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class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menuya esasî" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menuya esasî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menuya esasî</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navîgasyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Here Destpêkê [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Destpêk · Sereta</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:B%C3%BByer%C3%AAn_rojane" title="Der barê bûyerên dawî de agahiyên nûjen bibîne"><span>Bûyerên rojane</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:R%C3%BBpela_tesaduf%C3%AE" title="Rûpeleke ketober bar bike [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rûpeleke ketober</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Beşdarî" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Beşdarî" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beşdarî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Portala_kom%C3%AA" title="Agahdarî li ser projeyê, tu dikarî çi bikî, tu dikarî tiştan li ku bibînî"><span>Portala komê</span></a></li><li id="n-Dîwana-Wîkîpediyayê" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:D%C3%AEwan"><span>Dîwana Wîkîpediyayê</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya guhartinên dawî di vê wîkiyê de [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Guhartinên dawî</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE" title="Bersivên ji bo pirsên te."><span>Alîkarî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wîkîpediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensîklopediya azad" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg" width="112" height="14" style="width: 7em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:L%C3%AAger%C3%AEn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Lêgerîn</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" aria-label="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Taybet:Lêgerîn"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Lêgerîn</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Amûrên kesane"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav 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id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku" class=""><span>Bexş bike</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=%C3%8Eran" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=%C3%8Eran" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Têkeve</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zêdetir opsiyon" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amûrên kesane" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Amûrên kesane</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku"><span>Bexş bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=%C3%8Eran" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=%C3%8Eran" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Têkeve</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Rûpelên ji bo edîtorên derketî <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Gav%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" aria-label="Di derbarê guhartinê de zêdetir hîn bibe"><span>Zêdetir hîn bibe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyContributions" title="Lîsteyeke guhartinên ji vê IP adresê [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beşdariyên min</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Naverok" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Naverok</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dîrok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dîrok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dîrok</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dîrok-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Dîrok bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dîrok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pêşdîrok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pêşdîrok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pêşdîrok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pêşdîrok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serdema_antîk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serdema_antîk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Serdema antîk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serdema_antîk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Med_û_Pers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Med_û_Pers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Med û Pers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Med_û_Pers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Têkilîya_med_û_kurd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Têkilîya_med_û_kurd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Têkilîya med û kurd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Têkilîya_med_û_kurd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heyama_Helenîstîk_û_Selevkîdî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heyama_Helenîstîk_û_Selevkîdî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Heyama Helenîstîk û Selevkîdî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heyama_Helenîstîk_û_Selevkîdî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piştî_îslamê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piştî_îslamê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Piştî îslamê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piştî_îslamê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewleta_biweyhiyan_(955-1062)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewleta_biweyhiyan_(955-1062)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Dewleta biweyhiyan (955-1062)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewleta_biweyhiyan_(955-1062)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xanedana_Anûştigîniyan_(1077-1220/31)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xanedana_Anûştigîniyan_(1077-1220/31)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Xanedana Anûştigîniyan (1077-1220/31)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xanedana_Anûştigîniyan_(1077-1220/31)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Împeratoriya_Mongolan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Împeratoriya_Mongolan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Împeratoriya Mongolan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Împeratoriya_Mongolan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Îlxanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Îlxanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Îlxanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Îlxanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desthilata_Sefewiyan(1501-1736)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desthilata_Sefewiyan(1501-1736)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Desthilata Sefewiyan(1501-1736)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desthilata_Sefewiyan(1501-1736)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desthilata_Efşaran(1736-1747)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desthilata_Efşaran(1736-1747)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Desthilata Efşaran(1736-1747)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desthilata_Efşaran(1736-1747)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desthilata_Zendan(1747-1779)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desthilata_Zendan(1747-1779)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Desthilata Zendan(1747-1779)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desthilata_Zendan(1747-1779)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desthilata_Qacariyan(1779-1925)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desthilata_Qacariyan(1779-1925)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Desthilata Qacariyan(1779-1925)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desthilata_Qacariyan(1779-1925)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Axa_Mihemed_Xan(1779-1797)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axa_Mihemed_Xan(1779-1797)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.1</span> <span>Axa Mihemed Xan(1779-1797)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axa_Mihemed_Xan(1779-1797)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nesredîn_Şah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nesredîn_Şah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.2</span> <span>Nesredîn Şah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nesredîn_Şah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feth_Elî_Şah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feth_Elî_Şah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.3</span> <span>Feth Elî Şah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feth_Elî_Şah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nesredîn_Şah_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nesredîn_Şah_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.4</span> <span>Nesredîn Şah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nesredîn_Şah_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Xwepêşandana_Tûtinê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xwepêşandana_Tûtinê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.4.1</span> <span>Xwepêşandana Tûtinê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xwepêşandana_Tûtinê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mizeferedîn_Şah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mizeferedîn_Şah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.5</span> <span>Mizeferedîn Şah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mizeferedîn_Şah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Şoreşa_Makezagonî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Şoreşa_Makezagonî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13.6</span> <span>Şoreşa Makezagonî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Şoreşa_Makezagonî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desthilata_Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desthilata_Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Desthilata Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desthilata_Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reza_Şah_Pehlewî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reza_Şah_Pehlewî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.1</span> <span>Reza Şah Pehlewî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reza_Şah_Pehlewî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mihemed_Reza_Pehlewî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mihemed_Reza_Pehlewî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.2</span> <span>Mihemed Reza Pehlewî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mihemed_Reza_Pehlewî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avakirina_dewletên_Kurdistan_û_Azerbaycanê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avakirina_dewletên_Kurdistan_û_Azerbaycanê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.3</span> <span>Avakirina dewletên Kurdistan û Azerbaycanê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avakirina_dewletên_Kurdistan_û_Azerbaycanê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reforma_petrolê_û_operasyona_Ajaxê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reforma_petrolê_û_operasyona_Ajaxê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.3.1</span> <span>Reforma petrolê û operasyona Ajaxê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reforma_petrolê_û_operasyona_Ajaxê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Şoreşa_sipî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Şoreşa_sipî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.3.2</span> <span>Şoreşa sipî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Şoreşa_sipî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desthilata_Şoreşa_Îslamî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desthilata_Şoreşa_Îslamî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Desthilata Şoreşa Îslamî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desthilata_Şoreşa_Îslamî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pêvajoya_damezrandina_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pêvajoya_damezrandina_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.1</span> <span>Pêvajoya damezrandina Komara Îslamî ya Îran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pêvajoya_damezrandina_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vegera_Xûmênî_û_giştpirsîya_adara_1979ê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegera_Xûmênî_û_giştpirsîya_adara_1979ê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.1.1</span> <span>Vegera Xûmênî û giştpirsîya adara 1979ê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegera_Xûmênî_û_giştpirsîya_adara_1979ê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giştpirsiya_kanûna_pêşîn_1979ê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giştpirsiya_kanûna_pêşîn_1979ê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.1.2</span> <span>Giştpirsiya kanûna pêşîn 1979ê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giştpirsiya_kanûna_pêşîn_1979ê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêberê_Dînî_Ayetula_Xûmênî(kanûna_pêşîn,_1979-1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêberê_Dînî_Ayetula_Xûmênî(kanûna_pêşîn,_1979-1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.2</span> <span>Rêberê Dînî Ayetula Xûmênî(kanûna pêşîn, 1979-1989)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rêberê_Dînî_Ayetula_Xûmênî(kanûna_pêşîn,_1979-1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Ebulhesen_Benîsedr(25_çile_1980-20_xizîran_1981)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Ebulhesen_Benîsedr(25_çile_1980-20_xizîran_1981)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.2.1</span> <span>Serokkomar Ebulhesen Benîsedr(25 çile 1980-20 xizîran 1981)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Ebulhesen_Benîsedr(25_çile_1980-20_xizîran_1981)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Mihemed_Elî_Recaî(2_tebax_1981-30_tebax_1981)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Mihemed_Elî_Recaî(2_tebax_1981-30_tebax_1981)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.2.2</span> <span>Serokkomar Mihemed Elî Recaî(2 tebax 1981-30 tebax 1981)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Mihemed_Elî_Recaî(2_tebax_1981-30_tebax_1981)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Elî_Xamaney_(9_cotmeh_1981-4_xizîran_1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Elî_Xamaney_(9_cotmeh_1981-4_xizîran_1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.2.3</span> <span>Serokkomar Elî Xamaney (9 cotmeh 1981-4 xizîran 1989)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Elî_Xamaney_(9_cotmeh_1981-4_xizîran_1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêberê_Dînî_Elî_Xamaney(4_xizîran_1989-...)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêberê_Dînî_Elî_Xamaney(4_xizîran_1989-...)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.3</span> <span>Rêberê Dînî Elî Xamaney(4 xizîran 1989-...)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rêberê_Dînî_Elî_Xamaney(4_xizîran_1989-...)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Ekber_Haşimî_Refsencanî(16_tebax_1989-3_tebax_1997)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Ekber_Haşimî_Refsencanî(16_tebax_1989-3_tebax_1997)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.3.1</span> <span>Serokkomar Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî(16 tebax 1989-3 tebax 1997)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Ekber_Haşimî_Refsencanî(16_tebax_1989-3_tebax_1997)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Mihemed_Xatemî(3_tebax_1997-3_tebax_2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Mihemed_Xatemî(3_tebax_1997-3_tebax_2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.3.2</span> <span>Serokkomar Mihemed Xatemî(3 tebax 1997-3 tebax 2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Mihemed_Xatemî(3_tebax_1997-3_tebax_2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Mehmûd_Ehmedînecad(3_tebax_2005-3_tebax_2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Mehmûd_Ehmedînecad(3_tebax_2005-3_tebax_2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.3.3</span> <span>Serokkomar Mehmûd Ehmedînecad(3 tebax 2005-3 tebax 2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Mehmûd_Ehmedînecad(3_tebax_2005-3_tebax_2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serokkomar_Hesen_Rohanî(3_tebax_2013-...)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar_Hesen_Rohanî(3_tebax_2013-...)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.3.4</span> <span>Serokkomar Hesen Rohanî(3 tebax 2013-...)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar_Hesen_Rohanî(3_tebax_2013-...)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siyaset_û_rêvebirin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siyaset_û_rêvebirin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siyaset û rêvebirin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Siyaset_û_rêvebirin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Siyaset û rêvebirin bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Siyaset_û_rêvebirin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makezagona_Komara_Îslamî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makezagona_Komara_Îslamî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Makezagona Komara Îslamî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makezagona_Komara_Îslamî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maf_û_Jiyana_Jinan_li_Îranê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maf_û_Jiyana_Jinan_li_Îranê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Maf û Jiyana Jinan li Îranê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maf_û_Jiyana_Jinan_li_Îranê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêvebirina_Komara_Îslama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêvebirina_Komara_Îslama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rêvebirina Komara Îslama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rêvebirina_Komara_Îslama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makezagon-Doktrîna_Velayetî_Feqîh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makezagon-Doktrîna_Velayetî_Feqîh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Makezagon-Doktrîna Velayetî Feqîh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makezagon-Doktrîna_Velayetî_Feqîh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêberê_dînî-Rêvebirê_Velayetî_Feqîh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêberê_dînî-Rêvebirê_Velayetî_Feqîh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Rêberê dînî-Rêvebirê Velayetî Feqîh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rêberê_dînî-Rêvebirê_Velayetî_Feqîh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serokkomar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serokkomar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Serokkomar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serokkomar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meclîsa_Şuraya_Îslamî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meclîsa_Şuraya_Îslamî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Meclîsa Şuraya Îslamî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meclîsa_Şuraya_Îslamî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konseya_Parastina_Makezagonê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konseya_Parastina_Makezagonê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Konseya Parastina Makezagonê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konseya_Parastina_Makezagonê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konseya_Teşxîsa_Meslehetên_Pergalê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konseya_Teşxîsa_Meslehetên_Pergalê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>Konseya Teşxîsa Meslehetên Pergalê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konseya_Teşxîsa_Meslehetên_Pergalê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meclîsa_Pisporan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meclîsa_Pisporan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7</span> <span>Meclîsa Pisporan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meclîsa_Pisporan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konseya_Bilind_ya_Ewlehiya_Netewî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konseya_Bilind_ya_Ewlehiya_Netewî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.8</span> <span>Konseya Bilind ya Ewlehiya Netewî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konseya_Bilind_ya_Ewlehiya_Netewî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darêzgerî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darêzgerî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.9</span> <span>Darêzgerî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darêzgerî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hêzên_çekdarî_yên_Îranê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hêzên_çekdarî_yên_Îranê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hêzên_çekdarî_yên_Îranê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artêşa_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artêşa_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Artêşa Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artêşa_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hêzên_Întîzamî_yên_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hêzên_Întîzamî_yên_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Hêzên Întîzamî yên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hêzên_Întîzamî_yên_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artêşa_Pasdaran_ên_Şoreşa_Îslamî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artêşa_Pasdaran_ên_Şoreşa_Îslamî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artêşa_Pasdaran_ên_Şoreşa_Îslamî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wezareta_Parastin_û_Alîkarkirina_Hêzên_Çekdarî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wezareta_Parastin_û_Alîkarkirina_Hêzên_Çekdarî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Wezareta Parastin û Alîkarkirina Hêzên Çekdarî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wezareta_Parastin_û_Alîkarkirina_Hêzên_Çekdarî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Têkiliyên_derve_yên_Komara_Îslamî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Têkiliyên_derve_yên_Komara_Îslamî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Têkiliyên derve yên Komara Îslamî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Têkiliyên_derve_yên_Komara_Îslamî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tevgerên_dijrêjimî_û_etnopolîtîk_li_Îranê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tevgerên_dijrêjimî_û_etnopolîtîk_li_Îranê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Tevgerên dijrêjimî û etnopolîtîk li Îranê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tevgerên_dijrêjimî_û_etnopolîtîk_li_Îranê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monarşîxwaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monarşîxwaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Monarşîxwaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monarşîxwaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çepgir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çepgir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Çepgir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çepgir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tevgerên_etnopolîtîk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tevgerên_etnopolîtîk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Tevgerên etnopolîtîk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tevgerên_etnopolîtîk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tevgerên_kurdan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tevgerên_kurdan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.1</span> <span>Tevgerên kurdan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tevgerên_kurdan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tevgerên_belûçan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tevgerên_belûçan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.2</span> <span>Tevgerên belûçan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tevgerên_belûçan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tevgerên_ereban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tevgerên_ereban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.3</span> <span>Tevgerên ereban</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tevgerên_ereban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tevgerên_tirkên_Azerbaycanê_(azerî)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tevgerên_tirkên_Azerbaycanê_(azerî)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3.4</span> <span>Tevgerên tirkên Azerbaycanê (azerî)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tevgerên_tirkên_Azerbaycanê_(azerî)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erdnîgarî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erdnîgarî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erdnîgarî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erdnîgarî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dabeşkirina_Îranê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dabeşkirina_Îranê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dabeşkirina Îranê</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dabeşkirina_Îranê-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Dabeşkirina Îranê bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dabeşkirina_Îranê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parêzgehên_kurdnişîn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parêzgehên_kurdnişîn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Parêzgehên kurdnişîn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parêzgehên_kurdnişîn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêvebirina_îdarî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêvebirina_îdarî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rêvebirina îdarî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rêvebirina_îdarî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dîn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dîn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dîn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dîn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Dîn bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dîn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Misliman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misliman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Misliman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misliman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zerdeşt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zerdeşt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Zerdeşt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zerdeşt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Fele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cihû" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cihû"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Cihû</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cihû-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behayî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behayî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Behayî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behayî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelhe_û_ziman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelhe_û_ziman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gelhe û ziman</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gelhe_û_ziman-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Gelhe û ziman bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gelhe_û_ziman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gelên_Aryanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelên_Aryanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Gelên Aryanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelên_Aryanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelên_Turanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelên_Turanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Gelên Turanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelên_Turanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelên_Samî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelên_Samî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Gelên