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Trends in battery chemistry, design, energy density, and cost are analysed along with material utilisation trends, to provide 27 separate material forecasts across the electric vehicle markets for cars, vans, trucks, buses, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and microcars."> <meta property="og:type" content="book" > <meta property="og:title" content="Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs 2023-2033" > <meta property="og:description" content="Electric vehicles create demand for many materials. This report covers the demand created for materials required to construct battery cells and battery packs. Trends in battery chemistry, design, energy density, and cost are analysed along with material utilisation trends, to provide 27 separate material forecasts across the electric vehicle markets for cars, vans, trucks, buses, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and microcars."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936"> <meta property="og:image" content="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/AD/C6.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" > <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-04-24"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/IDTechExResearch/"> <meta property="book:author" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-james-edmondson/2649"> <meta property="book:author" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-alex-holland/2544"> <meta property="book:isbn" content="9781915514622"> <meta property="book:released_date" content="2023-04-24"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IDTechEx"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1905389916393394"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs 2023-2033: IDTechEx"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Electric vehicles create demand for many materials. This report covers the demand created for materials required to construct battery cells and battery packs. 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href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics-2024-2034-markets-strategies-players/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials Informatics</a> <a 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href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-dot-materials-and-technologies-2024-2034-trends-markets-applications/952" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Dot Materials and Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a 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class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction-2025-2035-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Direct Lithium Extraction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-recycling-market-2023-2043/939" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Battery Recycling Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Redox Flow Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries-2024-2034-technology-players-markets-and-forecasts/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sodium-ion Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2023-2033-technology-forecasts-players/917" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Solid-State and Polymer Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-land-sea-and-air-2024-2044/962" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Vehicles</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-car-sales-models-and-technologies-database/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Car Sales, Models & Technologies Database</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/air-taxis-electric-vertical-take-off-and-landing-evtol-aircraft-2024-2044-technologies-players/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Air Taxis</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-markets-in-construction-agriculture-and-mining-machines-2024-2034/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-swapping-for-electric-vehicles-2022-2032-technology-players-and-forecasts/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles-and-fleets-2025-2035-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles and Fleets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars-2024-2034-trends-utilization-forecasts/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Copper Demand for Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-buses-2025-2045-markets-players-technologies-and-forecasts/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships-2024-2044/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025-2045-markets-players-forecasts/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-motors-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-materials-markets-and-forecasts/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Construction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india-2021-2041/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Vehicles in India</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-mining-2024-2044-technologies-players-and-forecasts/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Mining</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-hybrid-and-fuel-cell-light-commercial-vehicles-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships-2023-2033-pemfc-sofc-hydrogen-ammonia-lng/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fuel Cell Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks-2021-2041/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">High Voltage Hybrid Cars, Buses and Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-evs-2023-2043-electric-two-wheelers-three-wheelers-and-microcars/915" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars-2025-2045-technologies-players-regulations-market-forecasts/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/power-electronics-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-electric-vehicles-2023-2033-technology-players-and-forecasts/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wireless Charging Market for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/en/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors-smrs-2023-2043/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaics-2023-2033/872" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Perovskite Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics-2023-2033/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thin Film & Flexible Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides-2021-2031-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimulants and Biopesticides</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture-2021-2031/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Genetic Engineering in Agriculture</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plant-based-meat-2021-2031/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Plant-Based Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/vertical-farming-2022-2032/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Vertical Farming</a> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-technology-market-2023-2033/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antiviral and Antimicrobial Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics-2022-2032-technology-opportunities-players-and-forecasts/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/diabetes-management-technologies-2022-2032-markets-players-and-forecasts/862" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Diabetes Management Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/dna-sequencing-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">DNA Sequencing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Remote Patient Monitoring</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/metamaterials-markets-2024-2034-optical-and-radio-frequency/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamaterials Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics-2023-2033-forecasts-technologies-markets/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Flexible & Printed Electronics</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/3d-electronics-additive-electronics-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">3D Electronics/Additive Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/conductive-inks-market-2024-2034-technologies-applications-players/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Conductive Inks Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2023-2033/919" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/manufacturing-printed-electronics-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Manufacturing