's_Lead_Over_Reagan_Slipping;_Anderson_Strong_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/628717795">"Carter's Lead Over Reagan Slipping; Anderson Strong"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527031401/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628717795">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Carter%27s+Lead+Over+Reagan+Slipping%3B+Anderson+Strong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F628717795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Leads_Carter-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Leads_Carter_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1046603486">"Reagan Leads Carter"</a>. Journal and Courier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+and+Courier&rft.atitle=Reagan+Leads+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F1046603486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson_Strongest_Among_Younger_Voters-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_Strongest_Among_Younger_Voters_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/965404960">"Anderson Strongest Among Younger Voters"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527034256/https://www.newspapers.com/image/965404960">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Anderson+Strongest+Among+Younger+Voters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F965404960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson_Starts_To_Look_Like_A_Possible_Winner-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_Starts_To_Look_Like_A_Possible_Winner_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/98551357">"Anderson Starts To Look Like A Possible Winner"</a>. Detroit Free Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170502/https://www.newspapers.com/image/98551357">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Anderson+Starts+To+Look+Like+A+Possible+Winner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F98551357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Outpolls_Reagan_49%_to_41%_In_Survey-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Outpolls_Reagan_49%_to_41%_In_Survey_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Outpolls_Reagan_49%_to_41%_In_Survey_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/385345061">"Carter Outpolls Reagan 49% to 41% In Survey"</a>. The Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527034257/https://www.newspapers.com/image/385345061">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Carter+Outpolls+Reagan+49%25+to+41%25+In+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F385345061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Stretches_Lead_Over_President_Carter_57-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/612964907">"Reagan Stretches Lead Over President Carter"</a>. The Salt Lake Tribune.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Reagan+Stretches+Lead+Over+President+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F612964907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Three_New_National_Polls_Show_Reagan_Well_Ahead-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Three_New_National_Polls_Show_Reagan_Well_Ahead_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/399442859/">"Three New National Polls Show Reagan Well Ahead"</a>. The Atlanta Constitution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170506/https://www.newspapers.com/image/399442859/">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Three+New+National+Polls+Show+Reagan+Well+Ahead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F399442859%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Widens_Lead_While_Anderson_Slips_59-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/965797924">"Reagan Widens Lead While Anderson Slips"</a>. Danville Register and Bee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527210848/https://www.newspapers.com/image/965797924">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Danville+Register+and+Bee&rft.atitle=Reagan+Widens+Lead+While+Anderson+Slips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F965797924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallup_Poll_Has_Reagan_Maintaining_Lead_Over_Carter-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup_Poll_Has_Reagan_Maintaining_Lead_Over_Carter_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/351854273">"Gallup Poll Has Reagan Maintaining Lead Over Carter"</a>. Rapid City Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527123305/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351854273">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+City+Journal&rft.atitle=Gallup+Poll+Has+Reagan+Maintaining+Lead+Over+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F351854273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan-Bush_Ticket_Leads_Dems-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan-Bush_Ticket_Leads_Dems_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/88789023">"Reagan-Bush Ticket Leads Dems"</a>. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527125320/https://www.newspapers.com/image/88789023">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Reagan-Bush+Ticket+Leads+Dems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F88789023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poll:_Reagan_Leads_Carter_By_28_Percent-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Poll:_Reagan_Leads_Carter_By_28_Percent_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/149658493">"Poll: Reagan Leads Carter By 28 Percent"</a>. Reno Gazette-Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173232/https://www.newspapers.com/image/149658493">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reno+Gazette-Journal&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Reagan+Leads+Carter+By+28+Percent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F149658493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poll_Shows_Carter_Third-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Poll_Shows_Carter_Third_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/428525563">"Poll Shows Carter Third"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173233/https://www.newspapers.com/image/428525563">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Poll+Shows+Carter+Third&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F428525563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallup_Poll:_Carter_Falters_But_Still_Leads_Teddy-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup_Poll:_Carter_Falters_But_Still_Leads_Teddy_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/518942142">"Gallup Poll: Carter Falters But Still Leads Teddy"</a>. The Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527125326/https://www.newspapers.com/image/518942142">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Gallup+Poll%3A+Carter+Falters+But+Still+Leads+Teddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F518942142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latest_Figures:_Reagan_48%,_Carter_28%,_Anderson_19%-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Latest_Figures:_Reagan_48%,_Carter_28%,_Anderson_19%_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1065588592">"Latest Figures: Reagan 48%, Carter 28%, Anderson 19%"</a>. The Plain Dealer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528180701/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1065588592">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&rft.atitle=Latest+Figures%3A+Reagan+48%25%2C+Carter+28%25%2C+Anderson+19%25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F1065588592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_And_Carter_Run_Neck_And_Neck_In_Gallup-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_And_Carter_Run_Neck_And_Neck_In_Gallup_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/628730997">"Reagan And Carter Run Neck And Neck In Gallup"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213126/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628730997">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Reagan+And+Carter+Run+Neck+And+Neck+In+Gallup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F628730997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_And_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat,_According_To_Gallup_Poll-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_And_Reagan_In_Dead_Heat,_According_To_Gallup_Poll_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/129129713">"Carter And Reagan In Dead Heat, According To Gallup Poll"</a>. The Des Moines Register. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213124/https://www.newspapers.com/image/129129713">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Carter+And+Reagan+In+Dead+Heat%2C+According+To+Gallup+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F129129713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFL-CIO_Balks_On_Carter_Support-71"><a href="#cite_ref-AFL-CIO_Balks_On_Carter_Support_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/161566588">"AFL-CIO Balks On Carter Support"</a>. The News Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528182446/https://www.newspapers.com/image/161566588">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Journal&rft.atitle=AFL-CIO+Balks+On+Carter+Support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F161566588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latest_Test_Still_Shows_Reagan_And_Carter_In_Close_Contention-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Latest_Test_Still_Shows_Reagan_And_Carter_In_Close_Contention_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Latest_Test_Still_Shows_Reagan_And_Carter_In_Close_Contention_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108">"Latest Test Still Shows Reagan And Carter In Close Contention"</a>. The Indianapolis Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527222807/https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indianapolis+Star&rft.atitle=Latest+Test+Still+Shows+Reagan+And+Carter+In+Close+Contention&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F107626108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Nixes_3-Way_Campaign_Debates-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Nixes_3-Way_Campaign_Debates_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302">"Carter