Samî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelên_Samî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelên_Qefqasî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelên_Qefqasî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Gelên Qefqasî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelên_Qefqasî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aborî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aborî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aborî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aborî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cewherên_binerd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cewherên_binerd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cewherên binerd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cewherên_binerd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perwerdahî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perwerdahî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Perwerdahî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perwerdahî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Çand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pirtûk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pirtûk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pirtûk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pirtûk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çavkanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çavkanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Çavkanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çavkanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Girêdanên_derve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Girêdanên_derve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Girêdanên derve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Girêdanên_derve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Îran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 287 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-287" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 287 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Џьамтәыла – abxazî" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Џьамтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abxazî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – açehî" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="açehî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – adîgeyî" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adîgeyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – afrîkansî" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrîkansî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – elmanîşî" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="elmanîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፋርስ – amharî" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፋርስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – aragonî" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persealand" title="Persealand – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Persealand" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – angîkayî" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيران – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܐܝܪܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܪܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيران – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيران" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইৰান – asamî" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইৰান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – astûrî" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – avarî" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irana" title="Irana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Irana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – awadhî" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – azerî" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – başkîrî" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başkîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – balînî" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irans" title="Irans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Irans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – belarusî" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – betawî" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – bulgarî" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – bîslamayî" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bîslamayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরান – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡི་ལང་། – tîbetî" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡི་ལང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tîbetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইরান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – bretonî" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%88" title="ᨕᨗᨈ – bugî" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨈ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – çeçenî" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sebwanoyî" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebwanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%82" title="ᎢᎴᏂ – çerokî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᎴᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="çerokî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئێران – soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranu" title="Iranu – korsîkayî" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Iranu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsîkayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Írán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – çuvaşî" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – weylsî" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="weylsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – danmarkî" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danmarkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sorbiya jêrîn" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorbiya jêrîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އީރާން – divehî" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އީރާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨི་རཱན་ – conxayî" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨི་རཱན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="conxayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ιράν – yewnanî" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιράν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yewnanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A0n" title="Iràn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Iràn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irano" title="Irano – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – fulahî" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulahî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gotarên baş"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – fînî" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – fîjî" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fîjî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – ferî" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – frîsiya bakur" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frîsiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – frîsî" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iar%C3%A1in" title="An Iaráin – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iaráin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ior%C3%A0n" title="Ioràn – gaelîka skotî" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ioràn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelîka skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – galîsî" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – guwaranî" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guwaranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="ईराण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ईराण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="ઈરાન – gujaratî" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈરાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Eeraan" title="Yn Eeraan – manksî" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Eeraan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – hawsayî" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hawsayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlana" title="ʻIlana – hawayî" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻIlana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="איראן – îbranî" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איראן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="îbranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – xirwatî" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xirwatî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sorbiya jorîn" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbiya jorîn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – haîtî" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – mecarî" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mecarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրան – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – înterlîngue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="înterlîngue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – îlokanoyî" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="îlokanoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ХӀиран – îngûşî" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиран" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="îngûşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – îdoyî" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="îdoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dran" title="Íran – îzlendî" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íran" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="îzlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="イラン – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/iran" title="iran – lojbanî" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="iran" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – javayî" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირანი – gurcî" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gurcî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%9Ban" title="Iṛan – kabîlî" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iṛan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Къажэрей – kabardî" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къажэрей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%C9%A9" title="Iranɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Iranɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – kîkûyûyî" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kîkûyûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់ – ximêrî" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ximêrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರಾನ್ – kannadayî" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80" title="이란 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – karaçay-balkarî" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaçay-balkarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایٖران – keşmîrî" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایٖران" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="keşmîrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – komî" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – kornî" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – kirgizî" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irania" title="Irania – latînî" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Irania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – ladînoyî" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladînoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – luksembûrgî" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – lezgînî" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – lîmbûrgî" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="lîmbûrgî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – lîgûrî" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lîgûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – lombardî" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – lingalayî" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ – lawsî" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lawsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranas" title="Iranas – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iranas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C4%81na" title="Irāna – latviyayî" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Irāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latviyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – madurayî" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – mokşayî" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokşayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A0na" title="Iràna – malagasî" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Iràna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAr%C4%81na" title="Īrāna – maorî" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īrāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – mînangkabawî" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mînangkabawî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – makedonî" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇറാൻ – malayalamî" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – mongolî" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯔꯥꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯔꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="इराण – maratî" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इराण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – maltayî" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiran" title="Eiran – mîrandî" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eiran" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mîrandî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အီရန်နိုင်ငံ – burmayî" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီရန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Иран Мастор – erzayî" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иран Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایرون – mazenderanî" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایرون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenderanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – napolîtanî" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – nedersaksî" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedersaksî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – nepalî" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – newarî" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – norwecî (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norwecî (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – norwecî (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norwecî (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߌߙߊ߲߫ – n’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌߙߊ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sotoyiya bakur" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotoyiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiik%CA%BCi_D%C3%A9%C3%ADbaal%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsiikʼi Déíbaalí Bikéyah – navajoyî" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiikʼi Déíbaalí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – çîçewayî" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="çîçewayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – oksîtanî" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksîtanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – oromoyî" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଇରାନ – oriyayî" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇରାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – osetî" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਈਰਾਨ – puncabî" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਈਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="puncabî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – pangasînanî" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasînanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – kapampanganî" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="kapampanganî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – papyamentoyî" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papyamentoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraen" title="Iraen – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Iraen" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraan" title="Eraan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Eraan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – polonî" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – peştûyî" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="peştûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="gotara bijartî"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A3" title="Irã – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – keçwayî" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçwayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – romancî" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – rundî" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – aromanî" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – kînyariwandayî" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kînyariwandayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – sanskrîtî" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ираан – yakutî" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ираан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakutî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱨᱟᱱ – santalî" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱨᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sardînî" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sicîlî" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – skotî" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – sindhî" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – samiya bakur" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="samiya bakur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sangoyî" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – taşelhitî" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taşelhitî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢီႇရၢၼ်း – şanî" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢီႇရၢၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="şanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉරානය – kîngalî" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉරානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="kîngalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – seraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – slovenî" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – samoayî" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – samiya înarî" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="samiya înarî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – şonayî" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="şonayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iiraan" title="Iiraan – somalî" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Iiraan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – elbanî" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="elbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sirananî" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sirananî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Irani" title="I-Irani – swazî" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="I-Irani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sotoyiya başûr" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotoyiya başûr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroan" title="Iroan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iroan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – sundanî" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uajemi" title="Uajemi – swahîlî" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uajemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – silesî" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈரான் – tamîlî" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇరాన్ – telûgûyî" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇరాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telûgûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraun" title="Iraun – tetûmî" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Iraun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetûmî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эрон – tacikî" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacikî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศอิหร่าน – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอิหร่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ኢራን – tigrînî" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኢራን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%BDran" title="Eýran – tirkmenî" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eýran" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="tirkmenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron" title="Iron – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iron" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlaani" title="ʻIlaani – tongî" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻIlaani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – tokpisinî" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tokpisinî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – tirkî" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – tarokoyî" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarokoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – tsongayî" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsongayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – teterî" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="teterî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – tumbukayî" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – tuvanî" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – udmurtî" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئىران – oygurî" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىران" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oygurî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – urdûyî" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eron" title="Eron – ozbekî" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – venîsî" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – viyetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="viyetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lir%C3%A4n" title="Lirän – volapûkî" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lirän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapûkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – walonî" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – warayî" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – wolofî" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – çîniya wuyî" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="çîniya wuyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIran" title="IIran – xosayî" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIran" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ირანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="איראן – yidîşî" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איראן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yidîşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cr%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Ìránì – yorubayî" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìránì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yorubayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – zhuangî" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⵔⴰⵏ – amazîxiya fasî" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵔⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazîxiya fasî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Irani" title="I-Irani – zuluyî" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Irani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eran" title="Li rûpela naverokê binêre [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Gotar</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Got%C3%BBb%C3%AAj:%C3%8Eran" rel="discussion" title="Gotûbêj li ser rûpela naverokê [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Varyanta zimanî biguhêre" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kurdî/کوردی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-ku mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&variant=ku" lang="ku" hreflang="ku"><span>Kurdî/کوردی</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-ku-Arab mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&variant=ku-arab" lang="ku-Arab" hreflang="ku-Arab"><span>Tîpên erebî</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-ku-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&variant=ku-latn" lang="ku-Latn" hreflang="ku-Latn"><span>Tîpên latînî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Dîtin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eran"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=history" title="Guhartoyên berê yên vê rûpelê [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qutiya amûran" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qutiya amûran</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Amûr</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aksiyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eran"><span>Bixwîne</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit" title="Vê rûpelê biguhêre [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit" title="Koda çavkaniya vê rûpelê biguhêre [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=history"><span>Dîrokê bibîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Giştî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Gir%C3%AAdan%C3%AAn_li_ser_vir/%C3%8Eran" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên ku pê ve girêdayî ne [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Girêdanên li ser vê rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:RecentChangesLinked/%C3%8Eran" rel="nofollow" title="Guhartinên dawî di rûpelên ku ji vê rûpelê ve hatine girêdan de [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Guhartinên têkildar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ku" title="Dosyeyan bar bike [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Wêneyekî bar bike</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:SpecialPages" title="Lîsteya hemû rûpelên taybetî [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Rûpelên taybet</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&oldid=1861986" title="Lînka daîmî yê ji bo vê revizyona rûpelê"><span>Girêdana daîmî</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=info" title="Bêhtir agahî di derbarê vê rûpelê de"><span>Agahiyên rûpelê</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CiteThisPage&page=%C3%8Eran&id=1861986&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Agahdariya li ser qalkirina rûpelê"><span>Qalkirina rûpelê bibîne</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%258Eran"><span>URLya kurt çêke</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fku.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%258Eran"><span>Koda QRyê daxîne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çap bike/derxîne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:DownloadAsPdf&page=%C3%8Eran&action=show-download-screen"><span>Wek PDF daxe</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Guhartoya çapkirinê ya vê rûpelê [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Guhartoya çapkirinê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di projeyên din de </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794" title="Girêdana ji hêmana eleqedar yê di embara daneyan de re [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Hêmana Wîkîdaneyê</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Amûrên rûpelê"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Xuyakirin</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ji Wîkîpediya, ensîklopediya azad.