ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head>    <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M6NQD8');</script>  <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="The ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA (Alcoa) was founded in 1888 as the Pittsburgh Reduction Co., and since 1900 has had a branch in Cleveland, locating th..." /> <meta name="abstract" content="The ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA (Alcoa) was founded in 1888 as the Pittsburgh Reduction Co., and since 1900 has had a branch in Cleveland, locating th..." /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://case.edu/ech/node/1426" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/aluminum-company-america" /> <meta name="rights" content="Copyright 漏 2024 Case Western Reserve University. All rights reserved." /> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/aluminum-company-america" /> <meta property="og:title" content="ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA (Alcoa) was founded in 1888 as the Pittsburgh Reduction Co., and since 1900 has had a branch in Cleveland, locating th..." /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2019-05-31T00:46:55-04:00" /> <meta property="og:locality" content="Cleveland" /> <meta property="og:region" content="Ohio" /> <meta property="og:postal_code" content="44106" /> <meta property="og:country_name" content="United States" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-05-31T00:46:55-04:00" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/node/css/node.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/contrib/cms_content_sync/css/entity-form.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/core.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/controlgroup.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/checkboxradio.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/resizable.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/button.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/dialog.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/progress.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/sticky-header.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/system/css/components/tree-child.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/views/css/views.module.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/modules/filter/css/filter.caption.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/contrib/entity_embed/css/entity_embed.filter.caption.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/core.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/theme.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/custom/custom_gin_override/css/gin-custom.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/theme.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/draggable.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/resizable.css?sne0ks" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/ech/themes/custom/crew/css/style.css?sne0ks" /> <script type="text/javascript"> if (/MSIE \d|Trident.*rv:/.test(navigator.userAgent)) {document.write('<script src="https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru-drupal-assets/scripts/ieshim.js"><\/script>')}; </script> </head> <body>  <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M6NQD8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" role="navigation" aria-label="Jump to content"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <div id="cwruravealert"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> function raveCallback(data) { if (data !== undefined) { if (window['console']) { console.log(data); } var div = document.getElementById('cwruravealert'); div.style.backgroundColor = data.bgcolor; div.style.color = data.fgcolor; div.style.width = '100%'; div.style.fontWeight = '500'; div.style.fontFamily = 'Arizona'; div.style.padding = '5px 1% 5px 1%'; var alert_div = document.createElement('div'); alert_div.style.margin = 'auto'; alert_div.style.maxWidth = '1000px'; alert_div.style.width = '100%'; alert_div.style.fontWeight = '500'; alert_div.style.fontFamily = 'Arizona'; alert_div.style.textAlign = 'center'; var field; for (field of ['header', 'status', 'event', 'headline', 'description', 'instruction', 'note', 'web', 'contact']) { if (data[field]) { var field_div = document.createElement('div'); field_div.innerHTML = data[field]; alert_div.appendChild(field_div); } } div.appendChild(alert_div); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//webapps.case.edu/t4/rave/jsonp.pl?callback=raveCallback"></script>   <header class="visible-print-block" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Print Header" role="presentation"> <img src="https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru/img/cwru_logo_primary_black_print.jpeg" alt="Case Western Reserve University" class="logo-default" aria-hidden="true"> </header>    <div class="page-header-top" role="banner" aria-label="Case Western Reserve University Logo Banner"> <div class="container">  <div class="page-logo"> <a href="//case.edu/"> <img src="https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru/img/cwru_logo_primary_white.svg" onerror="javascript:this.src='https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru/img/cwru_logo_primary_white.png';this.style.margin='-12px 0px';this.style.minHeight='55px'" alt="Case Western Reserve University" class="logo-default" title="Case Western Reserve University"> <span class="sr-only">Go to case.edu</span> </a> </div>   <div class="top-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> </div>  </div> </div>  <div class="page-head" role="banner" aria-label="School Name Banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-6"> <a href="https://case.edu/ech/"> <div class="page-title "> <div aria-label="Site title">Encyclopedia of Cleveland History</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="inputs pull-right hidden-xs hidden-sm "> <form action="//www.case.edu/search-results/" class="navbar__search-form desktop" name="searchForm" role="search" aria-label="desktop search"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="search-icon hidden-md hidden-lg"></span> <input placeholder="Search..." title="searchbox" type="search" class="navbar__search form-control form-search form-control" name="q" maxlength="128" size="15" onfocus="if(!this._haschanged){this.value=''};this._haschanged=true;"> <span class="mobile-search-btn input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn icon-only" aria-label="Submit Search"> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> <span class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="004305171799132815236:ciq4c8b3yv4"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input class="hidden" role="button" name="sa" type="submit" title="search" alt="search" value="search"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> </div> </div> <div > <header class="navbar navbar-default container" id="navbar" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-crew-main-menu"> <div class="col-xs-12 no-padding"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm region region-navigation"> <nav aria-label="mainmenumenu navigation menu" id="block-crew-main-menu"> <ul block="block-crew-main-menu" class="menu nav navbar-nav" role="menubar"> <li class="hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-search-box" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <form action="//www.case.edu/search-results/" class="navbar__search-form" name="searchForm" role="search" aria-label="main search"> <span class="search-icon hidden-md hidden-lg"></span> <input placeholder="Search CWRU" title="searchbox" type="search" class="navbar__search" name="q" onfocus="if(!this._haschanged){this.value=''};this._haschanged=true;"> <span class="mobile-search-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn submit" aria-label="Submit Search"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span> </button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="004305171799132815236:ciq4c8b3yv4"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input class="hidden" role="button" name="sa" type="submit" title="search" alt="search"> </form> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23786">About</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/search-article-title" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23816">Search Article by Title</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="https://case.edu/ech/categories">Search by Article Category</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="/ech/images">Images <span class="arrow" aria-haspopup="true"></span></a> <ul block="block-crew-main-menu" class="menu dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/aerial-views" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23831">Aerial Views</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/d" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23836">A to D</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/e-l" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23841">E to L</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/m-r" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23846">M to R</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/s-z" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23851">S to Z</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/cleveland-historical-overview" title="The original preface to the 1987 edition." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25376">Cleveland: An Historical Overview</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/timeline" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23826">Timeline</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/node/24026" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/24026">Make a Correction</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <i class="fa fa-bars" aria-hidden="true"></i> Navigation + Search </button> </div> </div> <div id="navbar-collapse" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="hidden-md hidden-lg row region region-navigation-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="mobilemenu navigation menu" id="block-crew-mobile-nav"> <ul block="block-crew-mobile-nav" class="menu nav navbar-nav" role="menubar"> <li class="hidden-md hidden-lg mobile-search-box" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <form action="//www.case.edu/search-results/" class="navbar__search-form" name="searchForm" role="search" aria-label="mobile search"> <span class="search-icon hidden-md hidden-lg"></span> <input placeholder="Search CWRU" title="searchbox" type="search" class="navbar__search" name="q" onfocus="if(!this._haschanged){this.value=''};this._haschanged=true;"> <span class="mobile-search-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn submit" aria-label="Submit Search"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span> </button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="004305171799132815236:ciq4c8b3yv4"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input class="hidden" role="button" name="sa" type="submit" title="search" alt="search"> </form> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23786">About</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/search-article-title" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23816">Search Article by Title</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="https://case.edu/ech/categories">Search by Article Category</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="/ech/images">Images <span class="arrow" aria-haspopup="true"></span></a> <ul block="block-crew-mobile-nav" class="menu dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/aerial-views" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23831">Aerial Views</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/d" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23836">A to D</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/e-l" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23841">E to L</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/m-r" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23846">M to R</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/images/s-z" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23851">S to Z</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/cleveland-historical-overview" title="The original preface to the 1987 edition." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25376">Cleveland: An Historical Overview</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/timeline" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/23826">Timeline</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/ech/node/24026" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/24026">Make a Correction</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row pre-sidebar"> <section role="region" aria-label="main-content" class="col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"> <span>ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA</span> </h1> <article class="article full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>The <strong>ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA</strong> (Alcoa) was founded in 1888 as the Pittsburgh Reduction Co., and since 1900 has had a branch in Cleveland, locating the headquarters of its forging division here in 1977. Alcoa established a sales office in Cleveland's Cuyahoga Bldg. in 1900; it moved to the Garfield Bldg. in 1907, the same year the company changed its name to the Aluminum Co. of America. In May 1909 it opened its first production facility in Cleveland, establishing a sand foundry at 6205 Carnegie Ave. In 1917 Alcoa opened