Nixes 3-Way Campaign Debates"</a>. Philadelphia Daily News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Carter+Nixes+3-Way+Campaign+Debates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F186033302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Holds_Narrow_Lead;_Anderson_Dips-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Holds_Narrow_Lead;_Anderson_Dips_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Holds_Narrow_Lead;_Anderson_Dips_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108">"Reagan Holds Narrow Lead; Anderson Dips"</a>. The Knoxville News-Sentinel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527222807/https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Knoxville+News-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Reagan+Holds+Narrow+Lead%3B+Anderson+Dips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F107626108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Loses_Ground_In_Poll-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Loses_Ground_In_Poll_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302">"Carter Loses Ground In Poll"</a>. The Times Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111129/https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Herald&rft.atitle=Carter+Loses+Ground+In+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F186033302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poll_Reveals_3-Point_Slip_By_Anderson-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Poll_Reveals_3-Point_Slip_By_Anderson_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1051563422">"Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson"</a>. Tarrytown Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190457/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1051563422">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tarrytown+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Poll+Reveals+3-Point+Slip+By+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F1051563422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_Trims_Reagan's_Lead_By_One_Point-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_Trims_Reagan's_Lead_By_One_Point_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/873974448">"Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson"</a>. The Buffalo News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190456/https://www.newspapers.com/image/873974448">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Buffalo+News&rft.atitle=Poll+Reveals+3-Point+Slip+By+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F873974448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-This_Poll_Puts_Jimmy,_Ron_In_Dead_Heat-78"><a href="#cite_ref-This_Poll_Puts_Jimmy,_Ron_In_Dead_Heat_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/803642769">"This Poll Puts Jimmy, Ron In Dead Heat"</a>. The Olympian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230859/https://www.newspapers.com/image/803642769">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Olympian&rft.atitle=This+Poll+Puts+Jimmy%2C+Ron+In+Dead+Heat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F803642769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan,_Carter_In_Tight_Fight-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan,_Carter_In_Tight_Fight_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/124902873">"Reagan, Carter In Tight Fight"</a>. Florida Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190454/https://www.newspapers.com/image/124902873">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=Reagan%2C+Carter+In+Tight+Fight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F124902873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polls_Say_Its_Going_Down_To_The_Wire-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polls_Say_Its_Going_Down_To_The_Wire_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polls_Say_Its_Going_Down_To_The_Wire_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/628971036">"Polls Say Its Going Down To The Wire"</a>. The Miami Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230900/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628971036">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Polls+Say+Its+Going+Down+To+The+Wire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F628971036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Leading_In_Final_Poll-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Leading_In_Final_Poll_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/73899964">"Reagan Leading In Final Poll"</a>. The Pantagraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111242/https://www.newspapers.com/image/73899964">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pantagraph&rft.atitle=Reagan+Leading+In+Final+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F73899964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Julio Borquez, "Partisan Appraisals of Party Defectors: Looking Back at the Reagan Democrats." American Review of Politics 26 (2005): 323-346 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.shareok.org/arp/article/view/368/345">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111231/https://journals.shareok.org/arp/article/view/368/345">Archived</a> September 21, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-strategy_campaigning-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strategy_campaigning_83-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinnerKudeliaMesquitaRice2007" class="citation book cs1">Skinner; Kudelia; Mesquita; Rice (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F0dCiDh4fMsC">The Strategy of Campaigning</a>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11627-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11627-0"><bdi>978-0-472-11627-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111129/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0dCiDh4fMsC">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategy+of+Campaigning&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11627-0&rft.au=Skinner&rft.au=Kudelia&rft.au=Mesquita&rft.au=Rice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF0dCiDh4fMsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_161-84"><a href="#cite_ref-'70s_161_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/161">How We Got Here: The '70s</a>. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/161">161</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7"><bdi>0-465-04195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Wayne, Stephen J. (1984). The Road to the White House (2nd ed.), p. 210. New York: St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-68526-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-68526-2">0-312-68526-2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-worldscollide-86"><a href="#cite_ref-worldscollide_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517015119/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19592304.html">"When worlds collide: politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham Crusade. (appearance by President Richard M. Nixon)"</a>. Journal of Church and State. March 22, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19592304.html">the original</a> on May 17, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=When+worlds+collide%3A+politics%2C+religion%2C+and+media+at+the+1970+East+Tennessee+Billy+Graham+Crusade.+%28appearance+by+President+Richard+M.+Nixon%29&rft.date=1997-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-19592304.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2010" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Jimmy (2010). White House Diary. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 469.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+House+Diary&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_283-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_283_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_283_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/283">How We Got Here: The '70s</a>. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/283">283</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7"><bdi>0-465-04195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_344-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_344_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_344_89-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_344_89-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_344_89-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_344_89-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/344">How We Got Here: The '70s</a>. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/344">344</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7"><bdi>0-465-04195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tax_history-90"><a href="#cite_ref-tax_history_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorndike2005" class="citation web cs1">Thorndike, Joseph J. (November 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/edf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b">"Historical Perspective: The Windfall Profit Tax -- Career of a Concept"</a>. TaxHistory.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051126011759/http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/edf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2005. Retrieved November 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TaxHistory.org&rft.atitle=Historical+Perspective%3A+The+Windfall+Profit+Tax+--+Career+of+a+Concept&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.aulast=Thorndike&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taxhistory.org%2Fthp%2Freadings.nsf%2Fcf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd%2Fedf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211074013/http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33305_20060309.pdf">"The Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax of the 1980s: Implications for Current Energy Policy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33305_20060309.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on February 11, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crude+Oil+Windfall+Profit+Tax+of+the+1980s%3A+Implications+for+Current+Energy+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.opencrs.com%2Frpts%2FRL33305_20060309.