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1118761">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:24em; font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><span class="fn org country-name">Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</span><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><span class="fn org country-name"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span lang="fa"><i>جمهوری اسلامی ايران</i></span><br /><small>Jomhuri-ye Islāmi-ye Irān</small></span></span></div></th> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><table style="text-align:center;width:100%;background:none;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaya Îran"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/125px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/188px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/250px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;width:auto;vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mertala Îran"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Alaya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Alaya Îranê"> Ala</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;">Mertal</td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;"><b>Dirûşm: </b><span lang="fa"> استقلال. آزادی. جمهوری اسلامی </span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:81%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_faris%C3%AE" title="Zimanê farisî">farisî</a>)</span> <br /><small style="font-size:85%;"><i>Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi</i></small><br />("Serbixwebûn, Azadî, Komara Îslamî")</td> </tr><tr> <td class="anthem" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;"><b>Sirûd: </b><span lang="fa">"سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران"</span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:81%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_faris%C3%AE" title="Zimanê farisî">farisî</a>)</span><br /><small style="font-size:85%;"><i>Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān</i></small><br /><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="58" data-mwtitle="Sorud-e_Mellí-e_Yomhurí-e_Eslamí-e_Irán_(instrumental).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=kge&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kge" label="Kumoring ‪(kge)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ro&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română ‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding:0.6em 0 0.3em;text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Iran_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;"></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="3" style="padding:0.6em 0 0.3em;text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Iran_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Iran_map.png/250px-Iran_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Iran_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;"></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Paytext</b><br />û bajarê mezin</td><td><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:85%;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=ku&pagename=%C3%8Eran&params=35_41_N_51_25_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Nexşe, wêneyên hewayî û daneyên din jî ji bo vê cihê"><span class="latitude">35°41′Bk</span> <span class="longitude">51°25′Ra</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Nexşe, wêneyên hewayî û daneyên din jî ji bo vê cihê">35.683°Bk 51.417°Ra</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.683; -51.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;">Zimanên fermî</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_faris%C3%AE" title="Zimanê farisî">Farisî</a></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%AAn_etn%C3%AEk%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Komên etnîkî">Komên etnîkî</a></b> (2015)</td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1138414">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faris" class="mw-redirect" title="Faris">Faris</a> 54%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Azer%C3%AE_(gel)" title="Azerî (gel)">Azerî</a> 16%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">Kurd</a> 10%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lur%C3%AE" title="Lurî">Lurî</a> 6%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mazenderan%C3%AE_(gel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazenderanî (gel)">Mazendaranî</a> 4%</li><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AElek%C3%AE_(gel)" title="Gîlekî (gel)">Gîlekî</a> 3%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ereb%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Erebî">Erebî</a> 3%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Belu%C3%A7%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Beluçî">Beluçî</a> 2%</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tirkmen" class="mw-disambig" title="Tirkmen">Tirkmen</a> 2%</li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Rêveberî</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam">Komara îslamî</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Serokê dînî</td> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%AE_Xamin%C3%AAy%C3%AE" title="Elî Xaminêyî">Elî Xaminêyî</a> (سید علی خامنه‌ای)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Serkomar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%BBd_Peze%C5%9Fkiyan" title="Mesûd Pezeşkiyan">Mesûd Pezeşkiyan</a> (مسعود پزشکیان)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="3">Avakirin</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Sazkirina Komara Îslamî</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1%C3%AA_n%C3%AEsan%C3%AA" title="1ê nîsanê">1ê nîsana</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979an</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Rûerd</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Giştî</td> <td>1.873.959 km<sup><small>2</small></sup></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Av (%)</td> <td>0,7</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Gelhe</th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">2017 Texmînkirin</td> <td>79.966.230</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1.0em;padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> • </td> <td style="padding-left:0;">Tîrbûn</td> <td>48/km<sup><small>2</small></sup>}</td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">Dirav</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Riyal%C3%AA_%C3%8Eran%C3%AE" title="Riyalê Îranî">Riyal</a> </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Koda telefonê</th> <td>0098</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Koda_welat_di_desthilata_asta-jor%C3%AEn" class="mw-redirect" title="Koda welat di desthilata asta-jorîn">Înternet TLD</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/.ir" title=".ir">.ir</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Îran</b> an jî <b>Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</b> (bi <a href="/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_faris%C3%AE" title="Zimanê farisî">farisî</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جمهوری اسلامی ایران</span>‎, <small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AEpguh%C3%AAziya_lat%C3%AEn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Tîpguhêziya latînî">lat.</a> </small><i><span title="farisî transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Jomhuri-ye Islāmi-ye Irān</span></i>) welatekî rojavayê <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asyayê</a> e. Îran ji aliyê bakurê rojava ve bi sinorên dewletên wekê <a href="/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye">Tirkiye</a> û <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> li aliyê rojava ve <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Qezw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Deryaya Qezwînê">Deryaya Qezwînê</a> û <a href="/wiki/Tirkmenistan" title="Tirkmenistan">Tirkmenistan</a> ji aliyê bakur ve <a href="/wiki/Efxanistan" title="Efxanistan">Efxanistan</a>, li aliyê rojhilat ve <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, li aliyê başûrê rojhilat ve bi <a href="/wiki/Kendava_Oman%C3%AA" title="Kendava Omanê">Kendava Omanê</a> û bi <a href="/wiki/Kendava_Fars%C3%AA" title="Kendava Farsê">Kendava Farsê</a> re sinorê welêt parvedike. Ji aliyê etnîkî ve welat bi rêjeyeke zêde ji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gel%C3%AAn_Fars%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelên Farsê (rûpel hê tune)">farsan</a> pêk tê û bi nifûsekî nezîkî 90 milyon kesan li ser rûerdekî bi qasî 1.648.195 kîlometre çargoşe dijîn. Îran di asta nifûs û rûerdê de yek ji welatên herî mezinê cîhanê ye ku 17em welatê herî mezinê cîhanê ye. Herwiha, Îran şeşemîn welatê herî mezinê parzemîna Asyayê e û yek ji welatan e ku ku gelek çiya û rêzçiyayayan vedihewîne. Îran bi fermî komarekê îslamî ye ku nifûsa Îranê bi piranî ji <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Şiîtî">misilmanê şiî</a> pêk tê. Welat ji 5 herêman û ji 31 parêzgehan pêk tê. Bajarê <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehranê</a> paytexta welat e û bajarê herî mezin ê welat e. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezheb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezheb (rûpel hê tune)">Mezhebê</a> fermî yê Îranê <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AE%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Şîî">şîî</a> û zimanê fermî jî <a href="/wiki/Faris%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Farisî">farisî</a> ye. </p><p>Bi dirêjahiya dîrokê rola jeostratejîka Îranê giring bûye. Sedema vê giringiyê jî cihê wê li navenda <a href="/wiki/Ewrasya" title="Ewrasya">Ewrasyayê</a> ye. Îran yek ji damezrêner û endamên <a href="/wiki/Netewey%C3%AAn_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE" title="Neteweyên Yekbûyî">Neteweyên Yekgirtî</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Welat%C3%AAn_Al%C3%AEnegir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welatên Alînegir (rûpel hê tune)">Welatên Alînegir</a> û <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">Rêxistina Welatên hilberînerê Petrolê</a> (OPEC) ye. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nav">Nav</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Nav" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nav"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peyva <i>Îran</i>ê bi koka xwe ji peyva <a href="/wiki/Aryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryan">Aryanê</a> re nêzîk e û ramana wê <i>welatê Aryanan</i> e. Hêjayê gotinê ye ku peyva <i>Îraq</i> anko <i>Îrak</i> a cîranê Îranê ye jî, bi koka xwe ve bi heman peyvê re têkildar e. </p><p>Di dîrokê da navê Aryanan û Parsiyan bi giştî ji bo wan herêman li kar bû ku niha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%AE_a_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banî a Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Banî a Îranê</a> pêktînin. Lê bikaranîna peyvên mîna Arî, Arya û Aryanayê li Îranê ji bo demên berî <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAxember" title="Pêxember">pêxemberê</a> îranî <a href="/wiki/Zerde%C5%9Ft" title="Zerdeşt">Zerdeşt</a> tê gotin. Lê Zerdeşt bi eslê xwe kurde. Ev nav di <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avestayê</a> da (xeyîn ji parên ku dibêjinê <a href="/wiki/Gat" title="Gat">Gat</a>) hatine misogerkirin. Rengê ramana <i>Ayîrya</i>ê tiştekê nêzîkî <i>necîb</i>, <i>paqij</i> an <i>bilind</i> e. <i>Ayîrya daînhava</i> bi ramana <i>welatê Ariyan</i> û <i>Ayîryan Vaç</i> bi raman <i>welatê kok ê Ariyan</i> ve girêdayî ye, ji wê hatiye. </p><p>Heta 1934ê jî Îran wek Persia dihate nas kirin. Reza Şah Pehlewî ev nav ji bo ku Qacarî û dîroka reş ya herêmê tîne hizra mirov, guherand û bi fermanekê navê nû wek <i>Îran</i> da pejirandin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dîrok"><span id="D.C3.AErok"></span>Dîrok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dîrok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Dîrok"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEroka_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Dîroka Îranê">Dîroka Îranê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pêşdîrok"><span id="P.C3.AA.C5.9Fd.C3.AErok"></span>Pêşdîrok</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Pêşdîrok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pêşdîrok"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devera dîrokî ya ku Îrana îroyîn pêk tîne ji serdemeke pir kevn ve bûye qada jîngeheke mirovan. Her çend di derheqê demên <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AA%C5%9Fd%C3%AErok" title="Pêşdîrok">pêşdîrokî</a> yên Îranê de agahî kêm bin jî, tê zanîn ku li Başûrê Îranê di <a href="/wiki/Paleol%C3%AEt%C3%AEk" title="Paleolîtîk">Paleolîtîkê</a> de mirov dijiyan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serdema_antîk"><span id="Serdema_ant.C3.AEk"></span>Serdema antîk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serdema antîk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Serdema antîk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Med_û_Pers"><span id="Med_.C3.BB_Pers"></span>Med û Pers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Med û Pers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Med û Pers"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heyama <a href="/wiki/Med" title="Med">Med</a>, ku piştî bêdengiya şaristaniya Elam dest pê kir, bû sedem ku Iran di dîroka cîhanê de derkeve pêş. Med qebîleyek naskirî ya hind û ewropî ya <a href="/wiki/Serdema_hesin%C3%AE" title="Serdema hesinî">Serdema hesinî</a> ne. Ne diyar e ku ew îro ji ku hatine, û ew ne kesek xwedan xwendin bûn ji ber ku wan nivîs bikar neanî.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaya2015167_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaya2015167-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Median_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Median_Empire.jpg/220px-Median_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Median_Empire.jpg/330px-Median_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Median_Empire.jpg/440px-Median_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>Împeratoriya Medî li <a href="/wiki/Rojhilata_Nav%C3%AEn" title="Rojhilata Navîn">Rojhilata Navîn</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:PLATE2BX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PLATE2BX.jpg/220px-PLATE2BX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PLATE2BX.jpg/330px-PLATE2BX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/PLATE2BX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Medî li gor wêneyekî almanî (li dora 1860-80)</figcaption></figure> <p>Medî, yên ku êlên li intoranê anîn yekbûnek siyasî ya xurt û kirin ku ew di jîyana sîyasî ya herêmê de rol bilîzin, dibe ku di dawîya sedsala 13-an ya Berî Zayînê de bi <a href="/wiki/Qefqasya" title="Qefqasya">Qefqasya</a> ketine erdnîgariya Iranê û li başûrê <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Qezw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Deryaya Qezwînê">Deryaya Qezwînê</a>. Mediyên ku piştre dest bi belavbûnê kirin, hebûna xwe li Rojavaya Başûr û bi piranî li navenda bajare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ektabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ektabat (rûpel hê tune)">Ektabat</a> domandin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002130_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002130-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaya2015168_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaya2015168-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:ParthianCataphract.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ParthianCataphract.JPG/220px-ParthianCataphract.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ParthianCataphract.JPG/330px-ParthianCataphract.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ParthianCataphract.JPG/440px-ParthianCataphract.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Siwarê zirxî şêr nêçîr dike (<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Museum (rûpel hê tune)">British Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Têkilîya_med_û_kurd"><span id="T.C3.AAkil.C3.AEya_med_.C3.BB_kurd"></span>Têkilîya med û kurd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Beşê biguhêre: Têkilîya med û kurd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Têkilîya med û kurd"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Êl û hozên Medan yekemcar di deverên di navbera Hemadan û Kirmanşaha îroyîn li başûrê rojhilata Kurdistanê -ku dilê Medya bû- bi cîh bûn. Di tomarên Asûrî de ev dever bî "Medaya" dihat nav kirin. Medan komeke koçber bûn. Wek gelên namzed din yên hind û ewropî; faris, ermen û efxanî di Rojhilata Navîn dijiyan. </p><p>Medan di serî de, ji başûrê welatê xwe ve, li başûrê rojhilatê Kurdistanê û paytexta wan, Hemedan (Ekbatana kevnar) welatê xwe berfireh kirin, pîşt re, ber çiyayên Zagros û deverên rojavayê zozanên Îran û rojhilatê Anatoliya'yê çûn. </p><p>Kurdên îroyîn bi zimanek wek zimanê medî, ango, bi zimanek hind û ewropî ya şaxê îranî diaxivin. Bi têgihînek bêtir sînordar, zimanê kurdên hevdem zimanek ji şaxa zimanên îranî yê bakûr-rojavayê malbata zimanên hind û ewropî ye ku medan jî di nav vî şaxê de ye. Lê herwiha gilakî, mazenderanî, tat, talîş û belûç hemû dikevin şaxa zîmanê medan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:%C3%87avkan%C3%AE" title="Alîkarî:Çavkanî"><span title="Ji vê îdiayê re çavkaniyên pêbawer hewce ye. (adar 2024)">çavkanî hewce ye</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Heya nêzîkê heşt sedsalan berê, wê deverê li başûrê rojhilatê Kurdistanê hîn wekî Mah (ango, Medya) dihata binav kirin. </p><p>Di rastiyê de, hê jî hin êl û eşîrên kurdên hevdem bi şêwazên pêşkeftî yên navê Med an jî Mad digirin hene. Wek Meywandlu, Meymand, Mamand, û Mafi. Bestên herî mezin a li wê tevahiya herêmê hîn jî bi nav "Mahî Deşt" bi wateya "Deşta Medan" tê gazîkirin. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg/220px-Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg/330px-Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg/440px-Median_Empire_Map_2222.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1247" /></a><figcaption>Nexşeya dewleta Medan</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Hexameni%C5%9F%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Hexamenişî">Împeratoriya Hexamenişî</a> Di dîroka kevin da ew emperatorî mezintirîn, xurttirîn û berfirehtirîn emperatorî bûye. Li deman demekê, desthilata wê li aliyê rojhilatê digehişt <a href="/wiki/Efxanistan" title="Efxanistan">Efxanistan</a> û <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistana</a> niha, li aliyê Bakurê rojhilatê digehişt <a href="/wiki/Asyaya_Nav%C3%AEn" class="mw-redirect" title="Asyaya Navîn">Asyaya Navîn</a>, li aliyê Bakurê Rojhilat digehişt peravên <a href="/wiki/Deryaya_Re%C5%9F" title="Deryaya Reş">Deryaya Reş</a>, li rojava digehişt tevaya <a href="/wiki/Anatol%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolî">Anatolî</a> û parek ji <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEvgizirta_Balkan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Nîvgizirta Balkanê">nîvgizirta Balkanê</a>, tevaya welatên rojhilata navîn mîna <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Îraq">Îraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBr%C3%AE" title="Sûrî">Sûrî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordin">Ordin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libnan" title="Libnan">Libnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felest%C3%AEn" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Felestîn">Felestîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%AEl" class="mw-redirect" title="Israîl">Israîl</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEvgizirta_Ereb%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Nîvgizirta Erebî">nîvgizirta Erebî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misir" title="Misir">Misir</a> û parek ji <a href="/wiki/Welat" title="Welat">welatê</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEbya" title="Lîbya">Lîbyayê</a>. Rûberê emperatorî ya Hexamenişiyan nêzî 7.5 - 8.5 milyon kîlometirên çargoşe bû. </p><p>Ev împeratorî wekî serhildanekê dijberî împeratorî ya Mîdiyan hat avakirin û bi qasekî xurt û bihêz bû ko du caran nêzîk bû tevaya <a href="/wiki/Yewnanistana_Kevn" class="mw-redirect" title="Yewnanistana Kevn">Yewnanistana Kevn</a> bigirt. Li dawiyê jî liser destê <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eskender%C3%AA_Mezin" title="Îskenderê Mezin">Îskenderê Mezin</a> herifya. Leşkirê Îskender paytextê Hexamenişiyan, <a href="/wiki/Persepol%C3%AEs" class="mw-redirect" title="Persepolîs">Persepolîs</a> anko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parse (rûpel hê tune)">Parse</a> şewitand. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Persian_Empire,_490_BC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Persian_Empire%2C_490_BC.png/300px-Persian_Empire%2C_490_BC.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Persian_Empire%2C_490_BC.png/450px-Persian_Empire%2C_490_BC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Persian_Empire%2C_490_BC.png/600px-Persian_Empire%2C_490_BC.png 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption> Împeratoriya Hexamenişî 490 BZ</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heyama_Helenîstîk_û_Selevkîdî"><span id="Heyama_Helen.C3.AEst.C3.AEk_.C3.BB_Selevk.C3.AEd.C3.AE"></span>Heyama Helenîstîk û Selevkîdî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Beşê biguhêre: Heyama Helenîstîk û Selevkîdî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Heyama Helenîstîk û Selevkîdî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Hexameni%C5%9F%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Hexamenişî">Împeratoriya Hexamenişî</a>, ku serweriya xwe heya Hindistanê saz kir, dema ku Padîşahê Makedonyayê <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eskender%C3%AA_Mezin" title="Îskenderê Mezin">Îskenderê Mezin</a> dewleta xwe li herêma ku heya Hindistanê dirêj dibe ava kir. Îskender, <a href="/wiki/Pers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pers">Pers</a> dawîd di navdar de Empiremparatoriya Faris ji dîrokê wêran kir. Hingê Îskender ji herêmê vekişiya, rêveberiya axên Axa ji fermandarên xweyên mezin re hişt. Îskender jî çanda Helenîst anî broughtranê. Bi <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Rom%C3%AA" title="Împeratoriya Romê">Împeratoriya Romê</a> serweriya li ser <a href="/wiki/Rojhilata_Nav%C3%AEn" title="Rojhilata Navîn">Rojhilata Navîn</a> bi hevra <a href="/wiki/Anatolya" title="Anatolya">Anatolya</a> di salên paş-Mesîhî de, hem çanda Helenîst û hem jî bandorên ji Farisan dê li van herêman biqedin. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1650764/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:466px;max-width:466px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:c">Artêşa partan</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:ParthianHorseman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/ParthianHorseman.jpg/258px-ParthianHorseman.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/ParthianHorseman.jpg/387px-ParthianHorseman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/ParthianHorseman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tîrevan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Madama,_Torino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Madama, Torino (rûpel hê tune)">Palazzo Madama, Torino</a>)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG/200px-Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG/300px-Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG/400px-Zahhak_castle_stucco_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1740" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Serbazek ji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qalat_Zahhak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qalat Zahhak (rûpel hê tune)">Qalat Zahhak</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Azerbaycan_muzeyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azerbaycan muzeyi (rûpel hê tune)">Azerbaycan muzeyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tewr%C3%AAz" title="Tewrêz">Tewrêz</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Piştî Îskender, herêma Iran, yek ji fermandarên wî <a href="/wiki/Seleukos_I_Nikator" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleukos I Nikator">Seleukos I Nikator</a>. Gava Seleukos paytexta xwe bar kirâ <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBr%C3%AE" title="Sûrî">Sûrî</a>, be <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eam" title="Şam">Şam</a> kir. Di encama imparatoriya seleukos de hemî hêza xwe li ser tixûbên rojava derbas kir û rojhilat paşguh kir, parêzgehên rojhilat dest bi tevgera serbixwe ji navendê kirin, û ji van parêzgehan, serokê <a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fkan%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Eşkanî">Eşkanî</a> eşîr li dewleta Eşkanîyan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asacres (rûpel hê tune)">Asacres</a> piştî ku li dijî Selevkiyan serî hilda û êlên din di bin serokatiya wî de kir yek, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_E%C5%9Fkan%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Eşkanî">Împeratoriya Eşkanî</a> ava kir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piştî_îslamê"><span id="Pi.C5.9Ft.C3.AE_.C3.AEslam.C3.AA"></span>Piştî îslamê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Beşê biguhêre: Piştî îslamê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Piştî îslamê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewleta_biweyhiyan_(955-1062)"><span id="Dewleta_biweyhiyan_.28955-1062.29"></span>Dewleta biweyhiyan (955-1062)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dewleta biweyhiyan (955-1062)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Dewleta biweyhiyan (955-1062)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gava ku sê Mîrîtiyên Buwayhid-ê yên yekbûyî bûn yek, dewlet xurttir bû. Gava Adudüddevle, yê ku dewlet yek kir, mir, di 983-an de dîsa tevlihevî çêbû. Wî di sala 1029 de Mehmûdê Gaznî yek ji Büveyhoğulları, ku bû du şax, veqetand. Di dema Adud al-Daula de, gelek mizgeft û nexweşxane li welêt hatin avakirin. Vana di encama <a href="/wiki/Mongol%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolî">Mongolî</a> de hatin rûxandin. Fermandarên Tirk ên Buveyhiogullari li <a href="/wiki/Bexda" title="Bexda">Bexda</a> carinan li dijî Buveyhogullari serî hildan. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Dailam_soldier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dailam_soldier.jpg/200px-Dailam_soldier.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dailam_soldier.jpg/300px-Dailam_soldier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dailam_soldier.jpg/400px-Dailam_soldier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Lêskerekî Buweyhi</figcaption></figure> <p>Ji ber vê sedemê, şaxê din ê Buveyhioğulları dest bi lawazbûnê kir. Xelîfeyê Abbasî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaim_Abassi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaim Abassi (rûpel hê tune)">Kaim Abassi</a>, ku dixwest ji bin zordariya Buveyhiogullari xelas bibe, ji Siltanê Mezin ê Selçûqî Tuğrul Bey alîkarî xwest. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu%C4%9Frul_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuğrul Bey (rûpel hê tune)">Tuğrul Bey</a> di dema gera xwe ya <a href="/wiki/Bexda" title="Bexda">Bexda</a> di 1055-an de şerê Buveyhiogullari kir û têkçûnek giran li wan kir. Tuğrul Bey, ku hukumdarê Büveyhioğulları dîl girt, dawî li vê dewletê anî. Di dema Büveyihoğulları de gelek xebatên mîmarî jî hatine çêkirin. Büveyhioğulları xanedaniyek e ku li beşek diyarkirî ya erdên Îran, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a> û <a href="/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye">Tirkiye</a> serdest bû. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xanedana_Anûştigîniyan_(1077-1220/31)"><span id="Xanedana_An.C3.BB.C5.9Ftig.C3.AEniyan_.281077-1220.2F31.29"></span>Xanedana Anûştigîniyan (1077-1220/31)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xanedana Anûştigîniyan (1077-1220/31)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Xanedana Anûştigîniyan (1077-1220/31)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_(42486914261).