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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mughlai cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="মুঘলাই রন্ধনশৈলী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুঘলাই রন্ধনশৈলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B5%B4_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="무굴 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무굴 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mughlai cuisine" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="मुग़लाई खाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुग़लाई खाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="മുഗളായി ഭക്ഷണവിഭവങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഗളായി ഭക്ഷണവിഭവങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%98%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯃꯨꯘꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯆꯥ ꯏꯊꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯨꯘꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯆꯥ ꯏꯊꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مغلائی پکوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مغلائی پکوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Могольская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Могольская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Муглайська кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Муглайська кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مغلائی پکوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغلائی پکوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%87%A5%E5%85%92%E8%8F%9C" title="莫臥兒菜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫臥兒菜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Dishes developed in the Mughal Empire</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Indian_Spices.jpg/400px-Indian_Spices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="762" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Regional cuisines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North India</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_cuisine" title="Awadhi cuisine">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Cuisine" title="Braj Cuisine">Braj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Haryana" title="Cuisine of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_cuisine" title="Kumaoni cuisine">Kumauni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mughlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradeshi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South India</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chettinad_cuisine" title="Chettinad cuisine">Chettinad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_cuisine" title="Hyderabadi cuisine">Hyderabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_cuisine" title="Mangalorean cuisine">Mangalorean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswat_cuisine" title="Saraswat cuisine">Saraswat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu cuisine">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>East India</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cuisine" title="Bhojpuri cuisine">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Odisha" title="Cuisine of Odisha">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithil_cuisine" title="Maithil cuisine">Maithil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angika_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Angika cuisine">Angika</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>West India</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvani_cuisine" title="Malvani cuisine">Malvani & Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Northeast India</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_fast_food" title="Indian fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Indian Chinese cuisine">Indo-Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain (Satvika)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ingredients, types of food</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_dishes" title="List of Indian dishes">Main dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_soups_and_stews" title="List of Indian soups and stews">Soups and stews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Indian sweets and desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_bread" title="Indian bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_drinks" title="List of Indian drinks">Drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_snack_foods_from_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="List of snack foods from the Indian subcontinent">Snack foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_condiments" title="List of Indian condiments">Condiments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Preparation, cooking</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handi" title="Handi">Handi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karahi" title="Karahi">Karahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Tava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruli" title="Uruli">Uruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_food_preparation_utensils" title="Category:Indian food preparation utensils">Other</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Indian_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Indian dining">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_chefs" title="Category:Indian chefs">Indian chefs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cuisine_of_India" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of India">Cookbook: Cuisine of India</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related cuisines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan cuisine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span 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class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">This article is part of the series</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:12pt"><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Pakistani cuisine</span></a><br /><span class="nobold"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پاکستانی پکوان</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.3em; font-family:sans-serif; color:white; background-color:#008000;;color: var(--color-base)">Regional cuisines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Eastern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mughlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajir_cuisine" title="Muhajir cuisine">Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_cuisine" title="Saraiki cuisine">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahori_cuisine" title="Lahori cuisine">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Western</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Baloch cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_cuisine" title="Hazara