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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Comparison with suspension bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_suspension_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Side-spar_cable-stayed_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side-spar_cable-stayed_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Side-spar cable-stayed bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side-spar_cable-stayed_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiple-span_cable-stayed_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple-span_cable-stayed_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Multiple-span cable-stayed bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple-span_cable-stayed_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extradosed_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extradosed_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Extradosed bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extradosed_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable-stayed_cradle-system_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable-stayed_cradle-system_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Cable-stayed cradle-system bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable-stayed_cradle-system_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_bridge_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_bridge_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related bridge types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_bridge_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related bridge types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_bridge_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-anchored_suspension_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-anchored_suspension_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Self-anchored suspension bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-anchored_suspension_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_cable-stayed_bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_cable-stayed_bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable cable-stayed bridges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_cable-stayed_bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cable-stayed bridge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelstutbrug" title="Kabelstutbrug – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kabelstutbrug" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جسر مدعوم بالكوابل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسر مدعوم بالكوابل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="তার আলম্বিত সেতু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তার আলম্বিত সেতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вантавы мост – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вантавы мост" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="केबिल पर टिकल पुल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="केबिल पर टिकल पुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вантов мост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вантов мост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_atirantat" title="Pont atirantat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pont atirantat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zav%C4%9B%C5%A1en%C3%BD_most" title="Zavěšený most – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zavěšený most" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_gablau" title="Pont gablau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pont gablau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C3%A5stagsbro" title="Skråstagsbro – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skråstagsbro" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%A4gseilbr%C3%BCcke" title="Schrägseilbrücke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schrägseilbrücke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantsild" title="Vantsild – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vantsild" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%86%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Καλωδιωτή γέφυρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλωδιωτή γέφυρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_atirantado" title="Puente atirantado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puente atirantado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stajponto" title="Stajponto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stajponto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirante-zubi" title="Tirante-zubi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tirante-zubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پل کابلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پل کابلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_%C3%A0_haubans" title="Pont à haubans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pont à haubans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droichead_staghch%C3%A1bla%C3%AD" title="Droichead staghcháblaí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Droichead staghcháblaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_de_tirantes" title="Ponte de tirantes – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ponte de tirantes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%90" title="사장교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사장교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="रज्जु कर्षण सेतु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रज्जु कर्षण सेतु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jembatan_kabel_pancang" title="Jembatan kabel pancang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jembatan kabel pancang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagbr%C3%BA" title="Stagbrú – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stagbrú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_strallato" title="Ponte strallato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ponte strallato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גשר מעוגן כבלים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גשר מעוגן כבלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons_rudentum" title="Pons rudentum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pons rudentum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantinis_tiltas" title="Vantinis tiltas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vantinis tiltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabelbr%C3%B6k" title="Kabelbrök – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kabelbrök" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdek%C3%A1beles_h%C3%ADd" title="Ferdekábeles híd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ferdekábeles híd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuibrug" title="Tuibrug – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tuibrug" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E5%BC%B5%E6%A9%8B" title="斜張橋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="斜張橋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C3%A5kabelbro" title="Skråkabelbro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skråkabelbro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C3%A5kabelbru" title="Skråkabelbru – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skråkabelbru" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantli_ko%CA%BBprik" title="Vantli koʻprik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vantli koʻprik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_wantowy" title="Most wantowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Most wantowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_estaiada" title="Ponte estaiada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ponte estaiada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вантовый мост – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вантовый мост" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of bridge with cables directly from towers to deck</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Cable-stayed bridge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Russky Bridge in Vladivostok has a central span of 1,104 metres (3,622 ft), the world's longest cable-stayed bridge span as of 2024."><img alt="The Russky Bridge in Vladivostok has a central span of 1,104 metres (3,622 ft), the world's longest cable-stayed bridge span as of 2024." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg/240px-%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg/360px-%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg/480px-%22Russian_bridge%22_in_Vladivostok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="1086" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Russky_Bridge" title="Russky Bridge">Russky Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> has a central span of 1,104 metres (3,622 ft), the world's longest cable-stayed bridge span as of 2024.