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_%2842486914261%29.jpg/220px-Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_%2842486914261%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_%2842486914261%29.jpg/330px-Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_%2842486914261%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_%2842486914261%29.jpg/440px-Il-Arslan_Mausoleum_%2842486914261%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3351" data-file-height="4758" /></a><figcaption>Aramgeha xwarezmşah Îl Arslan</figcaption></figure> <p>Li vê parêzgehê, ku ji hêla parêzgarên ku ji navendê di bin Dewleta <a href="/wiki/Selc%C3%BBq%C3%AE" title="Selcûqî">Selcûqîya</a> Mezin de li herêma Xwarezmîyan hatine tayîn kirin de, jiyana azad di dema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anu%C5%9F_Tekin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anuş Tekin (rûpel hê tune)">Anuş Tekin</a> de dest pê kir. Ew di serdema de, ku di 1128an de wekî parêzgarê Xwarezmê hate tayîn kirin, nîv-serxwebûnê bi dest xist.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurê Aladîn <a href="/wiki/Celaled%C3%AEn%C3%AA_R%C3%BBm%C3%AE" title="Celaledînê Rûmî">Celaleddîn Rumî</a> li <a href="/wiki/Mongol" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> li <a href="/wiki/Efxanistan" title="Efxanistan">Efxanistan</a> şer kir û ber bi başûr ve vekişiya û bi derbasbûna ket <a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a>. Piştî ku <a href="/wiki/Ceng%C3%AEz_Xan" title="Cengîz Xan">Cengîz Xan</a> vegeriya <a href="/wiki/Mongolya" title="Mongolya">Mongolya</a>, Celaledîn vegeriya Îran û ji <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> kete <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a> û Atabeylikên <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eldeniz%C3%AE" title="Îldenizî">Îldenizî</a> di 1225 de hilweşand. Wî bir <a href="/wiki/Tebr%C3%AEz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tebrîz">Tebrîz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armanca mirovên ku ji <a href="/wiki/Mongol" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> direvin û giregirên Harzem penaber bûn li <a href="/wiki/Anatoliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatoliya">Anatoliya</a> bû. Lêbelê, berjewendiyên siyasî bûn sedema hilweşandina serdestiya Khwarezm. Herweha, tê fikirîn ku kes û giregirên ku bi xanedaniyê re hatine bi Selçûqiyan re tevlihev bûne.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Împeratoriya_Mongolan"><span id=".C3.8Emperatoriya_Mongolan"></span>Împeratoriya Mongolan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Beşê biguhêre: Împeratoriya Mongolan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Împeratoriya Mongolan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1122241">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Beşa_vala plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Ev beş hê vala ye.</b> <br /> Tu dikarî <a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=">lê zêde bikî</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">adar 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Îlxanî"><span id=".C3.8Elxan.C3.AE"></span>Îlxanî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Beşê biguhêre: Îlxanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Îlxanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Elxan%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Îlxanî (rûpel hê tune)">Îlxanî</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg/375px-Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Ala Îlxaniyan</figcaption></figure> <p>Îlxanî xanedaneke mongolî bû, wekî sedsala 13an de bûne Misilman. Împeratoriya wan ji navbera salan 1256–1335, ku carinan tevahiya Îran, Mezopotamya û perçeyên mezin ên Asya Navîn û Anatolya ketine detê împeratoriyê. Îlxanî bi paytext xwe Tebrîz ji hêla generalên Hulegû, neviyek Cengîz Xan ve hate damezrandin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desthilata_Sefewiyan(1501-1736)"><span id="Desthilata_Sefewiyan.281501-1736.29"></span>Desthilata Sefewiyan(1501-1736)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Beşê biguhêre: Desthilata Sefewiyan(1501-1736)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Desthilata Sefewiyan(1501-1736)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Dewleta_Sefewiyan" title="Dewleta Sefewiyan">Dewleta Sefewiyan</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo,_dated_1552-1568.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Shah_Ismail_I._Inscribed_%22Ismael_Sophy_Rex_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="993" /></a><figcaption>Şah Smayîl</figcaption></figure> <p>Li 1473yê di navbera Osmanîyan û Aqqoyunîyan şerek li Erzîncanê rûda. Di encama wî şerî de Aqqoyunî ji rojhilatê Anatolyayê hatin derxistin. Her wisa ev yekem car jî bû ku kurd bûn du parçe ku yek parçe li nav Osmanîyan ma, yek parçe jî li nav Îranê ma. Bingeha parçebûna welatê kurdan li vî şerê bi navê Otluqbelî destpê dike. </p><p>Piştî Aqqoyunî ji Anatolyayê hatin derxistin hêza xwe gelek winda kir. Wî wextî jî li bajarê Erdebîlê terîqeta Sefewîyan mezintir dibû. Serokê vê terîqetê Şêx Sefîyudîn bû. Şêx Sefîyudîn nevîyê Fîruz Şahe ku Fîruz Şah bi eslê xwe kurdekê ji Yemenê ye, koçî Azerbaycanê kiribû û malbata wî entegre bibû çanda azerîyan<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Li sala 1501ê de şerek di navbera Aqqoyuniyan û Siltan Îsmaîl de qewimî. Di encama wî şerî de desthilata Aqqoyunî ya li Tebrîzê hate xerab kirin. Îsmaîl şûna emîrên Aqqoyunî hikûmraniya xwe da dest pê kirin. Xwe wek Şahê Îranê da binav kirin û şahitiya xwe li gor çar bingehan damezrand: </p> <ol><li>Siyaset: Îsmaîl li gor şecerekê ku ji aliyê bapîrên wî ve hatiye amade kirin, xwe wek neviyê Îmam Elî dihesiband</li> <li>Terîqet: Îsmaîl xwe wek Murşidê Kamil yê terîqeta Sefewî dihesiband. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku damezrînerê vê terîqetê Şêx Sefyeddînê Erdebîlî bû</li> <li>Teşeyyû(şîekirin): Îsmaîl di yekem roja ragihandina şahitiya xwe de Şîetî kir mezhebê fermî yê dewletê. Ferman da ku êdî di xutbeyan de navê 12 îmamên Şîe bên xwendin û lenet li 3 xelîfeyên berî Elî bê kirin</li> <li>Îranîbûn: Îsmaîl dixwast li axa qedîm ya Îranê de dewleteke yekgirtî ava bike û çanda Îranê zindî bike<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Şah Îsmaîl kesek Tirkê Azerî bû ku gelek caran helbestên xwe bi tirkî dinivîsand. Şah Îsmaîl di rêvebirina dewletê de alîkarî ji heft êlên Tirkan werdigirt; Şamlo, Rûmlo, Tekelo, Ustaclo, Qacar, Efşar û Zulqedîr. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku piştî binemala Sefewiyan, desthilata Îranê ket di bin destê binemalên Efşarî û Qacariyan de. Şah Îsmaîl mirovekê şîeperest bû, ji ber vê jî dijîtîya wî li dijî sunîyan pir xurt bû. Bi taybetî li wê demê Dewleta Osmanî hebû ku dewleteke sunî bû, her wisa di navbera dewleta Osmaniyan û Sefewî de jî eşîretên Kurdan hebûn ku pirraniyan wan sunî bûn. Ji ber vê sedema sunîbûna Kurdan Şah Îsmaîl gelek zordarî li Kurdan dikir û polîtikayên taybet ji herêmên Kurdan dimeşand. Em dikarin li ser sê xalan siyaseta Şah Îsmaîl a dijî Kurdan aşkere bikin: </p> <ol><li>Nehiştina desthilata serdarên xwecih ên Kurd, di cihê wan de danîna serdarên Qizilbaş bi eşîretên wan ve</li> <li>Naçarkirina xelkê navöeyên dagirkirî yên Kurdistanê ji mezhebê sunî û çûyîna wan a li ser mezhebê caferî <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eieya_Danzdeh_%C3%8Emaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Şieya Danzdeh Îmaman">Şieya Danzdeh Îmaman</a></li> <li>Ji bo tirsandina xelkê bikaranîna şîdeteke hişk û bêdengkirina bêmerhemetî ya her awa berxwedan û serhildanê<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Ev helwestên Şah Îsmaîl di nav du komên mezin ên rojhilata navîn de tovên dijminiyê çand. Di navbera dinyaya Sunnî û Şîe de, her wisa di navbera Kurd û Eceman(Tirkên Şîe-Azerî) de dijminiya bi sedsalan destpê kir. Zilm û zordariya Şah Îsmaîl li ser gelên sunî bi taybetî jî Kurdan bû sedema şer di navbera Osmaniyan û Sefewiyan de. Li deşta <a href="/wiki/%C3%87aldiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Çaldiran">Çaldiranê</a> hêzên Osmaniyan û Sefewiyan şer kir û di encamê de heta Tebrîzê welatê Kurdan ket bin destê Osmaniyan. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku her çend gelek eşîrên Kurd li gel Osmaniyan bin jî, hejmareke zêde ya eşîrên Kurdan jî li gel Sefewiyan bûn. </p><p>Şah Îsmaîl bo kurdan mirovekê durist nebû. 11 serokeşîrên kurd hatibûn cem wî ku dilsoziya xwe nîşanî wî bidin lê wî ev serokeşîr hemû zindanî kirin. Runiştecihên kurdan kir bin destê hikûmdarên azeriyan de. Bi vî şeklî dijminî hêdî hêdî di navbera kurd û eceman de berdewam kir<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li aliyê rojava Osmaniyan tehdît li desthilata Sefewiyan dikir, her wisa li rojhilatê Îranê jî Ozbekan ku bixwe sunî ne, tehdît li desthilata Sefewiyan dikir. Şah Îsmaîl ji bo ku rojhilatê welat biparêze, eşîra Kurd a bi navê Qeremanlo li Xorasanê bicîh kir. Her wisa Şah Tehmasbê kurê Şah Îsmaîl jî gelek hozên Kurd ê bi navên Zengene, Çegnî, Zeyg û Kelhurî veguhestin sinorên Ozbekan yanî li Xorasanê.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di navbera salên 1533 û 1553ê de 20 salan Osmaniyan û Sefewiyan şer kir. Di van şeran de Osmaniyan bi alikariya Kurdan gelek herêmên Sefewiyan jê standin. Di dawiya vî şerî de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hevpeymana_Amasya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hevpeymana Amasya (rûpel hê tune)">Hevpeymana Amasyayê</a> hate destnîşan kirin. Aliyên vê hevpeymanê <a href="/wiki/Siltan_Sil%C3%AAman%C3%AA_Qan%C3%BBn%C3%AE" title="Siltan Silêmanê Qanûnî">Siltan Silêmanê Qanûnî</a> û Şah Tehmasb bûn. </p><p>Piştî Şah Tehmasb gelek şah bi wextekê kin hatin guhertin. Di dawiyê de Şah Ebbas bû şahê nû. Di dema desthilata Şah Ebbas de gelek guherînên demografîk li Kurdistanê hatin kirin. Gelek zordarî li hoz û êlên Kurdan hatin. Ji bo mînak serhildana <a href="/wiki/Em%C3%AErxan_Lepz%C3%AAr%C3%AEn" title="Emîrxan Lepzêrîn">Emîrxan Lepzêrîn</a> di dewra Şah Ebbas de rûda bû. Bi taybetî li herêma Urmiyê guherînên gelek girîng hatin kirin. Hoza mezin ya Eceman Efşar li Urmiyê hatin bicîh kirin. Êlên Efşarî yên li Urmiyê hatin bicîhkirin ev in; êla Kunduzlo li melbenda Dolê, Êla Qerqelo li melbenda Rewzeyê, êla Kuhkelo li melbenda Nazloyê, eşîra Îmanlo li derdora bajarê Urmiyê, êla Arşlo li Şino û Seldozê, eşîra Qasimlo li Sayînqelayê hatin bi cîh kirin<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desthilata_Efşaran(1736-1747)"><span id="Desthilata_Ef.C5.9Faran.281736-1747.29"></span>Desthilata Efşaran(1736-1747)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Beşê biguhêre: Desthilata Efşaran(1736-1747)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Desthilata Efşaran(1736-1747)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Painting,_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet,_oil_on_canvas,_probably_Tehran,_1780s_or_1790s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg/220px-Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg/330px-Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg/440px-Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>Nadir Şahê Efşarî</figcaption></figure> <p>Li sala 1736ê dewleta Sefewiyan hate rûxandin û binemala Efşariyan bi rêberiya Nadir Şah desthilata xwe daxuyand. Ev binemal bi eslê xwe tirk in û her wekî sefewiyan vê binemalê jî gelek zilm û zordarî li kurdan kir. Nadir Şah ji ber tirsa ozbekên sunî, gelek kurd şandin rojhilatê îranê ku îranê biparêzin<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desthilata_Zendan(1747-1779)"><span id="Desthilata_Zendan.281747-1779.29"></span>Desthilata Zendan(1747-1779)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Beşê biguhêre: Desthilata Zendan(1747-1779)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Desthilata Zendan(1747-1779)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piştî mirina Nadir Şah li sala 1747ê li Îranê kaos peyda bû. Di nav vê kaosê de kurdekê bi navê Kerîm Xan Zend, desthilata xwe îlan kir. Ji sala 1750 heta 1779ê desthilata wî berdewam kir. Bi xiyanetekê desthilata wî jî hate rûxandin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desthilata_Qacariyan(1779-1925)"><span id="Desthilata_Qacariyan.281779-1925.29"></span>Desthilata Qacariyan(1779-1925)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Beşê biguhêre: Desthilata Qacariyan(1779-1925)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Desthilata Qacariyan(1779-1925)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Dewleta_Qacariyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewleta Qacariyan">Dewleta Qacariyan</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Desthilata Qacariyan li sala 1780 heta sala 1921ê bi derbeya leşkerî dewam kir. Li sala 1921ê de ji aliyê <a href="/wiki/Riza_%C5%9Eah" class="mw-redirect" title="Riza Şah">Riza Şah</a> ve darbeyek li Îranê çêbû û desthilata Îranê ket bin destê Riza Şah.Li sala 1925ê jî desthilata malbata Qacariyan bi dawî anî. Şahê dawiyê yê Qacariyan <a href="/wiki/Ehmed_%C5%9Eah%C3%AA_Qacar" title="Ehmed Şahê Qacar">Ehmed Şahê Qacar</a> çû <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AEs" title="Parîs">Parîsê</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:AhmadShahQajar2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/AhmadShahQajar2.jpg/220px-AhmadShahQajar2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/AhmadShahQajar2.jpg/330px-AhmadShahQajar2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/AhmadShahQajar2.jpg/440px-AhmadShahQajar2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4284" /></a><figcaption>Ehmed Şahê Qacar</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Axa_Mihemed_Xan(1779-1797)"><span id="Axa_Mihemed_Xan.281779-1797.29"></span>Axa Mihemed Xan(1779-1797)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Beşê biguhêre: Axa Mihemed Xan(1779-1797)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Axa Mihemed Xan(1779-1797)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desthilata Qacariyan bi rêberiya Axa Mihemed Xan ve hate ava kirin û gelek kes ji eşîra Zendan û têkildarî vê eşîrê kuştin <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qacarî ji çend eşîran pêk tê. Di navbera salên 1780 û 1790an de bajêrên Îranê yek yek bidest xistin. Li sala 1786an de bajarê Tehranê dagir kirin û ew der wek paytextê xwe îlan kirin. Li sala 1796an de jî Malbata Qacariyan ava kirin. Êdî li Îranê desthilata malbata Qacariyan destpê dike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nesredîn_Şah"><span id="Nesred.C3.AEn_.C5.9Eah"></span>Nesredîn Şah</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Beşê biguhêre: Nesredîn Şah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Nesredîn Şah"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piştî mirina Axa Mihemed Xan Dewleta Qacariyan ji aliyê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesred%C3%AEn_%C5%9Eah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesredîn Şah (rûpel hê tune)">Nesredîn Şah</a> ve dihate rêve birin. Dewlet xwediyê 9 wezaretan bû. 5 wezaret li ser kaxezê hebûn û 4 wezaret jî her çend bi aktîf kar kiribin jî burokrasîya zêde mezin di dewleta Qacariyan da nebû. 4 wezaretên aktîf; Wezareta Şer, Wezareta Darayî, Wezareta Dadê û Wezareta Karên Derve bû. </p><p>Mîrektiyên kurd Erdelan û Mukrî di dema Nesredîn Şah de hatin rûxandin </p><p>Wezareta Karên Derve li çend dewletên derve berpirsiyar hebûn, di nav wan de Îstanbul, Parîs, Washington hebû </p><p>Wezareta Darayî dema destpêka dewleta Qacariyan welat wek 38 herêmên bacê parve kiribû lê li salên 1910an de ev herêmên bacê kiribûn 18. Ji bo bac komkirinê li her herêmê <i>mustavfi</i>yek dihate hilbijartin. Mustavfî bi alikariya serokeşîrên herêmê bacên herêmê kom dikir û dibir Tahranê. </p><p>Wezareta şer 8 hezar peyadeyan bû 5 hezar ji wan topavêj bûn û xwedî 4 topan bûn. 3 hezar jî ji <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AEwaya_Qazaxan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lîwaya Qazaxan (rûpel hê tune)">Lîwaya Qazaxan</a> bû. Fermandeyê Liwaya Qazaxan ji Rusî bû. Leşkerên Liwaya Qazaxan hindek ji eşîra Şahseven bûn, hindek jî penaberên Tirk bûn ku ji Rusî revîbûn û hatbûn Erîvanê<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lê bi dûçûna wezareta şer ew xwedî 200 hezar leşkeran bûn. Lê 200 hezar leşker, leşkerên eşîrî bûn û her yêk xwedî serokeşîrekî bûn. Ji bo ji biryarên Hikûmeta Qacariyan bêhtir biryarên serokeşîran girîngtir bûn<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Wezareta Dadê bêhtir li ser sûcên dijî dewletê kar dikir. Wek din gelek kar û barên têkiliyê edaletê li her herêmekê ji aliyê eşîran ve çareser dibû. </p><p>Ulemayên dewra Qaacariyan xweser bûn. Bacek bi navê Hums ji xwe re kom dikirin. Her wisa zekat jî kom dikirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Feth_Elî_Şah"><span id="Feth_El.C3.AE_.C5.9Eah"></span>Feth Elî Şah</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Beşê biguhêre: Feth Elî Şah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Feth Elî Şah"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avabûna dînê <a href="/wiki/Baha%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahaî">Bahaî</a> di dewra Qacaryan de ye. Ticarekê Şîrazî li sala 1840an de xwe wek derekî dide nasîn ku di wî derî de Îmam Mehdî dê borît. Piştî vê ev ticar tê darve kirin. Mirîdên wî li sala 1852an de sûîkastekê li dijî Nesredîn Şah pêk tînin. Lê hemû tên girtin, wek zindiq tên binav kirin û ceza dikin. Gelek zanayên vî dînî direvin nav Osmaniyan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nesredîn_Şah_2"><span id="Nesred.C3.AEn_.C5.9Eah_2"></span>Nesredîn Şah</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Beşê biguhêre: Nesredîn Şah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Nesredîn Şah"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li sala 1880ê de li Şemzînanê <a href="/wiki/Serhildana_%C5%9E%C3%AAx_Ubeydelay%C3%AA_Nehr%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Serhildana Şêx Ubeydelayê Nehrî">Serhildana Şêx Ubeydelayê Nehrî</a> ber bi axa Qacariyan ve rû da. Qacariyan bi alikariya dewleta Osmaniyan Şêx Ubeydela bêdeng kir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Xwepêşandana_Tûtinê"><span id="Xwep.C3.AA.C5.9Fandana_T.C3.BBtin.C3.AA"></span>Xwepêşandana Tûtinê</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Beşê biguhêre: Xwepêşandana Tûtinê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Xwepêşandana Tûtinê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li sala 1891ê, ji ber rêvebirina xerab ya Nesredîn Şah bû sedema serhildaneke mezin. Şahê Îranê gelek maf dabûn şirketên İngilîzan ku tûtina Îranê çê bikin û ticareta wê bikin. Li dijî vê xelkê Îranê rabûn ser xwe. Her wisa melayên Şîeyan jî bi fetwayan piştgiriya gelê xwe kirin. Li ser van bûyeran Şah naçar ma û li sala 1892yê ev mafê daye ingilîzan betal kir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mizeferedîn_Şah"><span id="Mizefered.C3.AEn_.C5.9Eah"></span>Mizeferedîn Şah</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Beşê biguhêre: Mizeferedîn Şah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Mizeferedîn Şah"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di 28ê gulana 1901ê de di navbera ticarekê ingilîz bi navê William Knox D'Arcy û Muzaffereddîn Şah de hevpeymaniyeke bi navê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hevpeymana_%C3%8Emtiyaz%C3%AA_ya_D%27Arcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hevpeymana Îmtiyazê ya D'Arcy (rûpel hê tune)">Hevpeymana Îmtiyazê ya D'Arcy</a> îmze kirin. Bi dûçûna vê hevpeymanê ; </p> <ol><li>Ji bilî 5 parêzgehên bakurê Îranê, li Îranê heqê petrolê 60 sal e</li> <li>Di avabûna yekemîn tesîsa şîrketê de 20 hezar sterlîn pare û bihayê 20 hezar sterlîna jî pişk dê were dayîn bo hikumeta Îranê. Her wisa salane %16e ji qezencê şîrketê dê were dayîn</li> <li>Dema hevpeymana 60 salî xelas dibe, hemû materyal û tesîsên şîrketê dê bibin malê dewletê <sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ol> <p>Her wisa di dema lêgerîna petrolê de diz û çeteyên herêmê şîrketa petrolê gelek caran aciz dikir. Ji ber vê jî şîrketê li gel eşîrên herême bi taybetî Bextiyariyan pêkhatin. Ji bo ku ev eşîr ewlehiya herêmê biparêzin %3 pişka qezenca şîrket distandin. Lê ev pişk jî dema Şah Reza de bû malê dewletê. Hevpeymana D'Arcy heta şoreşa Îslamî di navbera Îran û Ingîlîzan de dibe sedema pirsgirêkan. Piştî lêgerînên şîrketê, petrol li sala 1908ê de li Mescîda Silêman hate peyda kirin. 14ê nîsana 1909ê de jî Anglo-Persian Oil Company hate damezrandin. Lê ji ber girîngiya petrolê ji bo artêşa Îngîlîzan, Îngîlîzan dest dana ser şîrketê û %55 pişk ji şîrketê kir malê dewleta Îngîlîzan. Li sala 1912ê de jî di gemiyan de şûna komirê, berhemekê petrolê fuel oil hate bikaranîn. Ev pêngav ji bo îngîlîzan, petrola Îranê binirxtir kir. Êdî Îran ji Îngîlîzan wek Hindistanê dibe welateke girîng. </p><p>Berî ku Şoreşa Makezagonî were îlam kirin sê aliyên Îranê hatibûn dagir kirin. Li aliyê Başûr Brîtanya, aliyê bakur Rûsî, aliyê rojava ve jî Osmaniyan Îran dagir kiribûn. Li zivistana 1905ê hêzên Osmaniyan fersend ji kaosa di nav Îranê de dît û ji Makû, Urmiye heta Seqizê xistin bin kontrola xwe de. Brîtanya û Rûsî ji van pêngavên Osmaniyan gelek aciz bûn û givaşeke mezin li ser Osmaniyan çêkirin ku Osmanî vekêşin. Li sala 1908ê de Osmaniyan bi alîkariya eşîrên kurd heta <a href="/wiki/Mehabad" class="mw-disambig" title="Mehabad">Mehabadê</a> dagir kirin. Lê li sala 1911ê de bi givaşa rûsan, Osmanî ji ji herêmên kurdî yên Îranê derket. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Şoreşa_Makezagonî"><span id=".C5.9Eore.C5.9Fa_Makezagon.C3.AE"></span>Şoreşa Makezagonî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Beşê biguhêre: Şoreşa Makezagonî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Şoreşa Makezagonî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Parliamenttehran1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Parliamenttehran1906.jpg/220px-Parliamenttehran1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Parliamenttehran1906.jpg/330px-Parliamenttehran1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Parliamenttehran1906.jpg/440px-Parliamenttehran1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="1383" /></a><figcaption>Parlamena Îranê ya yekem</figcaption></figure> <p>Di hezîrana 1906ê de bi rêberiya Seyîd Evdilla Behbehanî û Seyîd Muhemmed Tabatabayî hezar xwendavanên medreseyan protestoyek lidarxistin. Dixwastin ku li Îranê maf û hiquqa bidad were bicîh kirin. Eger gotina wan neyê cîh, dê xizmetên dînî werin rawestandin. Her wisa ticar û esnafên Îranê jî grevek giştî dan destpê kirin. Ev her du rûdan hêdî hêdî ber bi şoreşekê ve diçû. Bi hêza ticar, dînzana û rewşenbîrên Îranî di tebaxa 1906an de ji aliyê Muzeffereddîn Şah li Îranê şoreşa makezagonî hate kirin. Dû vê jî çiriya pêşîn a 1906ê de meclîsa Îranê hate vekirin. Di meclîsê de ji 60an bêhtir ticar û esnaf, 25 dînzana û nêzî 50 kesan ji axa, rewşenbîr û karmend hebûn. Ev endam bi du fraksiyonan dihatin temsîl kirin; Mutedîlî û Lîberal. Bi vê şoreşê zimanê Îranê yê fermî bû Farisî û Şîîtî jî li Îranê bû dînê fermî. Di civata wezîran de wezaretî tenê ji bo şîîyan hate destnîşan kirin. Piştî Muzeffereddîn Şah, kurê wî Muhemmed Elî Şah bû serokê dewletê. Bi serokatiya xwe mecbûr ma û makezagon pejirand. Di heman salê de Îngîlîzan û Rûsan hevpeymanek destnîşan kir û bi dûçûna vê hevpeymanê Îranê kirin sê parçe.Bakurê Îranê ket bin desthilata Rûsan, başûrê Îranê ket bin destê Îngîlîzan de û navenda îranê jî wek herêmeke bêalî hat qebûl kirin. Bi vê hevpeymanê hebûna meclîsê hate binpê kirin, tenê Şah hate nasîn, ev jî bû sedema krîzê. Muhemmed Elî Şah bi vê rûdanê bi alikariya liwaya Qazakan derbeya leşkerî kir. Meclîs hate girtin, parlamenter hatin binçav kirin. Piştî van bûyeran şerekê navxweyî li Îranê derket. Şah bi alikariya liwaya Qazakan her der dixist bin destê xwe. Mixalifan jî bi alikariya partiya taşnak ya ermeniyan, bextiyariyan û karsazên mazenderanê berevaniya xwe kir. Di encamê de mixalifan dest dana ser îdareyê. Şûna Muhemmed Elî Şah, kurê wî yê 12 salî bû <a href="/wiki/Ehmed_%C5%9Eah%C3%AA_Qacar" title="Ehmed Şahê Qacar">Ehmed Şahê Qacar</a> bû şahê nû. Liwaya Qazakan her wekî xwe ma. Meclîsa duyem di mijdara 1910an de hate vekirin. Lê her çend meclîsa duyem û piştî vê jî meclîsa sêyem vebe jî, rêvebirin di kaosekê de bû. Her kesekê bihêz li herêmekê hikûm dikir. Di vê kaosê de Dewleta Rusî notayek li dijî hikûmdariya Qacariyan weşand ku 3 daxwazên wan hebûn;derkirina nûnerên amerîkî, erêkirina Rûsan dema nûnerek ji dewletek din bê Îranê û xwestina mesrefên leşkerên Rusî ên li Îranê. Piştî vê meclîsa Îranê kom bû. Parlementerê Azerbaycanê <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%AAx_Mihemed_Xiyaban%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şêx Mihemed Xiyabanî (rûpel hê tune)">Şêx Mihemed Xiyabanî</a> li dijî vê notayê li meclîsê axiftineke kir. Bi tesîra vê axiftinê meclîsê notaya Rûsan nepejirand. 