Printed Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-printed-flexible-electronics-2021-2031-technologies-applications-market-forecasts/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Printed/Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-electronics-for-automotive-applications-2021-2031-technologies-and-markets/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Printed and Flexible Electronics for Automotive Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/smart-packaging-2023-2033/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Smart Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics-2019-2029/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stretchable and Conformal Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025-2045-technologies-players-and-markets/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Collaborative Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/drone-market-and-industries-2021-2041/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Drone Market and Industries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery-2024-2044/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mobile Robotics in Logistics, Warehousing and Delivery</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/service-robots-2022-2032-technologies-players-and-markets/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Service Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/software-defined-vehicles-connected-cars-and-ai-in-cars-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Software-Defined Vehicles, Connected Cars, and AI in Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-2023-2033/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI Chips</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications-2024-2034-artificial-intelligence-at-the-edge/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI Chips for Edge Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antenna-in-package-aip-for-5g-and-6g-2024-2034-technologies-trends-markets/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in Package (AiP) for 5G and 6G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025-2035-technology-opportunities-applications/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Chiplet Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/co-packaged-optics-cpo-2025-2035-technologies-market-and-forecasts/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electrically Conductive Adhesives</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials and Processing for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics-2024-2034-markets-strategies-players/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic95_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sensors, Haptics & Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-image-sensor-technologies-2024-2034-applications-and-markets/965" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Image Sensor Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/environmental-gas-sensor-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-forecasts-players/964" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Environmental Gas Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/haptics-2025-2035-technologies-markets-players/1034" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Haptics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2024-2034-technologies-opportunities-and-markets/972" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensor-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1038" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic120_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sustainability</a> <a href="/en/research-report/bioplastics-2025-2035-technology-market-players-and-forecasts/1032" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Bioplastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chemical-recycling-and-dissolution-of-plastics-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-forecasts/1009" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chemical Recycling and Dissolution of Plastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-alternative-leathers-2024-2034-technologies-trends-players/980" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Alternative Leathers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-electronics-manufacturing-2023-2033/902" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Electronics Manufacturing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-packaging-market-2023-2033/929" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Packaging Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic123_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Thermal Management</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic52_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Wearable Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-technology-forecasts-2023-2033/928" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Wearable Technology Forecasts</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/e-textiles-and-smart-clothing-markets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-applications/925" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">E-Textiles and Smart Clothing Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/optics-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/969" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Optics for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality-headsets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-markets/889" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality Headsets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content maincontent"> <div class="contentholder"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div id="lhs" class="lhscontainer"> <nav><ul class="nav navlhs"><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/3d-printing/47">3D Printing</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/5g-6g-rfid-and-telecoms/9">5G, 6G, RFID & Telecoms</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/advanced-materials-and-critical-minerals/77">Advanced Materials & Critical Minerals</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2">Electric Vehicles</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115">Energy & Decarbonization</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/energy-storage/8">Batteries & Energy Storage</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118">Food & AgTech</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110">Healthcare</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/photonics/116">Photonics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99">Robotics & Autonomy</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/sensors-and-haptics/95">Sensors & Haptics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120">Sustainability</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52">Wearable Technology</a></li></ul></nav> </div> <div class="widemain"> <div class="pre-title"></div> <nav><div class="breadcrumb-v6"><a href="/">Home</a><a href="/en/research-reports">Research Reports</a><a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs 2023-2033</a></div></nav> <div id="report-main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="promostat" itemprop="headline"> Yearly electric vehicle battery materials demand to increase over 12 fold by 2033 </div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/AD/C6.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" alt="Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs 2023-2033" align="left" class="mainlogo" itemprop="image"><h1 class="std" itemprop="name" id="page-title">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs 2023-2033</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">Material demand for electric vehicle battery cells and packs. Energy density, technologies, material trends, OEM strategies, and granular market forecasts.