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ancestor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">Suspension bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">Extradosed bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Side-spar_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Side-spar cable-stayed bridge">Side-spar cable-stayed bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-anchored_suspension_bridge" title="Self-anchored suspension bridge">Self-anchored suspension bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge">cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">Pedestrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">trucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Span range</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium to Long</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steel_rope" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel rope">Steel rope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-tensioned_concrete" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-tensioned concrete">post-tensioned concrete</a> <a href="/wiki/Box_girder" title="Box girder">box girders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> or <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> <a href="/wiki/Abutment" title="Abutment">pylons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movable</th><td class="infobox-data">No<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Puente de la Mujer is a moveable cable-stay beidge. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design effort</th><td class="infobox-data">medium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Falsework" title="Falsework">Falsework</a> required</th><td class="infobox-data">Normally none</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg/220px-%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg/330px-%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg/440px-%C3%96resundsbron_och_tanker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5353" data-file-height="3569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_Bridge" title="Øresund Bridge">Øresund Bridge</a> from <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cable-stayed bridge</b> has one or more <i>towers</i> (or <i>pylons</i>), from which <a href="/wiki/Wire_rope" title="Wire rope">cables</a> support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stay#Etymology_3" class="extiw" title="wikt:stay">stays</a>, which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a series of parallel lines. This is in contrast to the modern <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a>, where the cables supporting the deck are suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored at both ends of the bridge and running between the towers. The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">cantilever bridges</a> and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the range within which cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier, and suspension bridge cabling would be more costly. </p><p>Cable-stayed bridges were being designed and constructed by the late 16th century,<sup id="cite_ref-HOB-types_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOB-types-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the form found wide use in the late 19th century. Early examples, including the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>, often combined features from both the cable-stayed and suspension designs. Cable-stayed designs fell from favor in the early 20th century as larger gaps were bridged using pure suspension designs, and shorter ones using various systems built of <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>. It returned to prominence in the later 20th century when the combination of new materials, larger construction machinery, and the need to replace older bridges all lowered the relative price of these designs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg/220px-Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg/330px-Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg/440px-Pons_ferrevs_by_Faust_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Chain-stayed bridge by the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Veranzio" title="Fausto Veranzio">Fausto Veranzio</a>, from 1595/1616. Prior to industrial manufacture of heavy wire rope (steel cable), suspended or stayed bridges were firstly constructed with linked rods (chain).</figcaption></figure> <p>Cable-stayed bridges date back to 1595, where designs were found in <i>Machinae Novae</i>, a book by <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> inventor <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Veranzio" title="Fausto Veranzio">Fausto Veranzio</a>. Many early suspension bridges were cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge <a href="/wiki/Dryburgh_Abbey_Bridge" title="Dryburgh Abbey Bridge">Dryburgh Abbey Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Dredge,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Dredge, Sr.">James Dredge</a>'s patented <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Bath" title="Victoria Bridge, Bath">Victoria Bridge, Bath</a> (1836), and the later <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_London" title="Albert Bridge, London">Albert Bridge</a> (1872) and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. <a href="/wiki/John_A._Roebling" title="John A. Roebling">John A. Roebling</a> took particular advantage of this to limit deformations due to railway loads in the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_Suspension_Bridge" title="Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge">Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge</a>. </p><p>The earliest known surviving example of a true cable-stayed bridge in the United States is E.E. Runyon's largely intact steel or iron <a href="/wiki/Bluff_Dale_Suspension_Bridge" title="Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge">Bluff Dale Suspension bridge</a> with wooden stringers and decking in <a href="/wiki/Bluff_Dale,_Texas" title="Bluff Dale, Texas">Bluff Dale, Texas</a> (1890), or his weeks earlier but ruined <a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek_Bridge" title="Barton Creek Bridge">Barton Creek Bridge</a> between <a href="/wiki/Huckabay,_Texas" title="Huckabay, Texas">Huckabay, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gordon,_Texas" title="Gordon, Texas">Gordon, Texas</a> (1889 or 1890).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twentieth century, early examples of cable-stayed bridges included A. Gisclard's unusual Cassagnes bridge (1899),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the horizontal part of the cable forces is balanced by a separate horizontal tie cable, preventing significant compression in the deck, and G. Leinekugel le Coq's bridge<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zardrieux" title="Lézardrieux">Lézardrieux</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (1924). <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Torroja" title="Eduardo Torroja">Eduardo Torroja</a> designed a cable-stayed aqueduct<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at Tempul in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-troyano_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-troyano-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Caquot" title="Albert Caquot">Albert Caquot</a>'s 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at <a href="/wiki/Pierrelatte" title="Pierrelatte">Pierrelatte</a> is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development.<sup id="cite_ref-troyano_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-troyano-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The steel-decked <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6msund_Bridge" title="Strömsund Bridge">Strömsund Bridge</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Dischinger" title="Franz Dischinger">Franz Dischinger</a> (1955) is, therefore, more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdoun_Bridge_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg/220px-Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg/330px-Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg/440px-Abdoun_Bridge_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3886" data-file-height="1379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdoun_Bridge" title="Abdoun Bridge">Abdoun Bridge</a>, Amman, Jordan, example of an <a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">extradosed bridge</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Other key pioneers included <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_de_Miranda" title="Fabrizio de Miranda">Fabrizio de Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Morandi" title="Riccardo Morandi">Riccardo Morandi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leonhardt" title="Fritz Leonhardt">Fritz Leonhardt</a>. Early bridges from this period used very few stay cables, as in the <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Heuss_Bridge_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)" title="Theodor Heuss Bridge (Düsseldorf)">Theodor Heuss Bridge</a> (1958). However, this involves substantial erection costs, and more modern structures tend to use many more cables to ensure greater economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_suspension_bridge">Comparison with suspension bridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comparison with suspension bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg/220px-Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg/330px-Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg/440px-Ada_Bridge_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ada_Bridge" title="Ada Bridge">Ada Bridge</a> at dusk in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG/220px-Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG/330px-Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG/440px-Prins_Clausbrug_vanuit_NO_bekeken.