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988">, CRS Report RL33305, "The Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax of the 1980s: Implications for Current Energy Policy," by Salvatore Lazzari, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelich2005" class="citation web cs1">Melich, Tanya (July 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817044630/http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2379/context/archive">"O'Connor's Tenure Began One Hot Summer"</a>. Women's eNews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2379/context/archive">the original</a> on August 17, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O%27Connor%27s+Tenure+Began+One+Hot+Summer&rft.pub=Women%27s+eNews&rft.date=2005-07-18&rft.aulast=Melich&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensenews.org%2Farticle.cfm%2Fdyn%2Faid%2F2379%2Fcontext%2Farchive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-presidential_leadership-93"><a href="#cite_ref-presidential_leadership_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_TarantoLeonard_Leo2004" class="citation book cs1">James Taranto; Leonard Leo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidentiallead00tara">Presidential Leadership</a>. Wall Street Journal Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7226-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7226-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-7226-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Leadership&rft.pub=Wall+Street+Journal+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7226-1&rft.au=James+Taranto&rft.au=Leonard+Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidentiallead00tara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Kornacki, Steve (February 3, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html">The "Southern Strategy," fulfilled</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110413151441/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html">Archived</a> April 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Salon.com </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKneeland1980" class="citation news cs1">Kneeland, Douglas E. (August 4, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/04/archives/reagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html">"Reagan Campaigns at Mississippi Fair; Nominee Tells Crowd of 10,000 He Is Backing States' Rights"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. A11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709065418/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/04/archives/reagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reagan+Campaigns+at+Mississippi+Fair%3B+Nominee+Tells+Crowd+of+10%2C000+He+Is+Backing+States%27+Rights&rft.pages=A11&rft.date=1980-08-04&rft.aulast=Kneeland&rft.aufirst=Douglas+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F08%2F04%2Farchives%2Freagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpHZdreWz3E">'The Made-for-TV Election with Martin Sheen' clip 14</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> White House Diary, by Jimmy Carter, pp 461–462. </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs_news-98"><a href="#cite_ref-cbs_news_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridges2003" class="citation news cs1">Bridges, Andrew (March 17, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031003195921/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/17/tech/main544188.shtml">"Here We Go Again!"</a>. CBS News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/17/tech/main544188.shtml">the original</a> on October 3, 2003. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here+We+Go+Again%21&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2003%2F03%2F17%2Ftech%2Fmain544188.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1980-debates">"CPD: 1980 Debates"</a>. www.debates.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145500/https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1980-debates">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.debates.org&rft.atitle=CPD%3A+1980+Debates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.debates.org%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3D1980-debates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_on_Carter_in_Baltimore_478-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_on_Carter_in_Baltimore_478_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Shirley" title="Craig Shirley">Shirley, Craig</a> (2009). Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books. p. 478. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933859-55-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933859-55-2"><bdi>978-1-933859-55-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rendezvous+with+Destiny%3A+Ronald+Reagan+and+the+Campaign+That+Changed+America&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pages=478&rft.pub=ISI+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933859-55-2&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reagan_Anderson_Debate_479-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Reagan_Anderson_Debate_479_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Shirley" title="Craig Shirley">Shirley, Craig</a> (2009). Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933859-55-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933859-55-2"><bdi>978-1-933859-55-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rendezvous+with+Destiny%3A+Ronald+Reagan+and+the+Campaign+That+Changed+America&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=ISI+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933859-55-2&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/fred-barnes/">"Fred Barnes on Conversations with Bill Kristol"</a>. Conversationswithbillkristol.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020162346/http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/fred-barnes/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conversationswithbillkristol.org&rft.atitle=Fred+Barnes+on+Conversations+with+Bill+Kristol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconversationswithbillkristol.org%2Fvideo%2Ffred-barnes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbs_debate-103"><a href="#cite_ref-pbs_debate_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080922233925/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/80debates/cart1.html">"The Second 1980 Presidential Debate"</a>. PBS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/80debates/cart1.html">the original</a> on September 22, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Second+1980+Presidential+Debate&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fdebatingourdestiny%2F80debates%2Fcart1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate">"1980 Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter Presidential Debate"</a>. Ronald Reagan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722040804/https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved August 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ronald+Reagan&rft.atitle=1980+Ronald+Reagan+and+Jimmy+Carter+Presidential+Debate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reaganlibrary.gov%2Farchives%2Fspeech%2F1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaad2008" class="citation web cs1">Saad, Lydia (October 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx">"Late Upsets Are Rare, but Have Happened"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826040529/http://www.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Late+Upsets+Are+Rare%2C+but+Have+Happened&rft.date=2008-10-27&rft.aulast=Saad&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F111451%2Flate-upsets-rare-happened.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacNeil-Lehrer-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil-Lehrer_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacNeil-Lehrer_106-1">b</a> MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour (December 12, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/july-dec05/mccarthy_12-12.html">Online NewsHour: "Remembering Sen. Eugene McCarthy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218074245/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/july-dec05/mccarthy_12-12.html">Archived</a> February 18, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. December 12, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Lacombe2019" class="citation news cs1">Matthew Lacombe (April 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/26/how-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition/">"Trump is at the NRA today. It didn't used to be a Republican ally"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426125637/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/26/how-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+is+at+the+NRA+today.+It+didn%27t+used+to+be+a+Republican+ally.&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft.au=Matthew+Lacombe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F26%2Fhow-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Facts on File 1980 Yearbook, p.844 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeissner1980" class="citation news cs1">Meissner, Steve (July 19, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/163783305/?terms=%22Stewart%20Udall%22%20John%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">"Stewart Udall calls Carter weak, endorses Anderson"</a>. Arizona Daily Star. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615223513/https://www.newspapers.com/image/163783305/?terms=%22Stewart%20Udall%22%20John%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Stewart+Udall+calls+Carter+weak%2C+endorses+Anderson&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1980-07-19&rft.aulast=Meissner&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F163783305%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522Stewart%2520Udall%2522%2520John%2520Anderson%2520endorse%2520endorses%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/544925654/?terms=%22John%20J.