</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-james-edmondson/2649">Dr James Edmondson</a> and <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-alex-holland/2544">Dr Alex Holland</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="toast hide" data-delay="10000" style="position: fixed; top: 10px; right: 25px;z-index:1100"> <div class="toast-header"> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" style="color: darkblue;font-size:1.25em" aria-hidden="true"></i> <strong class="mr-auto">  IDTechEx</strong> <button type="button" class="ml-2 mb-1 close" data-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="toast-body"></div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="loginModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 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style="display:block;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;">About subscriptions</a> </div> <div> <a href="https://www.idtechex.com/users/action/dl.asp?documentid=27134" class="btn btn-sm samplepages" style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="viewoption"> <span class="selected">Show All</span> <span data-show="description">Description</span> <span data-show="contents">Contents, Table & Figures List</span> <span class="pricing" data-show="orderinfo">Pricing</span> <span class="d-none" data-show="relatedcontent">Related Content</span></div> <div class="report-description"> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>Electric vehicles (EVs) generate material demands that are very different to those historically typical of combustion engine vehicle markets. With ongoing supply chain disruption and rapidly evolving battery technology, the materials that will be in demand over the coming years will vary significantly. This report takes a deep dive into battery chemistry, energy density, and design evolution in order to determine the market demand from 2021-2033 for 27 different materials in markets such as electric cars, buses, trucks, vans, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and microcars.</div><div>Despite trends towards increased energy density and less use of materials per vehicle, thanks to the rapidly growing EV market, the demand for EV battery materials will grow over 12-fold with market value exhibiting a 26% CAGR between 2033 and 2021.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Battery Cell Materials</span></div><div>Battery chemistry continues to evolve. The ultimate goal has always been towards higher energy density, but other factors such as cell cost and supply chain diversity have created demand for alternative chemistries outside of typical NMC (nickel manganese cobalt). NMC chemistries provide the highest energy density, and to further improve this and avoid the use of cobalt, have transitioned to higher nickel variants such as NMC 811 over the previous NMC 111/523. Cobalt is a more costly material and has a very geographically constrained supply with questionable mining practices, the trend to higher nickel chemistries alleviates these concerns, albeit increasing demand for nickel.</div><div> </div><div>Batteries using LFP (lithium iron phosphate) chemistries nearly exited the EV market in 2018-2019 thanks to their lower energy density than NMC. However, the need for a greater variety in cell supply and the ability to reduce costs has seen a huge resurgence in LFP adoption, especially in the lower- to mid-range market segments. The energy density hit of using LFP has been somewhat offset by improvements in packing efficiency. The greater adoption of LFP mitigates some of the demand for materials such as nickel, and cobalt.</div><div> </div><div>In addition to the cathode chemistry, there has also been evolution in the anode. Some have been incorporating small percentages of silicon into anodes to improve energy density, resulting in a decrease in graphite intensity in the cell. In the future we can expect to see adoption of much greater silicon contents with silicon dominant anodes gaining interest.</div><div> </div><div>There are several other materials critical to the operation of a battery cell, such as the collector foils, binders, and more. This report contains forecasts for battery cell material demand to 2033 for materials including: lithium, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, aluminum, graphite, silicon, phosphorous, electrolyte, binder, casing, conductive additive, and the separator.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/B4/88.png?w=1200&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/B4/88.png?w=1200&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" alt="Electric vehicle material demand. Battery material market. Electric vehicle material market. Battery material supply. Cell-to-pack battery." data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/B4/88.png" width="1200"></div><div> </div><div><i>Despite energy density improvements, many cell materials will exhibit rapid growth in demand with significantly differing market shares. Source: IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Battery Pack Materials</span></div><div>Increasing the energy density of battery cells is important, but the construction of the pack as a whole is also a great avenue to improve battery energy density. The market has gradually reduced the amount of materials used to package the cells, increasing the ratio of the pack's weight and volume that is accounted for by the cells. The step change in this regard is the adoption of cell-to-pack designs where the modular nature is removed in favor of packing all the cells directly together. Despite the reduction in materials this causes, the rapid growth of the EV market means that many of the materials used in a battery pack will see increased demand.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/B4/89.png?w=1200&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/B4/89.png?w=1200&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" alt="Electric vehicle material demand. Battery material market. Electric vehicle material market. Battery material supply. Cell-to-pack battery." data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/B4/89.png" width="1200"></div><div> </div><div><i>The materials used to package cells into a pack have reduced by over 50% since 2015. Source: IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div>Thermal management is crucial to keeping cells at an optimal operating temperature and requires components such as cold plates and coolant hoses. Thermal interface materials are required to aid in heat transfer between the cells and the cooling structure. Preventing thermal runaway from propagating between the cells and outside the battery pack requires passive fire protection materials. How these thermal management materials and components are integrated is becoming simplified, especially with adoption of cell-to-pack designs, but will remain as critical operating components with increased demand.</div><div> </div><div>A key avenue for weight saving is the adoption of composites and polymers over traditional aluminum and steel. Much of the battery structure is made from aluminum, but many have adopted composite enclosure lids to reduce weight and form more complex shapes. There is a push towards multi-material battery enclosures to combine the benefits of the materials available. A key consideration for composite or polymer enclosures is EMI shielding and fire protection, this can be added later or integrated into the material itself.</div><div> </div><div>This report forecasts materials for battery packs including aluminum, steel, copper, aluminum, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, glass fiber reinforced polymer, thermal interface materials, fire protection materials, electrical insulation, cold plates, and coolant hoses.</div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><style type="text/css">.actable, .acth{border: 1px solid white;border-collapse: collapse;padding: 10px;}.actable{border-radius: 25px;}.acthead .acth{background-color:#162667;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actbody .acth{background-color:#375ca0;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actd{text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-top: 1px solid #162667;padding: 10px;}</style><table class="actable"><thead class="acthead"><tr><th class="acth">Report Metrics</th><th class="acth">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody class="actbody"><tr><th class="acth">Historic Data</th><td class="actd">2021 - 2022</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">CAGR</th><td class="actd">The global market for battery cell and pack materials will exceed US$230 billion by 2033 representing a CAGR of 26%.</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Period</th><td class="actd">2023 - 2033</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Units</th><td class="actd">kg, US$</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Regions Covered</th><td class="actd">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Segments Covered</th><td class="actd">Cars, buses, vans, trucks, two wheelers, three wheelers, microcars.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. 