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Prins Clausbrug across the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam-Rhine_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam-Rhine Canal">Amsterdam-Rhine Canal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Cable-stayed bridges may appear to be similar to <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridges</a>, but they are quite different in principle and construction. In suspension bridges, large main cables (normally two) hang between the towers and are <a href="/wiki/Earth_anchor" title="Earth anchor">anchored</a> at each end to the ground. This can be difficult to implement when ground conditions are poor. The main cables, which are free to move on bearings in the towers, bear the load of the bridge deck. Before the deck is installed, the cables are under <a href="/wiki/Tension_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tension (mechanics)">tension</a> from their own weight. Along the main cables smaller cables or rods connect to the bridge deck, which is lifted in sections. As this is done, the tension in the cables increases, as it does with the <a href="/wiki/Live_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Live load">live load</a> of traffic crossing the bridge. The tension on the main cables is transferred to the ground at the anchorages and by downwards <a href="/wiki/Compression_member" title="Compression member">compression</a> on the towers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Difference between types of bridges</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge-suspension.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suspension bridge"><img alt="Suspension bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bridge-suspension.svg/180px-Bridge-suspension.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bridge-suspension.svg/270px-Bridge-suspension.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bridge-suspension.svg/360px-Bridge-suspension.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suspension bridge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cable-stayed bridge, fan design"><img alt="Cable-stayed bridge, fan design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/180px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/270px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/360px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cable-stayed bridge, fan design</div> </li> </ul> <p>In cable-stayed bridges, the towers are the primary load-bearing structures that transmit the bridge loads to the ground. A <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilever</a> approach is often used to support the bridge deck near the towers, but lengths further from them are supported by cables running directly to the towers. That has the disadvantage, unlike for the suspension bridge, that the cables pull to the sides as opposed to directly up, which requires the bridge deck to be stronger to resist the resulting horizontal <a href="/wiki/Compression_(physics)" title="Compression (physics)">compression</a> loads, but it has the advantage of not requiring firm anchorages to resist the horizontal pull of the main cables of the suspension bridge. By design, all static horizontal forces of the cable-stayed bridge are balanced so that the supporting towers do not tend to tilt or slide and so must only resist horizontal forces from the live loads. </p><p>The following are key advantages of the cable-stayed form: </p> <ul><li>much greater stiffness than the suspension bridge, so that deformations of the deck under live loads are reduced</li> <li>can be constructed by cantilevering out from the tower – the cables act both as temporary and permanent supports to the bridge deck</li> <li>for a symmetrical bridge (in which the <a href="/wiki/Span_(engineering)" title="Span (engineering)">spans</a> on either side of the tower are the same), the horizontal forces balance and large <a href="/wiki/Earth_anchor" title="Earth anchor">ground anchorages</a> are not required</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Designs">Designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four major classes of rigging on cable-stayed bridges: <i>mono</i>, <i>harp</i>, <i>fan,</i> and <i>star</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-designs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <i>mono</i> design uses a single cable from its towers and is one of the lesser-used examples of the class.</li> <li>In the <i>harp</i> or <i>parallel</i> design, the cables are nearly parallel so that the height of their attachment to the tower is proportional to the distance from the tower to their mounting on the deck.</li> <li>In the <i>fan</i> design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top of the towers. The fan design is structurally superior with a minimum moment applied to the towers, but, for practical reasons, the modified fan (also called the semi-fan) is preferred, especially where many cables are necessary. In the modified fan arrangement, the cables terminate near the top of the tower but are spaced from each other sufficiently to allow better termination, improved environmental protection, and good access to individual cables for maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <i>star</i> design, another relatively rare design, the cables are spaced apart on the tower, like the harp design, but connect to one point or a number of closely spaced points on the deck.<sup id="cite_ref-Dayaratnam2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dayaratnam2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Difference between types of bridges</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mono design"><img alt="Mono design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg/330px-Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg/495px-Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg/660px-Bridge-mono-cable-stayed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Mono</i> design</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harp design"><img alt="Harp design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg/330px-Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg/495px-Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg/660px-Bridge-harp-cable-stayed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Harp</i> design</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fan design"><img alt="Fan design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/330px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/495px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/660px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Fan</i> design</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Star design"><img alt="Star design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg/330px-Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg/495px-Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg/660px-Bridge-star-cable-stayed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Star</i> design</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png/220px-Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png/330px-Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png/440px-Cable-stayed_bridge_tower_arrangements.png 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>All the seven column arrangements of a cable-stayed bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>There are also seven main arrangements for support columns: <i>single</i>, <i>double</i>, <i>portal</i>, <i>A-shaped</i>, <i>H-shaped</i>, <i>inverted Y</i> and <i>M-shaped</i>. The last three are hybrid arrangements that combine two arrangements into one.<sup id="cite_ref-designs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <i>single</i> arrangement uses a single column for cable support, normally projecting through the center of the deck, but in some cases located on one side or the other. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Millau_Viaduct" title="Millau Viaduct">Millau Viaduct</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Skyway_Bridge" title="Sunshine Skyway Bridge">Sunshine Skyway Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.</li> <li>The <i>double</i> arrangement places pairs of columns on both sides of the deck. Examples: <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_Bridge" title="Øresund Bridge">Øresund Bridge</a> between <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Bridge" title="Zolotoy Bridge">Zolotoy Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</li> <li>The <i>portal</i> is similar to the double arrangement but has a third member connecting the tops of the two columns to form a door-like shape or portal. This offers additional strength, especially against transverse loads. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Hale Boggs Bridge">Hale Boggs Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirumi_Bridge" title="Kirumi Bridge">Kirumi Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li>The <i>A-shaped</i> design is similar in concept to the portal but achieves the same goal by angling the two columns towards each other to meet at the top, eliminating the need for the third member. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ravenel_Jr._Bridge" title="Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge">Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helgeland_Bridge" title="Helgeland Bridge">Helgeland Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_S._Bond_Bridge_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Christopher S. Bond Bridge (Kansas City, Missouri)">Christopher S. Bond Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>.