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Sustainable Technologies

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</section> <!--googleon: all--> <div class="container"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb pt-3 text-uppercase"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/" class="pathway"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/2019" class="pathway"><span itemprop="name">2019</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/2019/entries" class="pathway"><span itemprop="name">Entries</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span itemprop="name"> Entries</span> <meta 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<img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1563532926/ctf/entries/2019/2019_06_28_17_05_17_soteriaarchitecture.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/f_auto,q_auto:best/v1574094747/ctf/extra/badges/2019/honorable_mention.jpg' class='w-35 lazyload blur-up' width='3' height='200' alt='' /><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/f_auto,q_auto:best/v1574094747/ctf/extra/badges/2019/top_100.jpg' class='w-35 lazyload blur-up' width='3' height='200' alt='' />The issue with lithium ion batteries is that in each one there is enough electrical energy to create a spark, and they are filled with a flammable electrolyte. The only thing preventing the spark is a thin plastic separator, sometimes less than 10 microns thick. If there is a defect or damage to the cell that penetrates the membrane,</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9813" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=91435"/> <a href="/profile?user=91435"> <span itemprop="name">Carl Hu</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Greenville</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">United States</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;3<br/>Views:&nbsp;3969</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-06-28">Jun 28, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9571-0522-134909-a-solution-for-global-warming" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> A Solution for Global Warming</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9571"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1559297328/ctf/entries/2019/2019_05_22_13_49_09_013.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>This solution is based on a strategy and an invention. Earth has its own system to balance its temperature. Human activity distrupts this balance. Earth reduces its temperature by ice poles as a natural cooling system. We should just help the poles to repair melted ice then reduce global warming.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9571" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=89984"/> <a href="/profile?user=89984"> <span itemprop="name">Sohaib Amini</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Saqqez</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">Iran</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;0<br/>Views:&nbsp;1908</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-05-22">May 22, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9547-0516-020014-a-warp-drive-motor" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> A Warp Drive Motor</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9547"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1558284988/ctf/entries/2019/2019_05_16_02_00_14_20190516101829.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>1) As already described in 2017 and 2018 entry a body sliding on an inclined plane can be supported by a thread or support perfectly parallel to the horizontal.The weight of a body that is unsupported even at the position of rest by this mechanism is maximum for a plane of inclination 45&deg;as explained mathematically in preprint manuscript doi:10.5281/zenodo.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9547" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=73521"/> <a href="/profile?user=73521"> <span itemprop="name">Gautam Narayan Baruah</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Jorhat</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">India</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;1<br/>Views:&nbsp;4117</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-05-16">May 16, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9761-0626-091244-absolute-unlimited-power-generation" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> Absolute, Unlimited Power Generation</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9761"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1561605720/ctf/entries/2019/2019_06_26_09_12_44_img20190626153729468.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>Absolute, unlimited power generation.</p> <p>Under the laws of physics, to produce electricity, a magnetic field must be inserted into the wire box.</p> <p>Movement of the paddle in the vacuum does not stop because it does not have air resistance.</p> <p>If we move the pendulum through the vacuum to the magnet and wrap the wrap around the pendulum,</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9761" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=91261"/> <a href="/profile?user=91261"> <span itemprop="name">Mard Tura</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Gijduvon</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">O'zbekiston</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;2<br/>Views:&nbsp;1944</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-06-26">Jun 26, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9779-0627-024828-agrimax-smart-hydroponics" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> AgriMax: Smart Hydroponics</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9779"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1563715436/ctf/entries/2019/2019_06_27_02_48_28_agrimaxmvpfinal.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>A Smart Hydroponic food module that monitors, grows and takes care of your plants. Our Vision is to foster behavior change among urban households towards farm produce and drive hyper-local urban production. We make farming so much simple and easy that now anybody can grow their own food.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9779" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=74490"/> <a href="/profile?user=74490"> <span itemprop="name">Subhajit Sinha</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Chennai</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">India</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;6<br/>Views:&nbsp;2360</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-06-27">Jun 27, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9378-0315-015932-air-quality-monitoring-drone" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> Air Quality Monitoring Drone</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9378"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1559190902/ctf/entries/2019/2019_03_15_01_59_31_abstract.