cuisine">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Northern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitrali_cuisine" title="Chitrali cuisine">Chitrali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunza_diet" title="Hunza diet">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_cuisine" title="Kalash cuisine">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Overseas and fusion</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balti_(food)" title="Balti (food)">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.3em; font-family:sans-serif; color:white; background-color:#008000;;color: var(--color-base)">Ingredients</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_breads" title="List of Pakistani breads">Breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_condiments" title="List of Pakistani condiments">Condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_snacks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pakistani snacks">Snacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_soups_and_stews" title="List of Pakistani soups and stews">Soups and stews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Pakistani sweets and desserts">Sweets and desserts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.3em; font-family:sans-serif; color:white; background-color:#008000;;color: var(--color-base)">Preparation and cooking</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handi" title="Handi">Handi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karahi" title="Karahi">Karahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Tava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_food_preparation_utensils" title="Category:Pakistani food preparation utensils">Other</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.3em; font-family:sans-serif; color:white; background-color:#008000;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistani_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Pakistani cuisine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_of_Pakistani_dining" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette of Pakistani dining">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_chefs" title="Category:Pakistani chefs">Pakistani chefs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cuisine_of_Pakistan" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of Pakistan">Cookbook: Cuisine of Pakistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistani_cuisine" title="Template:Pakistani cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistani_cuisine" title="Template talk:Pakistani cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mughlai cuisine</b> consists of dishes developed or popularised in the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern India">early-modern</a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian cultural</a> centres of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. It represents a combination of <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Indian subcontinent">cuisine of the Indian subcontinent</a> with the cooking styles and recipes of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Asian Cuisine">Central Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic cuisine">Islamic cuisine</a>. Mughlai cuisine is strongly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, the region where the early <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal emperors</a> originally hailed from, and it has in turn strongly influenced the regional cuisines of <a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">Northern India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladesh</a>. </p><p>The tastes of Mughlai cuisine vary from extremely mild to spicy, and are often associated with a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Aroma" class="mw-redirect" title="Aroma">aroma</a> and the taste of ground and whole spices.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Mughlai course is an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">buffet</a> of main course dishes with a variety of <a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">accompaniments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the ruling class and administrative elite of the Mughal Empire could variously identify themselves as <i>Turani</i> (<a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a>), <i>Irani</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a>), <i>Shaikhzada</i> (<a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Indian Muslim</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Hindu Rajput</a>, the empire itself was <a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a>, having a hybridized, pluralistic <a href="/wiki/Persianate_society" title="Persianate society">Persianate</a> culture. Decorated Indo-Persian cookbooks and culinary manuscripts adorned the personal libraries of the Mughal elite, serving as both culinary guides and for aesthetic value.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One example was the <i><a href="/wiki/Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi">Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi</a></i>, a 15th-century work illustrated with Persian miniatures. This was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_Shah" title="Ghiyath Shah">Ghiyath Shah</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Malwa_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sultans of the Malwa Sultanate">sultan of Malwa</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>), and features <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> dishes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">samosas</a></i> (fried potato filled pastry), <i><a href="/wiki/Khichdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichdi">khichri</a></i> (rice and lentils), <i><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">pilaf</a></i> (rice dish), <i>seekh</i> (skewered meat and fish), <i><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kabab</a></i> (skewered, roasted meat) and <i><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">yakhni</a> (</i>meat broth<i>),</i> as well as western and southern Indian dishes, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kadhi" title="Kadhi">karhi</a></i>, <i>piccha</i> and <i>khandvi.</i> </p><p>From the Mughal period itself, one popular culinary work was the <i>Nuskha-i-Shahjahani,</i> a record of the dishes believed to be prepared for the court of Emperor Shahjahan (r.1627-1658). This Persian manuscript features ten chapters, on <i><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">nānhā</a></i> (breads), <i>āsh-hā</i> (pottages), <i>qalīyas</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dopiaza" title="Dopiaza">dopiyāzas</a></i> (dressed meat dishes), <i><a href="/wiki/Bhurta" title="Bhurta">bhartas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">zerbiryāns</a></i> (a kind of layered rice-based dish), <i><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">pulāʾo</a></i>, <i>kabābs</i>, <i>harīsas</i> (savoury porridge), <i>shishrangas</i> and <i>ḵẖāgīnas</i> (omelette), and <i>khichṛī;</i> the final chapter involves <i>murabbā</i> (jams), <i>achār</i> (pickles), <i><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">pūrī</a></i> (fried bread), <i>fhīrīnī</i> (sweets), <i><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">ḥalwā</a></i> (warm pudding), and basic recipes for the preparation of <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yoghurt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer">panīr</a></i> (Indian curd cheese) and the coloring of butter and dough.