a mold plant on farmland at 2210 Harvard Ave. During World War II, the company invested $15 million to expand its Cleveland facility and became a principal supplier of forged aluminum for aircraft parts, such as propeller blades. The Cleveland Works employed 10,300 people in 1943-44 and by 1945 had grown to include "the world's largest aluminum and magnesium forging plant." In May 1955 Alcoa opened a $40 million plant that it built for and then leased from the U.S. Air Force to make light alloy forgings for military aircraft; Alcoa bought the plant from the government in 1982. By 1965 3,000 people worked at Alcoa's Cleveland facilities, and the company expanded the works to include the forging of titanium. Between 1970-77 Alcoa invested $21.5 million to modernize and upgrade its Cleveland facility, including the construction of a wheel line facility in 1972. In July 1977 Alcoa consolidated its forging operations in Vernon, CA, with its Cleveland operation to create the Alcoa Forging Div., with headquarters at 1600 Harvard Ave.</p> <p>As of 2003 Cleveland was home to two Alcoa business units. Located on South Marginal Rd., Howmet TMP Corporation is a designer and manufacturer of wax, plastic and ceramic tools and molds; wax and ceramic injection machinery, and investment casting patterns and assemblies. Alcoa Wheel Products, headquartered at the Harvard Rd. facility, produces forged aluminum disc wheels and accessories for heavy-duty trucks, buses, motor homes, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles and recreational vehicles. Alcoa also has Ohio operations in Canton, Grove City, Medina, Northwood, Sidney and Warren.</p> <hr> <p> </p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.media_image_small" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{"image_style":"thumbnail","image_link":""}" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e7658d54-e3ea-4b5a-aab6-925e2ff0e94c" data-langcode="en" class="embedded-entity align-left"><div style="max-width:100px;"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/ech/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2018-07/WRHS_LogoStacked%20%285%29.png?itok=D5awsyyu" width="100" height="57" alt="Black, white and red text reading Western Reserve Historical Society" class="img-responsive"> </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://catalog.wrhs.org/collections/view?docId=ead/MS4510.xml;query=aluminum%20company%20of%20america;brand=default">Finding aid for the <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":[null,0],"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Frank Jardine Papers"}">Frank Jardine Papers. WRHS.</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://wrhs.saas.dgicloud.com/islandora/object/wrhs%3A1585"><span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":[null,0],"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Frank Jardine Papers"}">View image in Digital Cleveland Starts Here庐</span></a></p> <hr class="hrfix"></div> <div class="field field--name-field-article-categories field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Article Categories</div> <div class="field--items"> <div class="field--item"><a href="/ech/categories/business-and-industry" hreflang="en">Business and Industry</a></div> <div class="field--item"><a href="/ech/categories/technology" hreflang="en">Technology</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-related-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Related Links</div> <div class="field--items"> <div class="field--item"><a href="http://alcoa.com/global/en/home.asp" target="_blank">http://alcoa.com/global/en/home.asp</a></div> </div> </div> <form class="node-article-form node-form" data-drupal-selector="node-article-form" action="/ech/articles/a/aluminum-company-america" method="post" id="node-article-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-node-article-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="node_article_form" /><div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><button data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" class="button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit btn-success btn icon-before" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Save"><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-ok" aria-hidden="true"></span> Save</button></div> </form> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer aria-label="footer" class="footer container" role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section role="region" aria-label="footer sections" class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockfooter-block-footer clearfix" id="block-views-block-footer-block-footer"> <div block="block-views-block-footer-block-footer" class="form-group"><div class="footer view view-footer view-id-footer view-display-id-block_footer js-view-dom-id-d99ef0201c1fd505e77d01afc03049f22e0abe4708f56f3670121d08c74c6608"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="footer__block footer__block--university"> <img src="https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru/img/cwru_acronym_blue.svg" onerror="javascript:this.src='https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru/img/cwru_acronym_blue.svg'" alt="Case Western Reserve University Logo with Tagline" class="footer__logo" title="Case Western Reserve University"> <p>© 2024 <a href="//case.edu/">Case Western Reserve University</a></p> <address>10900 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44106</address> <p> <a href="tel:12163682000">216.368.2000</a> <br /> <a href="https://case.edu/utech/departments/information-security/policies/legal-privacy-notice">Legal Notice</a> | <a href="https://case.edu/privacy-statement/index.html">Privacy Policy</a> <br /> <a href="https://case.edu/equity/sexual-harassment-title-ix/title-ix-notice-nondiscrimination" className="mt1">Title IX Notice of Non-Discrimination</a> </p> </div> <div class="footer__block footer__block--department"> <img src="https://dudbm6bcnmy8e.cloudfront.net/cwru-drupal-assets/images/pin-icon.svg" alt="map marker" class="footer__map-icon hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <div class="footer__department-info"> <div class="footer__header h3">Encyclopedia of Cleveland History</div> <strong>Campus Location:</strong> <p> Mather House, Room 308 <br> 11201 Euclid Ave. <br> Cleveland, OH 44106 </p> <strong>Mailing Address:</strong> <p> 10900 Euclid Ave. <br> Cleveland, OH 44106-7107 </p> <p> <strong>Email:</strong> <a href="mailto:jjg4@case.edu">Contact the Editor</a> </p> <p> <a href="mailto:jjg4@case.edu">Site Feedback</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="footer__block footer__block--social"> <div class="footer__header h3">Social Media</div> <div class="footer__social-icons"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Encycleve/" target="_blank" title="CWRU Facebook" class="footer__social-icon