Council on Foreign Relations

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class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/energy-and-environment/climate-change" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Climate Change </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/backgrounder/paris-global-climate-change-agreements " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2020/10/climate.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Introduction Over the last several decades, governments have collectively pledged to slow global warming. But despite intensified diplomacy, the world is already facing the consequences of climate…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Lindsay Maizland and <a href="/bio/clara-fong" class="card-article__authors-link">Clara Fong</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 21, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/renewing-america" class="card-article__series"> Renewing America </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/defense-and-security" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Defense & Security</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/diplomacy-and-international-institutions" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Diplomacy & International Institutions</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/economics" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Economics</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/energy-and-environment" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Energy & Environment</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/health" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Health</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/human-rights" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/politics-and-government" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Politics & Government</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/social-issues" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Social Issues</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/regions" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Regions</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/myanmar" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Myanmar </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/backgrounder/myanmar-history-coup-military-rule-ethnic-conflict-rohingya " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Myanmar’s Troubled History</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2021/02/myanmarbgr.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Introduction Throughout its decades of independence, Myanmar has struggled with military rule, civil war, poor governance, and widespread poverty. A military coup in February 2021 dashed hopes for…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Lindsay Maizland</span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 31, 2022</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/americas" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Americas</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/asia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Asia</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Europe & Eurasia</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/global-commons" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Global Commons</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/middle-east-and-north-africa" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Middle East & North Africa</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/oceania" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Oceania</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/explainers" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Explainers</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/health" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Health </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/how-new-tobacco-control-laws-could-help-close-racial-gap-us-cancer " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2023/01/GettyImages-1409152899_Resized_0.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">During the 2020 presidential campaign, Joe Biden promised that his administration would make a “historic effort” to reduce long-running racial inequities in health. Tobacco use—the leading cause of p…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Interactive</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Olivia Angelino, <a href="/expert/thomas-j-bollyky" class="card-article__authors-link">Thomas J. 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Cohen to advance the rule of law in East Asia. The founder of the study of Chinese law in the United States and a tireless advocate for human rights, Cohen…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Book</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/jerome-cohen" class="card-article__authors-link">Jerome A. 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Peter McColough Series on International Economics: A Conversation with Michael S. Barr (171796)</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2025/02/Michael%20Barr.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Vice Chair for Supervision Michael S. Barr discusses the potential impacts of AI on financial stability and the regulatory considerations surrounding it. The C. 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class="top-package-dual__articles_primary"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia/germany" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Germany </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/expert-brief/germanys-governance-test-after-far-right-electoral-surge " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">What’s Next After Germany’s Far-Right Electoral Surge?</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/GermanyElex_EB_2.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Friedrich Merz looks poised to lead his center-right alliance into a coalition with the Social Democrats, but he faces an emboldened far right, economic challenges, and crisis diplomacy over European security.