</li> <li>The <i>H-shaped</i> design combines the <i>portal</i> on the bottom with the <i>double</i> on top. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Grenland_Bridge" title="Grenland Bridge">Grenland Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_Bridge_(Mississippi_River)" title="John James Audubon Bridge (Mississippi River)">John James Audubon Bridge</a> in Louisiana.</li> <li>The <i>inverted Y</i> design combines the <i>A-shaped</i> on the bottom with the <i>single</i> on top. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Normandie" title="Pont de Normandie">Pont de Normandie</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incheon_Bridge" title="Incheon Bridge">Incheon Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>.</li> <li>The <i>M-shaped</i> design combines two <i>A-shaped</i>, each tower on the side of the other, to form an M. This type of arrangement is rare, and is mostly used in wide bridges where a lonely <i>A-shaped</i> arrangement would be too weak. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hartman_Bridge" title="Fred Hartman Bridge">Fred Hartman Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and its planned sister bridge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ship_Channel_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ship Channel Bridge (page does not exist)">Ship Channel Bridge</a>, also in Texas.</li></ul> <p>Depending on the design, the columns may be vertical or angled or curved relative to the bridge deck. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side-spar_cable-stayed_bridge">Side-spar cable-stayed bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Side-spar cable-stayed bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puente_atirantado.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Puente_atirantado.PNG/220px-Puente_atirantado.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Puente_atirantado.PNG/330px-Puente_atirantado.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Puente_atirantado.PNG/440px-Puente_atirantado.PNG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Puente_de_la_Unidad" title="Puente de la Unidad">Puente de la Unidad</a>, joining <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Garza_Garc%C3%ADa" title="San Pedro Garza García">San Pedro Garza García</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, a Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Side-spar_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Side-spar cable-stayed bridge">side-spar cable-stayed bridge</a> uses a central tower supported only on one side. This design allows the construction of a curved bridge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge">Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Far more radical in its structure, the <a href="/wiki/Puente_del_Alamillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Puente del Alamillo">Puente del Alamillo</a> (1992) uses a single <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge">cantilever spar</a> on one side of the span, with cables on one side only to support the bridge deck. Unlike other cable-stayed types, this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its foundation and the spar must resist the bending caused by the cables, as the cable forces are not balanced by opposing cables. The spar of this particular bridge forms the <a href="/wiki/Gnomon" title="Gnomon">gnomon</a> of a large garden <a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">sundial</a>. Related bridges by the architect <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Puente_de_la_Mujer" title="Puente de la Mujer">Puente de la Mujer</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Sundial_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundial Bridge">Sundial Bridge</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Chords_Bridge" title="Chords Bridge">Chords Bridge</a> (2008), and <a href="/wiki/Assut_de_l%27Or_Bridge" title="Assut de l'Or Bridge">Assut de l'Or Bridge</a> (2008). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple-span_cable-stayed_bridge">Multiple-span cable-stayed bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Multiple-span cable-stayed bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg/220px-%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg/330px-%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg/440px-%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zhivopisny_Bridge" title="Zhivopisny Bridge">Zhivopisny Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> is a multiple-span design.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans involve significantly more challenging designs than do 2-span or 3-span structures. </p><p>In a 2-span or 3-span cable-stayed bridge, the loads from the main spans are normally anchored back near the end <a href="/wiki/Abutment" title="Abutment">abutments</a> by stays in the end spans. For more spans, this is not the case and the bridge structure is less stiff overall. This can create difficulties in both the design of the deck and the pylons. Examples of multiple-span structures in which this is the case include <a href="/wiki/Ting_Kau_Bridge" title="Ting Kau Bridge">Ting Kau Bridge</a>, where additional 'cross-bracing' stays are used to stabilise the pylons; <a href="/wiki/Millau_Viaduct" title="Millau Viaduct">Millau Viaduct</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mezcala_Bridge" title="Mezcala Bridge">Mezcala Bridge</a>, where twin-legged towers are used; and <a href="/wiki/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge" title="General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge">General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge</a>, where very stiff multi-legged frame towers were adopted. A similar situation with a suspension bridge is found at both the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seto_Bridge" title="Great Seto Bridge">Great Seto Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a> where additional anchorage piers are required after every set of three suspension spans – this solution can also be adapted for cable-stayed bridges.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extradosed_bridge">Extradosed bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Extradosed bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg/220px-Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg/330px-Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg/440px-Twinkle_Kisogawa_bridge02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>The Twinkle-Kisogawa is an extradosed design, with long gaps between the cable supported sections.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">extradosed bridge</a> is a cable-stayed bridge with a more substantial bridge deck that, being stiffer and stronger, allows the cables to be omitted close to the tower and for the towers to be lower in proportion to the span. The first extradosed bridges were the <a href="/wiki/Ganter_Bridge" title="Ganter Bridge">Ganter Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunniberg_Bridge" title="Sunniberg Bridge">Sunniberg Bridge</a> in Switzerland. The first extradosed bridge in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Memorial_Bridge_(Connecticut)" title="Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (Connecticut)">Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge</a> was built to carry I-95 across the Quinnipiac River in New Haven, Connecticut, opening in June 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable-stayed_cradle-system_bridge">Cable-stayed cradle-system bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cable-stayed cradle-system bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cradle system carries the strands within the stays from the bridge deck to bridge deck, as a continuous element, eliminating anchorages in the pylons. Each epoxy-coated steel strand is carried inside the cradle in a one-inch (2.54 cm) steel tube. Each strand acts independently, allowing for removal, inspection, and replacement of individual strands. The first two such bridges are the <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Narrows_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Penobscot Narrows Bridge">Penobscot Narrows Bridge</a>, completed in 2006, and the <a href="/wiki/Veterans%27_Glass_City_Skyway" title="Veterans' Glass City Skyway">Veterans' Glass City Skyway</a>, completed in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_bridge_types">Related bridge types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Related bridge types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-anchored_suspension_bridge">Self-anchored suspension bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Self-anchored suspension bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Self-anchored_suspension_bridge" title="Self-anchored suspension bridge">self-anchored suspension bridge</a> has some similarity in principle to the cable-stayed type in that tension forces that prevent the deck from dropping are converted into compression forces vertically in the tower and horizontally along the deck structure. It is also related to the <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> in having arcuate main cables with suspender cables, although the self-anchored type lacks the heavy cable anchorages of the ordinary suspension bridge. Unlike either a cable-stayed bridge or a suspension bridge, the self-anchored suspension bridge must be supported by <a href="/wiki/Falsework" title="Falsework">falsework</a> during construction and so it is more expensive to construct. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_cable-stayed_bridges">Notable cable-stayed bridges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable cable-stayed bridges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_cable-stayed_bridge_spans" title="List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans">List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Cable-stayed_bridges" title="Category:Cable-stayed bridges">Category:Cable-stayed bridges</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-List_missing_criteria plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list has no <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LSC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LSC">precise inclusion criteria</a></b> as described in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Manual of Style for standalone lists</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit">improve this article</a> by adding inclusion criteria, or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Talk:Cable-stayed bridge">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist_Phelippe_Daou_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalist Phelippe Daou Bridge">Journalist Phelippe Daou Bridge</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro_(Amazon)" title="Rio Negro (Amazon)">Rio Negro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a> state. It was opened on 24 October 2011 and is currently the fourth longest bridge in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, at 3,595 metres (11,795 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-Rio_Negro_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rio_Negro-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a cable-stayed span of 400 metres (1,300 feet).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ravenel_Jr._Bridge" title="Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge">Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge</a>, crosses the <a href="/wiki/Cooper_River_(South_Carolina)" title="Cooper River (South Carolina)">Cooper River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>. It opened in 2005 to replace the <a href="/wiki/John_P._Grace_Memorial_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="John P. Grace Memorial Bridge">John P. Grace Memorial Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Silas_N._Pearman_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Silas N. Pearman Bridge">Silas N. Pearman Bridge</a> which were nearing the end of their useful lives. At the time of its opening it was the longest cable-stayed bridge span in the Western Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>, famous as a suspension bridge, also has cable stays.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Bridge,_Panama" title="Centennial Bridge, Panama">Centennial Bridge</a>, a six-lane vehicular bridge that crosses the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> with a total length of 1.05 kilometres (3,400 ft).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg/220px-RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg/330px-RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg/440px-RotterdamMaasNederland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7419" data-file-height="3025" /></a><figcaption>Erasmus Bridge, <a href="/wiki/Erasmusbrug" title="Erasmusbrug">Erasmusbrug</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus Bridge">Erasmus Bridge</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Maas" title="Nieuwe Maas">Nieuwe Maas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The southern span of the bridge has an 89 metres (292 ft) bascule bridge for ships that cannot pass under the bridge. The bascule bridge is the largest and heaviest in West Europe and has the largest panel of its type in the world.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG/220px-GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG/330px-GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG/440px-GoldenHornMetroBridge_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="1558" /></a><figcaption>A view of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horn_Metro_Bridge" title="Golden Horn Metro Bridge">Golden Horn Metro Bridge</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Galata_Tower" title="Galata Tower">Galata Tower</a> at the left end of the frame, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horn_Metro_Bridge" title="Golden Horn Metro Bridge">Golden Horn Metro Bridge</a>, connects the old peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Galata" title="Galata">Galata</a> district and is the first cable-stayed bridge in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe_International_Bridge" title="Gordie Howe International Bridge">Gordie Howe International Bridge</a> currently under construction, connecting <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, will have two inverted “Y” shaped towers built on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>, six-lanes for automotive traffic, and a cycle and walking path. It will be 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) long. Once completed in 2025, it will have the longest main span of any cable-stayed bridge in North America at 853 metres (2,799 feet).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing-Shaoxing_Sea_Bridge" title="Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge">Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> Province, China. The bridge is an eight-lane structure that spans 10,100 metres (6.3 mi) across <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Bay" title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a>, two cities of Zhejiang province. It was opened on 23 July 2013 and is currently the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_Bridge_(Mississippi_River)" title="John James Audubon Bridge (Mississippi River)">John James Audubon Bridge (Mississippi River)</a>: The longest cable-stayed bridge in the Western Hemisphere, crossing the Mississippi River between <a href="/wiki/New_Roads,_Louisiana" title="New Roads, Louisiana">New Roads, Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Francisville,_Louisiana" title="St. Francisville, Louisiana">St. Francisville, Louisiana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kap_Shui_Mun_Bridge" title="Kap Shui Mun Bridge">Kap Shui Mun Bridge</a>: Road-rail cable-stayed bridge with longest span when opened</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge" title="Kosciuszko Bridge">Kosciuszko Bridge</a>: This connects the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City, replacing a truss bridge of the same name. The first cable-stayed span (temporarily carrying three lanes in each direction) opened to traffic in April 2017. A second, nearly identical span opened on 29 August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg/220px-The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg/330px-The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg/440px-The_Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge" title="Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge">Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)" title="Trinity River (Texas)">Trinity River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, U.S. (2012)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hunt_Hill_Bridge" title="Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge">Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, U.S., which opened in 2012 and spans the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)" title="Trinity River (Texas)">Trinity River</a>. In 2012, the bridge received an Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award from the Texas section of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge also received a 2012 European Convention for Constructional Steelwork Award For Steel Bridges.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millau_Viaduct" title="Millau Viaduct">Millau Viaduct</a>, the bridge with the tallest piers in the world: 341 metres (1,119 ft) tall and roadway 266 metres (873 ft) high, spanning the river <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(river)" title="Tarn (river)">Tarn</a> in France. With a total length of 2,460 metres (8,070 ft) and seven towers, it also has the longest cable-stayed suspended deck in the world.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novy_Most_d.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Novy_Most_d.JPG/220px-Novy_Most_d.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Novy_Most_d.JPG/330px-Novy_Most_d.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Novy_Most_d.JPG/440px-Novy_Most_d.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Most_SNP" title="Most SNP">Most SNP</a> (Bridge of the Slovak National Uprising) – the world's longest cable-stayed bridge to have one pylon and one cable-stayed plane (Bratislava, Slovakia, 1967–1972)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Most_SNP" title="Most SNP">Most SNP</a> (Nový most), the world's longest cable-stayed bridge in category with one pylon and with one cable-stayed plane, spanning the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>. The main span is 303 metres (994 ft), total length 430.8 metres (1,413 ft). The only member of <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Federation_of_Great_Towers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Federation of Great Towers (page does not exist)">World Federation of Great Towers</a> that is primarily used as a bridge. It houses a flying-saucer restaurant at the top of pylon 85 metres (279 ft) tall.