%20Buckley%22%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">"Some Bay State GOP uneasy over G. Bush"</a>. North Adams Transcript. July 18, 1980. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154221/https://www.newspapers.com/image/544925654/?terms=%22John%20J.%20Buckley%22%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Adams+Transcript&rft.atitle=Some+Bay+State+GOP+uneasy+over+G.+Bush&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1980-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F544925654%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522John%2520J.%2520Buckley%2522%2520John%2520B.%2520Anderson%2520endorse%2520endorses%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1980" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Benjamin (June 12, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/428232105/?terms=Francis%20W.%20Hatch%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">"Hatch breaks ranks, backs Anderson"</a>. The Boston Globe. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.newspapers.com/image/428232105/?terms=Francis%20W.%20Hatch%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Hatch+breaks+ranks%2C+backs+Anderson&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1980-06-12&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F428232105%2F%3Fterms%3DFrancis%2520W.%2520Hatch%2520John%2520B.%2520Anderson%2520endorse%2520endorses%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/obituaries/josiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html">"Josiah Spaulding Dies at 60; Massachusetts G.O.P. Leader"</a>. The New York Times. March 27, 1983. p. 40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/obituaries/josiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Josiah+Spaulding+Dies+at+60%3B+Massachusetts+G.O.P.+Leader&rft.pages=40&rft.date=1983-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F03%2F27%2Fobituaries%2Fjosiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-post-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-post_113-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/03/09/politics-and-hollywood/586384d1-c5ef-45d5-a794-6005cd2705bd/">"Politics and Hollywood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. March 8, 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Politics+and+Hollywood&rft.date=1980-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1980%2F03%2F09%2Fpolitics-and-hollywood%2F586384d1-c5ef-45d5-a794-6005cd2705bd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/10/Independent-presidential-candidate-John-Anderson-will-receive-editorial-endorsement/4782339998400/">"Independent presidential candidate John Anderson will receive editorial endorsement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. October 10, 1980. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Independent+presidential+candidate+John+Anderson+will+receive+editorial+endorsement&rft.date=1980-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1980%2F10%2F10%2FIndependent-presidential-candidate-John-Anderson-will-receive-editorial-endorsement%2F4782339998400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com/image/200067471/?terms=john%20b.%20anderson%20editorial%20board&match=1">"Anderson Offers Intelligent Solutions to Problems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press" title="The Burlington Free Press">The Burlington Free Press</a>. October 26, 1980. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817191531/https://burlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com/image/200067471/?terms=john%20b.%20anderson%20editorial%20board&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Anderson+Offers+Intelligent+Solutions+to+Problems&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1980-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fburlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F200067471%2F%3Fterms%3Djohn%2520b.%2520anderson%2520editorial%2520board%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/picture-gallery/news/politics/2015/06/03/25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012/28434019/">"25 photos: Register presidential endorsements (1912-2012)"</a>. The Des Moines Register. October 3, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111233/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/picture-gallery/news/politics/2015/06/03/25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012/28434019/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=25+photos%3A+Register+presidential+endorsements+%281912-2012%29&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.desmoinesregister.com%2Fpicture-gallery%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F06%2F03%2F25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012%2F28434019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054904/1980-11-04/ed-1/seq-2/">"Election '80 Endorsements"</a>. The Daily Collegian. November 4, 1980. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816170801/https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054904/1980-11-04/ed-1/seq-2/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Collegian&rft.atitle=Election+%2780+Endorsements&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1980-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpanewsarchive.psu.edu%2Flccn%2Fsn85054904%2F1980-11-04%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGemma2016" class="citation web cs1">Gemma, Peter B. (August 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/08/an-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate/">"An Interview with Darcy Richardson, Reform Party Presidential Candidate"</a>. Independent Political Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625061421/http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/08/an-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate/">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Political+Report&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Darcy+Richardson%2C+Reform+Party+Presidential+Candidate.&rft.date=2016-08-05&rft.aulast=Gemma&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findependentpoliticalreport.com%2F2016%2F08%2Fan-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/12/us/socialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html">"Socialist Vows to Be Capitol Outsider"</a>. The New York Times. November 12, 1990. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615202836/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/12/us/socialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Socialist+Vows+to+Be+Capitol+Outsider&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1990-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F11%2F12%2Fus%2Fsocialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeConciniAugust2006" class="citation book cs1">DeConcini, Dennis; August, Jack L. Jr. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPAAc-ossjAC&q=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini">Senator Dennis DeConcini: From the Center of the Aisle</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona_Press" title="University of Arizona Press">University of Arizona Press</a>. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816525690" title="Special:BookSources/9780816525690"><bdi>9780816525690</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230821002234/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPAAc-ossjAC&q=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023. <q>I viewed his leadership and administration with no small amount of frustration and concern, and in 1980 I crossed party lines and voted for Ronald Reagan for president.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini%3A+From+the+Center+of+the+Aisle&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780816525690&rft.aulast=DeConcini&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=August%2C+Jack+L.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPAAc-ossjAC%26q%3DSenator%2BDennis%2BDeConcini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel1980" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Glenn (October 15, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/15/sen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan/6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c/">"Sen. Harry Byrd Endorses Reagan"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828154009/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/15/sen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan/6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c/">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Sen.+Harry+Byrd+Endorses+Reagan&rft.date=1980-10-15&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1980%2F10%2F15%2Fsen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan%2F6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/24/why-carter-is-wooing-javits/65ddb1ee-9589-4639-8e9c-bacd5fca1973/">"Why Carter Is Wooing Javits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. September 24, 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+Carter+Is+Wooing+Javits&rft.date=1980-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1980%2F09%2F24%2Fwhy-carter-is-wooing-javits%2F65ddb1ee-9589-4639-8e9c-bacd5fca1973%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/15/mac-mathias-agonistes/91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec/">"Mac Mathias Agonistes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. September 14, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828155646/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/15/mac-mathias-agonistes/91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec/">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Mac+Mathias+Agonistes&rft.date=1980-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1980%2F09%2F15%2Fmac-mathias-agonistes%2F91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/26/archives/reagan-preparing-for-debate.html">"Reagan Preparing for Debate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 26, 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reagan+Preparing+for+Debate&rft.date=1980-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F10%2F26%2Farchives%2Freagan-preparing-for-debate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/26/mccloskey-buries-the-hatchet-by-endorsing-reagan/65911bc2-4c8a-41d0-aa87-628ff78f72c0/">"McCloskey Buries the Hatchet by Endorsing Reagan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. September 26, 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=McCloskey+Buries+the+Hatchet+by+Endorsing+Reagan&rft.date=1980-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1980%2F09%2F26%2Fmccloskey-buries-the-hatchet-by-endorsing-reagan%2F65911bc2-4c8a-41d0-aa87-628ff78f72c0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en">"FDR son gives Reagan backing"</a>. Lodi News-Sentinel. UPI. October 27, 1980. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616161104/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lodi+News-Sentinel&rft.atitle=FDR+son+gives+Reagan+backing&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1980-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DKBczAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DWjIHAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4659%2C7154351%26dq%3Djames-roosevelt%2Bronald-reagan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel1980" class="citation news cs1">Daniel, Leon (October 24, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2mcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6797,4141131&dq=lester+maddox+endorsement&hl=en">"Nobody Listens To Maddox Anymore, Who Relishes Chance To Rap Carter"</a>. Sarasota Herald-Tribune. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615194211/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2mcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6797,4141131&dq=lester+maddox+endorsement&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sarasota+Herald-Tribune&rft.atitle=Nobody+Listens+To+Maddox+Anymore%2C+Who+Relishes+Chance+To+Rap+Carter&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1980-10-24&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DlJwcAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D2mcEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6797%2C4141131%26dq%3Dlester%2Bmaddox%2Bendorsement%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/794766735/?terms=John%20Patterson%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1">"GOP leaders, Demo ex-governor back Selden"</a>. Birmingham Post-Herald. August 29, 1980. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615194700/https://www.newspapers.com/image/794766735/?terms=John%20Patterson%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birmingham+Post-Herald&rft.atitle=GOP+leaders%2C+Demo+ex-governor+back+Selden&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1980-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F794766735%2F%3Fterms%3DJohn%2520Patterson%2520endorse%2520endorses%2520Ronald%2520Reagan%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/763277616/?terms=%22Preston%20Smith%22%20%22Ronald%20Reagan%22%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">"Last Minute Blitz"</a>. Abilene Reporter-News. October 28, 1980. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.newspapers.com/image/763277616/?terms=%22Preston%20Smith%22%20%22Ronald%20Reagan%22%20endorse%20endorses&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abilene+Reporter-News&rft.atitle=Last+Minute+Blitz&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1980-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F763277616%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522Preston%2520Smith%2522%2520%2522Ronald%2520Reagan%2522%2520endorse%2520endorses%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/743423334/?terms=%22John%20Bell%20Williams%22%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1">"Republicans turnout to hear Reagan"</a>. Sun Herald. November 3, 1980. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615195445/https://www.newspapers.com/image/743423334/?terms=%22John%20Bell%20Williams%22%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun+Herald&rft.atitle=Republicans+turnout+to+hear+Reagan&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1980-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F743423334%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522John%2520Bell%2520Williams%2522%2520endorse%2520endorses%2520Ronald%2520Reagan%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2000" class="citation web cs1">Norman, Bob (October 26, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015339/http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/politically-incorrect-6324763">"Politically Incorrect"</a>. New Times Broward-Palm Beach. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/politically-incorrect-6324763">the original</a> on January 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Times+Broward-Palm+Beach&rft.atitle=Politically+Incorrect&rft.date=2000-10-26&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.browardpalmbeach.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitically-incorrect-6324763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/05/archives/bloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html">"Bloom Agrees to Head Democrats for Reagan"</a>. The New York Times. August 5, 1980. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615224715/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/05/archives/bloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bloom+Agrees+to+Head+Democrats+for+Reagan&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1980-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F08%2F05%2Farchives%2Fbloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Davis, Seth (August 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827193402/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/seth_davis/08/24/john.wooden/index.html">"Checking in on John Wooden"</a>. Sports Illustrated. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/seth_davis/08/24/john.wooden/index.html">the original</a> on August 27, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Checking+in+on+John+Wooden&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2F2009%2Fwriters%2Fseth_davis%2F08%2F24%2Fjohn.wooden%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoodman1980" class="citation news cs1">Boodman, Sandra G. (October 13, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/10/13/zumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan/942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76/">"Zumwalt Dismays Va. Democrats With Z-Grams for Reagan"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828155428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/10/13/zumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan/942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76/">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Zumwalt+Dismays+Va.+Democrats+With+Z-Grams+for+Reagan&rft.date=1980-10-13&rft.aulast=Boodman&rft.aufirst=Sandra+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1980%2F10%2F13%2Fzumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan%2F942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/26/presidential-endorsement-preview/90904896/">"Coming Tuesday: Who will The Arizona Republic endorse?"</a>. The Arizona Republic. September 27, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817015459/https://eu.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/26/presidential-endorsement-preview/90904896/">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=Coming+Tuesday%3A+Who+will+The+Arizona+Republic+endorse%3F&rft.date=2016-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.azcentral.com%2Fstory%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2F2016%2F09%2F26%2Fpresidential-endorsement-preview%2F90904896%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.desertsun.com/picture-gallery/news/2016/09/29/through-the-years-desert-sun-presidential-endorsements/91300646/">"Through the years: Desert Sun presidential endorsements"</a>. Desert Sun. September 30, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Desert+Sun&rft.atitle=Through+the+years%3A+Desert+Sun+presidential+endorsements&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.desertsun.com%2Fpicture-gallery%2Fnews%2F2016%2F09%2F29%2Fthrough-the-years-desert-sun-presidential-endorsements%2F91300646%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld-Herald_editorial2019" class="citation news cs1">World-Herald editorial (October 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omaha.com/opinion/editorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president/article_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html">"Editorial: Hillary Clinton is prudent pick for president"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Omaha_World-Herald" title="Omaha World-Herald">Omaha World-Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429035513/https://omaha.com/opinion/editorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president/article_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Omaha+World-Herald&rft.atitle=Editorial%3A+Hillary+Clinton+is+prudent+pick+for+president&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.au=World-Herald+editorial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomaha.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president%2Farticle_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/a-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements/article_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html">"A history of Times presidential endorsements"</a>. Quad-City Times. October 25, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615201141/https://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/a-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements/article_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quad-City+Times&rft.atitle=A+history+of+Times+presidential+endorsements&rft.date=2008-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqctimes.com%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2Fa-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements%2Farticle_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recordnet.com/opinion/20161008/record-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country">"Record Endorsements, President: Clinton best for country"</a>. Recordnet. October 8, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730192617/https://www.recordnet.com/opinion/20161008/record-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recordnet&rft.atitle=Record+Endorsements%2C+President%3A+Clinton+best+for+country&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recordnet.com%2Fopinion%2F20161008%2Frecord-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2016" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Gary (October 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.cantonrep.com/story/news/politics/elections/presidential/2016/10/11/repository-presidential-endorsements-through-history/24839102007/">"Repository presidential endorsements through history"</a>. The Repository. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Repository&rft.atitle=Repository+presidential+endorsements+through+history&rft.date=2016-10-11&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.cantonrep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2Fpresidential%2F2016%2F10%2F11%2Frepository-presidential-endorsements-through-history%2F24839102007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2012/10/plain_dealer_presidential_endo.html">"Plain Dealer presidential endorsements: Every pick we made since 1936"</a>. Plain Dealer. October 20, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525083938/https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2012/10/plain_dealer_presidential_endo.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plain+Dealer&rft.atitle=Plain+Dealer+presidential+endorsements%3A+Every+pick+we+made+since+1936&rft.date=2012-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fopinion%2F2012%2F10%2Fplain_dealer_presidential_endo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/11/03/Ronald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements/6748342075600/">"Ronald Reagan got most of the new newspaper endorsements,..."</a> UPI. November 3, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012102135/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/11/03/Ronald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements/6748342075600/">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Ronald+Reagan+got+most+of+the+new+newspaper+endorsements%2C...&rft.date=1980-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1980%2F11%2F03%2FRonald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements%2F6748342075600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunhamPM2008" class="citation web cs1">Dunham, Richard; PM (October 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/10/a-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d/">"A half-century of Chronicle endorsements: 11 R, 2 D"</a>. Texas on the Potomac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608114603/https://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/10/a-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+on+the+Potomac&rft.atitle=A+half-century+of+Chronicle+endorsements%3A+11+R%2C+2+D&rft.date=2008-10-19&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.chron.com%2Ftxpotomac%2F2008%2F10%2Fa-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richmond.com/opinion/our-opinion/article_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html">"A brief history of Richmond Times-Dispatch presidential endorsements"</a>. Richmond Times-Dispatch. September 1, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527080225/https://richmond.com/opinion/our-opinion/article_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Times-Dispatch&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+Richmond+Times-Dispatch+presidential+endorsements&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmond.com%2Fopinion%2Four-opinion%2Farticle_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=feST4K8J0scC&dat=19801104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Voters the choice is yours"</a>. St. Petersburg Times. November 4, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920171304/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=feST4K8J0scC&dat=19801104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Voters+the+choice+is+yours&rft.date=1980-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DfeST4K8J0scC%26dat%3D19801104%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19801105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Reagan in a landslide"</a>. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 5, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920151642/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19801105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Reagan+in+a+landslide&rft.date=1980-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DgL9scSG3K_gC%26dat%3D19801105%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Facts on File Yearbook 1980 p. 865 </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Facts on File Yearbook 1980 p. 838 </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarris2012" class="citation book cs1">Farris, Scott (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/almostpresidentm0000farr">Almost president : the men who lost the race but changed the nation</a>. Internet Archive. Guilford, CN: Lyons Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-6378-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-6378-8"><bdi>978-0-7627-6378-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almost+president+%3A+the+men+who+lost+the+race+but+changed+the+nation&rft.place=Guilford%2C+CN&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-6378-8&rft.aulast=Farris&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falmostpresidentm0000farr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2007" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, John B. (September 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0928/p09s02-coop.html">"Let the most popular candidate win"</a>. Christian Science Monitor. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902053638/https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0928/p09s02-coop.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Let+the+most+popular+candidate+win&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0928%2Fp09s02-coop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-151"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornacki2011" class="citation web cs1">Kornacki, Steve (April 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/">"The myths that just won't die"</a>. Salon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801123934/http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=The+myths+that+just+won%27t+die&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft.aulast=Kornacki&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2011%2F04%2F04%2Fthird_party_myth_easterbrook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelistwire.usatoday.com/lists/the-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history/">"The 10 biggest landslides in presidential election history"</a>. List Wire. September 30, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120165619/https://thelistwire.usatoday.com/lists/the-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=List+Wire&rft.atitle=The+10+biggest+landslides+in+presidential+election+history&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelistwire.usatoday.com%2Flists%2Fthe-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Sullivan, Robert David; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century">'How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116163625/http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century">Archived</a> November 16, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrauer1986" class="citation book cs1">Brauer, Carl M. (1986). Presidential Transitions: Eisenhower Through Reagan. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195040511" title="Special:BookSources/0195040511"><bdi>0195040511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Transitions%3A+Eisenhower+Through+Reagan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0195040511&rft.aulast=Brauer&rft.aufirst=Carl+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter" class="citation web cs1">Peter, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/">"Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107182039/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden+will+become+the+oldest+president+in+American+history%2C+a+title+previously+held+by+Ronald+Reagan&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F11%2F05%2Foldest-president-joe-biden%2F6181672002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html">"Biden Is the Oldest President to Take the Oath (Published 2021)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. January 18, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden+Is+the+Oldest+President+to+Take+the+Oath+%28Published+2021%29&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjoe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1980&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1980 Presidential General Election Data - National"</a>. Uselectionatlas.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029153844/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1980&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uselectionatlas.org&rft.atitle=1980+Presidential+General+Election+Data+-+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fdata.php%3Fyear%3D1980%26datatype%3Dnational%26def%3D1%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaineDistrict-158"><a href="#cite_ref-MaineDistrict_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaroneUjifusa1981" class="citation book cs1">Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (1981). The Almanac of American Politics, 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almanac+of+American+Politics%2C+1982&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Ujifusa%2C+Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1980">"How Groups Voted in 1980"</a>. ropercenter.cornell.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625160507/https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1980">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ropercenter.