</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Expert Brief</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/liana-fix" class="card-article__authors-link">Liana Fix</a> and Jack Silverman</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 24, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="top-package-dual__articles_secondary"> <section class="card-article card-article--offsite card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia/germany" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Germany </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/germany/germany-center-can-hold" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4"> In Germany, the Center Can Hold <span class="card-article__link-out"> <svg viewBox="0 0 18 18" class="icon icon-link-out" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Link</title> <path d="M9.872 1.381H1.381v15.238h15.238v-8.19m-6.095-.953l6.095-6.095m-3.809 0h3.809v3.81" class="icon-stroke" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> </p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/2025%20Hamburg%20Election%20Posters_1.JPG.webp)"></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__authors"> with <a href="/expert/liana-fix" class="card-article__authors-link">Liana Fix</a> and Peter Sparding </span> <span class="card-article__source"> via Foreign Affairs</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 20, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> <section class="card-article card-article--offsite card-article--with-no-image"> <div class="card-article__container"> <div class="card-article__featured-expert--mobile"> <span class="card-article__featured-expert-fullname clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="3"> Sander Tordoir </span> </div> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <span class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> </span> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.cer.eu/publications/archive/policy-brief/2025/how-german-industry-can-survive-second-china-shock" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4"> How German Industry Can Survive the Second China Shock <span class="card-article__link-out"> <svg viewBox="0 0 18 18" class="icon icon-link-out" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Link</title> <path d="M9.872 1.381H1.381v15.238h15.238v-8.19m-6.095-.953l6.095-6.095m-3.809 0h3.809v3.81" class="icon-stroke" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> </p> </div> </a> </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Sander Tordoir and <a href="/expert/brad-w-setser" class="card-article__authors-link">Brad W. Setser</a> </span> <span class="card-article__source"> via Centre for European Reform</span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 16, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="top-package-dual__package top-package-dual__package--second " > <div class="cards-column cards-column--with-caption"> <span class="cards-column__topic-tag vimeo-hide-on-play "> <a href="https://www.cfr.org/initiative/ukraine"> War in Ukraine </a> </span> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/foreign-policy" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Foreign Policy </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/art-ukraine-deal " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The Art of a Ukraine Deal</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_article_homepage_l_380_x_253_2x/public/2025-02/UkraineDeal_HP.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit">Paula Bronstein/Getty Images</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine coincides with a push by President Trump for an end to the war that could result in significant Ukrainian concessions to Russia.</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/michael-froman" class="card-article__authors-link">Michael Froman</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 21, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article card-article--offsite card-article--with-no-image"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <span class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> </span> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/russia/ukraine-war-strategy-negotiations-thomas-wright" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4"> The Right U.S. Strategy for Russia-Ukraine Negotiations <span class="card-article__link-out"> <svg viewBox="0 0 18 18" class="icon icon-link-out" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Link</title> <path d="M9.872 1.381H1.381v15.238h15.238v-8.19m-6.095-.953l6.095-6.095m-3.809 0h3.809v3.81" class="icon-stroke" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> </p> </div> </a> </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Thomas Wright </span> <span class="card-article__source"> via Foreign Affairs</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 24, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article report card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia/ukraine" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Ukraine </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/report/rebuilding-ukraine " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Rebuilding Ukraine</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/image/2025/02/Option%201.2.jpg></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">To rebuild Ukraine’s economy successfully, argue the authors, policymakers should help facilitate the return of Ukrainian workers and private investment by developing a long-term recovery strategy. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Report</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Charles Becker, Peter Devine, Aaron Lam, Michelle Schultze and Eva Spektorov </span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 21, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/center-preventive-action" class="card-article__series"> Center for Preventive Action </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="top-package-secondary top-package-secondary--4up"> <div class="top-package-secondary__article-groups"> <div class="cards-column"> <span class="cards-column__topic-tag vimeo-hide-on-play "> <a href="/americas/ecuador"> Ecuador </a> </span> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/ecuador" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Ecuador </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/expert-brief/ecuadors-next-president-will-face-debt-drought-and-gangs " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The Challenges Facing Ecuador’s Next President</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/2025-02/Ecuador_HP.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">April’s runoff election could decide whether Ecuador continues a descent into instability and violence, or charts a new course. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Expert Brief</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/will-freeman" class="card-article__authors-link">Will Freeman</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 20, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/ecuador" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Ecuador </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/blog/can-ecuador-avoid-becoming-narco-state " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Can Ecuador Avoid Becoming a Narco-State?</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2024/02/RTSU4XY0.JPG.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Criminal groups have captured parts of the state. A broad political coalition must fight corruption and root them out. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Post</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/will-freeman" class="card-article__authors-link">Will Freeman</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 14, 2024</span> <a href="/blog/latin-americas-moment" class="card-article__series"> Latin America’s Moment </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article podcast_episode card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/latin-america" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Latin America </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/podcasts/latin-americas-crime-surge-will-freeman " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Latin America’s Crime Surge</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 25" class="icon icon-podcast" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Podcast</title> <path d="M8.005 20.469v3.489h3.283a.523.523 0 0 1 0 1.042H3.712a.523.523 0 0 1 0-1.042h3.282v-3.49C2.954 20.183 0 16.929 0 12.76c0-.78 1.06-.78 1.06 0 0 3.646 2.88 6.64 6.44 6.64 3.56 0 6.439-2.994 6.439-6.64a.533.533 0 0 1 1.061 0c0 4.167-2.954 7.422-6.995 7.709m4.292-15.495v7.76c0 2.76-2.12 4.975-4.798 4.975-2.676 0-4.797-2.24-4.797-4.975v-7.76C2.702 2.239 4.823 0 7.499 0c2.678 0 4.798 2.239 4.798 4.974m-1.01 7.76v-1.276H9.016c-.505 0-.505-.781 0-.781h2.273V9.375H9.015c-.505 0-.505-.781 0-.781h2.273V7.29H9.015c-.505 0-.505-.78 0-.78h2.273V4.974c0-2.136-1.718-3.88-3.789-3.88-2.07 0-3.787 1.744-3.787 3.88V6.51h2.273c.505 0 .505.78 0 .78H3.712v1.303h2.273c.505 0 .505.781 0 .781H3.712v1.302h2.273c.505 0 .505.781 0 .781H3.712v1.276c0 2.135 1.717 3.88 3.787 3.88 2.071 0 3.789-1.745 3.789-3.88" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2023/08/230801_tpi%20pic.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Will Freeman, a fellow for Latin America studies at CFR, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss spiking crime rates across Latin America and their consequences for the region and the United States. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <a href="/podcasts" class="card-article__publication-type">Podcast</a> <span class="card-article__authors"> with <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/james-m-lindsay" class="card-article__authors-link">James M. Lindsay</a> and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/will-freeman" class="card-article__authors-link">Will Freeman</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> August 1, 2023</span> <a href="/podcasts/presidents-inbox" class="card-article__series"> The President’s Inbox </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="cards-column"> <span class="cards-column__topic-tag vimeo-hide-on-play "> <a href="https://www.cfr.org/trade-tariffs-and-trumponomics"> Tariffs </a> </span> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> RealEcon </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/donald-trump-wants-reciprocity-trade-heres-closer-look " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">A Closer Look at Trump’s Trade Reciprocity Agenda</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/2025-02/ReciprocalTariffs_HP.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The president’s plan for reciprocal tariffs sounds good in theory. But there was a reason the United States abandoned the approach a century ago. The gains would be few and the costs enormous. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/edward-alden" class="card-article__authors-link">Edward Alden</a> and <a href="/expert/jennifer-hillman" class="card-article__authors-link">Jennifer Hillman</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 14, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__series"> RealEcon </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/economics/trade" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Trade </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/what-trumps-aluminum-and-steel-tariffs-will-mean-six-charts " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">What Trump’s Aluminum and Steel Tariffs Will Mean, in Six Charts</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/TariffsSteel_EB.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">President Trump plans to impose fresh tariffs on all aluminum and steel imports, seeking to curb China’s growing dominance in global trade. These six charts show the tariffs’ potential economic effects. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/shannon-k-oneil" class="card-article__authors-link">Shannon K. O'Neil</a> and <a href="/bio/julia-huesa" class="card-article__authors-link">Julia Huesa</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 14, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> RealEcon </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/trumps-national-security-tariffs " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The Pitfalls of Trump’s National Security Tariffs</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/artillery_picture_0.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Section 232 tariffs can backfire without exemptions, harming rather than helping national security. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/jonathan-e-hillman" class="card-article__authors-link">Jonathan E. Hillman</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 12, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__series"> RealEcon </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="cards-column"> <span class="cards-column__topic-tag vimeo-hide-on-play "> <a href="/us-india-relations"> U.S.-India Relations </a> </span> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/programs/china-strategy" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> China Strategy Initiative </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/india-united-states-and-future-international-trade-order " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">India and the Future of International Trade</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/2025-02/ModiTrump_HP.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">India has enjoyed bipartisan support in the U.S. as a critical economic counterbalance to China, but the United States still has a tenuous grasp on its interests. In this series, three experts examine India’s position on digital trade, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and industrial policy. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/manjari-chatterjee-miller" class="card-article__authors-link">Manjari Chatterjee Miller</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 10, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/china-strategy" class="card-article__series"> China Strategy Initiative </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> RealEcon </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/its-time-us-india-trade-deal " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">It’s Time for a U.S.-India Trade Deal</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/01/Screenshot%202025-01-29%20152232.png.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">This time around, Modi and Trump should seize the opportunity to strike a substantial bilateral agreement. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/kenneth-i-juster" class="card-article__authors-link">Kenneth I. Juster</a> and Mark Linscott</span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 31, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__series"> RealEcon </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/india" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> India </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/how-india-disrupts-and-navigates-wto " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">How India Disrupts and Navigates the WTO</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/IndiaWTO_A.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">India’s influence at the World Trade Organization has grown following a notable decline of U.S. power within the organization, but its opportunism and obstructionism could weaken its potential to benefit fully from the international trading system. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/inu-manak" class="card-article__authors-link">Inu Manak</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 10, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="cards-column"> <span class="cards-column__topic-tag vimeo-hide-on-play "> <a href="/global-commons/space"> Space </a> </span> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/global-commons/space" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Space </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/task-force-report/securing-space " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">A Plan for U.S. Action in Space</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/TFR_Space_HP_01_0.jpg></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">As outer space becomes more congested with debris and international tensions escalate, the threat to U.S. national security grows. The United States must act now to reassert its leadership and create pathways for management in this critical strategic domain. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Task Force Report</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Nina M. Armagno, Jane Harman, <a href="/expert/esther-brimmer" class="card-article__authors-link">Esther Brimmer</a> and <a href="/bio/anya-schmemann" class="card-article__authors-link">Anya Schmemann</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 11, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/united-states" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> United States </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/cfr-task-force-report-securing-space-plan-us-action " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Task Force Report: Securing Space</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/space%20force.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">In its new report, <em>Securing Space: A Plan for U.S. Action</em>, the CFR Task Force on Space Management Policy analyzes the challenges in low Earth orbit, where the acceleration in human space activity is most evident, and proposes recommendations for a U.S.-led international strategy to govern this increasingly congested and contested space. If you wish to attend virtually, log-in information and instructions on how to participate during the question and answer portion will be provided the evening before the event to those who register. Please note the audio, video, and transcript of this hybrid event will be posted on the CFR website. <strong>Members may bring a guest to this event.</strong>   </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Virtual Event</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Nina M. Armagno, Charles F. Bolden Jr., Esther Brimmer, Jane Harman, Ezinne Uzo-Okoro, Stephen J. Hadley and Nick Schifrin</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 11, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="cards-column__article"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/global-commons/space" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Space </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/why-space-national-security-priority " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Why Space Is a National Security Priority</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/TFR_OpEd_A.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The United States needs to restore its focus on space as a national security priority as conditions have changed and threats have multiplied. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Jane Harman, Nina M. Armagno and <a href="/expert/esther-brimmer" class="card-article__authors-link">Esther Brimmer</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 11, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div id="block-activehomepagesectionblock-2"> <div block="block-activehomepagesectionblock-2" class="homepage_section"> <div class="card-group card-group--media card-group--media-full card-group--theme-marine"> <div class="card-group__background"></div> <div class="card-group__content"> <h2 class="card-group__title"> Events <div class="button-container buttons-container--without-breakpoints button-container--color-transparent button-container--size-regular button-container--type-single card-group__btn-cta"> <a class=" button-container__btn" href="/cfr-presents" >View All</a> </div> </h2> <div class="card-group__lead-article"> <div class="card-group__lead-image "> <a href="/event/media-briefing-trump-russia-and-future-ukraine" > <div class="card-group__lead-cover-image bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/crop_preview_680x483/public/image/2025/02/Ukraine%20Media%20Briefing.jpg> </div> </a> </div> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia/ukraine" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Ukraine </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/media-briefing-trump-russia-and-future-ukraine " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Media Briefing: Trump, Russia, and the Future of Ukraine</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/Ukraine%20Media%20Briefing.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4"><em>Given recent developments in the Trump administration's approach to Russia and Ukraine, members are invited to join this virtual media briefing with CFR fellows.</em> As the third anniversary of the Russian invasion of Ukraine approaches, CFR experts provide insights on the talks between the United States and Russia, the reactions from Europe, and the path forward for Ukraine. To register for this virtual meeting, please click the<em> Register or Decline</em> button or reply to this email.  <em><strong>Please join the Zoom event at least five minutes before the start of the presentation by using the below details:</strong></em> <strong>Trump, Russia, and the Future of Ukraine</strong> <strong>Zoom Webinar ID</strong>: 848 1398 4959 <strong>Zoom Password</strong>: 862896 For additional analysis by CFR experts, please visit CFR’s Special Initiative on Securing Ukraine’s Future. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Virtual Event</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> with <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/stephen-sestanovich" class="card-article__authors-link">Stephen Sestanovich</a>, <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/thomas-graham" class="card-article__authors-link">Thomas Graham</a>, <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/charles-kupchan" class="card-article__authors-link">Charles A. Kupchan</a> and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/paul-b-stares" class="card-article__authors-link">Paul B. Stares</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 20, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="card-group__container"> <div class="card-group__card "> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/united-states" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> United States </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/foreign-influence-and-democratic-governance " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Foreign Influence and Democratic Governance</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/Democratic%20Governance.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Panelists discuss CFR’s recently released Council Special Report on foreign influence, democratic governance, and election interference. 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Eisen, Audrye Wong and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/miles-kahler" class="card-article__authors-link">Miles Kahler</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 20, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="card-group__card "> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/united-states" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> United States </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/c-peter-mccolough-series-international-economics-michael-s-barr " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics With Michael S. Barr</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/Michael%20Barr.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Vice Chair for Supervision Michael S. Barr discusses the potential impacts of AI on financial stability and the regulatory considerations surrounding it. The C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics brings the world’s foremost economic policymakers and scholars to address members on current topics in international economics. This meeting series is presented by the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <a href="/event" class="card-article__publication-type">Event</a> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Michael S. Barr and Andrew Ross Sorkin</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 18, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="card-group__card card-group__card--last"> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/united-states" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> United States </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/whats-next-global-health " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">What’s Next for Global Health?</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/02/Future%20of%20Global%20Health_0.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Following recent U.S. policies to refocus development spending and engagement, including the U.S. withdrawal from the World Health Organization, panelists discuss how the global health community can adapt its policies, programs, and financing. <strong>Please note there is no virtual component to the meeting.</strong> The audio, video, and transcript of this meeting will be posted on the CFR website. </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <a href="/event" class="card-article__publication-type">Event</a> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Isobel Coleman, Megan Ranney, Anil Soni and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/thomas-j-bollyky" class="card-article__authors-link">Thomas J. 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class="card-expert__expertise">Nigeria</a> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa" class="card-expert__expertise">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> <a href="/social-issues/religion" class="card-expert__expertise">Religion</a> </p> <span class="card-expert__follow-cta"></span> </div> <div class="card-expert__content"> <div> <a href="/blog/uncle-sam-goes-rogue" class="card-expert__content-link" > <p class="card-expert__content-title"> Uncle Sam Goes Rogue </p> </a> <p class="card-expert__content-metadata"> <span class="card-expert__publication-type"> Post </span> <span class="card-expert__date"> February 24, 2025 </span> <a href="/blog/africa-transition" class="card-expert__content-series"> Africa in Transition </a> </p> </div> <div> <a href="/blog/uncle-sam-goes-rogue" class="card-expert__content-link" > <div class="card-expert__content-info"> <span class="card-expert__content-image"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" width="80" height="80" 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</section> </div> <div class="expert-spotlight__expert splide__slide"> <section class="card-expert card-expert--with-offsite-content"> <div class="card-expert__container"> <div class="card-expert__info-block"> <div class="card-expert__avatar-container"> <span class="card-expert__avatar-block"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 1280px)" type="image/webp" width="556" height="556" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_expert_thumbnail_xxxl/public/profile-photos/RD%20Headshot%20Updated.webp?h=c3abdece 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="73" height="73" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_expert_thumbnail_l/public/profile-photos/RD%20Headshot%20Updated.webp?h=c3abdece 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 1023px) and (min-width: 750px)" type="image/webp" width="55" height="55" 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Boot</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> September 10, 2024</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="button-container buttons-container--without-breakpoints button-container--color-transparent button-container--size-regular button-container--type-single "> <a class=" button-container__btn" href="/publications" >View All</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="main-footer-anchor"></div> <footer class="main-footer"> <div class="main-footer__wrapper"> <a href="/" class="main-footer__logo-btn"> <svg viewBox="0 0 125 60" class="main-footer__logo-signature icon-logo-signature" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Council on Foreign Relations</title> <path d="M106.909 13.178c-.502.92-1.081 1.458-1.854 1.458-.713 0-1.01-.522-.975-1.458.062-1.772 1.163-4.833 2.824-4.833.6 0 .999.416.97 1.371-.026.912-.386 2.406-.965 3.462m-.055-5.377c-2.64 0-4.56 2.264-4.63 4.755-.04 1.428.743 2.647 2.703 2.647 3.06 0 4.676-2.7 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