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavio_Frias_de_Oliveira_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavio Frias de Oliveira bridge">Octavio Frias de Oliveira bridge</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Pinheiros_River" title="Pinheiros River">Pinheiros River</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, 2008. It has a 138 metres (453 ft)-high pylon under which two stayed roads cross each other turning 90° to the opposite bank of the river.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oresund_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oresund Bridge">Oresund Bridge</a>, a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge with a main span of 490 metres (1,610 ft) and a total length of 7.85 kilometres (4.88 mi), crossing the <a href="/wiki/%C3%96resund" class="mw-redirect" title="Öresund">Öresund</a> between <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>, Sweden, and the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Capital Region">Danish Capital Region</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg/220px-Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg/330px-Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg/440px-Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac_Bridge" title="Pelješac Bridge">Pelješac Bridge</a> connects the southeastern Croatian exclave to the rest of the country.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac_Bridge" title="Pelješac Bridge">Pelješac Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik-Neretva_County" title="Dubrovnik-Neretva County">Dubrovnik-Neretva County</a>, Croatia. It is a 2,404 metres (7,887 ft) long and 98 metres (322 ft) tall road bridge that connects the southeastern <a href="/wiki/Semi-exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-exclave">semi-exclave</a> to the rest of the country, spanning the sea channel between <a href="/wiki/Komarna" title="Komarna">Komarna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac" title="Pelješac">Pelješac</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Narrows_Bridge_and_Observatory" title="Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory">Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory</a>, a road bridge with an observatory at the top of one of the towers, and a span of 2,120 feet (646 m).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Morandi" title="Ponte Morandi">Ponte Morandi</a>, part of which collapsed during a rainstorm on 14 August 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Normandie" title="Pont de Normandie">Pont de Normandie</a>, crosses the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, France (1988–1995) – briefly the world's longest cable-stayed bridge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensferry_Crossing" title="Queensferry Crossing">Queensferry Crossing</a> (formerly the Forth Replacement Crossing) is a road bridge in Scotland. It is built alongside the existing, suspension, <a href="/wiki/Forth_Road_Bridge" title="Forth Road Bridge">Forth Road Bridge</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> and upon completion in 2017 became the longest triple-tower cable-stayed bridge in the world at 2700m.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Brotonne" title="Pont de Brotonne">Pont de Brotonne</a>, first modern cable-stayed bridge of that type, opened to traffic in 1977.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="It is unclear of the "type" of bridge that makes this the first. The Strömsund Bridge is the first modern cable-stayed bridge. The Pasco-Kennewick Cable Bridge was an earlier prestressed-concrete cable-stayed bridge. So it is unclear which criteria this bridge was 'first' at.) (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rande_Bridge" title="Rande Bridge">Rande Bridge</a> in Spain near Vigo is the highway cable-stayed bridge with the longest and slenderest span in the world at the time of construction (1973–1977). Three long spans of 148 metres (486 ft) + 400 metres (1,300 ft) + 148 metres (486 ft). Pylons in concrete, girder in steel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio-Antirio_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio-Antirio bridge">Rio-Antirio bridge</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corinth" title="Gulf of Corinth">Gulf of Corinth</a> near <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, Greece. At a total length of 2,880 metres (9,450 ft) and four towers, it has the second longest cable-stayed suspended deck (2,258 metres (7,408 ft) long) in the world, with only the deck of the Millau Viaduct in southern France being longer at 2,460 metres (8,070 ft). However, as the latter is also supported by bearings at the pylons apart from cable stays, the Rio–Antirrio bridge deck might be considered the longest cable-stayed fully suspended deck in the world.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio-Antirrio_bron.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rio-Antirrio_bron.png/464px-Rio-Antirrio_bron.png" decoding="async" width="464" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Rio-Antirrio_bron.png 1.5x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rio%E2%80%93Antirrio_Bridge" title="Rio–Antirrio Bridge">Rio–Antirrio</a> bridge that crosses the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corinth" title="Gulf of Corinth">Gulf of Corinth</a> near <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, linking the town of <a href="/wiki/Rio,_Greece" title="Rio, Greece">Rio</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> peninsula to <a href="/wiki/Antirrio" title="Antirrio">Antirrio</a> on mainland <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> by road.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russky_Bridge" title="Russky Bridge">Russky Bridge</a>, the cable-stayed bridge with the world's longest span, at 1,104 metres (3,622 ft) meters. <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg/220px-Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg/330px-Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg/440px-Ponte-Rio-Negro-Manaus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro_Bridge" title="Rio Negro Bridge">Rio Negro Bridge</a>, at 3,595 metres (11,795 ft), is the longest cable-stayed bridge in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rio_Negro_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rio_Negro-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Severn_Crossing" title="Second Severn Crossing">Second Severn Crossing</a> between England and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> is 3.186 miles (5.127 km) long, consisting of a single central navigation span over the "Shoots" channel and approach viaducts on either side.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Skyway_Bridge" title="Sunshine Skyway Bridge">Sunshine Skyway Bridge</a>, in the US State of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> located near <a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a> opened in 1987. The bridge replaced the original <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantilever bridges">cantilever bridges</a> which were the site of a maritime incident.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgut_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Surgut Bridge">Surgut Bridge</a>, the longest single-pylon cable-stayed bridge in the world, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Ob_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob River">Ob River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutong_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Sutong Yangtze River Bridge">Sutong Yangtze River Bridge</a> in eastern China has the second longest cable-stayed bridge span at 1,088 metres (3,570 ft). Completed in 2008, the Sutong Bridge is <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_bridges_and_tunnels#Chang_Jiang_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River bridges and tunnels">one of over 40 cable-stayed bridges built over the Yangtze</a> since 1995.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)">Tappan Zee Bridge</a>, the replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(1955%E2%80%932017)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)">original bridge</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Twin_bridges" title="Twin bridges">twin-deck</a> cable-stayed bridge opened in 2017 and 2018, and is both the southernmost <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Hudson_River" title="List of crossings of the Hudson River">Hudson River-crossing bridge</a> entirely within New York State, and the first cable-stayed bridge in North America to match Boston's Zakim Bridge (see below) overall road-deck width figure of 183 feet (56 meters), spanning eight lanes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilikum_Crossing" title="Tilikum Crossing">Tilikum Crossing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, is the first major bridge in the U.S. that was designed to allow access to transit vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians but not cars. Completed in 2015, the bridge is 1,720 feet (520 m) and spans across the <a href="/wiki/Willamette_River" title="Willamette River">Willamette River</a> to connect the <a href="/wiki/South_Waterfront" class="mw-redirect" title="South Waterfront">South Waterfront</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Eastside,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Central Eastside, Portland, Oregon">Central Eastside</a> districts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ting_Kau_Bridge" title="Ting Kau Bridge">Ting Kau Bridge</a>, the world's first major four-span (three towers) cable-stayed bridge, forming part of the road network connecting <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a> to other parts of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varina-Enon_Bridge" title="Varina-Enon Bridge">Varina-Enon Bridge</a>, Carries I-295 across the James River between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties in Virginia. Varina-Enon Bridge features the world's first use of precast concrete delta frames for construction of its 630 feet (190 m) cable-stayed main span. It is an instrumental part of the Peregrine Falcon program overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Department_of_Transportation" title="Virginia Department of Transportation">Virginia Department of Transportation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal is the longest bridge in Europe, with a total length of 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi), including 0.829 kilometres (0.515 mi) for the main bridge, 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) in viaducts and 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) in extension roads.