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style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div class="sectionheading"><a name="toc"></a>Table of Contents</div> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.1.</td><td class="tocname2">What's New in This Report?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Materials Considered in this Report</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.3.</td><td class="tocname2">EV Battery Demand Market Share Forecast (GWh)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Cathode Chemistry: Nickel Up, Cobalt Down, and LFP Resurgence</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Cathode Market Share for Li-ion in EVs (2015-2033)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Li-ion Timeline - Technology and Performance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Cathode Material Intensities (kg/kWh)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.8.</td><td class="tocname2">How Does Material Intensity Change?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.9.</td><td class="tocname2">The Promise of Silicon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Anode Material Demand Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Cell Material Demand Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Cell Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Cell Format Market Share</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Gravimetric Energy Density and Cell-to-pack Ratio</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Cell vs Pack Energy Density</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Component Breakdown of a Battery Pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Thermal Interface Material Trends</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Thermal Management Strategy Market Share</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Energy Density Improvements with Composites</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Insulation Materials Comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Electrical Interconnects: Aluminum, Copper, and Insulation Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Fire Protection Material Market Shares</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Pack Materials Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Pack Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Total Battery Cell and Pack Materials Forecast by Material 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Total Battery Cell and Pack Materials Market Value Forecast 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">INTRODUCTION</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Electric Vehicle Definitions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Drivetrain Specifications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Materials for Electric Vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Materials Considered in this Report</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">LI-ION BATTERY CHEMISTRY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.1.</td><td class="tocname2">What is a Li-ion Battery?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium Battery Chemistries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Why Lithium?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Li-ion Cathode Benchmark</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Li-ion Anode Benchmark</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Cathode Chemistry: Nickel Up, Cobalt Down, and LFP Resurgence</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">CELL COSTS AND ENERGY DENSITY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Chemistry Energy Density Comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Li-ion Timeline - Technology and Performance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Impact of Material Price Volatility</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Impact of Material Price</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.5.</td><td class="tocname2">BEV Battery Cell and Pack Price Forecast 2020-2033 ($/kWh)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Li-ion Batteries: Technologies, Markets and End of Life</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">MATERIALS FOR LI-ION BATTERY CELLS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Impact of Material Price Volatility</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Raw Material Uncertainty</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Drivers and Restraints for Battery Recycling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">How Does Material Intensity Change?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Inactive Material Intensities (exc. casings)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Raw Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The Elements Used in Li-ion Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">The Li-ion Supply Chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Raw Materials Critical to Li-ion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Raw Material Supply a Driver for Alternative Chemistries?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Li-ion Raw Material Geographical Distribution</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Cathode Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Cathode Development</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Cathode Material Intensities (kg/kWh)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Cathode Market Share for Li-ion in EVs (2015-2033)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Cathode Material Demand Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Price Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Critical Cathode Material Value Forecast 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Lithium</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Cobalt</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Nickel</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Anode Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Anode Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Anode Material Demand Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Anode Material Prices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Anode Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Graphite</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Silicon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Electrolytes, Separators, Binders, and Conductive Additives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">What is in a Cell?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to Li-ion Electrolytes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrolyte Technology Overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to Separators</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Polyolefin Separators</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to Binders</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Binders - Aqueous vs Non-aqueous</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Conductive Agents</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Specialty Carbon Black Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon Nanotubes in Li-ion Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Why Use Nanocarbons?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Key Carbon Nanotube Relationships</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Market Expansion of MWCNTs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon Nanotubes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of Graphene's Potential in Energy Storage</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Main Graphene Players - Energy Storage</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Current Collectors in a Li-ion Battery Cell</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Current Collector Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Total Battery Cell Materials Forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Cell Material Demand Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Cell Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">CELL AND PACK DESIGN</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell Types</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell Format Market Share</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell Format Comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Li-ion Batteries: from Cell to Pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Pack Design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Cell-to-pack, cell-to-chassis and Large Cell Formats: Designs and Announcements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">What is Cell-to-pack?