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Another famous textbook was <i>Ḵẖulāṣat-i Mākūlāt u Mashrūbāt,</i> perhaps dating to the era of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (r. 1656–1707), while another was <i>Alwān-i Niʿmat,</i> a work dedicated solely to sweetmeats. Divya Narayanan writes:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These include varieties of sweet breads such as <i>nān ḵẖatā̤ʾī</i> (crisp bread, like a biscuit), sweet <i>pūrīs</i>, sweet <i>samosas</i> (or <i>saṃbosas</i>), <i>laḍḍū</i> and <i>ḥalwā</i>. The cookbook introduces each recipe with a line of praise: for instance <i>saṃbosa-i yak tuhī dam dāda</i> (<i>samosa</i> with a pocket cooked on <i>dam</i>) is declared as being ‘among the famous and well-known sweets; <i>pūrī dam dāda bādāmī</i> (almond <i>pūrīs</i> cooked on <i>dam</i>) is said to be ‘among the delicious and excellent sweetmeats, and <i>nān ḵẖatā̤ʾī bādāmī</i> (almond <i>nān ḵẖatā̤ʾī</i>) is noted for being ‘among the rare and delicious recipes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>There are even many commonalities between Indo-Persian cookbooks used at the Mughal court and contemporary culinary works from <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid Iran</a>, such as the <i>Kārnāma dar bāb-i Tabākhi wa san'at-e ān</i> "Manual on Dishes and their Preparation" of Muhammad Al' Bāwarchi Baghdādi. </p><p>Mughlai cuisine is renowned for the richness and aromaticity of the meals due to extensive use of spices like saffron, cardamom, black pepper, dry fruits and nuts, as well as rich cream, milk and butter in preparation of curry bases. This has influenced the development of North Indian cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Mughlai_dishes">List of Mughlai dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of Mughlai dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korma" title="Korma">Korma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roust" title="Roust">Roust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihari" title="Nihari">Nihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a> (first introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> or persian traders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakarkhani" title="Bakarkhani">Bakarkhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_gosht" title="Aloo gosht">Aloo gosht</a> (lamb/mutton and potato curry)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keema_Matar" class="mw-redirect" title="Keema Matar">Qeema matar</a> (ground-lamb and pea curry)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Chorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a> (first introduced during Delhi Sultanate):<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunde_ke_kabab" title="Tunde ke kabab">Tunde ke kabab</a> (soft, tender patty-like kebab first prepared by Haji Murad Ali of Lucknow)</li> <li>Bihari kebab (meat-chunks roasted in open flame)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakori_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kakori kebab (page does not exist)">Kakori kebab</a> (first prepared in Uttar Pradesh, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a> (first prepared by Pashtuns in the northwest frontier of India)</li> <li>Kalmi kebab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seekh_kebab" title="Seekh kebab">Seekh kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a> (first prepared by Syrian cooks in the Mughal era, "Shami" denoting their Syrian origin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shikampur_kebab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shikampur kebab (page does not exist)">Shikampur kebab</a> (native to Hyderabad, India)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_paratha" title="Mughlai paratha">Mughlai paratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murgh_musallam" title="Murgh musallam">Murgh musallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasanda" title="Pasanda">Pasanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka" title="Chicken tikka">Chicken tikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezala" class="mw-redirect" title="Rezala">Rezala</a> (may have been introduced to Bengal region of Indian subcontinent by the Mughlai sovereigns of Awadh and Mysore)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desserts">Desserts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Desserts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_jamun" title="Gulab jamun">Gulab jamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falooda" title="Falooda">Falooda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seviyan_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seviyan (food)">Seviyan</a> (prepared with milk, clarified butter, <a href="/wiki/Vermicelli" title="Vermicelli">vermicelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_water" title="Rose water">rose-water</a> and almonds)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barfi" title="Barfi">Barfi</a> (derived from the Persian word for 'snow/ice')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phirni" title="Phirni">Phirni</a> <ul><li>Saffron Phirni (rice-based sweet dish streaked with saffron)</li> <li>Badami Phirni (rice-based sweet dish with almonds)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Tukra" title="Shahi Tukra">Shahi tukra</a> (rich bread pudding with dry fruits and flavored with cardamom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheer_khurma" title="Sheer khurma">Sheer khurma</a></li> <li>Several varieties of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mangoes</a> were cherished and cultivated by the Mughal court.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Karachi" title="Cuisine of Karachi">Cuisine of Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali cuisine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729194834/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/review/archive/070301/review14.htm">"Government focusing on boosting exports | DAWN.COM"</a>. <i>www.dawn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/weekly/review/archive/070301/review14.htm">the original</a> on 29 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dawn.com&rft.atitle=Government+focusing+on+boosting+exports+%26%23124%3B+DAWN.COM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fweekly%2Freview%2Farchive%2F070301%2Freview14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSahuliyar2008" class="citation news cs1">Sahuliyar, Arti (5 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526031459/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080705/jsp/jharkhand/story_9507169.jsp">"Mughlai cuisine tops popularity charts in capital"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Calcutta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080705/jsp/jharkhand/story_9507169.jsp">the original</a> on 26 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Mughlai+cuisine+tops+popularity+charts+in+capital&rft.date=2008-07-05&rft.aulast=Sahuliyar&rft.aufirst=Arti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1080705%2Fjsp%2Fjharkhand%2Fstory_9507169.