科学网—我国每年250万人吃错药，其中可能就包括患感冒的你

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<span class="xg1">已有 8804 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2018-10-6 23:50</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=2966991&catid=7">科普集锦</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; background-color: #FFFFFF;"> </span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 25.2px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 18px; font-size: 18px;">本内容由【SME】公众号原创，未经授权禁止转载</span></strong></p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/728bbb7f1e2d72feab14dc88265c241a" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽、疲困……感冒的滋味可不好受。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这时候，感冒药与阿莫西林的完美组合似乎就成了流感病患的救命稻草。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">甚至在流感季节来临时，家里的长辈常叮嘱为了预防流感，不妨吃些“消炎药”防身。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>而许多人认知中的“消炎药”，实际却与医药学中的消炎药是两码事。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/f13b64a8595b24f17582c58d16ce7390" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">虽然这样看来防护效果仿佛达到十级，所有致病因子都该退散了吧。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">但还是很遗憾，你可能吃错药了。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">患上的感冒不仅可能并没有触发炎症。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>被寄予厚望的阿莫西林其真实身份也不是消炎药，而是抗生素。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">甚至还连累原本已经受到伤害的机体承受更难以抵挡的副作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/e286dd6a65be4f79af162e1d4880608b" alt="阿莫西林胶囊" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">阿莫西林胶囊</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在国内，这种把抗生素当作消炎药来使用的现象比比皆是。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">直接给抗生素扣上消炎药的帽子，这成了民间的一大冤案。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">炎症与消炎药这一对常见却充满误区的对立面，则是造成误解的本源。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/bd14902f811d0c2bb5dcc5e368a3e64c" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">引发炎症的成因千差万别。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">有可能是由机械损伤、激光等造成的物理性原因，又或者是由化学物质接触而引发。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">但最常见的还是生物性原因。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">微生物虽然体型微小，身份卑微，但为了顽强地延续生命也是尽显本领。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在它们眼里，其他生物体就是一个饱含营养且安全的能量体。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">于是每当感染的机会降临，它们便成群结队地集体入侵机体内部，企图攻陷并夺去营养。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>而炎症即便使人体产生不舒适的症状，却恰恰是自身保护的一个高明之举。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/e483b4731ec455f2b66455a8b80fbc92" alt="关节炎" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">关节炎</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">对于外来入侵的病原体，人体免疫势必要与它展开一场生死角逐。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">同时当生物组织受到外伤等刺激时，免疫系统也将第一时间开启保护。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而为了激活其中起主要作用的巨噬细胞、白细胞等免疫战士，一系列依托于神经与激素传递的刺激也在有条不紊中环环紧扣。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/b5d5d5b957a4d3fce4f6b4c486504a7f" alt="被白细胞围攻的癌细胞" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">被白细胞围攻的癌细胞</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">遭受刺激后，有免疫细胞分泌的一些特定的细胞因子迅速响应神经系统的“集合”号召。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">于是它们各司其职，从各方位对敌人展开围攻。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">比如一种<strong>环氧酶（COX）</strong>就在其中发挥主要作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>它在细胞因子的活化下，进一步激活巨噬细胞或其他免疫细胞。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">被激活后的免疫细胞因此火速转移到战场中发挥出英勇骁战的防御本领。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/0dff62b2a81a249147e61296e62b71eb" alt="显微镜下的COX-2" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">显微镜下的COX-2</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">虽然在机体此免疫下杀遍四方病原。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">但如果效果过于强劲，遭殃的还是机体本身。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在这种情况下可能造成类风湿性关节炎等过敏病症。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而白细胞介素则负责活化白细胞来抵挡致敏原，抑制过敏反应。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/bcbbd0a2d8d4197a3e06b18e55daf32b" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">但同时，厮杀的战场却也常常在人体皮肤上出现痛、热、红、肿等反应。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这便是令人饱受折磨的炎症反应。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">造成炎症的，不是病原体临死前的疯狂报复，而恰恰是代表着正义的免疫系统的获胜标志。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>它是由具有血管功能的活体组织发生的防御性为主的反应。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而刚立下了汗马功劳的环氧酶，就得为其负上一罪。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/7c8550864c7581ad8bd39f469a2f1583" alt="炎症反应" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">炎症反应</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">环氧酶除了包含诱导酶的功能之外，也将促使转换得到前列腺素。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">前列腺素虽然具有抑制胃液分泌，从而治疗胃溃疡、出血性胃炎等功效。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">但在抵御入侵性病原体上却没多大作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">不仅如此，它还将促使血小板凝聚形成血栓。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>也就是在血管中形成血块，造成血流的妨碍或阻断。