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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calendrier holocène</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> système de calendrier </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Calendrier+holoc%C3%A8ne&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Le <dfn>calendrier holocène</dfn> (<b>ère Jōmon</b>, <b>ère holocène</b> ou <b>ère humaine</b>) est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier">calendrier</a> qui vise à résoudre un certain nombre des problèmes posés par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>. Il débute à 10 000 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avant_l%27%C3%A8re_chr%C3%A9tienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant l'ère chrétienne">AEC</a> (<b>avant l'ère commune</b>). Le scientifique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cesare_Emiliani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cesare Emiliani">Cesare Emiliani</a> a proposé cette idée en 1993, et a proposé pour ce calendrier l'appellation <i>ère humaine</i> ; toutefois l'idée n'est pas si neuve puisque le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_nouveau_de_chronologie_ancienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier nouveau de chronologie ancienne">Calendrier nouveau de chronologie ancienne</a>, essentiellement similaire, fut proposé en 1924<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Sources_%C3%A0_lier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient être mieux reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections « Bibliographie », « Sources » ou « Liens externes »</strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-01" data-sort-value="2022-01">janvier 2022</time>).</small></p> </div> </div> <p>Il tire son nom de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_(g%C3%A9ologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Époque (géologie)">époque</a> géologique de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holocène">Holocène</a>, c'est-à-dire la dernière et actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_interglaciaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Période interglaciaire">période interglaciaire</a>, dont le début correspond plus ou moins à celui de ce calendrier, à 360 années près.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Motivation_occidentale"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Motivation occidentale</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conversion_gr%C3%A9gorienne"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Conversion grégorienne</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Motivation_japonaise"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Motivation japonaise</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conversion_du_Neng%C5%8D_P%C3%A9riodes"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Conversion du Nengō Périodes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annexes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Annexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Motivation_occidentale">Motivation occidentale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Motivation occidentale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Parmi les reproches faits au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>, le plus généralement admis dans le monde, figurent ceux-ci :</p> <ul> <li>il existe un doute sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Date_de_naissance_de_J%C3%A9sus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Date de naissance de Jésus">date de naissance réelle de Jésus-Christ</a> : sa naissance a dû survenir quelques années avant l'an 1. Ceci rend le calendrier imprécis en ce qui concerne les dates chrétiennes ;</li> <li>il n'y a aucune <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_z%C3%A9ro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année zéro">année zéro</a> car l'an 1 <abbr class="abbr" title="av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></abbr> est suivi immédiatement de l'an 1 après J.-C. ;</li> <li>pour les périodes avant J.-C., les années se comptent en se déplaçant du passé vers le futur (44 <abbr class="abbr" title="av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></abbr> se situe après 250 <abbr class="abbr" title="av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></abbr>), ce qui complique les calculs de date. Au lieu de cela, le calendrier holocène place le début de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_(g%C3%A9ologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ère (géologie)">ère</a> courante à 10 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></abbr>, correspondant au début approximatif de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_(g%C3%A9ologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ère (géologie)">ère</a> géologique du même nom. La raison en est que les civilisations humaines récentes (comportant élevage, agriculture, etc.) ont généralement surgi vers cette époque. Les principales dates de l'histoire humaine peuvent alors être énumérées en utilisant une échelle de dates croissantes très simple, dans laquelle les plus petites dates se situent toujours avant les plus élevées.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conversion_grégorienne"><span id="Conversion_gr.C3.A9gorienne"></span>Conversion grégorienne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Conversion grégorienne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La conversion en holocène des dates grégoriennes d'AD (EC) peut être réalisée en additionnant 10 000. La conversion en holocène des dates d'av. J.-C. (AEC) peut être réalisée en soustrayant l'année av. J.-C. de 10 001. Par exemple :</p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Années grégoriennes</th> <th>Ère Holocène/ère Humaine</th> </tr> <tr> <td>c. 22000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>c.-11999 EH ou c.11999 AEH</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10001 av. J.-C.</td> <td>0 EH</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>1 EH</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1 av. J.-C.</td> <td>10000 EH</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anno_Domini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 1</td> <td>10001 EH</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AD 2025</td> <td>12025 EH</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AD 10000</td> <td>20000 EH</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Motivation_japonaise">Motivation japonaise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Motivation japonaise" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Au Japon, pour supplanter l'utilisation courante des années de règne tout en maintenant le <i>nengō</i>, on a proposé un système pour compter les années avant le début [<i>gannen</i>] de l'« ère Jōmon » (EJ, ou JE en anglais), afin de faciliter la datation archéologique.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conversion_du_Nengō_Périodes"><span id="Conversion_du_Neng.C5.8D_P.C3.A9riodes"></span>Conversion du Nengō Périodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Conversion du Nengō Périodes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Période</th> <th>Années grégoriennes</th> <th>Ère Jōmon</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jōmon">Jōmon</a> basal ou Gannen</td> <td>10000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>1 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jōmon initial</td> <td>10000 –7500 av. J.