24ê mijdara 1914ê parlamena Îranê ji aliyê Şah ve hate girtin. Jixwe paşî <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_c%C3%AEhan%C3%AA_y%C3%AA_yekem" class="mw-redirect" title="Şerê cîhanê yê yekem">şerê cîhanê yê yekem</a> destpê kir. Osmanî heta Tebrîzê hatin û ev der xistin bin hikûmê xwe de.Osmaniyan li <a href="/wiki/Hekar%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekarî">Hekarîyê</a> bi alikariya hindek eşîrên Kurdan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastur%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasturî (rûpel hê tune)">Nasturî</a> ji Hekariyê derxistin û çûn bo aliyê Urmiyê û Selmasê. Wan navberan Împeretoriya Rusî bi fermî Îranê dagir dike. Bi alikariya Rûsan Nasturiyên Cîloyê herêma Urmiyê heta Selmasê dagir dikin. Lê kuştina serokê Nasturiyan ji aliyê <a href="/wiki/Simkoy%C3%AA_%C5%9Eikak" title="Simkoyê Şikak">Simkoyê Şikak</a> ve hêza Nasturiyan dişkê û cardîn dikeve bin destê Îranê. Bi dûçûna dîroknasê Ermenî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ervand_Abrahamian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ervand Abrahamian (rûpel hê tune)">Ervand Abrahamian</a> Osmaniyan alikariya <a href="/wiki/Simkoy%C3%AA_%C5%9Eikak" title="Simkoyê Şikak">Simkoyê Şikak</a> dikir da ku şer li dijî ermenî, siryanî û leşkerên Îranê bikin<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku di vî wextî de fraksiyonên meclîsê mutedîlî û demokratan li Kirmanşanê hikûmeteke netewî ava kiribûn. Her wisa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeprem_Xan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeprem Xan (rûpel hê tune)">Yeprem Xanê</a> serokê partiya taşnakê ku ermenî ne, li vir hate kuştin. Lê hikûmeta netewî bi dagirkirina İngilîzan li sala 1916ê de ket. </p><p>Her çend li nava Îranê ev rûdan çêdibin li nav dewletên wek Rûs û Brîtanyayê de jî parvekirina Îranê bi hindek peymanan sînorên wan tên bellî kirin. Li 31ê tebaxa sala 1907ê de di navbera İngilîz û Rûsan de hevpeymanek hate destnîşan kirin. Bi dûçûna wê hevpeymanê Îran wiha parve dikin; Îran bi dê bibe sê parçe parçeyek cihê rûsan, yek y3e ingilîzan ê di nava herduyan de jî wek bêteref dê bimîne. Rûsya dê li navçeyên hemî Azerbaycan, Xorasan, Gurgan, Mazenderan, Gîlan, Erak, Qûm, Sawe, Yezd, Naîn, Îsfehan, Birûcerd, Tehran, Qezwîn, Zencan, Hemedan, Kirmaşan, Kurdistan û Qesrê Şîrîn xwedî nifûz be. Brîtanya dê li navçeyên; Kirman, Bîrcend, Sîstan, Belûcistan, qeraxên Gewriya Hirmûz, Çahbehar û Benderê Ebbas xwedî nifûz be. Herêmên bêteref jî Qaynat, Xuzistan, Fars, Loristan, Çarmehalê Bextiyarî û Buşehr. Wekî tê dîtin li Îranê êdî nifûza Osmaniyan dişikê û nifûza İngilîz û Rûsan destpê dike. Jixwe heta salên 1950an jî ev welatên han li ser siyaseta Îranê de dibin xwediyê nifûzeke mezin. Her wisa tê dîtin ku li Rojhilata Kurdistanê de dagirkerî û nifûza Rûsyayê dibe xwedî tesîreke mezin. Jixwe <a href="/wiki/Komara_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Komara Kurdistan">Komara Kurdistanê</a> di bin vê nifûzê de şîn dibe. Di temamê Îranê de hêzbûna Rûsyayê xuya ye. Her wisa Brîtanya jî hem ji bo ewlehiya Hindistanê hem jî ji ber cewherên binerd yên Îranê li başûrê Îranê dibe xwedî bandor. Ev peyman di destpêka <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Yekem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Yekem">Şerê Cîhanî yê Yekem</a> hate pêkhate kirin û ev herêm ji aliyan van dewletan ve hatin dagir kirin. Lê li sala 1917ê de li Rûsyayê ji aliê Bolşevîkan ve <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_Cotmeh%C3%AA" title="Şoreşa Cotmehê">Şoreşa Cotmehê</a> pêkhat û Sovyetan dagirgirina xwe ya li Îranê û Rojhilata Navîn sekinandin. Di vê navberê de li Rojhilatê Kurdistanê <a href="/wiki/Serhildana_Simkoy%C3%AA_%C5%9Eikak" title="Serhildana Simkoyê Şikak">Serhildana Simkoyê Şikak</a> destpê kir. Simko Axa bajarên Urmiyê, Selmas û Mehabad rizgar kir û li vir hikûmraniya xwe da destpê kirin. Lê piştî berdewamiya 2-3 salên desthilatiyê Simko Axa ber bi axa Osmaniyan ve revî. Heta ku 1929ê vegerî welat û li Şinoyê tê kuştin. </p><p>Di vê kaosê de Îranê hewceyî bi hizûr û rêvebirineke nû heye, deng û nerazîbûn zêde dibin hem di nav gel de hem jî di nav bûrokratan de. 21ê sibata 1921ê de Liwaya Qazaxan bi serdariya Reza Xan ji Qazvîn çûn Tahranê. Tahran dagir kirin û dest danî ser rêvebiriya Îranê.Serkeftînên Reza Pehlewî popûlarîteya wî li Îranê zêde dikir. Di dawîyê de dawîya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serhildana_%C5%9E%C3%AAx_Xezal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serhildana Şêx Xezal (rûpel hê tune)">Serhildana Şêx Xezal</a> anî. Heta sala 1925ê rêvebirina hikûmetê dikir. Desthilata malbata Qacariyan destpê dikir lê sala 1926ê de ev desthilata malbata Qacariyan bi dawî anî û xwe wek Şahê Îranê îlan kir. </p><p>Desthilata Reza Şah dawî li desthilata malbatên Tirk tîne û desthilata fars-netew destpê dike. Nivîskarê tirk ê Azerbaycanê Cemîl Hasanlu vê bûyerê bi vî awayî neqil dike; Desthilata Tirkan a hezar salî li Îranê bi awayeke xerab bi dawî dibe<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desthilata_Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)"><span id="Desthilata_Pehlewiyan.281925-1979.29"></span>Desthilata Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Beşê biguhêre: Desthilata Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Desthilata Pehlewiyan(1925-1979)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Xanedana_Pehlewiyan" title="Xanedana Pehlewiyan">Xanedana Pehlewiyan</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reza_Şah_Pehlewî"><span id="Reza_.C5.9Eah_Pehlew.C3.AE"></span>Reza Şah Pehlewî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Beşê biguhêre: Reza Şah Pehlewî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Reza Şah Pehlewî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Reza-shah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Reza-shah.jpg/220px-Reza-shah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Reza-shah.jpg/330px-Reza-shah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Reza-shah.jpg/440px-Reza-shah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Reza Şah Pehlewî</figcaption></figure> <p>Reza Şah dema hatiye ser rêvebirina dewletê, dewlet di halekê ne-navendî de bû. Hkûmeteke merkezî tune bû û li her derê kesekê bihêz ew der birêve dibir. Li Kurdistanê rêvebirin û nerazîbûna <a href="/wiki/Simkoy%C3%AA_%C5%9Eikak" title="Simkoyê Şikak">Simkoyê Şikak</a> hebû li dijî desthilata Qacariyan, li Tebrîzê serhildanên Xiyabanî, li Gîlanê Xanê Biçûk û cengeliyan hwd. hebûn. Reza Şah ji ber van sedeman, artêşa xwe bihêz kir û ev rêvebirin û serhildanên herêmî jinav birin. Reza Şah Pehlewî dewleta xwe ber bi modernîzasyonekê ve dibir. Navên Erebî hemû kirine Farisî, navê dewletê guherand, her wisa paşnavê xwe jî ku îrana kevn tîne bîra mirov, wek pehlewî binav kir. Leşkeriya mecbûr ragihand û bi vê hêza dewletê mezintir lêhat. </p><p>Di encama şoreşa cotmehê ya li rûsî, sala 1921ê Partiya Komûnîst a Îran hate avakirin. Vê partiyê heta sala 1931ê xebatên xwe dewam kirin û ji aliyê Reza Şah ve hate girtin<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di dema Qacariyan de ji bilî pişka hikûmeta Îranê, şîrketa petrolê ji ewlehiya herêmê %3 pişk jî da bû eşîrên Bextiyarî û hindek eşîrên Ereban. Şah Reza ev pişka petrolê jî kir malê dewletê. Her wisa li sala 1932an de pişka Îranê ya petrolê her çend %16 be jî, li vê salê li gor salên din kêm pare hate dayîn bo Îranê. Ev jî bû sedema pirsgirêkê di navbera Şah Reza û Îngîlîzan de. Ji ber vê 28ê gulana 1933ê de hevpeymaneke nû di navbera wan de hate destnîşan kirin. Bi vê hevpeymanê pişka Îranê bû %20 û her wisa hevpeyman ji 60 salên din jî hate dirêj kirin <sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Her wisa navê şîrketê jî wek "Anglo-Iranian Oil Company" hate guherandin. Piştî dahatên dewletê zêde bûn; Reza Şah rê çêkirin, artêşa hewayî bi firokeyan bihêztir kir. Reza Şah ewqas ber bi modernîzasyonê ve çû ku heta peçe û cilûbergên dînî hemî qedexe kirin û kulavê fotr mecbûr kir. </p><p>Di desthilata Reza Pehlewî de reformên neteweyî jî dihatin kirin. Bo mînak li sala 1935ê de Ferhengîstan, akademiyeke zimanê Farisî hate vekirin ku armanca wê ew bû ku zimanê farisî ji zimanê erebî û biyanî were paqij kirin ji layê peyvan ve. Lê ev siyaset her çend destpê kiribe jî dewam nekir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mihemed_Reza_Pehlewî"><span id="Mihemed_Reza_Pehlew.C3.AE"></span>Mihemed Reza Pehlewî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Beşê biguhêre: Mihemed Reza Pehlewî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Mihemed Reza Pehlewî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Mohammad_Pahlavi_Coronation_(cropped_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mohammad_Pahlavi_Coronation_%28cropped_version%29.jpg/220px-Mohammad_Pahlavi_Coronation_%28cropped_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mohammad_Pahlavi_Coronation_%28cropped_version%29.jpg/330px-Mohammad_Pahlavi_Coronation_%28cropped_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Mohammad_Pahlavi_Coronation_%28cropped_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Mihemed Reza Pehlewî û malbata wî</figcaption></figure> <p>Li sala 1935ê li Meşhedê Mollayekê Şîî li dijî Şahê Îranê weezek da û rûdanên bixwîn li vir derketin ji sed kesan bêhtir mirov li vî bajêrî dînî ji aliyê leşkerên şahî ve hatin kuştin. Van kuştina li dijî desthilata Îranê pirsgirêkên mezin ava kiribûn. Paşî <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Duyem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem">Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem</a> jî destpê kiribû. Her çend Îran di vî şerî da bêteref xwe îlan kiribe jî, ji ber erdnigariya îranê ya stratejîk ji welatên şerker, Îran jî bû cihê hêznîşandanê. Li sala 1941ê İngilîzan başûrê Îranê, Sovyetan jî bakurê Îranê dagir kir. Dagirkirina Sovyetan bi alikariya Azerbaycana Sovyet re hatiye kirin. Bûrayê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heyder_Eliyev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heyder Eliyev (rûpel hê tune)">Heyder Eliyevê</a> serokkomarê kevn yê Azerbaycanê Ezîz Eliyev serokê mîsyona Sovyetan bû ku wê çawan Azerbaycanê Îranê dagir bikin<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Jixwe ev bûyer ta niha jî tesîrê li têkiliyên Îran û Azerbaycanê dike. Wek dema Qacariyan, Îran dîsa bû sê parçe. Parçeyê navendî jî ji bo dewleta Îranê ma. Bi vê dagirkirinê <a href="/wiki/Reza_%C5%9Eah" title="Reza Şah">Reza Şah</a> ji kar hate dûrxistin.Hate sirgûnkirin li welatê Afrîkaya Başûr û li wir jî mir. Şûna wî, kurê wî <a href="/wiki/Muhemmed_Reza_Pehlew%C3%AE" title="Muhemmed Reza Pehlewî">Muhemmed Reza Pehlewî</a> bû desthilatê nû yê Îranê. Lê di dema Muhemmed Reza da dewleta Îranê di bin tesîrên dewletên İngîlîzan û Sovyetan de bû. Tesîra Şah li ser hikûmetê kêm mabû. Rêvebirina dewletê ji bo hikûmet û meclîsê hêla bû. </p><p>Li sala 1941ê de meclîsa 14emîn hate ava kirin. Di vê meclîsê de çar fraksiyonên sereke hebûn; Fraksiyona Azadî,fraksiyona eşaîrî, fraksiyona îtîhadî millî û fraksiyona mîhan. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku serokê fraksiyona eşaîrî serokeşîrê kelhûran Ebbas Qubadiyan(Emîr Mexsûs) bû. Serkêşên îttîhadî millî jî Seyîd Muhemmed Tabatabayî û Seyîd Ehmed Behbehanî bûn. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku kesek jî hebû di meclîsê de girêdayi ti fraksiyonan nebû; Muhemmed Museddiq.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Her wisa bi rêberiya Îrec Îskenderî partiyeke komûnîst hate ava kirin; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hizba_Tudeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hizba Tudeh (rûpel hê tune)">Hizba Tudeh</a>. Di dewra Reza Şah de kesên komûnîst dihatin zîndankirin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Erec_%C3%8Eskender%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Îrec Îskenderî (rûpel hê tune)">Îrec Îskenderî</a> jî yek ji wan bû. Gelek partî û rêxistinên din jî hatin vekirin. Destilata Muhemmed Reza Şah di bin van şert û mercan da destpê kir. </p><p>3yê gulana 1943ê <a href="/wiki/DYA" class="mw-redirect" title="DYA">DYAyê</a> bi awayeke fermî yekitiya axa Îranê daxuyand<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Evê pêngavê destê Îranê li dijî mixalifan û Sovyetan bihêz kir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avakirina_dewletên_Kurdistan_û_Azerbaycanê"><span id="Avakirina_dewlet.C3.AAn_Kurdistan_.C3.BB_Azerbaycan.C3.AA"></span>Avakirina dewletên Kurdistan û Azerbaycanê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Beşê biguhêre: Avakirina dewletên Kurdistan û Azerbaycanê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Avakirina dewletên Kurdistan û Azerbaycanê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Komara_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Komara Kurdistan">Komara Kurdistan</a> </i></div></dd> <dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Hik%C3%BBmeta_Netew%C3%AE_ya_Azerbaycan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Hikûmeta Netewî ya Azerbaycanê">Hikûmeta Netewî ya Azerbaycanê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Di şerê cîhanî yê duyem de di gulana 1945ê de Almanyayê xwe teslîmî kir û şerê li gel Almanyayê xelas. Tu hêceta İngilîzan, Amerîkiyan û Sovyetan nema ku li Îranê bimînin. Ji ber vê sedemê Sovyeta bi taybetî li Azerbaycanê û Kurdistanê xebatên siyasî kirin ku li van deran bimîne.Jixwe tîrmeha 1945ê de serokê Amerikayê Truman da xuya kirin ku ew hairin hêzên xwe ji Îranê vekêşe. Li sala 1945ê Sovyetan wek Îngîlîzan, li bakurê Îranê îmtiyaz ji hikûmeta Îranê xwast, her çend partiya Tudeh dijatiya xwe nîşanî Sovyetan da be jî, parastina wê yekê dikir ku dê Sovyet ji Îngîlîzan bêhtir pişkê bide Îranê. Her wisa bi piştgiriya Sovyetan li Azerbaycanê û Kurdistanê du herêmên xweser bi navên Komara Kurdistan û Hikûmeta Netewî ya Azerbaycanê hatin ava kirin. Tudehê piştgiriya van partiyan jî dikir ku herêmên xweser ava kirin.Li nîsana 1946ê Îranê û Sovyetan peymanek destnîşan kir ku di encamê de di gulana 1946an de Sovyet ji herêm vekişiyan û Îranê ev her du herêmên xweser serûbin kirin. </p><p>Dagirkirina Sovyetan bû sedema netewperestiya Îraniya û piştgiriya Tudehê bo Sovyetan jî bû sedema qedexekirina Tudehê di reşemeha 1949an de. Piştî qedexekirina Tudehê bayekê netewperestî li nav rêvebir û parlamenterên Îranê de derket. </p><p>Li sala 1947ê de hilbijartinên giştî hatin kirin; Ehmed Qavam bû serokwezîrê nû. Lê ji ber dijatiya parlamenteran ji bo hevpeymana wî û Sovyetan, îstîfa kir. Şûna wî Îbrahîm Hakîmî bû serokwezîr. Li sala 1949ê de hilbijartineke din ya giştî hate kirin. General Razmara bû serokwezîrê nû. Cepheya Millî jî di vê hilbijartinê bihêztir bû. </p><p>Her wisa hêza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedaiy%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedaiyên Îslamê (rûpel hê tune)">Fedaiyên Îslamê</a> jî her roja diçû zêdetir dibû. Ayetulah Seyîd Ebdulqasim Qaşanî jî têkildarî vê rêxistinê bû. Vê rêxistinê navê xwe bi sûîkastan anî rojevê. Dîroknas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehmed_Kesrew%C3%AE_Tebr%C3%AEz%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehmed Kesrewî Tebrîzî (rûpel hê tune)">Ehmed Kesrewî Tebrîzî</a> bi kêran ji aliyê terefdarên wan hate kuştin. Gelek bûrokrat û zanayên din jî kuştin. Di dawiyê de serokwezîr Razmara jî bi hinceta piştgiriya imtiyazên Îngîlîzan bi sûîkastekê jiyana xwe ji dest da. Armanca Fedaiyên Îslamê dewleteke şerî bû. Her wisa dixwastin gelek burokrat ji wan bin. Bi vê mebestê gelek caran Museddiq jî tehdîd dikirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reforma_petrolê_û_operasyona_Ajaxê"><span id="Reforma_petrol.C3.AA_.C3.BB_operasyona_Ajax.C3.AA"></span>Reforma petrolê û operasyona Ajaxê</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Beşê biguhêre: Reforma petrolê û operasyona Ajaxê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Reforma petrolê û operasyona Ajaxê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Mossadeghmohammad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mossadeghmohammad.jpg/220px-Mossadeghmohammad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Mossadeghmohammad.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Mihemed Musediq</figcaption></figure> <p>Piştî van bûyeran <a href="/wiki/Muhemmed_Museddiq" title="Muhemmed Museddiq">Muhemmed Museddiq</a> derket sehneya siyasî ya Îranê de. Museddiq dijî Îngîlîzan bû. Li sala 1952ê de petrola Îranê ya ku Îngîlîzan derdixist bi rêya meclîsê kir malê dewletê. Piştî vê pêngavê ji aliyê Şah ve wek serokwezîr hate tayîn kirin. Piştî vê hemleya wî derbeyeke leşkerî bi alikariya <a href="/wiki/DYA" class="mw-redirect" title="DYA">DYA</a> û İngîlîzan çêbû û Museddiq ji kar hate dûr xistin. Ev buyer di dîrokê de wek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasyon_AJax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasyon AJax (rûpel hê tune)">Operasyon AJax</a> tê binavkirin. Ev rûdane destpêka têkiliyên Îran û DYAyê ye jî. DYAyê îdîa dikir ku Museddiq piştgirê Sovyetan e û alikariya Tudehê dike. Lê ev tenê hêcet bû. Piştî vê derbeya leşkerî qedemên tevgerên netewperest û komûnist şikest. Hêdî hêdî tevgerên Îslamî zêde dibûn. </p><p>Piştî rêvebirinên meclîsê, bi vê derbeya leşkerî rêvebirin ket destê Şahê îranê. Şah Muhemmed Reza êdî bi dilê xwe reform kirin. Li sala 1957ê de bi alikariya Mossad û CIAyê <a href="/wiki/Savak" class="mw-redirect" title="Savak">Savak</a> hate ava kirin. Şoreşa Sipî da destpê kirin. Reforma axê kir. Hindî reform hatibin kirin jî ji bo ferqa tebeqeyên civakê nebû çareserî. Di navbera feqîr û zengînan de gelek ferq hebûn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Şoreşa_sipî"><span id=".C5.9Eore.C5.9Fa_sip.C3.AE"></span>Şoreşa sipî</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Beşê biguhêre: Şoreşa sipî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Şoreşa sipî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_Sip%C3%AE" title="Şoreşa Sipî">Şoreşa Sipî</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Li sala 1963yê Şahê Îranê paketeke reformê îlan kir. Bi dûçûna wê paketê ax û zevîyên di bin kontrola mollayên Şîî de xist nav malên dewletê. </p><p>Di navbera tevgerên Îslamî de jî hêdî hêdî cûdabîn zêde bûn. Piştî salên 1960an du fraksitonên serekê yên Îslamî navdar bûn. Fikrên <a href="/wiki/El%C3%AE_%C5%9Eer%C3%AEet%C3%AE" title="Elî Şerîetî">Elî Şerîetî</a> di navbera zana û rewşenbîrên ciwan de her roja diçû zêde dibû. Şerîetî wek îslamparêzên din ne dijê sosyalîzmê bû; bilakis fikrên wî têkeliya Îslama şîî û sosyalîzm bû. Yekemîn pirtuka wî li ser Ebû Zer bû. Di pirtukê de Ebû Zerî wek mislimanekê sosyalîst dide nasîn.Her wisa ulema û dîndarên Îranê her rexne dikir ku mislimanan pê dîn bêhiş dikin. Hetta dijberê bikaranîna peyvên Ayetulah û Huccetul Îslam jî bû. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku gelek terefdar û piştgirên wî bi navê <a href="/wiki/Micah%C3%AEd%C3%AAn_Gel" class="mw-redirect" title="Micahîdên Gel">Micahîdên Gel</a> rêxistineke gerîla ava kirin. Berî şoreşa Îslamê li sala 1977ê li Brîtanya bi awayeke gumanbar mir. Li aliyê din di navbera ulema û dîndarên Îranê de fikrên <a href="/wiki/Ayetula_Xum%C3%AAn%C3%AE" title="Ayetula Xumênî">Ayetula Xumênî</a> dibişkivîn. Bi nêrîna Xumênî divêt heta Mehdî tê dewlet di destê muctehîdan de be. Ev fikrên xwe jî bi pirtuka bi navê Velâyeti Fakih yâ Hukûmeti İslamî weşand. </p><p>Li sala 1971ê de ji aligirên partiya Tudeh û Cepheya Millî rêxistineke bi navê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedaiy%C3%AAn_Gel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedaiyên Gel (rûpel hê tune)">Fedaiyên Gel</a> hate ava kirin. Micahidên Gel û Fedaiyên Gel gelek caran bi hevra çalakî li dijî malbata Şah û burokratên Şah re lidardixist. </p><p>Di adara 1975ê de du partiyên sereke yên meclîsê bi fermana Şah Muhemmed Reza hatin girtin. Şûna van her du partiyan; Hizbi Ristehîz (Hizba Vejîn) hate damezrandin. Bi vê partiyê Şah dixwast Îraniyan bike yekdeng. Lê ev bi dilê Şah birêve neçû. Li gelek cihan nerazîbûnên dijî vê partiyê li kolanan peyda bû. Bi taybetî di nav molla û xwendevanên wan de nerazîbûn zêde bûn. Li gelek cihan şer derketin. Kuştî û brîndar peyda bûn. Li Abadanê jî agir bi saloneke sînemayê ket û di encamê de nêzîkî 400 karkeran jiyana xwe ji dest da. Ev jî bû sebeba nerazîbûnên mezin. Çepgir û dîndarên Îranê bi hevra çalakî lidarxistin, şerên aktîf di navbera wan û leşkerên Şahî de derketin. Di van çalakiyan de rola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayetulah%C3%AA_Mezin_%C5%9Eer%C3%AEetedar%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayetulahê Mezin Şerîetedarî (rûpel hê tune)">Ayetulahê Mezin Şerîetedarî</a> gelek mezin bû. Piştî van bûyeran 1ê reşemeha 1979ê <a href="/wiki/Ayetula_Xum%C3%AAn%C3%AE" title="Ayetula Xumênî">Ayetula Xumênî</a> vegeriya welat. Mixalifan derbeya mezin li meydana Jale li leşkerên Îranê da. Fedaiyên Gel û Micahîdên Gel li vê meydanê li gel mihafizên qesra Şah şer kir. Di encamê de leşker binketin û vegeriyan<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Şah Muhemmed Reza ji welat reviya û di radyoya Tehranê da ev deng belav bû: <i>Ev der dengê Îranê ye, dengê Îrana rasteqîn, dengê Şoreşa Îslamî</i>...<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desthilata_Şoreşa_Îslamî"><span id="Desthilata_.C5.9Eore.C5.9Fa_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE"></span>Desthilata Şoreşa Îslamî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Beşê biguhêre: Desthilata Şoreşa Îslamî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Desthilata Şoreşa Îslamî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Şoreşa Îslamî ya Îranê">Şoreşa Îslamî ya Îranê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Piştî şoreşa îslamî desthilata şahê îranê hate rûxandin û desthilata îslamîyan hate destpê kirin. Di rêvebirina Komara Îslamî ya Îranê de li ser her tiştî Rêberê Dînî heye. Di bin kontrola rêberê dînî de jî serokkomarê Îranê, îdareya welat dike. </p><p>Bi dûçûna dîroknasê îranî Hamid Dabashi, piştî ruxandina seltenata Pehlewiyan sê pirsgirêkên mezin li ber Xûmênî man <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; </p> <ol><li>Daxwazên çekdar ji bo rêvebirina Îranê</li> <li>Serhildana kurdan li rojavayê Îranê</li> <li>Çûna Şah Mihemed Reza bo New Yorkê</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pêvajoya_damezrandina_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îran"><span id="P.C3.AAvajoya_damezrandina_Komara_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE_ya_.C3.8Eran"></span>Pêvajoya damezrandina Komara Îslamî ya Îran</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Beşê biguhêre: Pêvajoya damezrandina Komara Îslamî ya Îran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Pêvajoya damezrandina Komara Îslamî ya Îran"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Vegera_Xûmênî_û_giştpirsîya_adara_1979ê"><span id="Vegera_X.C3.BBm.C3.AAn.C3.AE_.C3.BB_gi.C5.9Ftpirs.C3.AEya_adara_1979.C3.AA"></span>Vegera Xûmênî û giştpirsîya adara 1979ê</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Beşê biguhêre: Vegera Xûmênî û giştpirsîya adara 1979ê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Vegera Xûmênî û giştpirsîya adara 1979ê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg/220px-Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg/330px-Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg/440px-Imam_Khomeini_in_Mehrabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>Dema Îmam Xûmênî piştî şoreşê vedigere welat</figcaption></figure> <p>Piştî nerazîbûn û xwepêşandanên miletê Îranê Şah ji welêt revî. Ayetula Xûmênî ji sirgûnê vegerî welat û li adara 1979ê giştpirsî hat lidar xistin. Di encama giştpirsiyê de Komara Îslamî ya Îranê hate damezrandin. </p><p>Piştî îlankirina şoreşê ji hemû aliyan hikûmeteke demkî hate ava kirin. Serokwezîrê hikûmetê endamê Cepheya Millî, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehd%C3%AE_Bezirgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehdî Bezirgan (rûpel hê tune)">Mehdî Bezirgan</a> bû. Ji Tudehê, ji mollayan ji hemû aliyên dijî Şah Muhemmed Reza di hikûmetê de hebûn. Lê belê her çend hikumetek hebe jî bi rêberiya Xûmênî dewleteke paralel dihate ava kirin. Gelek tişt bi biryara Xûmênî dihate kirin. Hêjayê gotinê ye ku şoreşa Îslamî ji aliyê hemû fraksiyonan dihate pejirandin lê aliyên Tudeh, Cepheya Millî dixwast wek îslama demokratîk bê binav kirin. Ev jî ji aliyê Xumênî nehate pejirandin. Di vê van navberan de Xûmênî teşkîlatên xwe bihêztir dikir. Di warê leşkerî de projeyên xwe bicîh dianî. Di navbera aliyên şoreşger de niqaş derketin ku aliyê Xûmênî dixwaze rêjimeke axûnd(rûspî, molla) ava bike. </p><p>Mixalifên Xûmênî ne tenê sosyalîst û netewperest bûn. Her wisa di nav Şîeyan de jî hebûn. Yek ji wan Hesen Şerîetmedarî bû. Şerîetmedarî dixwast ji hemû aliyan dewletek bê ava kirin û xwe dûr ji Velayetî Fiqh didît. Jixwe esasê fikrên Xûmênî Velayetî Fiqh e. Di nîsana 1979ê de Xûmênî Partiya Komara Îslamî ava kir. Şerîetmedarî jî li dijî vê Partiya Gel ya Cumhuriya Îslamî ava kir. </p><p>Di nav van gengeşî û kaosa siyasî de serokê DYAyê <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> rê da Muhemmed Şah ku were li DYAyê tedawiya kanserê bibîne. Ev sedema pirgirêkeke mezin di navbera Îran û DYAyê de. 400 xwendevan ên bi navê <i>Xwendevanên Misliman ên di Rêya Îmam de</i> derûdorên balyozxaneya DYA ya Tehranê girtin û çûn hundir. Êdî piştî vê 444 rojan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qeyrana_Reh%C3%AEneyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeyrana Rehîneyan (rûpel hê tune)">Qeyrana Rehîneyan</a> destpê dike. Di encama vê qeyranê de serokwezîrê Îranê Bezirgan îstîfa kir. Di vê navberê de makezagona Xûmênî amade kirî çû giştpirsiyê. Micahîdên Gel, Fedaiyên Gel û Cepheya Millî ev giştpirsî boykot kirin. Her wisa di vê giştpirsiyê de li <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistanê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%BB%C3%A7istan" title="Belûçistan">Belûçistanê</a> û li memleketê Ayetulahê Mezin Şerîetmedarî <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycanê</a> boykoteke berbiçav hebû<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku li adara 1979ê de jî giştpirsiyek hatibû kirin û gel xwedî li vê giştpirsiyê derketi bû. Lê di vê giştpirsiya makezagonê de gelên sunî <a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">Kurd</a> û <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%BB%C3%A7" title="Belûç">Belûçan</a> boykotek nîşan da ku ew naxwazin dewleteke axûnd, molla were ava kirin. Em dikarin bibêjin ku mixalifên niha yên rêjima îslamî ev fraksiyon in. Jimmy Carter ji ber têkçûna wî ya di qeyrana rehîneyan de hilbijartinên DYAyê winda kirin. Hêj serokê nû yê DYAyê dest bi kar nekirî, Xûmênî rehîneyên balyozxaneya DYAyê berdan. Ev jî wisa tê şirove kirin ku Xûmênî nexwast ev qeyran ji serokê DYAyê yê nû <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> nebe serkeftin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Giştpirsiya_kanûna_pêşîn_1979ê"><span id="Gi.C5.9Ftpirsiya_kan.C3.BBna_p.C3.AA.C5.9F.C3.AEn_1979.C3.AA"></span>Giştpirsiya kanûna pêşîn 1979ê</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Beşê biguhêre: Giştpirsiya kanûna pêşîn 1979ê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Giştpirsiya kanûna pêşîn 1979ê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ji bo rêvebirina Komara Îslamî ya Îranê giştpirsiyeke din hate kirin û di encamê de Ayetula Xûmênî bû rêberê dînî. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rêberê_Dînî_Ayetula_Xûmênî(kanûna_pêşîn,_1979-1989)"><span id="R.C3.AAber.C3.AA_D.C3.AEn.C3.AE_Ayetula_X.C3.BBm.C3.AAn.C3.AE.28kan.C3.BBna_p.C3.AA.C5.9F.C3.AEn.2C_1979-1989.29"></span>Rêberê Dînî Ayetula Xûmênî(kanûna pêşîn, 1979-1989)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêberê Dînî Ayetula Xûmênî(kanûna pêşîn, 1979-1989)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Rêberê Dînî Ayetula Xûmênî(kanûna pêşîn, 1979-1989)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Ebulhesen_Benîsedr(25_çile_1980-20_xizîran_1981)"><span id="Serokkomar_Ebulhesen_Ben.C3.AEsedr.2825_.C3.A7ile_1980-20_xiz.C3.AEran_1981.29"></span>Serokkomar Ebulhesen Benîsedr(25 çile 1980-20 xizîran 1981)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Ebulhesen Benîsedr(25 çile 1980-20 xizîran 1981)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Ebulhesen Benîsedr(25 çile 1980-20 xizîran 1981)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>22yê îlona 1980ê de artêşa <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Îraq">Îraqê</a> ji hidûdê Îranê borî û bi fermî şer li dijî Îranê da destpê kirin. Ev şer di çi hesabên avakerên şoreşa Îslamî de nebû. <a href="/wiki/Sedam_Huseyn" title="Sedam Huseyn">Sedam Huseyn</a> ji ber vê şoreşê ditirsî ku li welatê wî jî şoreşeke Şîîyan çêbe û her wisa li <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eetelereb" title="Şetelereb">Şetelereb</a> hêj jî pirsgirêkên hidûdî hebûn. Bi vî şerî gelên Îranê piştgiriya hikûmet û dewleta xwe kirin. Ji bo Xûmênî ev nîmetek bû ku cihê xwe saxlemtir bike. Bi vî şerî <a href="/wiki/Art%C3%AA%C5%9Fa_Parastina_%C3%AAn_%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE" title="Artêşa Parastina ên Şoreşa Îslamî">Artêşa Parastina ên Şoreşa Îslamî</a> hate ava kirin ku şoreş û dewleta Îranê biparêze. Her wisa ji bo ku rêber û rêbazên şoreşa Îslamî biparêze ji Supaya Pasdaran de 2-3 hezar kes hatin hilbijartin û ji wan jî <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAza_Quds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêza Quds (rûpel hê tune)">Hêza Qudsê</a> hate ava kirin. Her wisa ji bilî van hêzan, hêzek din jî hebû ku ew ji dilxwazên Îraniyan pêkhatibû. Kesên bi dilxwazî beşdarî şer bûn bi navê rêxistina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bes%C3%AEc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besîc (rûpel hê tune)">Besîc</a> ava kirin. <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Şerê Îran û Iraq">Şerê Îran û Iraqê</a> 8 salan berdewam kir û di xizîrana 1988ê de bi agirbestekê bidawî bû. </p><p>Serokkomar <a href="/wiki/Ebulhesen_Benisedr" title="Ebulhesen Benisedr">Ebulhesen Benisedr</a> 20ê xizîrana 1981ê ji aliyê meclîsa Îranê ve ji kar hate dûrxistin. Xûmênî dixwast dewlet hemû bikeve bin destê wî. Di encamê de rê li ber gelek rêxistin û partiyan hate girtin. Van partî û rêxistinan jî dijî Xûmênî dest bi çalakiyan kir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Mihemed_Elî_Recaî(2_tebax_1981-30_tebax_1981)"><span id="Serokkomar_Mihemed_El.C3.AE_Reca.C3.AE.282_tebax_1981-30_tebax_1981.29"></span>Serokkomar Mihemed Elî Recaî(2 tebax 1981-30 tebax 1981)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Mihemed Elî Recaî(2 tebax 1981-30 tebax 1981)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Mihemed Elî Recaî(2 tebax 1981-30 tebax 1981)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hêj şerê Îran û Iraqê berdewam dike <a href="/wiki/Micah%C3%AEd%C3%AAn_Gel" class="mw-redirect" title="Micahîdên Gel">Micahîdên Gel</a> li tebaxa 1981ê de li dijî hikûmeta ji aliyê Xûmênî ve hate avakirin re derbeyek pêk anî. Gelek wezîr, parlamenter, bûrokrat û rêvebirên pîlebilind yên aligirên Xûmênî di van çalakiyan de hatin kuştin. Hetta serokkomarê paşerojê were tayîn kirin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekber_Ha%C5%9Fim%C3%AE_Refsencan%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî (rûpel hê tune)">Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî</a> û rêberê paşerojê yê şoreşa îslamê <a href="/w/index.php?title=El%C3%AE_Xameney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elî Xameney (rûpel hê tune)">Elî Xameney</a> jî di van çalakiyan de brîndar bibûn. Lê ev derbeya <a href="/wiki/Micahid%C3%AAn_Gel_%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Micahidên Gel ên Îranê">Micahidên Gel ên Îranê</a> negihişt armanca xwe û Xûmênî li dijî mixalifan bihêztir lêhat. </p><p>Serokkomar Mihemed Elî Recaî jî di encama van suîkasten de jiyana xwe wenda kir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Elî_Xamaney_(9_cotmeh_1981-4_xizîran_1989)"><span id="Serokkomar_El.C3.AE_Xamaney_.289_cotmeh_1981-4_xiz.C3.AEran_1989.29"></span>Serokkomar Elî Xamaney (9 cotmeh 1981-4 xizîran 1989)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Elî Xamaney (9 cotmeh 1981-4 xizîran 1989)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Elî Xamaney (9 cotmeh 1981-4 xizîran 1989)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5ê gulana 1983yê hemû endam û parlamenterên Tudehê bi hêceta casûsiya Sovyetan hatin girtin û Tudeh hate qedexe kirin. </p><p>Xûmênî gelek endamên Micahidên Gel, Kurd, <a href="/wiki/Behay%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Behayî">Behayî</a> bidarve kirin. Her wisa fetwaya kuştina <a href="/wiki/Selman_Ru%C5%9Fd%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Selman Ruşdî">Selman Ruşdî</a> jî da. Di dema rêberiya Xûmênî de serokkomarê dewletê jî Elî Xameney bû. Lê di vî dewrî de gelek biryarên têkildarî rêvebirina dewletê ji aliyê Xûmênî ve dihatin dan. Piştî dewrê Xûmênî di dewletê de duserî destpê dike. Rêvebirin dikeve destê serokkomar. Lê rêberê şoreşê bixwaze dikare hemû tiştan betal bike. </p><p>Hêj Xûmênî di sekeratê de konseyeke nû tayîn kir ku wezîfeya wan ew bû rêberê nû tayîn bikin û kontrol bikin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rêberê_Dînî_Elî_Xamaney(4_xizîran_1989-...)"