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=How+Groups+Voted+in+1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fropercenter.cornell.edu%2Fhow-groups-voted-1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Books" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusch2005" class="citation book cs1">Busch, Andrew E. (2005). Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1407-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1407-9"><bdi>0-7006-1407-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reagan%27s+Victory%3A+The+Presidential+Election+of+1980+and+the+Rise+of+the+Right&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7006-1407-9&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070409014740/http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp">online review by Michael Barone</a></li> <li>Davies, Gareth, and <a href="/wiki/Julian_E._Zelizer" title="Julian E. Zelizer">Julian E. Zelizer</a>, eds. America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History (2015) pp. 196–218.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2005" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightiesamericai00ehrm">The Eighties: American in the Age of Reagan</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10662-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10662-9"><bdi>0-300-10662-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eighties%3A+American+in+the+Age+of+Reagan&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-300-10662-9&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feightiesamericai00ehrm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusonRogers1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_(academic)" title="Thomas Ferguson (academic)">Ferguson, Thomas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joel_Rogers" title="Joel Rogers">Rogers, Joel</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rightturndecline00ferg_0">Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics</a>. New York: Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8090-8191-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8090-8191-1"><bdi>0-8090-8191-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right+Turn%3A+The+Decline+of+the+Democrats+and+the+Future+of+American+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8090-8191-1&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frightturndecline00ferg_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGermondWitcover1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Germond" title="Jack Germond">Germond, Jack W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jules_Witcover" title="Jules Witcover">Witcover, Jules</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bluesmokemirrors00germ">Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980</a>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-51383-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-51383-0"><bdi>0-670-51383-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Smoke+%26+Mirrors%3A+How+Reagan+Won+%26+Why+Carter+Lost+the+Election+of+1980&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-670-51383-0&rft.aulast=Germond&rft.aufirst=Jack+W.&rft.au=Witcover%2C+Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbluesmokemirrors00germ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hogue, Andrew P. Stumping God: Reagan, Carter, and the Invention of a Political Faith (Baylor University Press; 2012) 343 pages; A study of religious rhetoric in the campaign</li> <li>Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton (2017) pp 250–270. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/50578/">online</a></li> <li>Mason, Jim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980">No Holding Back: The 1980 John B. Anderson Presidential Campaign</a>. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761852263" title="Special:BookSources/0761852263">0761852263</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomperBakerFrankovicJacob1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Pomper" title="Gerald M. Pomper">Pomper, Gerald M.</a>; Baker, Ross K.; Frankovic, Kathleen A.; Jacob, Charles E.; McWilliams, Wilson Carey; Plotkin, Henry A. (1981). Pomper, Marlene M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electionof1980re0000unse">The Election of 1980: Reports and Interpretations</a>. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934540-10-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-934540-10-1"><bdi>0-934540-10-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Election+of+1980%3A+Reports+and+Interpretations&rft.place=Chatham%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Chatham+House&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-934540-10-1&rft.aulast=Pomper&rft.aufirst=Gerald+M.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Ross+K.&rft.au=Frankovic%2C+Kathleen+A.&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Charles+E.&rft.au=McWilliams%2C+Wilson+Carey&rft.au=Plotkin%2C+Henry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felectionof1980re0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Shirley" title="Craig Shirley">Shirley, Craig</a> (2009). Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America. Wilmington, Del.: Intercollegiate Studies Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933859-55-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933859-55-2"><bdi>978-1-933859-55-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rendezvous+with+Destiny%3A+Ronald+Reagan+and+the+Campaign+That+Changed+America&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Del.&rft.pub=Intercollegiate+Studies+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933859-55-2&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980">online review by Lou Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Stanley" title="Tim Stanley">Stanley, Timothy</a>. Kennedy vs. Carter: The 1980 Battle for the Democratic Party's Soul (University Press of Kansas, 2010) 298 pages. A revisionist history of the 1970s and their political aftermath that argues that Ted Kennedy's 1980 campaign was more popular than has been acknowledged; describes his defeat by Jimmy Carter in terms of a "historical accident" rather than perceived radicalism.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroy2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Troy" title="Gil Troy">Troy, Gil</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/morninginamerica00troy">Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s</a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-12166-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-12166-4"><bdi>0-691-12166-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morning+in+America%3A+How+Ronald+Reagan+Invented+the+1980s&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-691-12166-4&rft.aulast=Troy&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmorninginamerica00troy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2019" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Jon (2019). Camelot's End: Kennedy vs. Carter and the Fight that Broke the Democratic Party. New York; Boston: Twelve. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781455591381" title="Special:BookSources/9781455591381"><bdi>9781455591381</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1085989134">1085989134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camelot%27s+End%3A+Kennedy+vs.+Carter+and+the+Fight+that+Broke+the+Democratic+Party&rft.place=New+York%3B+Boston&rft.pub=Twelve&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1085989134&rft.isbn=9781455591381&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1984" class="citation book cs1">West, Darrell M. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingcampaignsc00west">Making Campaigns Count: Leadership and Coalition-Building in 1980</a>. Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-24235-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-24235-6"><bdi>0-313-24235-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Campaigns+Count%3A+Leadership+and+Coalition-Building+in+1980&rft.place=Westport%2C+Ct.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-313-24235-6&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Darrell+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingcampaignsc00west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Journal articles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimmelsteinJ._A._McRae_Jr.1984" class="citation journal cs1">Himmelstein, Jerome; J. A. McRae Jr. (1984). "Social Conservatism, New Republicans and the 1980 Election". Public Opinion Quarterly. 48 (3): 595–605. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F268860">10.1086/268860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Social+Conservatism%2C+New+Republicans+and+the+1980+Election&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=595-605&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F268860&rft.aulast=Himmelstein&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.au=J.+A.+McRae+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipsetRaab1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Lipset, Seymour M.</a>; Raab, Earl (1981). "Evangelicals and the Elections". Commentary. 71: 25–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commentary&rft.atitle=Evangelicals+and+the+Elections&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=25-31&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Lipset&rft.aufirst=Seymour+M.&rft.au=Raab%2C+Earl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerWattenberg1984" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Arthur H.; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Wattenberg_(political_scientist)" title="Martin Wattenberg (political scientist)">Wattenberg, Martin P.</a> (1984). "Politics from the Pulpit: Religiosity and the 1980 Elections". Public Opinion Quarterly. 48: 300–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpoq%2F48.1b.301">10.1093/poq/48.1b.301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144534190">144534190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Politics+from+the+Pulpit%3A+Religiosity+and+the+1980+Elections&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=300-12&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpoq%2F48.1b.301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144534190%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Arthur+H.