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Leonard_P._Zakim_Bunker_Hill_Memorial_Bridge" title="Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge">Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a> spanning the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a> is the cable-stayed bridge with the world's widest roadbed for such a bridge, at some 183 feet (56 m), encompassing ten lanes of traffic. It is also the first cable-stayed bridge with an asymmetrical deck design, with <a href="/wiki/Leverett_Circle_Connector_Bridge" title="Leverett Circle Connector Bridge">two of the 10 lanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilevered</a> from the south side of the main bridge deck.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kazungula_Bridge" title="Kazungula Bridge">Kazungula Bridge</a> is a road and rail bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi river</a> between the countries of <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> (3,028 feet).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1rate%E2%80%93Brazo_Largo_Bridge" title="Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridge">Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridges</a> over the Paraná Guazú and Paraná de las Palmas Rivers in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (1972–1976) are the first two road and railway long-span cable-stayed steel bridges in the world. Spans: 110 metres (360 ft) + 330 metres (1,080 ft) + 110 metres (360 ft).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyasagar_Setu" title="Vidyasagar Setu">Vidyasagar Setu</a>, also known as the Second Hooghly Bridge, over the <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooghly river">Hooghly river</a>, happens to be the first and longest such bridge in India and one of the longest in Asia.It connects the twin cities of <a href="/wiki/Howrah" title="Howrah">Howrah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floating_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Floating cable-stayed bridge">Floating cable-stayed bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_suspension_bridge" title="Cable-stayed suspension bridge">Cable-stayed suspension bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Bonhomme" title="Pont du Bonhomme">Pont du Bonhomme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HOB-types-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HOB-types_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofbridges.com/facts-about-bridges/types-of-bridges/">"Types of Bridges"</a>. <i>History of Bridges</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Bridges&rft.atitle=Types+of+Bridges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofbridges.com%2Ffacts-about-bridges%2Ftypes-of-bridges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordrum" class="citation news cs1">Nordrum, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/popular-cable-stay-bridges-rise-across-u-s-to-replace-crumbling-spans/">"Popular Cable-Stay Bridges Rise Across U.S. to Replace Crumbling Spans"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Popular+Cable-Stay+Bridges+Rise+Across+U.S.+to+Replace+Crumbling+Spans&rft.aulast=Nordrum&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fpopular-cable-stay-bridges-rise-across-u-s-to-replace-crumbling-spans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.tx0762">"Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+American+Engineering+Record&rft.atitle=Bluff+Dale+Suspension+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.pnp%2Fhhh.tx0762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.tx0955">"Barton Creek Bridge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+American+Engineering+Record&rft.atitle=Barton+Creek+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.pnp%2Fhhh.tx0955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cable-stayed_bridge&params=42.504_N_2.1436_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°30′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°08′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.5040°N 2.1436°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.5040; 2.1436</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cable-stayed_bridge&params=48.7807_N_3.1065345_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°46′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°06′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.7807°N 3.1065345°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.7807; -3.1065345</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cable-stayed_bridge&params=36.64876_N_5.9304_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°38′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°55′49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.64876°N 5.9304°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.64876; -5.9304</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-troyano-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-troyano_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-troyano_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroyano2003" class="citation book cs1">Troyano, Leonardo (2003). <i>Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective</i>. Thomas Telford. pp. 650–652. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7277-3215-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7277-3215-3"><bdi>0-7277-3215-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Engineering%3A+A+Global+Perspective&rft.pages=650-652&rft.pub=Thomas+Telford&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7277-3215-3&rft.aulast=Troyano&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cable-stayed_bridge&params=44.3824_N_4.7284_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°22′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°43′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.3824°N 4.7284°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.3824; 4.7284</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-designs_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-designs_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525145904/http://www.eng-forum.com/articles/articles/cable_stayed.htm">"Cable Stayed Bridge"</a>. <i>Middle East Economic Engineering Forum</i>. 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American Society of Civil Engineers. 12 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.thomasnet.com/companystory/515472">the original</a> on 10 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+City%27s+Most+Hated+Bridge+Gets+a+Nearly+%241+Billion+Makeover&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Paybarah&rft.aufirst=Azi&rft.au=Schweber%2C+Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F29%2Fnyregion%2Fkosciuszko-bridge-span-new-york.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170105183708/http://www.texasce.org/?page=MHHBridge">"Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge, 2012 OCEA"</a>. Texas Section-American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasce.org/?page=MHHBridge">the original</a> on 5 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steelconstruct.com/site/index.php?process=download&id=5947&code=787574cca62869258a38a50941853324296b3e77">the original</a> on 5 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2012+ECCS+Award+For+Steel+Bridges&rft.atitle=Margaret+Hunt+Bridge%2C+Dallas%2C+USA&rft.pages=4-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.steelconstruct.com%2Fsite%2Findex.php%3Fprocess%3Ddownload%26id%3D5947%26code%3D787574cca62869258a38a50941853324296b3e77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theforthbridges.org/queensferry-crossing/">"Queensferry Crossing | the Forth Bridges"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queensferry+Crossing+%26%23124%3B+the+Forth+Bridges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theforthbridges.org%2Fqueensferry-crossing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freyssinet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/CS_03_Second_Severn_Crossing1.pdf">"Cable Stays: Second Severn Crossing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Freyssinet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freyssinet&rft.atitle=Cable+Stays%3A+Second+Severn+Crossing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreyssinet.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F12%2FCS_03_Second_Severn_Crossing1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De Miranda F., et al., (1979), "Basic problems in long span cable stayed bridges", Rep. n. 25, Dipartimento di Strutture – Università di Calabria – Arcavacata (CS) Italy, (242 pagg.) September 1979.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregoryFreeman,_Ralph_Anthony1987" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, Frank Hutson; Freeman, Ralph Anthony (1987). <i>The Bangkok Cable Stayed Bridge</i>. 3 F Engineering Consultants, Bangkok. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/974-410-097-4" title="Special:BookSources/974-410-097-4"><bdi>974-410-097-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bangkok+Cable+Stayed+Bridge&rft.pub=3+F+Engineering+Consultants%2C+Bangkok&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=974-410-097-4&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Frank+Hutson&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Ralph+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodolnyScalzi,_John_B.1986" class="citation book cs1">Podolny, Walter; Scalzi, John B. (1986). <i>Construction and design of cable-stayed bridges</i> (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0471826553" title="Special:BookSources/0471826553"><bdi>0471826553</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Construction+and+design+of+cable-stayed+bridges&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0471826553&rft.aulast=Podolny&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.au=Scalzi%2C+John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span>*</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalther1999" class="citation book cs1">Walther, Rene; et al. (1999). <i>Cable Stayed Bridges</i> (2nd ed.). Thomas Telford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7277-2773-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7277-2773-7"><bdi>0-7277-2773-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cable+Stayed+Bridges&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomas+Telford&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7277-2773-7&rft.aulast=Walther&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACable-stayed+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cable-stayed_bridge&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bridge_footer" title="Template:Bridge footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bridge_footer" title="Template talk:Bridge footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bridge_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bridge footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bridge-related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a>-related articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structural types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_bridge" title="Arch bridge">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_bridge" title="Beam bridge">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_girder_bridge" title="Box girder bridge">Box girder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge%E2%80%93tunnel" title="Bridge–tunnel">Bridge–tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burr_Truss" title="Burr Truss">Burr Truss</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cable-stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopy_bridge" title="Canopy bridge">Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge">Cantilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge">Cantilever spar cable-stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_bridge" title="Covered bridge">Covered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crib_bridge" title="Crib bridge">Crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-beam_drawbridge" title="Double-beam drawbridge">Double-beam drawbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">Extradosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_bridge" title="Jet bridge">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_bridge" title="Log bridge">Log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_bridge" title="Moon bridge">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moveable_bridge" title="Moveable bridge">Moveable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bascule_bridge" title="Bascule bridge">Bascule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">Drawbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bridge" title="Folding bridge">Folding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retractable_bridge" title="Retractable bridge">Retractable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Bridge" title="The Rolling Bridge">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_bascule_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling bascule bridge">Rolling bascule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_bridge" title="Submersible bridge">Submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_bridge" title="Table bridge">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_bridge" title="Tilt bridge">Tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transporter_bridge" title="Transporter bridge">Transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical-lift_bridge" title="Vertical-lift bridge">Vertical-lift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-way_bridge" title="Multi-way bridge">Multi-way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigable_aqueduct" title="Navigable aqueduct">Navigable aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_bridge" title="Pile bridge">Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">Pontoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vlotbrug" title="Vlotbrug">Vlotbrug</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">Suspension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_suspension_bridges" title="Types of suspension bridges">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_bridge" title="Timber bridge">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through_arch_bridge" title="Through arch bridge">Through arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trestle_bridge" title="Trestle bridge">Trestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truss_bridge" title="Truss bridge">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bridge" title="Tubular bridge">Tubular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaduct" title="Viaduct">Viaduct</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_types" title="List of bridge types">Visual index to various types</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg/100px-Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg/150px-Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg/200px-Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of bridges by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges" title="List of bridges">List of bridges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bascule_bridges" title="List of bascule bridges">bascule bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantilever_bridges" title="List of cantilever bridges">cantilever bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_stone_bridges_in_Germany" title="List of medieval stone bridges in Germany">medieval stone bridges in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multi-level_bridges" title="List of multi-level bridges">multi-level bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_road%E2%80%93rail_bridges" title="List of road–rail bridges">road–rail bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_toll_bridges" title="List of toll bridges">toll bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vertical-lift_bridges" title="List of vertical-lift bridges">vertical-lift bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge%E2%80%93tunnels" title="List of bridge–tunnels">List of bridge–tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lists_of_covered_bridges_in_North_America" title="List of lists of covered bridges in North America">List of lists of covered bridges in North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of bridges by size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges" title="List of longest bridges">By length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">Suspension bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_cable-stayed_bridge_spans" title="List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans">Cable-stayed bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_cantilever_bridge_spans" title="List of longest cantilever bridge spans">Cantilever bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_continuous_truss_bridge_spans" title="List of longest continuous truss bridge spans">Continuous truss bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_arch_bridge_spans" title="List of longest arch bridge spans">Arch bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_masonry_arch_bridge_spans" title="List of longest masonry arch bridge spans">Masonry arch bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_bridges" title="List of highest bridges">Highest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_bridges" title="List of tallest bridges">Tallest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additional lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_failures" title="List of bridge failures">Bridge failures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_to_nowhere" title="Bridge to nowhere">Bridge to nowhere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_art" title="Bridges in art">Bridges in art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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