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Drivers and Challenges for Cell-to-pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">What is Cell-to-chassis/body?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Servicing/ Repair and Recyclability</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">BYD Blade Cell-to-pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">BYD Cell-to-body</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">CATL Cell-to-pack and Cell-to-chassis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">GM Ultium</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Leapmotor Cell-to-chassis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">LG Removing the Module</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Nio Hybrid Chemistry Cell-to-pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Our Next Energy: Aeris</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Stellantis Cell-to-pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.14.</td><td class="tocname3">SVOLT - Dragon Armor Battery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla Cell-to-body</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.16.</td><td class="tocname3">VW Cell-to-pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell-to-pack and Cell-to-body Designs Summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Gravimetric Energy Density and Cell-to-pack Ratio</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Volumetric Energy Density and Cell-to-pack Ratio</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.20.</td><td class="tocname3">Outlook for Cell-to-pack & Cell-to-body Designs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Energy Density and Material Utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Passenger Cars: Pack Energy Density (291 models)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Passenger Cars: Pack Energy Density Trends</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Passenger Cars: Cell Energy Density Trends</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell vs Pack Energy Density</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell and Pack Energy Density Forecast 2020-2033 (Wh/kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Component Breakdown of a Battery Pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Reduction of Pack Materials (kg/kWh)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">7.</td><td class="tocname1">PACK COMPONENTS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Thermal Interface Materials for EV Battery Packs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to Thermal Interface Materials for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">TIM Pack and Module Overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">TIM Application - Pack and Modules</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">TIM Application by Cell Format</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Key Properties for TIMs in EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Gap Pads in EV Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Switching to Gap Fillers from Pads</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermally Conductive Adhesives in EV Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Material Options and Market Comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.10.</td><td class="tocname3">TIM Chemistry Comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.11.</td><td class="tocname3">The Silicone Dilemma for the Automotive Market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Gap Filler to Thermally Conductive Adhesives</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermal Conductivity Shift</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.14.</td><td class="tocname3">TCA Requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.15.</td><td class="tocname3">TIM Demand per Vehicle</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.16.</td><td class="tocname3">TIM Forecast for EV Batteries (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Other Applications for TIMs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Cold Plates and Coolant Hoses</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermal System Architecture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Coolant Fluids in EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to EV Battery Thermal Management</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Thermal Management Strategy by OEM</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Thermal Management Strategy Market Share</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermal Management in Cell-to-pack Designs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Inter-cell Heat Spreaders or Cooling Plates</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Advanced Cold Plate Design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Examples of Cold Plate Design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">DuPont - Hybrid Composite/metal Cooling Plate</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">L&L Products - Structural Adhesive to Enable a New Cold Plate Design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Senior Flexonics - Battery Cold Plate Materials Choice</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Coolant Hoses for EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Coolant Hose Material</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Alternate Hose Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermal Management Component Mass Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Enclosures</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Enclosure Materials and Competition</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">From Steel to Aluminium</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Towards Composite Enclosures?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Composite Enclosure EV Examples (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Composite Enclosure EV Examples (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Projects for Composite Enclosure Development (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Projects for Composite Enclosure Development (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Alternatives to Phenolic Resins</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Are Polymers Suitable Housings?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Plastic Intensive Battery Pack from SABIC</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">SMC vs RTM/LCM</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">SMC for Battery Trays and Lids - LyondellBasell</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Advanced Composites for Battery Enclosures - INEOS Composites</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Polyamide 6-based Enclosure</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Continental Structural Plastics - Honeycomb Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Composite Parts - TRB Lightweight Structures</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Composites with Fire Protection</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Other Composite Enclosure Material Suppliers (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Other Composite Enclosure Material Suppliers (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.20.</td><td class="tocname3">EMI Shielding for Composite Enclosures</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.21.</td><td class="tocname3">Challenges with Structural Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.22.</td><td class="tocname3">Adding Fire Protection to Composite Parts</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.23.</td><td class="tocname3">Metal Foams for Battery Enclosures?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.24.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Enclosure Materials Summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.25.</td><td class="tocname3">Energy Density Improvements with Composites</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.26.</td><td class="tocname3">Cost Effectiveness of Composite Enclosures</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.27.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Enclosure Material Forecasts 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Fire Protection Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermal Runaway and Fires in EVs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Fires and Related Recalls (automotive)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Automotive Fire Incidents: OEMs and Causes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">EV Fires Compared to ICEs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Severity of EV Fires</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">EV Fires: When Do They Happen?