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/80f42dc9cc5198072fcb336f93c06671" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">再加上在战斗中“英勇殉职”的细胞随着血浆进入组织造成肿胀，也增强了血管通透性。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">因此就出现了发炎部位红肿的现象。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">同时，<strong>反应中还将释放细胞素刺激痛感神经末梢，从而产生疼痛的感觉。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">此外还可能造成目前仍受到广泛争议的一些功能障碍。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/bb14abdcd2b7b1db84733b59cf5c991e" alt="神经末梢" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">神经末梢</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">人们对体内刚结束的一场激烈奋战毫不知情。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>痛苦的炎症反馈也许就是免疫系统对人体发送的战况汇报。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">但即使是清除现场的炎症反应，也让人难以忍受。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">所幸医学的发展让这种生理反应也能得到有效缓解。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">消炎药，成了广泛使用的高知名度药物。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/26bc65aaab7f25bdfe12faae4b57319b" alt="吞噬细胞释放细胞因子" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">吞噬细胞释放细胞因子</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>消炎药则是具有减缓炎症效果的治疗药物。</strong><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">也就是能消除痛、热、红、肿等皮肤反应。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">它根据药物的化学结构中基本母核是否类固醇结构，可分为两种：</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">一种是甾体类消炎药，另一种是非甾体类消炎药。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong> </strong></p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/4ddddd1d0a4aee936bee6edf8b368c56" alt="甾体的通用结构" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">甾体的通用结构</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">甾体类消炎药的本质主要是糖皮质激素。<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这是本身就能由人体的肾上腺皮质分泌的内源物质。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而药物作为内源激素的改良版，则具有更强大的抗炎能力。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>它通过抑制异常的免疫反应，调节代谢而发挥作用。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/bbf8279796ceda80b4d65c393099f295" alt="体内合成糖皮质激素" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">体内合成糖皮质激素</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">然而功能越强大，它也越容易滥杀无辜，表现出多种多样的副作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">大量的使用会干扰体内正常的代谢过程，引发高血糖等疾病。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">同时，它还会损伤消化道和影响神经系统，甚至在大剂量时可能出现精神失常。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而虽然抑制了免疫系统就不会出现过敏，却降低了其保护效果，更容易发生感染。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">可的松、地塞米松等药物就属于这一类。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>它们虽具有很强的疗效，却由于不可控的剧烈副作用而不太常用作消炎药。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/edbe24b678953e46cb46d3febee38eda" alt="可能出现胃溃疡、胃出血等副作用" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">可能出现胃溃疡、胃出血等副作用</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">相比之下，非甾体类消炎药（NSAID）就有着更广泛的应用范围。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">它是全球最常用的药物之一。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">例如阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生等此类药物几乎是家庭药箱里的必备。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">不同于甾体药物的调节作用，<strong>这类消炎药主要是从炎症形成过程中实现抑制。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/64e0a243918710fee391d00b947364b6" alt="布洛芬" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">布洛芬</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>它通过抑制某一类的环氧酶合成，从而使前列腺素的形成减少。</strong><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这样一来，相继发生的炎症反应也就得到有效的缓解。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">作用过程比较温和，它的副作用也就缓和多了。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">它虽然还是对心血管有一定程度的风险，但是降低了血小板的作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">因此在生活中，小剂量的NSAID也常用于日常的退热止痛。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong></strong></p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/7e00da520900e69144e8c76d47578355" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>然而错误的认知却让不少人对炎症用错了药。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在还没有有效除菌手段的过去，即使是简单的表皮破损导致破伤风，都极易丧命。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">其中的“凶手”就是在普通百姓中普遍享有坏名声的细菌。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">于是它也受到人们千方百计的防范与控制。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在许多人的认知里，细菌是致病的最主要原因。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这时候，号称能杀灭细菌的抗生素便备受追捧。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/e8b71ae95feeebe1a42f468e2cff6867" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">1928年，英国科学家弗莱明偶然发现培养皿中的青霉素有抑制葡萄球菌生长的作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>这是人类发现的第一种抗生素。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">此后，繁多品种、功能强大的抗生素逐渐被提炼开发。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而人们也一边惊诧于抗生素对细菌的强效杀灭清除功能，一边对其越发依赖。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/d6510417f1a03d96c59979dd41c8022f" alt="弗莱明" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">弗莱明</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">抗生素作为一种抗菌剂，主要针对细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物发挥作用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">随着合成与发现的种类增多，抗生素作用的覆盖面也更为广泛。