-C.</td> <td>1– 2500 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jōmon précoce</td> <td>7500 – 4000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>2501 – 6000 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jōmon ancien ou inférieur</td> <td>4000 – 3000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>6001 – 7000 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jōmon moyen</td> <td>3000 – 2000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>7001 – 8000 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jōmon tardif ou supérieur</td> <td>2000 – 1000 av. J.-C.</td> <td>8001 – 9000 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jōmon final</td> <td>1000 – 300 av. J.-C.</td> <td>9001 – 9700 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Débuts du Japon impérial</td> <td>660 av. J.-C.</td> <td>9341 EJ</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_Yayoi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Période Yayoi">Période Yayoi</a></td> <td>251 av. J.-C. – <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anno_Domini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 250</td> <td>9750 –10250 EJ</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span title="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> : document utilisé comme source pour la rédaction de cet article.</p> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Ewing Duncan, <i>Calendar</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">331–332</span>, 1999, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-85702-979-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-85702-979-8"><span class="nowrap">1-85702-979-8</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cesare Emiliani, « Calendar reform » dans <i>Nature</i> (1993) 366:716.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Duncan Steel, <i>Marking Time: The Epic Quest to Invent the Perfect Calendar</i>, 2000 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">149-151</span></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Günther A. Wagner, <i>Age Determination of Young Rocks and Artifacts: Physical and Chemical Clocks in Quaternary Geology and Archeology</i>, Springer (1998) <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 48</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthropoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthropocène">Anthropocène</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_nouveau_de_chronologie_ancienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier nouveau de chronologie ancienne">Calendrier nouveau de chronologie ancienne</a>, d'inspiration similaire et le précédant de près de 50 ans.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_commune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ère commune">Ère commune</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holocène">Holocène</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_julienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Période julienne">Période julienne</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> </ul> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Calendrier holocène">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.readersadvice.com/mmeade/house/holocene.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Holocene Calendar</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.readersadvice.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-01-17" data-sort-value="2022-01-17">17 janvier 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:G%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la géologie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/35px-Monocline01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="860"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 35px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/35px-Monocline01.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="35" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/52px-Monocline01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/69px-Monocline01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:G%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Géologie">Portail de la géologie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Temps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du temps"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Circle-icons-hourglass.svg/24px-Circle-icons-hourglass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Circle-icons-hourglass.svg/24px-Circle-icons-hourglass.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Circle-icons-hourglass.svg/36px-Circle-icons-hourglass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Circle-icons-hourglass.svg/48px-Circle-icons-hourglass.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Temps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Temps">Portail du temps</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:C%C3%A9nozo%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du Cénozoïque"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mammouth.png/29px-Mammouth.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="245"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mammouth.png/29px-Mammouth.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="29" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mammouth.png/44px-Mammouth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mammouth.png/59px-Mammouth.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:C%C3%A9nozo%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Cénozoïque">Portail du Cénozoïque</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la paléontologie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anning_plesiosaur.png/27px-Anning_plesiosaur.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="692"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anning_plesiosaur.png/27px-Anning_plesiosaur.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="27" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anning_plesiosaur.png/40px-Anning_plesiosaur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anning_plesiosaur.png/53px-Anning_plesiosaur.