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Regulations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">What are Fire Protection Materials?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermally Conductive or Thermally Insulating?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Fire Protection Materials: Main Categories</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Material comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Density vs Thermal Conductivity - Thermally Insulating</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Material Market Shares</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Fire Protection Materials Forecast 2019-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Fire Protection Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Compression Pads/Foams</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Compression Pads/foams</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Polyurethane Compression Pads</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Rogers Compression Pads</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Compression and Fire Protection (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Compression and Fire Protection (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Saint-Gobain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Players in Compression Pads/foams</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Example use in EVs: Ford Mustang Mach-E</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.5.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Compression Pads/foams Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Cell Electrical Insulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Inter-cell Electrical Isolation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Films for Electrical Insulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Avery Dennison - Tapes for Batteries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Dielectric Coatings</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Insulation Materials Comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Insulating Cell-to-cell Foams</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.6.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Inter-cell Electric Isolation Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Electrical Interconnects and Insulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to Battery Interconnects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Aluminum vs Copper for Interconnects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Busbar Insulation Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla Model S P85D</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Nissan Leaf 24kWh: Cell Connection</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Nissan Leaf 24kWh</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.7.</td><td class="tocname3">BMW i3 94Ah</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyundai E-GMP</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.9.</td><td class="tocname3">VW ID4</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla 4680</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Material Quantity in Battery Interconnects: kg/kWh Summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.7.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrical Interconnects: Aluminum, Copper, and Insulation Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Pack Materials Forecasts</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.8.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Pack Materials Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.8.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Pack Materials Price Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.8.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Battery Pack Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">8.</td><td class="tocname1">BATTERY MATERIAL/STRUCTURE EXAMPLES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Examples: Automotive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Audi e-tron</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Audi e-tron GT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">BMW i3</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">BYD Blade</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Chevrolet Bolt</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Faraday Future FF91</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Ford Mustang Mach-E/Transit/F150 battery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyundai Kona</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyundai E-GMP</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Jaguar I-PACE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Mercedes EQS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.12.</td><td class="tocname3">MG ZS EV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.13.</td><td class="tocname3">MG Cell-to-pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Rimac Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Rivian R1T</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla Model 3/Y Cylindrical NCA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla Model 3/Y Prismatic LFP</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla Model S P85D</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla Model S Plaid</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.20.</td><td class="tocname3">Tesla 4680 Pack</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.21.</td><td class="tocname3">Toyota Prius PHEV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.22.</td><td class="tocname3">Toyota RAV4 PHEV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.23.</td><td class="tocname3">VW MEB Platform</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Examples: Heavy duty, Commercial Vehicles, and Other Vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Akasol (BorgWarner)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Microvast & REE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">John Deere (Kreisel)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Romeo Power</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Superbike Battery Holder</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Vertical Aerospace</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Voltabox</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Xerotech</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">XING Mobility</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">9.</td><td class="tocname1">FORECASTS AND ASSUMPTIONS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.1.</td><td class="tocname2">EV Materials Forecast: Methodology & Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.2.</td><td class="tocname2">IDTechEx Model Database</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Average Battery Capacity Forecast: Car, 2W, 3W, Microcar, Bus, Van, and Truck</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.4.</td><td class="tocname2">EV Battery Demand Market Share Forecast (GWh)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Cathode Material Demand Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Price Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Critical Cathode Material Value Forecast 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Anode Material Demand Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Anode Material Prices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Anode Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Cell Material Demand Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Cell Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Pack Materials Forecast 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Pack Material Market Value Forecast for EVs 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Total Battery Cell and Pack Materials Forecast by Material 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery Pack Materials Price Assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Total Battery Cell and Pack Materials Forecast by Vehicle Type 2021-2033 (kg)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Total Battery Cell and Pack Materials Market Value Forecast 2021-2033 (US$)</td></tr> </table> <div> </div> </div> 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