><span id="R.C3.AAber.C3.AA_D.C3.AEn.C3.AE_El.C3.AE_Xamaney.284_xiz.C3.AEran_1989-....29"></span>Rêberê Dînî Elî Xamaney(4 xizîran 1989-...)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêberê Dînî Elî Xamaney(4 xizîran 1989-...)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Rêberê Dînî Elî Xamaney(4 xizîran 1989-...)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Ekber_Haşimî_Refsencanî(16_tebax_1989-3_tebax_1997)"><span id="Serokkomar_Ekber_Ha.C5.9Fim.C3.AE_Refsencan.C3.AE.2816_tebax_1989-3_tebax_1997.29"></span>Serokkomar Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî(16 tebax 1989-3 tebax 1997)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî(16 tebax 1989-3 tebax 1997)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî(16 tebax 1989-3 tebax 1997)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di xizîrana 1989ê de Xûmênî mir û şûna wî Ayetula <a href="/wiki/El%C3%AE_Xamin%C3%AAy%C3%AE" title="Elî Xaminêyî">Elî Xaminêyî</a> wek rêberê nû, Ekber Haşimî Refsencanî jî wek serokkomarê nû hate hilbijartin. Refsencanî ji tîrmeha 1989ê heta gulana 1997ê serokkomarê dewletê bû. Di rêvebirina Refsencanî de gelek kesayetên mixalif û Kurd bi sûîkastan hatin. Serokên <a href="/wiki/Partiya_Demokrat%C3%AEk_a_Kurdistana_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Partiya Demokratîk a Kurdistana Îranê">PDK-Î</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ebdulrehman_Qasimlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebdulrehman Qasimlo">Ebdulrehman Qasimlo</a> û <a href="/wiki/Mihemed_Sadiq_%C5%9Eerefkend%C3%AE" title="Mihemed Sadiq Şerefkendî">Mihemed Sadiq Şerefkendî</a>, rêvebirên Micahîdên Gel Muhemmed Huseyîn Nexdî, Muhemmed Hesen Erbab û gelek mixalifên din li derveyî welat bi sûîkastan hatin kuştin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Mihemed_Xatemî(3_tebax_1997-3_tebax_2005)"><span id="Serokkomar_Mihemed_Xatem.C3.AE.283_tebax_1997-3_tebax_2005.29"></span>Serokkomar Mihemed Xatemî(3 tebax 1997-3 tebax 2005)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Mihemed Xatemî(3 tebax 1997-3 tebax 2005)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Mihemed Xatemî(3 tebax 1997-3 tebax 2005)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di hilbijartinên gulana 1997ê de namzetê lîberal lê ew jî ji pola dînzana de ye <a href="/wiki/Mihemed_Xatem%C3%AE" title="Mihemed Xatemî">Mihemed Xatemî</a> bû serokkomarê nû. Xatemî bi taybetî di polîtîkaya derve de pêngavên nû avêtin. Dixwast li gel dewletên rojava têkiliyên nû ava bike. Heta cihekî jî serkeft. Politîkayên lîberal sepandin, givaşa li ser gelê Îranê kêm kir. Ji ber Qeyrana Rehîneyan poşmaniya xwe anî ziman, her wisa rêvebirên DYAyê jî ji derbeya dijî Museddiq poşmaniyên xwe anîn ziman. Ji bo nekuştina Selman Ruşdî garantî da hikûmeta İngilîzan. Ji ber vê jî İngilîzan mîsyonên xwe yên di sala 1979ê de qut bûn, cardîn geş kirin. Dest bi têkiliyan kirin. Wek tê zanîn gelek mixalif bi sûîkasta hatibûn kuştin di dewra Refsencanî de. dihate îdîa kirin ku klîkek heye di wezareta Îstîxbaratê de ew van karûbarên kuştina dikin. Ew klîkên kujer ji wezaretê hatin derxistin. Wek tê dîtin di dewra Xatemî de sistbûneke îdeolojîk jî tê dîtin, nermbûnek jî li dijî mixalifan tê dîtin. </p><p>Di îlona 2001ê de li dijî DYAyê <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ar%C3%AE%C5%9F%C3%AAn_11_%C3%8Elon%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Êrîşên 11 Îlonê (rûpel hê tune)">Êrîşên 11 Îlonê</a> pêk hatin. Di encama vê êrîşê de polîtîkaya derve ya DYAyê tûjtir lêhat. <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> di axiftineke xwe de Îran, Koreya Bakur û Iraq wek <i>Xetên Xerabiyê</i> binav kirin. Piştî vê axiftinê dîngirên Îranê li dijî reformgirên Îranê bûn xwedî hêzeke psîkolojîk. Vê jî tesîra xwe li hilbijartinên tîrmeha 2005ê kir û di encamê de <a href="/wiki/Mehm%C3%BBd_Ehmed%C3%AEnejad" title="Mehmûd Ehmedînejad">Mehmûd Ehmedînejadê</a> namzetê dîngiran bû serokkomarê nû. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Mehmûd_Ehmedînecad(3_tebax_2005-3_tebax_2013)"><span id="Serokkomar_Mehm.C3.BBd_Ehmed.C3.AEnecad.283_tebax_2005-3_tebax_2013.29"></span>Serokkomar Mehmûd Ehmedînecad(3 tebax 2005-3 tebax 2013)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Mehmûd Ehmedînecad(3 tebax 2005-3 tebax 2013)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Mehmûd Ehmedînecad(3 tebax 2005-3 tebax 2013)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serokkomar_Hesen_Rohanî(3_tebax_2013-...)"><span id="Serokkomar_Hesen_Rohan.C3.AE.283_tebax_2013-....29"></span>Serokkomar Hesen Rohanî(3 tebax 2013-...)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar Hesen Rohanî(3 tebax 2013-...)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar Hesen Rohanî(3 tebax 2013-...)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siyaset_û_rêvebirin"><span id="Siyaset_.C3.BB_r.C3.AAvebirin"></span>Siyaset û rêvebirin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Beşê biguhêre: Siyaset û rêvebirin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Siyaset û rêvebirin"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Siyaseta_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Siyaseta Îranê">Siyaseta Îranê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makezagona_Komara_Îslamî"><span id="Makezagona_Komara_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE"></span>Makezagona Komara Îslamî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Beşê biguhêre: Makezagona Komara Îslamî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section's source code: Makezagona Komara Îslamî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çavkaniya girîngtirîn ya makezagona Komara Îslamî ya Îranê fşkr û ramanên Ayetullah Xûmênî ne. Hindek madeyên girîng di makezagona Komara Îslamî ya Îranê de<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; </p> <ol><li>Madeya 19(derheqê ferqûcudahî û nebûna ferqûcudahiyê)</li></ol> <p>Her ji kîjan koma etnîk bin, hemû kesên girêdayî gelê Îranê wekhev in; reng, nijad, ziman an jî hêmanên wek van nabin sedema ferqûcudahiyê. </p> <ol><li>Madeya 15(zimanê fermî)</li></ol> <p>Zimanê Îranê yê fermî û zimanê hevpar yê gelê Îranê farisî ye. Dokûmentên fermî, hevnivîsîn, nivîsar û pirtûkên xwendingehan de bi vî zimanê tê nivîsîn. Lê zimanên herêmî û eşîrî di weşanan de û di medyayê de û di fêrkirina wêjeya xwe de dikarin li xwendingehan de li gel zimanê farisî were bikaranîn </p> <ol><li>Madeya 12(dînê fermî)</li></ol> <p>Dînê fermî yê dewleta Îranê Şiîtiya Danzdeh Îmamane, ev made nayê guherandin </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maf_û_Jiyana_Jinan_li_Îranê"><span id="Maf_.C3.BB_Jiyana_Jinan_li_.C3.8Eran.C3.AA"></span>Maf û Jiyana Jinan li Îranê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Beşê biguhêre: Maf û Jiyana Jinan li Îranê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section's source code: Maf û Jiyana Jinan li Îranê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dîroka tevger û lîvên jinên Îranê dûr û dirêje. Di dema Şoreşa Makezagonî ya di sala 1906ê de rûdayî jinên Îranê wekî her welatiyên Îranî li kolana bûn. Lê piştî îlankirina makezagonê de mafê jinan zêde nebûn. Jinan çi feydeya makezagonê nedît. </p><p>Piştî desthilat ketiye destê malbata Pehlewîyan hindek projeyên modernîzasyonê hatin kirin lê ne xwestina gel û jinên Îranê, bi zordarî ew modernîzasyon li ser gel hate sepandin. Jinan jî bahra xwe ya vê modernîzasyonê wergirt. Ji aliyê Şah Reza Pehlewî ve li dijî liberkirina dersokan givaş li ser jinan hate sepandin. Bi zorê dersoka serê jinan jêkirin. Modernîzasyona di dema Şah Reza Pehlewî de gelek dişibe modernîzasyona li Tirkiyeyê. Li sala 1935ê de ji bo jinên Îranê modern bikin cemiyeta Qanunî Banûvanî Îran hate ava kirin. Ev cemiyet bi rêberiya keçên Şah Reza Pehlewî rêve diçû. </p><p>Li îranê mafê bijêrîn û hilbijêrin di sala 1946ê de ji aliyê Hikûmeta Neteweyî ya Azerbaycanê hate pejirandin. Lê ev maf dema ev hikûmet piştî salek hatiye rûxandin, ji jinan hate standin. </p><p>Li sala 1963yê jinên Îranê mafên bijêrin û hilbijêrînê wergirt. </p><p>Li sala 1979ê de Şoreşa Îslamî pêkhat. Piştî vê şoreşê li sala 1983yê de dersok,serpoş bi qanûnekê bû zarûrî. Êdî jinên Îranê mecbûr man ku serê xwe bi dersokan bipêçin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rêvebirina_Komara_Îslama"><span id="R.C3.AAvebirina_Komara_.C3.8Eslama"></span>Rêvebirina Komara Îslama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêvebirina Komara Îslama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section's source code: Rêvebirina Komara Îslama"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Makezagon-Doktrîna_Velayetî_Feqîh"><span id="Makezagon-Doktr.C3.AEna_Velayet.C3.AE_Feq.C3.AEh"></span>Makezagon-Doktrîna Velayetî Feqîh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Beşê biguhêre: Makezagon-Doktrîna Velayetî Feqîh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section's source code: Makezagon-Doktrîna Velayetî Feqîh"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komara Îslamî ya Îranê bi makezagonê ve tê birêve birin. Ev makezagon rehên xwe ji şoreşa makezagonî ya di sala 1906ê de di dema Qacariyan de hatiye kirin werdigire. Piştî makezagona 1906ê, di desthilata Pehlewiyan de jî hindek guherandin hatin kirin. Lê guherandinên esas piştî şoreşa Îslamî hate kirin. Makezagona şoreşa îslamî bi dûçûna rê û rêbazên <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velayet%C3%AE_Feqih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velayetî Feqih (rûpel hê tune)">Velayetî Feqih</a> hatiye hûnandin. Ev doktrîna Îslamî ji aliyê <a href="/wiki/Ayetula_Xum%C3%AAn%C3%AE" title="Ayetula Xumênî">Ayetula Xumênî</a> li salên 1960an de dema li <a href="/w/index.php?title=Necef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necef (rûpel hê tune)">Necefê</a> di sirgûnê de bû hate nivîsandin. Qanûnên Komara Îslamî hemî di makezagonê hene lê makezagon li ser bingehên Velayetî Feqîh hatiye amade kirin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rêberê_dînî-Rêvebirê_Velayetî_Feqîh"><span id="R.C3.AAber.C3.AA_d.C3.AEn.C3.AE-R.C3.AAvebir.C3.AA_Velayet.C3.AE_Feq.C3.AEh"></span>Rêberê dînî-Rêvebirê Velayetî Feqîh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêberê dînî-Rêvebirê Velayetî Feqîh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section's source code: Rêberê dînî-Rêvebirê Velayetî Feqîh"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rêberê dînî n jî rêvebirê Velayetî Feqîh serê dewletê ye. Di Komara Îslamî de kesê bilindtirîn xwedîhêz e. Gelek rojnameyên welat girêdayî wî ne wek Kayhan, Etleet, Cumhurî Îslamî. Melayên di mizgeftan de jî hemû girêdayî wî ne. Li Îranê weezên eyniyê xwedî hêzeke mezin e ji bo layê propagandayê, weezên eyniyan jî ji aliyê rêberê dînî tê amade kirin. Her wisa gelek weqif û rêxistin jî girêdayî rêberê dînî ne ku xwedî %40ê aboriya Îranê ne<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ev rêxistin ji aliyê erkên darazaiyê ve nayên kontrol kirin ev in; Weqfa Feqîr û Mustezefan(Bonyadî Canbazan ve Mostezefîn), Weqfa Şehîdan(Bonyadî Şehîd), Komiteya Harikariyê(Komiteyî Emdad), Weqfa 15ê Xordad(Bonyadî Panzdehî Xordad). </p><p>Bi dûçûna madeya 110ê ya makezagona Komara Îslamî, erkên rêberê dînî: </p> <ol><li>Diyarkirina siyaseta giştî ya Komara Îslamî li gel Konseya Teşxîsa Meslehetên Pergalê</li> <li>Kontrolkirina siyasetên giştî yên dewletê</li> <li>Biryardana giştpirsiyê</li> <li>Îlankirina şer û aşitiyê</li> <li>Tayînkirin, ji kar dûrxistin û pejirandina îstifayan; endamên Konseya Parastina Makezagonê, Hakimên herî bilind yên Darazî, Gerinendeyê radyoya Komara Îslamî ya Îranê, Serleşkerê Arteşê, serleşkerê <a href="/wiki/Art%C3%AA%C5%9Fa_Parastina_%C3%AAn_%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE" title="Artêşa Parastina ên Şoreşa Îslamî">Artêşa Parastina ên Şoreşa Îslamî</a>, serleşkerên pîlebilind yên artêş û asayişê.</li> <li>Îxtîlafen di navbera sê hêzan de çareser kirin; qanûnçêkirin, rêvebirin û darazî</li> <li>Pejirandina serokkomarê komara Îslamî</li> <li>Efûkirin û sivikkirina cezayên girtiyan<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <ul><li>Rêberên dînî:</li></ul> <ol><li>Ruhullah Xûmênî(1979-1989)</li> <li>Seyîd Elî Xamaney(1989-...)</li></ol> <p>Rêxistin û dezgehên rasterast girêdayî rêberê dînî; </p> <ol><li>Melayên Xutbeyan</li> <li>Rêxistina Rasyo û Televîsyonê ya Îranê</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serokkomar">Serokkomar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Beşê biguhêre: Serokkomar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section's source code: Serokkomar"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bi dûçûna makezagona Komara Îslamî, piştî rêberê dînî kesê qedirbilindtir serokkomarê Komara Îslamî ye. Erkên Serokkomariya Komara Îslamî piştî sala 1989ê de hatin berfireh kirin û serokwezîrî hate betal kirin. Jixwe di navbera salên 1979ê heta 1989ê de gelek erk di bin destê serokwezîr de bû. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku serokwezîrê wî wextî Mîr Huseyn Musevî bû ku li sala 2009ê de ji ber nerazîbûna wî li dijî hilbijartinê hate zindanî kirin di mala xwe de. </p><p>Rêvebirina serokkomarî 4 sale, her çal sala carekê hilbijartin tên kirin û dihêt hilbijartin. Tenê du serdeman dikare bibe serokkomar. Serokkomarê Îranê desteya wezîran ava dike û rêvebirina dewletê bireve dibe. Pejirandina endamtiya kesê ku dibe serokkomar ji aliyê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konseya_Parastina_Makezagon%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konseya Parastina Makezagonê (rûpel hê tune)">Konseya Parastina Makezagonê</a> ve tê kontrol kirin. Pesendkirina dawî ji aliyê Rêberî dînî ve tê kirin û ew kes dibe serokkomar. </p> <ul><li>Serokkomarên Komara Îslamî</li></ul> <ol><li>Ebdul Hesen Benî Sadr(1979-1981)</li> <li>Muhemmed Elî Recayî(1981-1981) (ji aliyê rêxistina Micahîdên Gel ve hate kuştin)</li> <li>Seyîd Elî Xamaney(1981-1989)</li> <li>Elî Ekber Refsencanî(1989-1997)</li> <li>Muhemmed Hetemî(1997-2005)</li> <li>Mehmûd Ehmedînecad(2005-2013)</li> <li>Hesen Rûhanî(2013-...)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meclîsa_Şuraya_Îslamî"><span id="Mecl.C3.AEsa_.C5.9Euraya_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE"></span>Meclîsa Şuraya Îslamî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=50" title="Beşê biguhêre: Meclîsa Şuraya Îslamî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section's source code: Meclîsa Şuraya Îslamî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erkên meclîsê qanûnçêkirin, pesendkirina desteya wezîran, kontrolkirin û ji kar dûrxistina serokkomar û desteya wezîran e. Her çend meclîs qanûna çêbike jî, divêt ev qanûn ji layê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konseya_Parastina_Makezagon%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konseya Parastina Makezagonê (rûpel hê tune)">Konseya Parastina Makezagonê</a> ve bên pejirandin. Her wisa ew kesên dibin parlamenter jî divêt ji aliyê Konseya Parastina Makezagonê ve bên pejirandin. Betalkirina qanûna ne tenê di destê konseyê de ye, her wisa rêberê dînî jî dikare qanûnan betal bike. </p><p>Di meclîsa Komara Îslamî de heta sala 1999ê 270 parlamenter hebûn, piştî wê salê ev hate zêdekirin. Niha hejmara parlamenteran 285 e û ji bilî van yek Zerdeştî, yek Kelimî, yek Fele û du jî Ermenî bi giştî 5 parlamenterên kêmaniyan jî hene. Bi giştî 290 in. Hilbijartina parlamenteran çar salan carekê tê kirin û sîstema herêma teng tê bikaranîn. Yanî li her herêmeke biçûk tu dikarî yek kes dibe parlamenter. Sîstema partiyan tune ye. Li gor amarên 2011ê nifûs û jimarên parlamenterên parêzgehên Îranê </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parêzgeh</th> <th>Gelhe</th> <th>Jimara Parlamenteran </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Welat bi giştî</b></td> <td><b>75149669</b></td> <td><b>285</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Azerbaycana Rojhilat</td> <td>3724620</td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Azerbaycana Rojava</td> <td>3080576</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Erdebîl</td> <td>1248488</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Îsfahan</td> <td>4879312</td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elburz</td> <td>2412513</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Îlam</td> <td>557599</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buşehr</td> <td>1032949</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tahran</td> <td>12183391</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Çaharmahal û Bextiyarî</td> <td>895263</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xorasana Başûr</td> <td>662534</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xorasana Rezevî</td> <td>5994402</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xorasana Bakur</td> <td>867727</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xuzistan</td> <td>4531720</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zencan</td> <td>1015734</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Semnan</td> <td>631218</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sîstan û Belûcîstan</td> <td>2534327</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fars</td> <td>4596658</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qazwên</td> <td>1201565</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qûm</td> <td>1151672</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kurdistan</td> <td>1493645</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kirman</td> <td>2938988</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kirmaşan</td> <td>1945227</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kûgîluyî û Buwêr Ehmed</td> <td>658629</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gulistan</td> <td>1777014</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gîlan</td> <td>2480874</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luristan</td> <td>1754243</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mazenderan</td> <td>3073943</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Merkezî</td> <td>1413959</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hurmizgan</td> <td>1578183</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hemedan</td> <td>1758268</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yezd</td> <td>1074428</td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konseya_Parastina_Makezagonê"><span id="Konseya_Parastina_Makezagon.C3.AA"></span>Konseya Parastina Makezagonê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=51" title="Beşê biguhêre: Konseya Parastina Makezagonê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section's source code: Konseya Parastina Makezagonê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ev konsey di makezagona 1906ê de ketiye nav sîstema Îranê de. Bi dûçûna makezagona 1906ê de ev konsey ji aliyê 5 mictehîdan(zanayên dînî) ve tê rêvebirin û erkê van kesan ew e ku kontrolkirina qanûnçêkirinê bikin ku ev qanûn bi dûçûna dînê Îslamê ve guncaw e an na. Piştî şoreşa 1979ê de erkên vê konseyê hatin berfirehtir kirin. Rêvebirina wê jî xistin destê 12 kesan de. 6 ji wan zanayên dînî ne, 6ên din jî dadnas in. Zanayên dînî ji aliyê Rêberê Dînî ve, dadnas jî bi teklîfa darêzgerî ve ji aliyê Meclîsa Şuraya Îslamî ve tên tayîn kirin. </p><p>Sekreterên giştî yên konseyê: </p> <ol><li>Ayetula Ehmed Cennetî(1992-..)</li></ol> <p>Ev konsey tespîtkirina kesên dixwazin bibin hilbijêr dike. Parlamenter bêyî vê konseyê nikarin bibin namzet </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konseya_Teşxîsa_Meslehetên_Pergalê"><span id="Konseya_Te.C5.9Fx.C3.AEsa_Meslehet.C3.AAn_Pergal.C3.AA"></span>Konseya Teşxîsa Meslehetên Pergalê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=52" title="Beşê biguhêre: Konseya Teşxîsa Meslehetên Pergalê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section's source code: Konseya Teşxîsa Meslehetên Pergalê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ev konsey li sala 1988ê de ji aliyê Ruhullah Xûmênî ve hatiye ava kirin. Piştî şoreşa Îslamî gelek pirsgirêk di navbera Meclîsa Şuraya Îslamî û Konseya Parastina Makezagonê de çêdibûn. Ev konsey ji ber çareserkirina van pirsgirêkan hate ava kirin. Her wisa erkê vê konseyê ew e ku têkiliyên rêxistinên dewletê çareser bike. Bi kurtî çareserkirina pirsgirêkên di navbera rêvebirina Komara Îslamî de yekem erka vê konseyê ye.Wek hakemekî di siyaseta Îranê de cihê xwe digire. Bi dûçûna raportên vê konseyê pirsgirêk t3en çareser kirin. Endamên vê konseyê ji aliyê Rêberê Dînî ve tên tayîn kirin û hejmara tê guherîn. </p> <ul><li>Serokên Konseya Teşxîsa Meslehetên Pergalê</li></ul> <ol><li>Seyîd Elî Xamaney(1988-1989)(hem serokkomar hem serokê konseyê)</li> <li>Elî Ekber Refsencanî(1989-1997)(hem serokkomar hem serokê konseyê)</li> <li>Elî Ekber Refsencanî(1997-2017)(tenê serokê konseyê)</li> <li>Mehmûd Haşimî Şahrudî(2017-2018)</li> <li>Sadiq Larîcanî(2018-...)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meclîsa_Pisporan"><span id="Mecl.C3.AEsa_Pisporan"></span>Meclîsa Pisporan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=53" title="Beşê biguhêre: Meclîsa Pisporan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section's source code: Meclîsa Pisporan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erkê Meclîsa Pisporan hilbijartina Rêberê Dînî ye. Her wisa dema kontrolkirina Rêberê Dînî, hewce hebe jikar dûrxistina Rêberî dînî jî erkê wan e. Li sala 1989ê de piştî mirina Ruhullah Xûmênî, Seyîd Elî Xameneyî ji aliyê Meclîsa Pisporan ve hate hilbijartin. Her wisa makezagona di sala 1979ê de jî ji aliyê vê meclîsê ve hatiye çêkirin. Endamên Meclîsa Pisporan ji aliyên dînzanayên Şîe ve ji bo 8 salan tên hilbijartin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konseya_Bilind_ya_Ewlehiya_Netewî"><span id="Konseya_Bilind_ya_Ewlehiya_Netew.C3.AE"></span>Konseya Bilind ya Ewlehiya Netewî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=54" title="Beşê biguhêre: Konseya Bilind ya Ewlehiya Netewî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section's source code: Konseya Bilind ya Ewlehiya Netewî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Armanca avakirina vê koseyê ew e ku parastina Şoreşa Îslamî,destînana menfietên neteweyî, parastina yekbûna axa welat û parastina desthilata Komara Îslamî ye. Lê her çend ewqas erk hebin jî, nikare li ser biryara rêberê dînî biryarekê werbigire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Darêzgerî"><span id="Dar.C3.AAzger.C3.AE"></span>Darêzgerî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=55" title="Beşê biguhêre: Darêzgerî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section's source code: Darêzgerî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erkê Daraziyê ji aliyê serokê Daraziyê ve tê rêvebirin. Bi dûçûna doktrîna Velayetî Feqîh pêkhatiye. Serokê Daraziyê ji aliyê rêberê dînî ve tê tayîn kirin. </p><p>Di nav sîstema daraziyê de mehkemeyeka taybet heye ku tenê darizandina dînzanayan dike. Navê wê mehkemeyê Mehkemeya Taybet ya Ruhaniyet e. Lê ev mehkeme girêdayî erkê Darêzgerî nîne, rasterast girêdayî Rêberê Dînî ye. Dozger û hakimên wê ji aliyê rêberê dînî ve tên tayîn kirin. Li çar aliyê Îranê de 22 mehkemeyên wiha hene </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hêzên_çekdarî_yên_Îranê"><span id="H.C3.AAz.C3.AAn_.C3.A7ekdar.C3.AE_y.C3.AAn_.C3.8Eran.C3.AA"></span>Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=56" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section's source code: Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê çar pêkhateyan dihundirîne. Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê di bin rêvebirina Serkanê Giştî ya Hêzên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê de ye. Hêzên çekdarî yên Îranê girêdayî serokkomariyê ye. Lê biryarên girîng an jî qanûnên giring yên bi têkildarî hêzên çekdarî ji aliyê Rêberê Dînî ve tên dayîn. </p> <ul><li>Serkanên giştî</li></ul> <ol><li>Mîr Huseyn Musavî (1988-1989</li> <li>Hesen Fîruzabadî (<a href="/wiki/26%C3%AA_%C3%AElon%C3%AA" title="26ê îlonê">26ê îlona</a> <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989an</a>-28 pûşber 2016)</li> <li>Muhemed Baqirî (28 pûşber 2016-...)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artêşa_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê"><span id="Art.C3.AA.C5.9Fa_Komara_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE_ya_.C3.8Eran.C3.AA"></span>Artêşa Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=57" title="Beşê biguhêre: Artêşa Komara Îslamî ya Îranê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section's source code: Artêşa Komara Îslamî ya Îranê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Art%C3%AA%C5%9Fa_Komara_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artêşa Komara Îslamî (rûpel hê tune)">Artêşa Komara Îslamî</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Bi kurtî wek arteş jî tê nasîn. Artêş xwedî çar beşa ye; </p> <ol><li>Hêzên Bejahî</li> <li>Hêzên Hewayî</li> <li>Hêzên Deryayî</li> <li>Hêzên Parastina Hewayî</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hêzên_Întîzamî_yên_Komara_Îslamî_ya_Îranê"><span id="H.C3.AAz.C3.AAn_.C3.8Ent.C3.AEzam.C3.AE_y.C3.AAn_Komara_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE_ya_.C3.8Eran.C3.AA"></span>Hêzên Întîzamî yên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=58" title="Beşê biguhêre: Hêzên Întîzamî yên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section's source code: Hêzên Întîzamî yên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wek hêza polîsa tê zanîn. Li sala 1992yê bi yekkirina Şehrban, Cenderme û Hêzên Şoreşî ve hate ava kirin. Ji çar beşan pêk tê; </p> <ol><li>Cenderme</li> <li>Polîsên sîvîl</li> <li>Polîsên nepenî</li> <li>Polîsên dînî</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artêşa_Pasdaran_ên_Şoreşa_Îslamî"><span id="Art.C3.AA.C5.9Fa_Pasdaran_.C3.AAn_.C5.9Eore.C5.9Fa_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE"></span>Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=59" title="Beşê biguhêre: Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section's source code: Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Art%C3%AA%C5%9Fa_Pasdaran_%C3%AAn_%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî">Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Artêşa Pasdaran ên Şoreşa Îslamî bi kurtî sepahê pasdaran jî tê nasîn. 22 nîsana 1979ê de ji aliyê Ayetula Xûmênî ve hate damezirandin. Ji 5 beşan pêk tê. </p> <ol><li>Hêzên bejahî</li> <li>Hêzên hewafezayî</li> <li>Hêzên deryayî</li> <li>Hêza Qudsê</li> <li>Hêza Besîc</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wezareta_Parastin_û_Alîkarkirina_Hêzên_Çekdarî"><span id="Wezareta_Parastin_.C3.BB_Al.C3.AEkarkirina_H.C3.AAz.C3.AAn_.C3.87ekdar.C3.AE"></span>Wezareta Parastin û Alîkarkirina Hêzên Çekdarî</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=60" title="Beşê biguhêre: Wezareta Parastin û Alîkarkirina Hêzên Çekdarî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section's source code: Wezareta Parastin û Alîkarkirina Hêzên Çekdarî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wezareta Parastin û Alîkarkirina Hêzên Çekdarî di bin rêveberiya serokkomarê Îranê de ye. Lê hilbijartina wezîrê vê wezaretê di bin kontrola Rêberê Dînî de ye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Têkiliyên_derve_yên_Komara_Îslamî"><span id="T.C3.AAkiliy.C3.AAn_derve_y.C3.AAn_Komara_.C3.8Eslam.C3.AE"></span>Têkiliyên derve yên Komara Îslamî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=61" title="Beşê biguhêre: Têkiliyên derve yên Komara Îslamî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section's source code: Têkiliyên derve yên Komara Îslamî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_derve_y%C3%AAn_Komara_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên derve yên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê">Têkiliyên derve yên Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</a> bi rêya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wezareta_T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_Derve_ya_Komara_%C3%8Eslam%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wezareta Têkiliyên Derve ya Komara Îslamî ya Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Wezareta Têkiliyên Derve ya Komara Îslamî ya Îranê</a> birêve diçe. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_Ba%C5%9F%C3%BBr%C3%AA_Kurdistan%C3%AA_%C3%BB_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên Başûrê Kurdistanê û Îranê">Têkiliyên Başûrê Kurdistanê û Îranê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_Tirkiyey%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên Îran û Tirkiyeyê">Têkiliyên Îran û Tirkiyeyê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_DYAy%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên Îran û DYAyê">Têkiliyên Îran û DYAyê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_Iraq%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên Îran û Iraqê">Têkiliyên Îran û Iraqê</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tevgerên_dijrêjimî_û_etnopolîtîk_li_Îranê"><span id="Tevger.C3.AAn_dijr.C3.AAjim.C3.AE_.C3.BB_etnopol.C3.AEt.C3.AEk_li_.C3.8Eran.C3.AA"></span>Tevgerên dijrêjimî û etnopolîtîk li Îranê</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=62" title="Beşê biguhêre: Tevgerên dijrêjimî û etnopolîtîk li Îranê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section's source code: Tevgerên dijrêjimî û etnopolîtîk li Îranê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berî şoreşa îslamî ya Îranê gelek rêxistin û fraksiyonên polîtîk hebûn ku li dijî Şah Muhemed Reza têkoşîn dikirin. Bi giştî em dikarin van fraksiyon û tevgeran bi awayî tasnîf bikin: </p> <ol><li>Rêxistinên dînî: Ev rêxistin û fraksiyonên dînî bi giştî ji sê koman pêk dihat; grûbek bi serkêşiya Ayetulahê Mezin Şerîetmedarî çalakî dikirin, grûbek di bin tesîra fikrên Elî Şerîetî de bû, grûba dawiyê jî di bin tesîra Ayetula Xûmênî de bû û jixwe ev grûb piştî xistina Şahê Îranê ji text bûn desthilatên nû yên Îranê. Fikrên Elî Şerîetî gelek tesîr li mislimanên çepgir kiribû.</li> <li>Fraksiyonên têkildarî Eniya Neteweyî: Ev fraksyiyonên wiha bingeha xwe ji Mihemed Museddiq werdigirn ku sala 1953ê de petrola Îranê kiribû malê dewletê. Piştî ketina şahê Îranê serkêşê wan Mehdî Bazergan serokwezîr bû lê paşî Ayetula Xûmênî ev hikûmet hilweşand û ya xwe ava kir.</li> <li>Partiya Tudeh: Ev partî li sala 1920ê de bi daxuyandina Komara Îranê ya Sosyalîst dengê xwe bi navê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partiya_Kom%C3%BBn%C3%AEst_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partiya Komûnîst ya Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Partiya Komûnîst ya Îranê</a> belav kiribû. Li Gîlan bi alikariya gerîlayên xwe û alikariya Sovyetan ev xebat kiribûn. Lê ev komar hate hilweşandin û li sala 1931ê Partiya Komûnîst ya Îranê hate qedexe kirin. Piştî dagirkirina Sovyet û Ingilîzan li sala 1941ê de vê partiyê bi navê TUDEHê xwe aşkera kir û dest bi xebatan kir. Lê ji ber piştgiriya wan bo Sovyetan li sala 1953ê de ev rêxistin jî hate qedexe kirin. Ev rêxistin bi temamî çepgir e.</li> <li>Gerîlayên dijî rêjima monarşîk: Yek ji wan Fedaiyên Gel bûn ku her çend xwe sosyalîst bibînin jî gelek endamên wan ji Eniya Neteweyî bûn. Ya din Micahîdên Gel bû. Micahîdên Gel rêxistineke sosyalîst-îslamî bûn. Li gel Fedaiyên Gel li dijî hêzên şah şer dikirin. Micahîdên Gel piştî şoreşa Îslamî li dijî rêjima îslamî jî şerê gerîlayî berdewam kir û ta niha jî xebatên xwe berdewam dike.</li> <li>Tevgerên etnopolîtîk: Her çend azerî li Îranê piştî farsan duyem neteweyê qelebalix bin jî çi xebatên wan dijî rêjima şah tunebûn. Bi giştî di nav tevgerên îslamî de bûn. Kurdên Îranê bi rêya <a href="/wiki/PDK-%C3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="PDK-Î">PDK-Î</a> li dijî rêjimê şerê çekdarî dikir. Erebên Îranê bi rêxistinên Eniya Rizgariya Ahwazê û Ji Bo Rizgariya Erebîstanê Tevgera Şoreşgerî ya Demokratîk xebat û çalakî dikirin. Belûçên Îranê bi rêya Yekitiya Gelê Belûç xebat dikir. Piştî şoreşa îslamî jî ev hereketên neteweyî dîsa berdewamiya şerê çekdarî kirin li dijî rêjima Îranê</li></ol> <p>Piştî şoreşa îslamî gelek ji van fraksiyonan ji holê rabûn. Terefdarên şahê ji text ketî, niha li dijî rêjima îslamî xebatan dikin. Her wisa Micahîdên Gel jî niha li dijî rêjima îslamî xebatan dike. </p><p>Tevgerên dijrejîmî piştî şoreşa Îslamî ya di sala 1979ê de li Îranê û hatin qedexe kirin û bi awayekî dijrêjimî li derveyî welat û bi veşartî li nav welat xebat dikin. Em dikarin tevgerên dijrêjimî wek sê baskan bidin nasîn. Baska yekemîn piştgirên monarşiyê ne ku dixwazin dîsa malbata Pehlewiyan bibin desthilatdar li Îranê. Baskê duyem çepgirên Îslamî ne, ev kom jî dixwaze li Îranê dewleteke demokratîk û îslamî bê ava kirin. Baska sêyemîn jî tevgerên etnopolîtîk in ku ji aliyê gelên azadîxwazên Îranê tê qebûl kirin. Tevgerên etnopolîtîk ji modernîzma Îranê heta niha berdewam dikin. Li Îranî di dawiya sedsala 19emîn ta niha di serî de netewê Kurd û di sedsala 20ê de jî tevgerên Azerî, Ereb, Belûcî derketin nav siyaseta Îranê de. Her du baskên pêşiyê çareseriyê di guhertina sîstema Îranê de dibînin lê tevgerên etnopolîtîk çend demokratîze kirina Îranê û federalîzmê bixwazin jî carna ber bi serxwebûnxwaziyê ve diçe. Wek tê zanîn li sala 1946ê de Komara Kurdistan û Hikûmeta Netewî ya Azerbaycanê ber bi serxwebûnê ve diçûn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monarşîxwaz"><span id="Monar.C5.9F.C3.AExwaz"></span>Monarşîxwaz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=63" title="Beşê biguhêre: Monarşîxwaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section's source code: Monarşîxwaz"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ev partî û rêxistinên monarşîxwaz bi giştî dixwazin malbata Pehlewî bibe desthilatdar û hemû li derveyî welat dijîn. </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BBraya_Netew%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şûraya Netewî ya Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Şûraya Netewî ya Îranê</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enc%C3%BBmena_Pad%C3%AE%C5%9Fah%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encûmena Padîşahî ya Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Encûmena Padîşahî ya Îranê</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hizba_Me%C5%9Frut%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA-L%C3%AEberal_Demokrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hizba Meşrutî ya Îranê-Lîberal Demokrat (rûpel hê tune)">Hizba Meşrutî ya Îranê-Lîberal Demokrat</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Çepgir"><span id=".C3.87epgir"></span>Çepgir</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=64" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çepgir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section's source code: Çepgir"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Micah%C3%AEd%C3%AAn_Gel" class="mw-redirect" title="Micahîdên Gel">Micahîdên Gel</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BBraya_Netew%C3%AE_ya_Berxwedana_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şûraya Netewî ya Berxwedana Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Şûraya Netewî ya Berxwedana Îranê</a></li></ol> <p>Micahîdên Gel berî şoreşa îslamî hat damezrandin û piştî pêvçûna wan di gel îslamîstên Îranê de li dijî vê rêjimê têkoşîna çekdarî li sala 1980ê de da destpê kirin. Li sala 1984ê de jî ji Îranê hatin derxistin û li Iraqê binecih bûn. Ji ber şerê Îran û Iraqê yê li sala 1980ê heta 1988ê Micahîdên Gel gelek alîkarî ji Sedam Hiseyn wergirt. </p><p>Piştî dagirkirina Iraqê Îranê gelek hewl da ku Iraq baregehên Micahîdên gel bigire lê ji ber DYAyê nekarî bide girtin. Li sala 2016ê Micahîdên Gel bi awayek fermî ji Iraqê hate derxistin<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tevgerên_etnopolîtîk"><span id="Tevger.C3.AAn_etnopol.C3.AEt.C3.AEk"></span>Tevgerên etnopolîtîk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=65" title="Beşê biguhêre: Tevgerên etnopolîtîk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section's source code: Tevgerên etnopolîtîk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Kongreya_Neteweyan_ji_bo_%C3%8Erana_Federal" title="Kongreya Neteweyan ji bo Îrana Federal">Kongreya Neteweyan ji bo Îrana Federal</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Piştî derbeya leşkerî ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reza_Pehlew%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reza Pehlewî (rûpel hê tune)">Reza Pehlewî</a>, Îran ber bi modernîzmekê ve diçû. Bi dûçûna fikrên netewe-dewlet jinûve li Îranê jiyan, civak, siyaset, dîrok hwd. hatin şirove kirin. Her çend zimanê farisî li Îranê pêşketî û serdest bibe jî, neteweperestiya fars li Îranê bi desthilata Reza Pehlewî destpê kir. Neteweyê fars li Îranê di navenda her siyasetê de ye. Piştî Şoreşa Îslamî her çend fikrên Îranîbûn hebin jî, van fikran rê li ber gelên dî negirt ku neteweperestiyê nekin. </p><p>Her çend li Îranê nifûsa bi milyonan nêzî 10 gelan nifûs hebe jî, bi giştî li Îranê li dijî Îranê 4 gel bi awayekî aktîf xebatan dikin. Tevgerên etnopolîtîk bi giştî di bin sîwana <a href="/wiki/Kongreya_Netewan_ji_bo_%C3%8Erana_Federal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongreya Netewan ji bo Îrana Federal">Kongreya Netewan ji bo Îrana Federal</a> de kombûn e. Lê hindek jî serbixwe tevgera xwe dikin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tevgerên_kurdan"><span id="Tevger.C3.AAn_kurdan"></span>Tevgerên kurdan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=66" title="Beşê biguhêre: Tevgerên kurdan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section's source code: Tevgerên kurdan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEroka_Rojhilat%C3%AA_Kurdistan%C3%AA" title="Dîroka Rojhilatê Kurdistanê">Dîroka Rojhilatê Kurdistanê</a> </i></div></dd> <dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eore%C5%9Fa_Rojhilata_Kurdistan%C3%AA" title="Şoreşa Rojhilata Kurdistanê">Şoreşa Rojhilata Kurdistanê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Serhildanên kurdan li Rojhilata Kurdistanê bi navûdeng in. Pêşiyê li sala 1880ê de li Şemzînanê ber bi Urmiyê û Mehabadê ve ji aliyê Şêx Ubeydelayê Nehrî ve serhildan hate destpêkirin. Gelek axa Rojhilata Kurdistanê ket bin destê Şêx Ubeydela de. Lê bi alikariya osmaniyan, qacariyan dawî li vê hereketê anî. Li sala 1919ê de jî ji aliyê <a href="/wiki/Simkoy%C3%AA_%C5%9Eikak" title="Simkoyê Şikak">Simkoyê Şikak</a> ve rizgarkirina Rojhilata Kurdistanê hate destpêkirin. Simkoyê Şikak bajarên wek <a href="/wiki/Selmas" title="Selmas">Selmas</a>, Urmiye, Xoy, Mehabad, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eino" title="Şino">Şino</a> kirin bin desthilata xwe. Lê ev herekete jî li sala 1929ê de bi kuştina Simkoyê Şikak a hovane hate vemirandin. Piştî vê bûyerê li Kurdên Rojhilata Kurdistanê, di nava rewşenbîr û serokeşîrên kurd de hestên neteweyî zêde bûn. Bi rêberiya Qazî Muhemmed sala 1946ê de bi alikariya Sovyetan Komara Kurdistanê hate avakirin. Lê ev komar 11 mehan jiya û hate rûxandin. Vê komarê ji bo Rojhilata Kurdistanê <a href="/wiki/PDK-%C3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="PDK-Î">PDK-Î</a> hêla bû û piştî rûxandina komarê ji aliyê PDKÎyê ve û paşî ji aliyên gelek partî û rêxistinên kurdî ve têkoşîna Rojhilata Kurdistanê heta niha dewam dike. </p><p>Kurdên Îranê ji ber cûdabûna mezhebê wan, têkiliyeke xurt nikarin dijî dewleta Îranê rêk bixin. Jixwe herdu tevgerên sereke Komala û PDKî ji herêma Mukriyan derketî ne ku herêma Mukriyan Sunî mezheb in. Li Kirmaşan, Îlam û Loristanê bi taybetî kurdên şîî, yaresan djîn. Ev kurdên şîî xwedî têkiliyên baş in li gel Komara Îslamî. Lêkolîner Robert Olson di vê mijarê de dibêje ku; </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color:inherit; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Li Îranê nêzî 1.5 milyon kurdên şîî hene, van kurdan rehendiya netewperweriya kurd di nav rêjima îslamî de ava kir. Yanî şoreşa îslamî li Îranê bo neteweperweriya kurd astengiyeke mezin derxist ku kurd bi xwebexşî tevlî şoreşa îslamî dibin </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite>— Kürt Meselesi ve Türkiye-İran İlişkileri, Robert Olson, r:110</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tevgerên_belûçan"><span id="Tevger.C3.AAn_bel.C3.BB.C3.A7an"></span>Tevgerên belûçan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=67" title="Beşê biguhêre: Tevgerên belûçan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section's source code: Tevgerên belûçan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAko%C5%9F%C3%AEna_bel%C3%BB%C3%A7an_li_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Têkoşîna belûçan li Îranê">Têkoşîna belûçan li Îranê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Gelê belûç li parêzgeha <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstan_%C3%BB_Bel%C3%BB%C3%A7istan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Sîstan û Belûçistan (parêzgeh)">Sîstan û Belûçistanê</a> dijîn. Her wisa hejmareke mezintir jî li <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanê</a> dijîn. Ev gel di navbera Îran û Pakistanê û Efxanistanê de dijîn. Ji layê mezhebî ve sunî ne û nijadeke aryanî ye. Di navbera van her du welatan de welatê wan heye û li vir gelek caran ticaretê dikin, hatinçûnan dikin. Ev jî dibe sedema binpêkirina qanûnên Îranê û Pakistanê. Ji ber vê jî pirsgirêkên mezin li navbera van dewletan û gelê belûç de heye. Bi vî alî dişibin kurdan. Ji aliyê din ji mezhebê sunî ne, ev jî ji bo rêjîma şîe ya Îranê wek tehdît tê dîtin. Ji ber van sedeman ji aliyê gelê belûç têkoşîna rizgarkirina welatê wan heye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tevgerên_ereban"><span id="Tevger.C3.AAn_ereban"></span>Tevgerên ereban</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=68" title="Beşê biguhêre: Tevgerên ereban" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section's source code: Tevgerên ereban"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%AAko%C5%9F%C3%AEna_ereban_li_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Têkoşîna ereban li Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Têkoşîna ereban li Îranê</a> </i></div></dd> <dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_Iraq%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên Îran û Iraqê">Têkiliyên Îran û Iraqê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Erebên li Îranê dijîn bi giştî ji mezheba şîî ne, her çend nêzîkatiyek bi vî awayî li gel rêjima Îranê çêbike jî, ji aliyê netewe jî xwe nêzîkî welatên ereb dibînin û dixwazin di herêmên xwe de xweser bin. Bi giştî li <a href="/wiki/X%C3%BBzistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xûzistan">Xûzistanê</a> û li <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_B%C3%BB%C5%9F%C3%AAhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Bûşêhr">Parêzgeha Bûşêhrê</a> dijîn. Li herêma Xûzistanê petrol derdikeve û ji bo aboriya Îranê ciheke girîng e. </p><p>Piştî derbeya leşkerî 1958ê li Îraqê, Evdilkerîm Qasim li ser <a href="/wiki/Ervendr%C3%BBd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ervendrûd">Ervendrûd</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eetelereb" title="Şetelereb">Şetelereb</a>) û Xorremşehr mafê dewleta xwe îlan kir ku ev der axa ereban e, ji ber vê jî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cepheya_Azad%C3%AE_ya_Ahwaz%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cepheya Azadî ya Ahwazê (rûpel hê tune)">Cepheya Azadî ya Ahwazê</a> ava kir.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piştî şerê Îran û Iraqê yê di sala 1980ê de qewimî, herêmên erebên Îranê di nava şer de man. Tê îdîakirin ku Sedam Huseyn gelek alîkarî dida ereban ku li Îranê krîzê derxînin. </p><p>Li sala 1999ê de ji aliyê neteweperestên ereban ve <a href="/wiki/Tevgera_Xebata_Ereb%C3%AE_ji_bo_Azadiya_Ahwaz%C3%AA" title="Tevgera Xebata Erebî ji bo Azadiya Ahwazê">Tevgera Xebata Erebî ji bo Azadiya Ahwazê</a> hate damezrandin. Piştî vê avakirina vê rêxistinê gelek çalakî bi navê vê tevgerê hatin kirin. </p><p>Di 22yê îlona 2018ê de li bajarê Ehwaza girêdayî parêzgeha Xûzistanê li dijî leşkeên Îranê êrîşek pêkhat. Di encama êrîşê de gelek leşkerên îranî hatin kuştin. Hereketûl Nidal an jî hereketa El Ehwazê li ser navê <a href="/w/index.php?title=Art%C3%AA%C5%9Fa_Berxwedana_Netewey%C3%AE_ya_Ehwaz%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artêşa Berxwedana Neteweyî ya Ehwazê (rûpel hê tune)">Artêşa Berxwedana Neteweyî ya Ehwazê</a> ev êrîş girt ser xwe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tevgerên_tirkên_Azerbaycanê_(azerî)"><span id="Tevger.C3.AAn_tirk.C3.AAn_Azerbaycan.C3.AA_.28azer.C3.AE.29"></span>Tevgerên tirkên Azerbaycanê (azerî)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=69" title="Beşê biguhêre: Tevgerên tirkên Azerbaycanê (azerî)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section's source code: Tevgerên tirkên Azerbaycanê (azerî)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAko%C5%9F%C3%AEna_azeriyan_li_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA" title="Têkoşîna azeriyan li Îranê">Têkoşîna azeriyan li Îranê</a> </i></div></dd> <dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Hik%C3%BBmeta_Netewey%C3%AE_ya_Azerbaycan%C3%AA" title="Hikûmeta Neteweyî ya Azerbaycanê">Hikûmeta Neteweyî ya Azerbaycanê</a> </i></div></dd> <dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAkiliy%C3%AAn_%C3%8Eran_%C3%BB_R%C3%BBsyay%C3%AA" title="Têkiliyên Îran û Rûsyayê">Têkiliyên Îran û Rûsyayê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Tirkên Azerbaycanê bi sedsalan e li Îranê bi rêya binemalên sefewiyan, qacaran, efşeran hikûm li Îranê dikir. Piştî derbeya leşkerî ya Reza Şah Pehlewî tesîra tirkan li Îranê li kêmê da. Piştê vê rûdanê li hîsên neteweyî li nav tirkan de mezin bûn. Li sala 1908ê de Îran ber bi mirina desthilata qacariyan de diçû. Wê demê Settar Xan li dijî hikûmraniya Şah û Liwaya Qazaxan li Azerbaycanê serhildan da destpê kirin. Lê ev hereket zû hate vemirandin. 24ê hezîrana 1920an de li Tebrîzê ji aliyê <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%AAx_Mihemed_Xiyaban%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şêx Mihemed Xiyabanî (rûpel hê tune)">Şêx Mihemed Xiyabanî</a> ve dewleta tirkan a bi navê Azadîstan hate damezirandin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:%C3%87avkan%C3%AE" title="Alîkarî:Çavkanî"><span title="Ji vê îdiayê re çavkaniyên pêbawer hewce ye. (adar 2024)">çavkanî hewce ye</span></a></i>]</sup> Lê 12ê îlona 1920an de ev desthilat ji aliyê hêzên Şah ve hate mirandin. 20 sal piştî van bûyeran li Tebrîzê bi alikariya Sovyetan Hikûmeta Netewî ya Azerbaycanê hate damezirandin. Lê ev jî 12 mehan jiya, paşî hate rûxandin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erdnîgarî"><span id="Erdn.C3.AEgar.C3.AE"></span>Erdnîgarî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=70" title="Beşê biguhêre: Erdnîgarî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section's source code: Erdnîgarî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Iran_topo-fr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Iran_topo-fr.jpg/220px-Iran_topo-fr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Iran_topo-fr.jpg/330px-Iran_topo-fr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Iran_topo-fr.jpg/440px-Iran_topo-fr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1291" /></a><figcaption>Nexşeya topografiya Îranê.</figcaption></figure> <p>Welatê Îran li navberî welatên <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Îraq">Îraq</a> li rojava, <a href="/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye">Tirkiye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a> û <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a> li bakurê rojava, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> û <a href="/wiki/Efxanistan" title="Efxanistan">Efxanistan</a> li rojhilatê, <a href="/wiki/Tirkmenistan" title="Tirkmenistan">Tirkmenistan</a> li bakurê rojhilatê ye. Herwisa li bakurê Îranê gola Kaspiyen an jî <a href="/wiki/Derya_Mazenderan" class="mw-redirect" title="Derya Mazenderan">Derya Mazenderan</a> heye. Li başûrê Îranê jî <a href="/wiki/Kendava_Faris%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendava Farisî">Kendava Farisî</a> û <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deryaya_Oman%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deryaya Omanê (rûpel hê tune)">deryaya Omanê</a> hene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dabeşkirina_Îranê"><span id="Dabe.C5.9Fkirina_.C3.8Eran.C3.AA"></span>Dabeşkirina Îranê</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=71" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dabeşkirina Îranê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section's source code: Dabeşkirina Îranê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bingeha dabeşkirina Îranê digehe <a href="/wiki/Dewleta_Sefewiyan" title="Dewleta Sefewiyan">Dewleta Sefewiyan</a>. Hemû Kurdistana modern di wê demê de di bin kontrola Safawiyan û di dewra Şah Ebbas de bû. Bi dûçûna sîstema Safawiyan dabeşkirina Îranê ya siyasî xwedî 22 parêzgehan bû. Parêzgehên Safawiyan : </p> <div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ol><li>Şîrvan</li> <li>Qerebax</li> <li>Çoxir Seed(erîvan9</li> <li>Azerbaycan(tebrîz)</li> <li>Erzîncan</li> <li>Elî Şeker(Hemedan)</li> <li>Îraqa Ecem</li> <li>Kirmanşan</li> <li>Fars(şîraz)</li> <li>Îraqa Ereb</li> <li>Diyarbekir</li> <li>Behbehan</li> <li>Kirman</li> <li>Qendehar</li> <li>Belh</li> <li>Merv</li> <li>Meşhed</li> <li>Herat</li> <li>Esterabad</li> <li>Xuzîstan</li> <li>Kurdistan</li> <li>Loristan<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></div> <p>Li Îranê di dewra Qacariyan de 8 parêzgeh hebûn, piştî Reza Şah dest dana ser desthilata Îranê hindek reform pêkanîn; parêzgehên Îranê ji 7 zêde kirin û bûn 15. Tehran, Azerbaycan, Fars, Gîlan, Mazenderan, Hemedan, Îsfahan, Kîrman, Kirmanşan, Xorasan, Erebîstan, Kurdistan, Loristan, Belucîstan û Benderên Kendavê </p><p>Bi dûçûna amarên dawî li <b>Îranê</b> 31 <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeh" title="Parêzgeh">parêzgeh</a> hene, 392 wilayet, 986 navçe hene û ji 1144 bajêr û ji 2513 gundan pêk tê. Hêjayî gotinê ye ku Parêzgeha Elburzê li sala 2010ê de unwana parêzgehê wergirt. </p><p>Bi dûçûna sîstema dabeşkirina Îranê de; Îran ji parêzgehan pêk tê, îranî jê re dibêjin <i>ostan</i>. Ev parêzgeh jî wek <i>şaristan</i> dabeş dibin. Di wan şaristanan de jî herêmên cuda hene. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Tehran">Parêzgeha Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Qom" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Qom">Parêzgeha Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Merkez%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Merkezî">Parêzgeha Merkezî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Qazw%C3%AAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Qazwên">Parêzgeha Qazwên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_G%C3%AElan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Gîlan">Parêzgeha Gîlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Erdeb%C3%AEl" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Erdebîl">Parêzgeha Erdebîl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Zencan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Zencan">Parêzgeha Zencan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycana_Rojhilat" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaycana Rojhilat">Azerbaycana Rojhilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycana_Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaycana Rojava">Azerbaycana Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Kurdistan">Parêzgeha Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Hemedan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Hemedan">Parêzgeha Hemedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Kirma%C5%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Kirmaşan">Parêzgeha Kirmaşan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_%C3%8Elam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Îlam">Parêzgeha Îlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luristan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Luristan (parêzgeh)">Luristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%BBzistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xûzistan">Xûzistan</a></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="16"> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87armihal_%C3%BB_Bextiyar%C3%AE_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Çarmihal û Bextiyarî (parêzgeh)">Çarmihal û Bextiyarî</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BBg%C3%AEluy%C3%AE_%C3%BB_Buw%C3%AAr_Ehmed_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Kûgîluyî û Buwêr Ehmed (parêzgeh)">Kûgîluyî û Buwêr Ehmed</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_B%C3%BB%C5%9F%C3%AAhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Bûşêhr">Parêzgeha Bûşêhr</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Fars" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Fars">Parêzgeha Fars</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hormozgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormozgan">Hormozgan</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEstan_%C3%BB_Bel%C3%BB%C3%A7istan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîstan û Belûçistan">Sîstan û Belûçistan</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Kirman" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Kirman">Parêzgeha Kirman</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Yezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Yezd">Parêzgeha Yezd</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_%C3%8Esfehan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Îsfehan">Parêzgeha Îsfehan</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%AAzgeha_Simnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parêzgeha Simnan">Parêzgeha Simnan</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mazenderan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazenderan">Mazenderan</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Gulistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulistan">Gulistan</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Xorasana_Bak%C3%BBr" class="mw-redirect" title="Xorasana Bakûr">Xorasana Bakûr</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Xorasana_Rezew%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Xorasana Rezewî">Xorasana Rezewî</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Xorasana_Ba%C5%9F%C3%BBr" class="mw-redirect" title="Xorasana Başûr">Xorasana Başûr</a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Elborz_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Elborz (parêzgeh)">Elborz</a> </li></ol> </td> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:IranNumbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/300px-IranNumbered.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/450px-IranNumbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/600px-IranNumbered.