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Paléontologie">Portail de la paléontologie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCalendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne%26oldid%3D214519946">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holocène&oldid=214519946</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calendrier_holoc%C3%A8ne&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Géodigital" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1713903220"> <span>Dernière modification le 23 avril 2024, à 21:13</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="تقويم هولوسين – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم هولوسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%258A" title="تقويم هولوسيني – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تقويم هولوسيني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="تقويم هولوسين – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تقويم هولوسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen_t%25C9%2599qvimi" title="Holosen təqvimi – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Holosen təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Галацэнскі каляндар – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галацэнскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D1%2586%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Галяцэнскі каляндар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галяцэнскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%259E%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2580" title="হলোসিন বর্ষপঞ্জী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হলোসিন বর্ষপঞ্জী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiziadur_holosenek" title="Deiziadur holosenek – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deiziadur holosenek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_holoc%25C3%25A8" title="Calendari holocè – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari holocè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%25C3%25A9nov%25C3%25BD_letopo%25C4%258Det" title="Holocénový letopočet – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Holocénový letopočet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%25C3%25A6ne_kalender" title="Holocæne kalender – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Holocæne kalender" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoz%25C3%25A4n-Kalender" title="Holozän-Kalender – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holozän-Kalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CF%2587%25CE%25AE_%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_%25CE%2591%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B8%25CF%2581%25CF%258E%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585" title="Εποχή του Ανθρώπου – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εποχή του Ανθρώπου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Holocene calendar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocena_kalendaro" title="Holocena kalendaro – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Holocena kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_holoceno" title="Calendario holoceno – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario holoceno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holozeniar_egutegia" title="Holozeniar egutegia – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Holozeniar egutegia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586" title="گاه‌شماری هولوسن – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاه‌شماری هولوسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoseenin_ajanlasku" title="Holoseenin ajanlasku – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Holoseenin ajanlasku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%2597_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A0%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%2594%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599" title="לוח השנה ההולוקני – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוח השנה ההולוקני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%25C3%25A9n_napt%25C3%25A1r" title="Holocén naptár – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Holocén naptár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Holosen" title="Kalender Holosen – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Holosen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_olocenica" title="Era olocenica – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Era olocenica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%25B4%2580%25E5%2585%2583" title="人類紀元 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人類紀元" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25B0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="ჰოლოცენის კალენდარი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰოლოცენის კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoc%25C4%2593na_kalend%25C4%2581rs" title="Holocēna kalendārs – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Holocēna kalendārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Холоценски календар – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Холоценски календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_kalender" title="Holocene kalender – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Holocene kalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocen_kalender" title="Holocen kalender – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Holocen kalender" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_holoce%25C5%2584ski" title="Kalendarz holoceński – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz holoceński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1_%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25DA%2588%25D8%25B1" title="انسانی دور کیلنڈر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسانی دور کیلنڈر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%25C3%25A1rio_Holoceno" title="Calendário Holoceno – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário Holoceno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarul_Holocen" title="Calendarul Holocen – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendarul Holocen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Голоценовая эра – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Голоценовая эра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocenski_kalendar" title="Holocenski kalendar – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Holocenski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Holocene calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Холоценски календар – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Холоценски календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocenkalendern" title="Holocenkalendern – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Holocenkalendern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2593%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2580%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="ஓலோசீன் நாட்காட்டி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓலோசீன் நாட்காட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%258F%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ปฏิทินโฮโลซีน – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิทินโฮโลซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holosen_takvimi" title="Holosen takvimi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Holosen takvimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Голоценовий календар – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голоценовий календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25E1%25BB%258Bch_Holocen" title="Lịch Holocen – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch Holocen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A8%25E6%2596%25B0%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25B4%2580%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="全新世紀年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全新世紀年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%25A8%25E6%2596%25B0%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25B4%2580%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="全新世紀年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="全新世紀年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 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