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">它对细菌的攻击方式表现得致命而强烈。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>通过阻碍细菌细胞壁的合成，细菌在低渗的环境下膨胀破裂死亡。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">同时它还会作用于细菌的细胞膜，改变其通透性，使内部的物质漏出而死亡。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/1703c3cb50d69578679e322749ff70e7" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">然而正当人们沉迷于抗生素对细菌的强效攻击。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">它却悄悄操纵着主要是肠道处细菌群的进化方向。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">道高一尺魔高一丈，细菌对此进化出独特的应对方法——<strong>抗药性</strong>。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在抗生素的施用下，侥幸存活的细菌将抵抗抗生素的基因紧接着快速遗传。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">因此不出几代的繁衍，漏网的细菌就重新表现出原本抗生素无法杀除的能力。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/0e21fd92d64420b7acb6cb054c1561a0" alt="耐药细菌群落的传播" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">耐药细菌群落的传播</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这不仅人为地误诱导出超级细菌，导致无药可用的局面。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）就已经成为了刀枪不入的超级细菌。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>同时，它还会使手术过程中更容易感染到抗药的细菌，从而增高手术风险。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">细菌抗药性的产生让人们逐渐意识到后果的严重性。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">于是不得不重视起抗生素的使用范围与频率。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/da88fc14534940c1dc09e1e659dde36f" alt="MRSA" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">MRSA</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而在炎症的煎熬下，人们还是迫切地希望眼前的病情好转。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这时，一向颇负盛名的抗生素其弊端仍未被大众所熟知。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">因此就成了听起来十分契合的药物选择。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">然而它非但引发了令人后怕的恶果，<strong>实际上也被人误当作了消炎药。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/c2527d80404e22bdfd34060e90df24ef" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">抗生素虽功效强大，却只针对细菌为主的微生物使用，对于病毒、真菌、过敏反应等并没有效用。<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>对于炎症的消除则是缓解机体炎症反应机制，产生抵抗炎症的效果。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">然而大多数炎症病患却仅凭对抗生素的片面认知，过分放大其药用价值。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">甚至在普通感冒、皮肤损伤等发炎情况下把它当做消炎药使用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">于是便出现了发炎必备抗生素的常识误区。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"> </p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/93071a25eb6c5ca481ddd15a7cb8c4bd" alt="一些抗生素药物" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">一些抗生素药物</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">感冒其实是一种多病原的疾病。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>病原体虽遍及微生物中的广泛群落，但主要感染人体的还是病毒。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">因此即使感冒了吃抗生素也不一定有效。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这也就是为什么很多时候早期感冒时，医生只会开具一些抗病毒口服液，而不是抗生素。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">常见的流感病毒、鼻病毒等就经常企图攻陷人体免疫系统，引起感冒。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而为了对症下药，在诊断中根据感冒症状来判定病原不失为一个简便的方法。<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/2dde05e54b1a3c2c68f2c30300e68a6b" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">最多发的感冒症状大概就是鼻塞、流涕，伴有轻微的咳嗽，但体温基本正常。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">这时基本可以判定从中作祟的就是鼻病毒。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">当人体突然高烧、头痛，咽痛却不发红，几乎没有咳嗽现象时，大概率是遭到流感病毒的感染；</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">而如果在夏季发生上述同样的症状，再加上咽部发红和扁桃体有脓栓，则应该是被腺病毒和化脓性链球菌共同感染。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p class="picbox" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><img src="https://r.sinaimg.cn/large/article/685342cc0f136f53985e6e97ef4b1822" alt="流感病毒" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"/><span class="picinfo" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 14px; border-bottom: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; color: #808080; word-break: break-all; text-align: left;">流感病毒</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">炎症的折磨固然难受，但病急乱求医只会加剧病情。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">对药物选择的错误观念则容易让病患走进服错药的误区。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">抗生素与消炎药的误会也许目前仍没有在人体上显现出可怕的后果。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong>但却可能悄悄在你看不见的细胞组织中正蓄谋着某些摧毁性的计划。</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><em>*参考资料</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><em>Anti-inflammatory. Wikipedia.</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><em>臧国庆, 李丹. 抗生素、抗菌药、消炎药,概念莫混淆[J]. 家庭用药, 2011(4):18-18.</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><em>冀连梅. 别把抗生素叫成消炎药[J]. 丁香医生, 2014.</em></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><em>Ghanem C I, Pérez M J,Manautou J E, et al. Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drugpharmacological action and toxicity[J]. 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