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parêzgehên_kurdnişîn"><span id="Par.C3.AAzgeh.C3.AAn_kurdni.C5.9F.C3.AEn"></span>Parêzgehên kurdnişîn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=72" title="Beşê biguhêre: Parêzgehên kurdnişîn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section's source code: Parêzgehên kurdnişîn"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg/250px-%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg/375px-%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg/500px-%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="2649" /></a><figcaption>Cihên kurd lê dijîn</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87armihal_%C3%BB_Bextiyar%C3%AE_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Çarmihal û Bextiyarî (parêzgeh)">Çarmihal û Bextiyarî (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Kurdistan (parêzgeh)">Kurdistan (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycana_Rojava_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Azerbaycana Rojava (parêzgeh)">Azerbaycana Rojava (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xorasana_Bakur_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Xorasana Bakur (parêzgeh)">Xorasana Bakur (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemedan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Hemedan (parêzgeh)">Hemedan (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirma%C5%9Fan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Kirmaşan (parêzgeh)">Kirmaşan (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Elam_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Îlam (parêzgeh)">Îlam (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luristan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Luristan (parêzgeh)">Luristan (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%BBzistan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Xûzistan (parêzgeh)">Xûzistan (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BBg%C3%AEluy%C3%AE_%C3%BB_Buw%C3%AAr_Ehmed_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Kûgîluyî û Buwêr Ehmed (parêzgeh)">Kûgîluyî û Buwêr Ehmed (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fars_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Fars (parêzgeh)">Fars (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BB%C5%9Fehr_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Bûşehr (parêzgeh)">Bûşehr (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Tehran (parêzgeh)">Tehran (parêzgeh)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rêvebirina_îdarî"><span id="R.C3.AAvebirina_.C3.AEdar.C3.AE"></span>Rêvebirina îdarî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=73" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêvebirina îdarî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section's source code: Rêvebirina îdarî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bi dûçûna rêvebirina îdarî ya Îranê, navên parçeyên dabeşkirî û rêvebirên parçeyan wiha ye<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rêveberina îdarî ya Îranê </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Cûreyên dabeşê</b></td> <td>Ostan (parêzgeh)</td> <td>Şehristan (şaristan, qeza, navçe)</td> <td>Bexş (nahiye)</td> <td>Dehistan (gundistan)</td> <td>Şehr (bajar)</td> <td>Rusta (gund) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Rêvebirê îdarî</b></td> <td>Ostandar (parêzgar)</td> <td>Fermandar (qeymeqam)</td> <td>Bexşdar (rêveberê nahiyê)</td> <td>Bexşdar (rêveberê gundistanê)</td> <td>Şehrdar (şaredar)</td> <td>Dehyar (muxtar) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Navê rêvebirinê</b></td> <td>Ostandarî (parêzgarî)</td> <td>Fermandarî (qeymeqamî)</td> <td>Bexşdarî (rêveberiya nahiyê)</td> <td>Bexşdarî (rêveberiya gundistanê)</td> <td>Şehrdarî (şaredarî)</td> <td>Dehyarî (muxtarî) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dîn"><span id="D.C3.AEn"></span>Dîn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=74" title="Beşê biguhêre: Dîn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section's source code: Dîn"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>98% ji akinciyên îranî <a href="/wiki/Misilman" title="Misilman">misilman</a> in; 89% şiî û 9% sunî ne. 2% <a href="/wiki/Mesih%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesihî">mesihî</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEd%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Êzîdî">êzîdî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baha%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahaî">bahaî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahud%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahudî">yahudî</a> û <a href="/wiki/Zerde%C5%9Ft%C3%AEt%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerdeştîtî">zerdeştî</a> ne.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mezheba fermî ya dewleta Îranê baskê Caferî <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eieya_Danzdeh_%C3%8Emaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Şieya Danzdeh Îmaman">Şieya Danzdeh Îmamane</a>. Ev mezheb nayê guherandin<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misliman">Misliman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=75" title="Beşê biguhêre: Misliman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section's source code: Misliman"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Şîî</li> <li>Sunî</li> <li>Yaresanî</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zerdeşt"><span id="Zerde.C5.9Ft"></span>Zerdeşt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=76" title="Beşê biguhêre: Zerdeşt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section's source code: Zerdeşt"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fele">Fele</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=77" title="Beşê biguhêre: Fele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section's source code: Fele"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Keldanî</li> <li>Asûrî</li> <li>Ermen</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cihû"><span id="Cih.C3.BB"></span>Cihû</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=78" title="Beşê biguhêre: Cihû" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section's source code: Cihû"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behayî"><span id="Behay.C3.AE"></span>Behayî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=79" title="Beşê biguhêre: Behayî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section's source code: Behayî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gelhe_û_ziman"><span id="Gelhe_.C3.BB_ziman"></span>Gelhe û ziman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=80" title="Beşê biguhêre: Gelhe û ziman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section's source code: Gelhe û ziman"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografiya_%C3%8Eran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografiya Îranê (rûpel hê tune)">Demografiya Îranê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Bi dûçûna amarên sala 2017ê gelheya Îranê 79,926,270 kes in<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zimanê fermî yê Îranê <a href="/wiki/Faris%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Farisî">farisî</a> ye, lê <a href="/wiki/Kurd%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdî">kurdî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azer%C3%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="Azerî">azerî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belu%C3%A7%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Beluçî">beluçî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ereb%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Erebî">erebî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Turkmen">turkmen</a> û gelek zimanên din jî lê tên peyivîn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gelên_Aryanî"><span id="Gel.C3.AAn_Aryan.C3.AE"></span>Gelên Aryanî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=81" title="Beşê biguhêre: Gelên Aryanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section's source code: Gelên Aryanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Fars" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars">Fars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">Kurd</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanc" title="Kurmanc">Kurmanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soran" class="mw-disambig" title="Soran">Soran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur%C3%AA_Mezin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lurê Mezin">Lurê Mezin</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bextiyar%C3%AE" title="Bextiyarî">Bextiyarî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamesen%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamesenî">Mamesenî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhg%C3%AElu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuhgîlu">Kuhgîlu</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur%C3%AE_Pi%C3%A7%C3%BBk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lurî Piçûk">Lurî Piçûk</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Feyl%C3%AE" title="Feylî">Feylî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek">Lek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelhur%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelhurî">Kelhurî</a></li></ol></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%BB%C3%A7" title="Belûç">Belûç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%9F%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Talişî">Talişî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AElek%C3%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="Gîlekî">Gîlekî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazenderan%C3%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="Mazenderanî">Mazenderanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatî">Tatî</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gelên_Turanî"><span id="Gel.C3.AAn_Turan.C3.AE"></span>Gelên Turanî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=82" title="Beşê biguhêre: Gelên Turanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section's source code: Gelên Turanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Azerî</li> <li>Tirkmen</li> <li>Qaşqayî</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gelên_Samî"><span id="Gel.C3.AAn_Sam.C3.AE"></span>Gelên Samî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=83" title="Beşê biguhêre: Gelên Samî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section's source code: Gelên Samî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Ereb</li> <li>Cihû</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gelên_Qefqasî"><span id="Gel.C3.AAn_Qefqas.C3.AE"></span>Gelên Qefqasî</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=84" title="Beşê biguhêre: Gelên Qefqasî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section's source code: Gelên Qefqasî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Ermen</li> <li>Gurcî</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aborî"><span id="Abor.C3.AE"></span>Aborî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=85" title="Beşê biguhêre: Aborî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section's source code: Aborî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Îranê şeş herêmên serbest yên ticaretê hene; </p> <ol><li>Herêma Serbest ya Kîşê: Kîş navê hemû giravên li Kendava Besrayê ye. Li vê derê ticaret di navbera Dubaîyê û Îranê tê kirin.</li> <li>Herêma Serbest ya Geşmê :Geşm li astengiya Hûrmûzê ye. Ticaret li gel Dubaiyê d-ye li vir.</li> <li>Herêma Serbest ya Çabahar: Li okyanûsa Hindê ye.</li> <li>Herêma Serbest ya Anzalî :Li behra Hezarê ye. Têkiliya ticaretê di navbera dewletên cîran ên Hezarê de ye.</li> <li>Herêma Serbest ya Arasê: Di navbera Îran, Ermenîstan, Azerbaycan û Nahcîvanê da ye.</li> <li>Herêma Serbest ya Ervendê: Li kendava Besrayê ye, nêzîkî Kuwêt û Iraqê ye.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cewherên_binerd"><span id="Cewher.C3.AAn_binerd"></span>Cewherên binerd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=86" title="Beşê biguhêre: Cewherên binerd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section's source code: Cewherên binerd"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li <a href="/wiki/Kirman" class="mw-disambig" title="Kirman">Kirman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yezd" title="Yezd">Yezd</a> û <a href="/wiki/Xorasana_Rezew%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Xorasana Rezewî">Xorasana Rezewî</a> ji aliyê hesin ve zengîn e. Her wisa li Serçeşme û Çehar Gonbeda girêdayî <a href="/wiki/Kirman" class="mw-disambig" title="Kirman">Kirmanê</a> ji aliyê mis,sifirê ve zengîn e. Risas û kalay li Yezd, Îsfahan û li herêmên Elburzê peyda dibe. Li Kirman û li Xorasana Başûr komira bisûd heye.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perwerdahî"><span id="Perwerdah.C3.AE"></span>Perwerdahî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=87" title="Beşê biguhêre: Perwerdahî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section's source code: Perwerdahî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Zanîngeha Erak, <a href="/wiki/Erak" title="Erak">Erak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Bij%C3%AE%C5%9Fk%C3%AE_ya_Babol%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Bijîşkî ya Babolê (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Bijîşkî ya Babolê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babol_(nav%C3%A7e)" title="Babol (navçe)">Babol (navçe)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Mazandaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Mazandaran (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Mazandaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babol_(nav%C3%A7e)" title="Babol (navçe)">Babol (navçe)</a></li> <li>Zanîngeha Îsfehan, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Esfehan" title="Îsfehan">Îsfehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Kurdistan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanîngeha Kurdistanê">Zanîngeha Kurdistanê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Kurdistan (parêzgeh)">Kurdistan (parêzgeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Firdews%C3%AE_Me%C5%9Fhed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Firdewsî Meşhed (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Firdewsî Meşhed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Me%C5%9Fhed" title="Meşhed">Meşhed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Raz%C3%AE" title="Zanîngeha Razî">Zanîngeha Razî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirman%C5%9Fah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirmanşah">Kirmanşah</a></li> <li>Zanîngeha Şîraz, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AEraz_(%C3%8Eran)" title="Şîraz (Îran)">Şîraz (Îran)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Tebr%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Tebrîzê (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Tebrîzê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tewr%C3%AAz" title="Tewrêz">Tewrêz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Tehran%C3%AA" title="Zanîngeha Tehranê">Zanîngeha Tehranê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> (di 1934 -an de hat damezrandin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Allameh_Tabataba%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Allameh Tabataba'i (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Allameh Tabataba'i</a>, Tehran (di 1950 de hate damezrandin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Hosmam_Husey%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Hosmam Huseyîn (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Hosmam Huseyîn</a>, Tehran (di 1986 de hate damezrandin)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Zanist_%C3%BB_Teknolojiy%C3%AA_ya_Iranran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Zanist û Teknolojiyê ya Iranranê (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Zanist û Teknolojiyê ya Iranranê</a>, Tehran</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Teknolojiya_Amirkabir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Teknolojiya Amirkabir (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Teknolojiya Amirkabir</a>, Tehran</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Teknolojiya_rifer%C3%AEf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Teknolojiya riferîf (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Teknolojiya riferîf</a>, Tehran</li> <li>Zanîngeha Zanistên Pizîşkî û Karûbarên Tenduristî ya Iranê, Tehran</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Zanist%C3%AAn_Bij%C3%AE%C5%9Fk%C3%AE_%C3%BB_Kar%C3%BBbar%C3%AAn_Tendurist%C3%AE_ya_Tehran%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Zanistên Bijîşkî û Karûbarên Tenduristî ya Tehranê (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Zanistên Bijîşkî û Karûbarên Tenduristî ya Tehranê</a>, Tehran</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Medicaleh%C3%AEd_Behesht%C3%AE_ya_Zanist%C3%AAn_Piz%C3%AE%C5%9Fk%C3%AE_%C3%BB_Kar%C3%BBbar%C3%AAn_Tendurist%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Medicalehîd Beheshtî ya Zanistên Pizîşkî û Karûbarên Tenduristî (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Medicalehîd Beheshtî ya Zanistên Pizîşkî û Karûbarên Tenduristî</a>, Tehran</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Zan%C3%AEngeha_Teknolojiya_N._Toosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Zanîngeha Teknolojiya N. Toosi (rûpel hê tune)">K. Zanîngeha Teknolojiya N. Toosi</a>, Tehran</li> <li>Zanîngeha Yezd, <a href="/wiki/Yezd" title="Yezd">Yezd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Islamicslam%C3%AE_ya_Azad_Damavand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Islamicslamî ya Azad Damavand (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Islamicslamî ya Azad Damavand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demavend_(nav%C3%A7e)" title="Demavend (navçe)">Demavend (navçe)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Tekn%C3%AEk%C3%AE_ya_Mohajer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Teknîkî ya Mohajer (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Teknîkî ya Mohajer</a>, Îsfehan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zan%C3%AEngeha_Chameh%C3%AEd_%C3%87emran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanîngeha Chamehîd Çemran (rûpel hê tune)">Zanîngeha Chamehîd Çemran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehvaz" title="Ehvaz">Ehvaz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çand"><span id=".C3.87and"></span>Çand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=88" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çand" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section's source code: Çand"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pirtûk"><span id="Pirt.C3.BBk"></span>Pirtûk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=89" title="Beşê biguhêre: Pirtûk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section's source code: Pirtûk"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Son Devrimci Ayetullah Humeyni, Baqer Moin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&veaction=edit&section=90" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Eran&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section's source code: Çavkanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖzçelik2002">Özçelik 2002</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFÖzçelik2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategor%C3%AE:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorî:Harv and Sfn template errors (rûpel hê tune)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaya2015167-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaya2015167_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaya2015">Kaya 2015</a>, r. 167.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFKaya2015 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategor%C3%AE:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorî:Harv and Sfn template errors (rûpel hê tune)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002130-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzçelik2002130_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖzçelik2002">Özçelik 2002</a>, r. 130.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFÖzçelik2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategor%C3%AE:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorî:Harv and Sfn template errors (rûpel hê tune)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaya2015168-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaya2015168_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaya2015">Kaya 2015</a>, r. 168.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFKaya2015 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategor%C3%AE:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorî:Harv and Sfn template errors (rûpel hê tune)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buniyatov, Z. The State of Khwarazmshah-Anushteginids. 1097—1231 М., 1986. pages 41-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biran, Michel, The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Man, "Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection", 6 Feb. 2007. Page 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.E. Bosworth, The Ghaznavids: 994-1040, Edinburgh University Press, 1963, page 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernand Grenard, Asya'nın Yükselişi ve Düşüşü, Çev;Orhan Yüksel,İstanbul, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı,1992,r:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walther Hinz, Uzun Hasan ve Şeyh Cüneyd, çev:Tevfik Bıyıklıoğlu, 2.Baskı, Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1992, r:5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurd û Ecem, Dîroka Siyasî ya Kurdên Îranê, Salih Mihemed Emîn,r:36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurd û Ecem, Dîroka Siyasî ya Kurdên Îranê, Salih Mihemed Emîn,r:39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kürt Milliyetçiliğinin Tarihi, Kökeni ve Gelişimi-Wadie Jwaideh-r:50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurd û Ecem, Dîroka Siyasî ya Kurdên Îranê, Salih Mihemed Emîn,r:42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurd û Ecem, Dîroka Siyasî ya Kurdên Îranê, Salih Mihemed Emîn,r:52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Kürt Milliyetçiliğinin Tarihi, Gelişimi ve Kökeni, Wadie Jwaideh, r:51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.Mirzayi, Tarihe Berigard ve Diviziyune Kazak</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Military Attache, Memorandum on the Persian Army</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-academia.edu-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-academia.edu_19-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-academia.edu_19-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.academia.edu/8891882/Anglo_Persian_Oil_Companyden_British_Petroleuma_İngilterenin_İrandaki_Petrol_Macerası">http://www.academia.edu/8891882/Anglo_Persian_Oil_Companyden_British_Petroleuma_İngilterenin_İrandaki_Petrol_Macerası</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ervand Abrahamian, The Modern History Of Iran, r:79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Soğuk Savaşın İlk Çatışması İran Azerbaycanı, Cemil Hasanlı, r:34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">İran:Ketlenmiş Halk, Hamid Dabashi, Metis Yyaınları, r:133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Soğuk Savaşın İlk Çatışması İran Azerbaycanı, Cemil Hasanlı, r:40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ervand Abrahamian, Modern İran Tarihi,r:138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Soğuk savaşın İlk Çatışması İran Azerbaycanı, Cemil Hasanlı, r:65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ervand Abrahamian, Modern İran Tarihi,r:211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ervand Abrahamian, Modern İran Tarihi,r:212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">İran:Ketlenmiş Halk, Hamid Dabashi, Metis Yyaınları, r:180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ervand Abrahamian, Modern İran Tarihi,r:220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1850135">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314073903/https://pwerth.faculty.unlv.edu/Const-Iran(abridge).pdf">"Kopîkirina arşîvê"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pwerth.faculty.unlv.edu//Const-Iran(abridge).pdf">orîjînalê</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> di 14 adar 2020 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">22 sibat</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kop%C3%AEkirina+ar%C5%9F%C3%AEv%C3%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpwerth.faculty.unlv.edu%2F%2FConst-Iran%28abridge%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Eran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kovara Maduniyet, r:7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html">http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/irak-halkin-mucahitleri-orgutunun-varligina-son-verdi/644530">https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/irak-halkin-mucahitleri-orgutunun-varligina-son-verdi/644530</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhammed R. Hafiziniya, İran Jeopolitiği ve Siyasi Coğrafyası, r:269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhemmed Purkemal, Teqsimatî Siyasiyî Îdarîyî Îran, r:7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ezîzullah Beyat, Kulliyati Coxrafyayî Tabiî ve Tarixiyî Îran, r:106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%A7/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C">https://www.amar.org.ir/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%A7/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html"><i>Kopîkirina arşîvê</i></a>, ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html">orîjînalê</a> di 3 sibat 2012 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">, roja gihiştinê 2 tîrmeh 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kop%C3%AEkirina+ar%C5%9F%C3%AEv%C3%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Eran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Makezagona Cumhuriya Îslam ya Îranê, r:64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1850135"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517142922/http://en.mfa.ir/index.aspx?fkeyid=&siteid=3&fkeyid=&siteid=3&pageid=2140"><i>Kopîkirina arşîvê</i></a>, ji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.mfa.ir/index.aspx?fkeyid=&siteid=3&fkeyid=&siteid=3&pageid=2140">orîjînalê</a> di 17 gulan 2019 de hat arşîvkirin<span class="reference-accessdate">, roja gihiştinê <span class="nowrap">12 gulan</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kop%C3%AEkirina+ar%C5%9F%C3%AEv%C3%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.mfa.ir%2Findex.aspx%3Ffkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D3%26fkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D3%26pageid%3D2140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fku.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Eran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Şablon:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorî:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">lînk</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">İran Jeopolitiği, Muhammed R. 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aria-labelledby="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Kontrola_otor%C3%AEte" class="mw-redirect" title="Alîkarî:Kontrola otorîte">Danegehên kontrola otorîteyê</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers" title="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre"><img alt="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navneteweyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204889/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404539679">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149669363">VIAF</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2945159337534613150000">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtrYvcVTwChrDqytBvJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neteweyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90221401">Norwêc</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000270238">Şîle</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451360">Spanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153420449">Fransa</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153420449">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981061103965506706">Ketelonya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027653-3">Almanya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559654805171">Îsraêl</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79039880">DYA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564213">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Írán"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131735&CON_LNG=ENG">Komara Çekî</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35236304">Awistralya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/633">Vatîkan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cografî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a63fbc7f-af00-33c7-8616-3e86df9fc16b">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Akademîk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Iran"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01363859?l=en">CiNii</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hunermend</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/03ebe7c5-ec5a-4b92-85e6-28f8c4ffbb97">KulturNav</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/12696/">Victoria</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Însan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/876427">Trove</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/vePVRKUd">Parlemana Keyaniya Yekbûyî</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yên din</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=12589">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003410">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044493">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488655">IdRef</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488930">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/iran">Ensîklopediya Îslamê</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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