&rft.au=Wattenberg%2C+Martin+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspaper_articles">Newspaper articles</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Newspaper articles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnickerbocker1981" class="citation news cs1">Knickerbocker, Brad (October 21, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1021/102132.html">"Did TV change Election '80?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. Retrieved November 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Did+TV+change+Election+%2780%3F&rft.date=1981-10-21&rft.aulast=Knickerbocker&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1981%2F1021%2F102132.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1980+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980">The Election Wall's 1980 Election Video Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1980.htm">1980 popular vote by counties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516080353/http://presidentelect.org/e1980.html">1980 popular vote by states</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980">1980 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980">Campaign commercials from the 1980 election</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980">How close was the 1980 election?</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived August 25, 2012)—Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology</li> <li>(in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101026115349/http://cccp.tv/video/Mezhdunarodnaja_panorama_u_finis/">Portrayal of 1980 presidential elections in the U.S. by the Soviet television</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countingthevotes.com/1980/">Election of 1980 in Counting the Votes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311083117/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1980">Archived</a> March 11, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1259347784">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1259347784</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 24 November 2024, at 18:05 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_1980" title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1980 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1980" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9_(1980)" title="Президентски избори в САЩ (1980) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президентски избори в САЩ (1980)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volby_prezidenta_USA_1980" title="Volby prezidenta USA 1980 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volby prezidenta USA 1980" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_1980" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1980 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1980" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_1980" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1980 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1980" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_1980" title="Προεδρική εκλογή των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών 1980 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προεδρική εκλογή των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών 1980" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_1980" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1980 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1980" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B0)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۹۸۰) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۹۸۰)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1980" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1980 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1980" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1980년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1980년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsetakosningar_%C3%AD_Bandar%C3%ADkjunum_1980" title="Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1980 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 1980" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1980" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1980 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1980" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_1980" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1980 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1980" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchaguzi_wa_Rais_wa_Marekani,_1980" title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1980 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1980" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980._gada_ASV_prezidenta_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas" title="1980. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1980. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_met%C5%B3_JAV_prezidento_rinkimai" title="1980 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1980 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980-as_amerikai_eln%C3%B6kv%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s" title="1980-as amerikai elnökválasztás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1980-as amerikai elnökválasztás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_1980" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1980 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1980" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1980年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1980年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_1980" title="Presidentvalget i USA 1980 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 1980" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_1980_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1980 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1980 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_1980" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1980 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1980" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1980)" title="Президентские выборы в США (1980) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (1980)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1980 United States presidential election" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A8%D9%A0)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٩٨٠) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٩٨٠)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_1980." title="Председнички избори у САД 1980. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председнички избори у САД 1980." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_presidentinvaalit_1980" title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1980 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1980" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_1980" title="Presidentvalet i USA 1980 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidentvalet i USA 1980" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2523" title="การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ พ.ศ. 2523 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ พ.ศ. 2523" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1k_se%C3%A7imleri" title="1980 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1980 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_1980" title="Президентські вибори у США 1980 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президентські вибори у США 1980" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_c%E1%BB%AD_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_1980" title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1980 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1980" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="1980年美国总统选举 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1980年美国总统选举" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 18:05 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980_United_States_presidential_election&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-b4csx","wgBackendResponseTime":313,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.132","walltime":"2.499","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19859,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":738365,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":39816,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":744759,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1850.438 1 -total"," 34.92% 646.142 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.91% 312.889 85 Template:Cite_news"," 12.31% 227.755 1 Template:Infobox_election"," 11.21% 207.408 39 Template:Cite_web"," 8.77% 162.206 10 Template:Navbox"," 6.50% 120.359 3 Template:Sidebar_person/US_President"," 5.64% 104.437 1 Template:Ronald_Reagan_series"," 5.23% 96.710 23 Template:Cite_book"," 4.97% 91.945 1 Template:In_lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.115","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":29344129,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","320","27.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","20.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","10.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","5.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityId","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","3.4"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","20","1.7"],["[others]","200","16.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-mjvxc","timestamp":"20241130111854","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1980 United States presidential election","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1980_United_States_presidential_election","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q699716","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q699716","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:51:15Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T18:05:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5c\/ElectoralCollege1980.svg","headline":"49th quadrennial U.S. presidential election"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>