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNarayanan2016" class="citation journal cs1">Narayanan, Divya (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/izsa/article/download/842/815">"What Was Mughal Cuisine? : Defining and Analysing a Culinary Culture"</a>. <i>Interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Südasienforschung</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisziplin%C3%A4re+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+S%C3%BCdasienforschung&rft.atitle=What+Was+Mughal+Cuisine%3F+%3A+Defining+and+Analysing+a+Culinary+Culture&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Narayanan&rft.aufirst=Divya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Findex.php%2Fizsa%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F842%2F815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/food/table-talk-the-emperors-new-iftar-1.2043942">"Table Talk: The emperor's new iftar"</a>. <i>Gulf News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Table+Talk%3A+The+emperor%27s+new+iftar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Ffood%2Ftable-talk-the-emperors-new-iftar-1.2043942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"Readings in a Culinary Culture", <i>Accounting for Taste</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2004, pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>110, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226243276.003.0004">10.7208/chicago/9780226243276.003.0004</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226243245" title="Special:BookSources/9780226243245"><bdi>9780226243245</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Readings+in+a+Culinary+Culture&rft.btitle=Accounting+for+Taste&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226243276.003.0004&rft.isbn=9780226243245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/mughalnama-changing-the-contours-of-mughlai-cuisine-in-india/1223427">"Mughalnama: changing the contours of Mughlai cuisine in India"</a>. <i>Outlook India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=Mughalnama%3A+changing+the+contours+of+Mughlai+cuisine+in+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fnewsscroll%2Fmughalnama-changing-the-contours-of-mughlai-cuisine-in-india%2F1223427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMishra2016" class="citation web cs1">Mishra, Smita (27 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/the-1000-year-history-of-the-kebab-on-your-plate-251253.html">"The 1,000 Year History of the Kebab on Your Plate"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=The+1%2C000+Year+History+of+the+Kebab+on+Your+Plate&rft.date=2016-02-27&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Smita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fthe-1000-year-history-of-the-kebab-on-your-plate-251253.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPal2016" class="citation web cs1">Pal, Sanchari (7 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebetterindia.com/57267/mango-national-fruit-of-india-history/">"Food for Thought: Unpeeling the Mango's Interesting History in India"</a>. <i>The Better India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Better+India&rft.atitle=Food+for+Thought%3A+Unpeeling+the+Mango%27s+Interesting+History+in+India&rft.date=2016-06-07&rft.aulast=Pal&rft.aufirst=Sanchari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebetterindia.com%2F57267%2Fmango-national-fruit-of-india-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMughlai+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Mughlai Cook Book</i>, Diamond Pocket Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7182-547-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-7182-547-8">81-7182-547-8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rim1x7fHjZgC&dq=mughlai">[1]</a></li> <li><i>Nita Mehta's Vegetarian Mughlai Khaana</i> By Nita Mehta, Published 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-86004-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-86004-10-6">81-86004-10-6</a></li> <li><i>Mughlai</i> By Amrita Patel Published 2004, Sterling Publishers, 160 pages <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-207-2646-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-207-2646-4">81-207-2646-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughlai_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianrecipes.lv/cuisines/mughlai">Mughlai Recipes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livelystories.com/2011/10/24/the-great-mughals-and-their-food/">Mughal Emperors' Food</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Emperors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Bahadur Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Jahandar Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_ud-Darajat" title="Rafi ud-Darajat">Rafi ud-Darajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_II" title="Shah Jahan II">Shah Jahan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur" title="Ahmad Shah Bahadur">Ahmad Shah Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Alamgir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_III" title="Shah Jahan III">Shah Jahan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Shah Bahadur">Shah Jahan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_II" title="Akbar II">Akbar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_family_tree" title="Timurid family tree">family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Economy of the Mughal Empire">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Mughal Empire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Government of the Mughal Empire">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Army of the Mughal Empire">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_artillery" title="Mughal artillery">Mughal artillery</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Provinces25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Provinces</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Subah" title="Ajmer Subah">Ajmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadh_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Awadh Subah">Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar_Subah" title="Berar Subah">Berar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Subah" title="Bihar Subah">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Subah" title="Gujarat