fa fa-facebook"> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/EncyCle_" target="_blank" title="CWRU Twitter" class="footer__social-icon fa fa-twitter"> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjO99wcdZqPl0lc9KFW5jMg" target="_blank" title="CWRU Youtube" class="footer__social-icon fa fa-youtube"> <span class="sr-only">Youtube</span> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/encycle_/?ref=badge" target="_blank" title="CWRU Instagram" class="footer__social-icon fa fa-instagram"> <span class="sr-only">Instagram</span> </a> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/encycle/" target="_blank" title="CWRU Pinterest" class="footer__social-icon fa fa-pinterest"> <span class="sr-only">Pinterest</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="footer__block footer__block--links"> <div class="footer__header h3" tabindex="0">CWRU Links</div> <ul role="menu" class="footer-links"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="https://case.edu/admissions/">Apply to CWRU</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="https://case.edu/give/">Give Now</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="https://case.edu/visit/">Visit Campus</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="https://webapps.case.edu/directory/">University Directory</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="scroll-to-top"> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg"> <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x fa-inverse" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-arrow-up fa-stack-1x" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/ech\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1426","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJw9jlEOwyAMQy8E5UgoQIYyBYJI2o3br2ul_kTOk2U7iZjahBGGDDlwuvQQE2Gj4XLTmKUbdou6eg6nIFv-JbO5LBNDmfsA3goBS93gDV-XJ37Ck-U1TxqmNy5gwLDOsuutLAnYqy2mXl3e1aTFSj3-B00qGG7mT-bu8ogtYQkZhpF01-U0XXt0qWELCRTdQfjRcN2tSdkZf0MQXdY","theme":"crew","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1,"modal_animation":1,"modal_backdrop":"true","modal_focus_input":1,"modal_keyboard":1,"modal_select_text":1,"modal_show":1,"modal_size":"","popover_enabled":1,"popover_animation":1,"popover_auto_close":1,"popover_container":"body","popover_content":"","popover_delay":"0","popover_html":0,"popover_placement":"right","popover_selector":"","popover_title":"","popover_trigger":"click","tooltip_enabled":1,"tooltip_animation":1,"tooltip_container":"body","tooltip_delay":"0","tooltip_html":0,"tooltip_placement":"auto left","tooltip_selector":"","tooltip_trigger":"hover"},"crew":{"datalayer":{"site_name":"ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History"},"new_datalayer":{"event":"ga4_site_name","ga4_site_name":"ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History"}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"79f4cafa5332185b01890f24eac233b8ba94bfa635c22bdd36527a29969170cf"}}</script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/underscore/underscore-min.js?v=1.13.6"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/jquery-patch-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/ie-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-active-element-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-blur-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/controlgroup-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-reset-mixin-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/mouse-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/checkboxradio-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/draggable-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/resizable-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/button-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/dialog-min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/ie-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-active-element-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-blur-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/tabbable-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/mouse-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/position-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/draggable-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/resizable-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/tua-body-scroll-lock/tua-bsl.umd.min.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/custom/custom_gin_override/js/overrides.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/js/app.js?v=1.12"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/affix.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/alert.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/button.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/carousel.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/collapse.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/dropdown.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/modal.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/tooltip.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/popover.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/scrollspy.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/tab.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/bootstrap/assets/javascripts/bootstrap/transition.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/drupal.bootstrap.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/attributes.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/theme.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/popover.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/tooltip.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/modules/contrib/cms_content_sync/js/entity-form.js?v=1.x"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/progress.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.2.0"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/message.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/message.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/ajax.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/displace.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/jquery.tabbable.shim.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/position.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/modal.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/dialog.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/modal.jquery.ui.bridge.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/dialog/dialog.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/dialog/dialog.position.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/core/misc/dialog/dialog.ajax.js?v=10.2.11"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/dialog.ajax.js?sne0ks"></script> <script src="/ech/themes/custom/crew/js/datalayer.js?sne0ks"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University