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aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries_of_foreign_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries_of_foreign_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Subsidiaries of foreign companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries_of_foreign_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government and infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-County_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#County_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>County government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-County_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Federal representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary and secondary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Public</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Private</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Irving, Texas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA_(%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="إيرفينغ (تكساس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيرفينغ (تكساس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%8C_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ایروینق، تکزاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایروینق، تکزاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ірвінг (Тэхас) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірвінг (Тэхас)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ірвінг (Тэхас) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ірвінг (Тэхас)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ървинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ървинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(lungsod_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Texas)" title="Irving (lungsod sa Tinipong Bansa, Texas) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Irving (lungsod sa Tinipong Bansa, Texas)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving" title="Irving – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Irving" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_(%CE%A4%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Ίρβινγκ (Τέξας) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίρβινγκ (Τέξας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Teksaso)" title="Irving (Teksaso) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irving (Teksaso)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_(%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="ایروینگ (تگزاس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایروینگ (تگزاس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_(%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="ايرواینگ (تگزاس) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايرواینگ (تگزاس)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%B9%99_(%ED%85%8D%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC)" title="어빙 (텍사스주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어빙 (텍사스주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Իրվինգ (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրվինգ (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Teksas" title="Irving, Teksas – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Irving, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ирвинг (Техас) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ирвинг (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A1)" title="אירווינג (טקסס) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אירווינג (טקסס)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Teksas" title="Irving, Teksas – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Irving, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvingas" title="Irvingas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Irvingas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D)" title="എർവിങ് (ടെക്സസ്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എർവിങ് (ടെക്സസ്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_(%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="ايرفينج (تكساس) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايرفينج (تكساس)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0_(%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%9E)" title="アービング (テキサス州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アービング (テキサス州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ирвинг (Техас) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ирвинг (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_i_Texas" title="Irving i Texas – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Irving i Texas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Teksas)" title="Irving (Teksas) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Irving (Teksas)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ирвинг (Техас) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирвинг (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Teksas)" title="Irving (Teksas) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Irving (Teksas)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ئایرڤینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایرڤینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ервинг (Тексас) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ервинг (Тексас)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(Texas)" title="Irving (Texas) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irving (Texas)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D2%A3" title="Ирвиң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ирвиң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Teksas" title="Irving, Teksas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irving, Teksas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Ірвінг (Техас) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірвінг (Техас)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ارونگ، ٹیکساس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارونگ، ٹیکساس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_(T%C3%A4xas%C3%A4n)" title="Irving (Täxasän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Irving (Täxasän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Irving, Texas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%9E%97%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="欧林（德克萨斯州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧林（德克萨斯州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%A6%AE" title="艾榮 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="艾榮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E)" title="歐文 (德克薩斯州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐文 (德克薩斯州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irving,_Texas&params=32_49_N_96_57_W_region:US-TX_type:city(196084)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">96°57′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.817°N 96.950°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.817; -96.950</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Texas, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Irving, Texas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise from top left: Urban Towers at Las Colinas, the former Texas Stadium, Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas, Downtown Las Colinas Skyline, The Mustangs at Las Colinas"><img alt="Clockwise from top left: Urban Towers at Las Colinas, the former Texas Stadium, Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas, Downtown Las Colinas Skyline, The Mustangs at Las Colinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Irving_Montage.jpg/250px-Irving_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Irving_Montage.jpg/375px-Irving_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Irving_Montage.jpg/500px-Irving_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2099" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top left: Urban Towers at Las Colinas, the former <a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Convention_Center_at_Las_Colinas" title="Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas">Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown" title="Downtown">Downtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Colinas">Las Colinas</a> <a href="/wiki/Skyline" title="Skyline">Skyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustangs_at_Las_Colinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustangs at Las Colinas">The Mustangs at Las Colinas</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Delivering Exceptional Services"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within Dallas County"><img alt="Location within Dallas County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg/250px-Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg/375px-Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg/500px-Dallas_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Irving_highighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within Dallas County</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_Texas.