Subah">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Subah">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Subah" title="Hyderabad Subah">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Subah">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Multan" title="Subah of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sira_Subah" title="Sira Subah">Sira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Rajput_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Rajput wars">Mughal-Rajput wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_conquest_of_Malwa" title="Mughal conquest of Malwa">Mughal conquest of Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar%27s_conquest_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar's conquest of Gujarat">Gujarat conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1622%E2%80%931623)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)">Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1649%E2%80%931653)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)">Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula#Battle_of_Tilpat" title="Gokula">Suppression of Tilpat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahom%E2%80%93Mughal_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahom–Mughal conflicts">Ahom–Mughal conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha wars">Mughal–Maratha wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child%27s_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Child's war">Child's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_wars" title="Carnatic wars">Carnatic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal war">Bengal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_between_Mughals_and_Sikhs" title="List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs">Mughal–Sikh wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts" title="Mughal–Portuguese conflicts">Mughal–Portuguese conflicts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agra" title="Battle of Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badli-ki-Serai" title="Battle of Badli-ki-Serai">Badli-ki-Serai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhuchar_Mori" title="Battle of Bhuchar Mori">Bhuchar Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chanderi" title="Battle of Chanderi">Chanderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chausa" title="Battle of Chausa">Chausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghaghra" title="Battle of Ghaghra">Ghagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haldighati" title="Battle of Haldighati">Haldighati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karnal" title="Battle of Karnal">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khajwa" title="Battle of Khajwa">Khajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwa" title="Battle of Khanwa">Khanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najafgarh" title="Battle of Najafgarh">Najafgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1526)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Second Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1556)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1761)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Raj Mahal">Raj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samugarh" title="Battle of Samugarh">Samugarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirhind_(1555)" title="Battle of Sirhind (1555)">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1567)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1567)">Thanesar (1567)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1710)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1710)">Thanesar (1710)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi" title="Battle of Tukaroi">Tukaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bakla" title="Conquest of Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bhulua" title="Conquest of Bhulua">Bhulua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bijapur" title="Siege of Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chittorgarh_(1567%E2%80%931568)" title="Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daman_(1638%E2%80%931639)" title="Siege of Daman (1638–1639)">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daulatabad" title="Siege of Daulatabad">Daulatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golconda" title="Siege of Golconda">Golconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hooghly" title="Siege of Hooghly">Hooghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jinji" title="Siege of Jinji">Jinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar_(1605%E2%80%931606)" title="Siege of Kandahar (1605–1606)">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Purandhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Purandhar">Purandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ranthambore_(1568)" title="Siege of Ranthambore (1568)">Ranthambore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sambhal" title="Siege of Sambhal">Sambhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan#Baro-Bhuiyans_of_Bengal" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isa Khan">Isa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Usman" title="Khwaja Usman">Khwaja Usman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayazid_of_Sylhet" title="Bayazid of Sylhet">Bayazid of Sylhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Khan_of_Bengal" title="Musa Khan of Bengal">Musa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapaditya" title="Pratapaditya">Pratapaditya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Lodi">Ibrahim Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Sanga" title="Rana Sanga">Rana Sanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ambar" title="Malik Ambar">Malik Ambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula" title="Gokula">Gokula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Shivaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachit_Borphukan" title="Lachit Borphukan">Lachit Borphukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Khattak" title="Khushal Khattak">Khushal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Child,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Child, 1st Baronet">Josiah Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Munro,_8th_laird_of_Novar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Munro, 8th laird of Novar">Hector Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbagh_Fort" title="Lalbagh Fort">Lalbagh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir_Mahal,_Orchha" title="Jahangir Mahal, Orchha">Jahangir Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheesh_Mahal_(Lahore_Fort)" title="Sheesh Mahal (Lahore Fort)">Sheesh Mahal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_mosques" title="Category:Mughal mosques">Mosques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_Mosque,_Aurangabad" title="Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad">Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid (Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawk_Mosque,_Dhaka" title="Chawk Mosque, Dhaka">Chawk Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunehri_Masjid,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunehri Masjid, Lahore">Sunehri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_tombs" title="Category:Mughal tombs">Tombs and mausoleums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Akbar the Great">Akbar's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara" title="Bibi Ka Maqbara">Bibi Ka Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Babur" title="Gardens of Babur">Gardens of Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Jahangir's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Salim_Chishti" title="Tomb of Salim Chishti">Tomb of Salim Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aurangzeb" title="Tomb of Aurangzeb">Tomb of Aurangzeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">Tomb of Nur Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tombs_of_Mughal_Empire" title="List of tombs of Mughal Empire">List of tombs of Mughal Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal_Gardens" title="Achabal Gardens">Achabal Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Bridge,_Jaunpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur">Shahi Bridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_architecture" title="Category:Mughal architecture">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_clothing" title="Mughal clothing">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian language in South Asia">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_painting" title="Mughal painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians_in_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Persians in the Mughal Empire">Persian Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal tribe">Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_weapons" title="Mughal weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> (<i>interrupted</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana" title="Rajputana">Rajput states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat people">Jats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal_and_Murshidabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawabs of Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Nizam of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic state">Carnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_of_India329" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_India" title="Template:Cuisine of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_India" title="Template talk:Cuisine of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_of_India329" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Indian_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Indian dining">Etiquette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian cuisine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_cuisine" title="Awadhi cuisine">Awadhi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Braj_Cuisine" title="Braj Cuisine">Braj</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cuisine" title="Bhojpuri cuisine">Bhojpuri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kumauni_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumauni cuisine">Kumauni</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mughlai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marwari_Bhojnalaya" title="Marwari Bhojnalaya">Marwari (Jain)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradeshi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian cuisine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chettinad_cuisine" title="Chettinad cuisine">Chettinadu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_cuisine" title="Hyderabadi cuisine">Hyderabadi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_cuisine" title="Mangalorean cuisine">Mangalorean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saraswat_cuisine" title="Saraswat cuisine">Saraswat</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East India/North East India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cuisine" title="Bhojpuri cuisine">Bhojpuri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maithil_cuisine" title="Maithil cuisine">Maithil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magahi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Magahi cuisine">Magahi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angika_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Angika cuisine">Angika</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Odisha" title="Cuisine of Odisha">Odia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepali</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indian cuisine">West Indian cuisine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Marathi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkani cuisine">Konkani</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Agri people">Agri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malvani_cuisine" title="Malvani cuisine">Malvani</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain (Satvika)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">Anglo-Indian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_fast_food" title="Indian fast food">Fast food</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Indian Chinese cuisine">Indian Chinese</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indian Indonesian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporean_cuisine" title="Indian Singaporean cuisine">Indian Singaporean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian Indian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients / types of food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_dishes" title="List of Indian dishes">Main dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_soups_and_stews" title="List of Indian soups and stews">Soups and stews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Indian sweets and desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_bread" title="Indian bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_drinks" title="List of Indian drinks">Drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_snack_foods_from_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="List of snack foods from the Indian subcontinent">Snack foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_condiments" title="List of Indian condiments">Condiments</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation and cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Handi" title="Handi">Handi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karahi" title="Karahi">Karahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Tava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruli" title="Uruli">Uruli</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" 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