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class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oppervlak&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Wysig</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <dl> <dd> <i>Hierdie artikel behandel die topologiese begrip. Sien gerus <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oppervlakte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> vir die meetkundige begrip.</i> </dd> </dl> <p>In <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiskunde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiskunde">wiskunde</a>, en veral <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Topologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Topologie">topologie</a>, is 'n <b>oppervlak</b> 'n tweedimensionele variëteit. Die bekendste voorbeelde is dié wat begrensinge van soliede voorwerpe in gewone driedimensionele Euklidiese ruimte is. So is die sfeer die begrensing van 'n soliede bal. Daar is ook meer eksotiese oppervlakke, wat so "verwring" is dat hulle glad nie in driedimensionele ruimtes veranker kan word nie.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Saddle_pt.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Saddle_pt.jpg/225px-Saddle_pt.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Saddle_pt.jpg/338px-Saddle_pt.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Saddle_pt.jpg/450px-Saddle_pt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"></a> <figcaption> 'n Oop oppervlak waarop <i>X</i>-, <i>Y</i>-, en <i>Z</i>-kontoere aangedui is. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg/225px-M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/M%25C3%25B6bius_strip.jpg/338px-M%25C3%25B6bius_strip.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/M%25C3%25B6bius_strip.jpg/450px-M%25C3%25B6bius_strip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="824"></a> <figcaption> 'n Möbiusband met 'n gladde nie-oriënteerbare oppervlak. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Om na 'n oppervlak as "tweedimensioneel" te verwys beteken dat daar by elke punt 'n gekoördineerde deel is waarop 'n tweedimensionele koördinaatstelsel gedefinieer kan word. Byvoorbeeld: die oppervlak van die aarde is (ideaal gesproke) 'n tweedimensionele sfeer en breedte- en lengteliggings verskaf koördinate op hierdie oppervlak. Dit geld nie by die Internasionale Datumlyn en die pole nie, hiér is daar geen gedefinieerde lengteligging nie. Hierdie voorbeeld wys dat dit nie moontlik is om enige gekoördineerde deel te verleng om op die hele oppervlak van toepassing te wees nie: net soos variëteite van ander dimensies, word 'n oppervlak gewoonlik saamgestel deur verskeie koördinaatstelsels aaneen te voeg.</p> <p>Oppervlakke word gebruik in <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fisika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fisika">fisika</a>, <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ingenieurswese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ingenieurswese">ingenieurswese</a>, <a href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rekenaargrafika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rekenaargrafika">rekenaargrafika</a> en baie ander vakgebiede, hoofsaaklik waar hulle die oppervlakke van fisiese voorwerpe voorstel. Wanneer die lugdinamiese eienskappe van 'n vliegtuig byvoorbeed ontleed word, is die belangrikste oorweging die vloei van lug oor die vliegtuig se oppervlak.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://af-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oppervlak&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>wysig</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%25C3%25A4che_(Topologie)" title="Fläche (Topologie) – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fläche (Topologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%25D8%25AD" title="سطح – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سطح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C9%2599th" title="Səth – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səth" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="Паверхня – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паверхня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%258A%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582" title="Повърхност – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Повърхност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25B2_(%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF)" title="তল (টপোলজি) – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তল (টপোলজি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povr%25C5%25A1" title="Površ – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Površ" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superf%25C3%25ADcie_(matem%25C3%25A0tiques)" title="Superfície (matemàtiques) – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Superfície (matemàtiques)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2595%25D9%2588%25D9%2588" title="ڕوو – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plocha" title="Plocha – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plocha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Çий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_(topology)" title="Surface (topology) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Surface (topology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfaco" title="Surfaco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Surfaco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie_(topolog%25C3%25ADa)" title="Superficie (topología) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Superficie (topología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pind" title="Pind – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pind" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainazal" title="Gainazal – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gainazal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2587_(%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%25BE%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25DA%2598%25DB%258C)" title="رویه (توپولوژی) – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رویه (توپولوژی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinta_(geometria)" title="Pinta (geometria) – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pinta (geometria)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_(g%25C3%25A9om%25C3%25A9trie)" title="Surface (géométrie) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Surface (géométrie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromchla_(toipeola%25C3%25ADocht)" title="Dromchla (toipeolaíocht) – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dromchla (toipeolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A9%25D7%2598%25D7%2597_(%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A4%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%2599%25D7%2594)" title="משטח (טופולוגיה) – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משטח (טופולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F" title="पृष्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पृष्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploha_(geometrija)" title="Ploha (geometrija) – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ploha (geometrija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsz%25C3%25ADn" title="Felszín – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Felszín" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D6%2587%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A9" title="Մակերևույթ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակերևույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permukaan_(topologi)" title="Permukaan (topologi) – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permukaan (topologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B5" title="ТӀехе – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ТӀехе" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfaco" title="Surfaco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Surfaco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yfirbor%25C3%25B0" title="Yfirborð – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Yfirborð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259B%25B2%25E9%259D%25A2" title="曲面 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="曲面" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582_(%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Бет (геометрия) – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бет (геометрия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B3%25A1%25EB%25A9%25B4" title="곡면 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="곡면" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582_(%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Бет (Геометрия) – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бет (Геометрия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfi%25C3%25A7ie_(matematica)" title="Superfiçie (matematica) – Liguries" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Superfiçie (matematica)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavir%25C5%25A1ius" title="Paviršius – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paviršius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virsma" title="Virsma – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Virsma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="आड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppervlak_(topologie)" title="Oppervlak (topologie) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oppervlak (topologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flate" title="Flate – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flate" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flate" title="Flate – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flate" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superf%25C3%25ADcia_(matematicas)" title="Superfícia (matematicas) – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Superfícia (matematicas)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powierzchnia" title="Powierzchnia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powierzchnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfassa" title="Surfassa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Surfassa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superf%25C3%25ADcie" title="Superfície – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Superfície" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprafa%25C8%259B%25C4%2583" title="Suprafață – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suprafață" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2586" title="Поверхносц – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Поверхносц" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258C" title="Поверхность – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поверхность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povr%25C5%25A1" title="Površ – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Površ" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface" title="Surface – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Surface" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povrch" title="Povrch – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Povrch" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploskev" title="Ploskev – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ploskev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiso_(Chiumbwa)" title="Chiso (Chiumbwa) – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiso (Chiumbwa)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oogo_(dhul)" title="Oogo (dhul) – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Oogo (dhul)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D1%2588" title="Површ – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Површ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yta" title="Yta – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2589%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%2582" title="ఉపరితలం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉపరితలం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25BCzey" title="Yüzey – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yüzey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2585%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="Поверхня – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поверхня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%25D8%25AD" title="سطح – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سطح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirt" title="Sirt – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sirt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficie" title="Superficie – Venesiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Superficie" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25E1%25BA%25B7t_(t%25C3%25B4_p%25C3%25B4)" title="Mặt (tô pô) – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mặt (tô pô)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259B%25B2%25E9%259D%25A2" title="曲面 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="曲面" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259B%25B2%25E9%259D%25A2" title="曲面 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曲面" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259B%25B2%25E9%259D%25A2" title="曲面 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="曲面" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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