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>We have developed an integrated air quality monitoring UAS which also has collision avoidance technique to avoid collision with real time obstacles while monitoring. We have used an ultrasonic sensor for collision avoidance and mq135 for air quality sensing. We have developed a program for displaying the pollution gas availablity in percentage instead of ppm.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9378" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=89451"/> <a href="/profile?user=89451"> <span itemprop="name">Eluckya T</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Chennai</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">India</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;0<br/>Views:&nbsp;2086</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-03-15">Mar 15, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9893-0701-024137-algae-biodiesel-a-stainable-fuel-for-power-generation-sector" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> Algae Biodiesel: a Sustainable Fuel for Power Generation Sector</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9893"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1565681094/ctf/entries/2019/2019_07_01_02_41_37_image1.png' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/f_auto,q_auto:best/v1576139226/ctf/extra/badges/2019/most_popular.jpg' class='w-35 lazyload blur-up' width='3' height='200' alt='' /><p>The global economy thrives on energy. Affordable energy directly contributes to increase productivity, reducing poverty and improving betterment of life. The global population is increasing day by day, which, in a way is leading to the utilization of natural resources and fossil fuels. Concentrating on the limited stock of fossil fuel,</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9893" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=62470"/> <a href="/profile?user=62470"> <span itemprop="name">Alpesh Mehta</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Godhra</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">India</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;150<br/>Views:&nbsp;3913</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-07-01">Jul 1, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9697-0620-013614-anti-theft-for-examination-papers" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> Anti Theft for Examination Papers</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9697"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1561870257/ctf/entries/2019/2019_06_20_01_36_14_1.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>Securing the examination paper is very difficult for many counties which do not use electronic examination. This is because there are too many places that the exam will have the risk of being stolen.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9697" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=89682"/> <a href="/profile?user=89682"> <span itemprop="name">Anteneh Gashaw</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Addis Ababa</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">Ethiopia</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;3<br/>Views:&nbsp;2326</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-06-20">Jun 20, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9529-0510-053502-aquatic-animals-sorting-mechanism" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> Aquatic Animals Sorting Mechanism</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9529"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1559176771/ctf/entries/2019/2019_05_10_05_35_02_1.jpg' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <p>This project is about building a new mechanism that can sort live aquatic animals in dams from intake canal without imposing any health risk on the animals and with lower operational cost than existing fish screen configuration to prevent them from damaging the power plant and themselves. This is done by using a sorting mechanism.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9529" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=89682"/> <a href="/profile?user=89682"> <span itemprop="name">Anteneh Gashaw</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Addis Ababa</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">Ethiopia</span> </span> </span></div> <div class="flex-fill px-2"> <a href="/2019/top-votes">Votes</a>:&nbsp;4<br/>Views:&nbsp;2091</div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies"> <span itemprop="articleSection">Sustainable Technologies</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-05-10">May 10, 2019</span></div></div> <!--</div>--> <!--</div>--> </div></div></div> <div class="" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="blog-entry card mb-4"> <div class="card-header bg-primary"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9984-0701-220701-astropharmacy" itemprop="url"> <h2 class="font-weight-normal mb-0 text-white"> Astropharmacy</h2> </a></div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <a href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9984"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_4:3,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1563723146/ctf/entries/2019/2019_07_01_22_07_01_astropharmacycreatethefuture.png' class='card-img rounded-0 border-end lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='' /></a></div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12"> <div class="card-body overflow-hidden"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/f_auto,q_auto:best/v1574094747/ctf/extra/badges/2019/honorable_mention.jpg' class='w-35 lazyload blur-up' width='3' height='200' alt='' /><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/f_auto,q_auto:best/v1574094747/ctf/extra/badges/2019/top_100.jpg' class='w-35 lazyload blur-up' width='3' height='200' alt='' /><p>What happens when an astronaut gets sick? Current missions require that astronauts take medications with them from Earth. But many medications degrade over time, especially protein drugs, and the necessary stockpile takes up precious mass and volume on a spacecraft. With the push towards long-term human missions to the Moon and Mars, this model is not sustainable.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" href="/2019/entries/sustainable-technologies/9984" itemprop="url">READ MORE <i class="fas fa-angle-right ms-2"></i></a></p></div></div></div> <div class="card-footer w-100 font-weight-normal py-2 text-muted"> <!--<div class="container">--> <!-- <div class="row">--> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-fill" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemref="thisauthor"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://contest.techbriefs.com/profile?user=91846"/> <a href="/profile?user=91846"> <span itemprop="name">Teaghan Cowles</span> </a> <br/> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality">Ridgefield</span>, <span itemprop="addressCountry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Country"> <span itemprop="name">United States</span> </span> </span></div> <div 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