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Irving is located in Texas"><img alt="Irving is located in Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/250px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/375px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/500px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="989" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.248%;left:72.628%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Irving"><img alt="Irving" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Irving</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Texas</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Texas</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Irving is located in the United States"><img alt="Irving is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.852%;left:48.274%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Irving"><img alt="Irving" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Irving</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irving,_Texas&params=32_49_N_96_57_W_region:US-TX_type:city(196084)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">96°57′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.817°N 96.950°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.817; -96.950</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Dallas County, Texas">Dallas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated (city)</th><td class="infobox-data">April 14, 1914<sup id="cite_ref-incorporation-date_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incorporation-date-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">Council-Manager</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Irving,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Irving, Texas">Mayor</a> Rick Stopfer (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (U.S.)">R</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />John Bloch<br />Brad LaMorgese<br />Abdul Khabeer<br />Luis Canosa<br />Mark Cronenwett<br />Al Zapanta<br />Kyle Taylor<br />Dennis Webb<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="City Manager">City Manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chris Hillman <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">67.97 sq mi (176.04 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">66.98 sq mi (173.48 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.99 sq mi (2.57 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">482 ft (147 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">256,732</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:85%;">(US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">88th</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,580.20/sq mi (1,382.32/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,121,892 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">6th</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,810,913 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">4th</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • CSA<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,206,144 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Combined Statistical Areas">6th</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">75014-75017, 75038-75039, 75059-75064</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_214,_469,_972,_and_945" title="Area codes 214, 469, 972, and 945">214, 469, 945, 972</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_682_and_817" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes 682 and 817">682, 817</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48-37000<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1338507<sup id="cite_ref-GR3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofirving.org/">cityofirving.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Irving</b> is a city in <a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Dallas County, Texas">Dallas County, Texas</a>, United States. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Cities" title="Mid-Cities">Mid-Cities</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a> and is an <a href="/wiki/Inner_suburb" title="Inner suburb">inner city suburb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>. Irving is noted for its <a href="#Demographics">racial and ethnic diversity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Irving_Is_Known_For_Diversity_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irving_Is_Known_For_Diversity-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FiveThirtyEight_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FiveThirtyEight-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city had a population of 256,684 according to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a>, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Texas by population">twelfth-most populous</a> city in Texas, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States by population">88th most populous</a> in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts.census.gov_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts.census.gov-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irving includes the <a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas,_Irving,_Texas" title="Las Colinas, Irving, Texas">Las Colinas</a> mixed-use master-planned community and part of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Fort_Worth_International_Airport" title="Dallas Fort Worth International Airport">Dallas Fort Worth International Airport</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irving,_Texas" title="Timeline of Irving, Texas">Timeline of Irving, Texas</a></div><p>Irving was founded in 1903 by J.O. "Otto" Schulze and Otis Brown. It is believed literary author <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a> was a favorite of Netta Barcus Brown, and consequently the name of the town site, Irving, was chosen. Irving began in 1889 as an area called Gorbit, and in 1894 the name changed to Kit.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Irving_-_Irving_Archives_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Irving_-_Irving_Archives-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irving was incorporated April 14, 1914, with Otis Brown as the first mayor. </p><p>By the late nineteenth century the Irving area was the site of <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Cotton_gin" title="Cotton gin">cotton gins</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmith</a> shop and a general store. The Irving district <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public school</a> system dates to the 1909 establishment of Kit and Lively schools. Population growth was slow and sometimes halting, with only 357 residents in 1925, but a significant increase began in the 1930s. </p><p>By the early 1960s the city had a population of approximately 45,000. A number of <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> plants operated in Irving, along with <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial">financial</a> businesses. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas" title="University of Dallas">University of Dallas</a> in Irving opened in 1956, and <a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a> was completed in 1971 as the home field of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chateau_Theater" title="Chateau Theater">Chateau Theater</a> opened in 1964 as part of a chain of premium, dollar, and drive-in theaters that stretched across North Texas and Oklahoma. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_191" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 191">Delta Air Lines Flight 191</a> crashed in Irving on August 2, 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-FW_Star_Telegram_-_Delta_Flight_191_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FW_Star_Telegram_-_Delta_Flight_191-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irving's population reached 155,037 in 1990 and the United States Census Bureau estimated 236,607 residents in 2016, a 3.5 percent population increase over 2013 census estimates.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts.census.gov_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts.census.gov-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, an <a href="/wiki/Oshman%27s_Sporting_Goods" title="Oshman's Sporting Goods">Oshman's Sporting Goods</a> store was robbed by the "<a href="/wiki/Texas_Seven" title="Texas Seven">Texas Seven</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas opened. Four years later high-school student <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohamed_clock_incident" title="Ahmed Mohamed clock incident">Ahmed Mohamed</a> was the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Hoax_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoax bomb">hoax bomb</a> incident which ignited allegations of <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a> from many media and commentators. </p><p>In 2019, Irving completed its construction of an entertainment district in Las Colinas with the opening of the Westin Irving Convention Center Hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entertainment district also includes the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Toyota Music Factory, an entertainment complex with numerous restaurants, an Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, the Texas Lottery Plaza open-air performance stage and the Pavilion at the Toyota Music Factory concert venue.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 8, 2020, the city's local poultry plant run by <a href="/wiki/Westfield,_Wisconsin" title="Westfield, Wisconsin">Westfield, Wisconsin</a>-based Brakebush Bros. Inc reported 40 cases of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> among its workers during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 67.7 square miles (175 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 67.2 square miles (174 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km<sup>2</sup>) (0.65%) is water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments">Developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irving includes the <a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas,_Irving,_Texas" title="Las Colinas, Irving, Texas">Las Colinas</a> <a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">planned community</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use development</a> with a land area of more than 12,000 acres (4,856 ha) that is home to many <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies and the Las Colinas Entertainment District. It also includes part of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas/Fort_Worth_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport">Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport</a>. Irving also includes <a href="/wiki/Valley_Ranch,_Irving,_Texas" title="Valley Ranch, Irving, Texas">Valley Ranch</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Planned_unit_development" title="Planned unit development">master-planned development</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The warmest month on average is July, and the highest recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C) in 1980. The average coolest month is January, and the lowest recorded temperature was −8 °F (−22 °C) in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_-_Irving_weather_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_-_Irving_weather-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irving is considered to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> region. May is the wettest month on average .<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>357</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>731</td><td></td><td>104.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>1,089</td><td></td><td>49.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>2,621</td><td></td><td>140.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>45,985</td><td></td><td>1,654.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>97,260</td><td></td><td>111.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>109,943</td><td></td><td>13.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>155,037</td><td></td><td>41.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>191,615</td><td></td><td>23.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>216,290</td><td></td><td>12.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>256,684</td><td></td><td>18.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />2018 Estimate<sup id="cite_ref-2018_Pop_Estimate_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018_Pop_Estimate-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Irving city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>92,445 </td> <td>66,559 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">53,982 </td> <td>48.25% </td> <td>30.77% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">21.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>19,254 </td> <td>25,550 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">31,714 </td> <td>10.05% </td> <td>11.81% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">12.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>905 </td> <td>807 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">733 </td> <td>0.47% </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>15,674 </td> <td>30,161 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">57,301 </td> <td>8.18% </td> <td>13.94% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">22.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>199 </td> <td>221 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">250 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>247 </td> <td>434 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,227 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>3,053 </td> <td>3,591 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6,008 </td> <td>1.59% </td> <td>1.66% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>59,838 </td> <td>88,967 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">105,469 </td> <td>31.23% </td> <td>41.13% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">41.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>191,615</b> </td> <td><b>216,290</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>256,684</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a><sup id="cite_ref-GR2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were 216,290 people, 82,538 households, and 51,594 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,218.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,242.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 91,128 housing units at an average density of 1,356 per square mile (524/km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, there were 256,684 people, 86,023 households, and 57,330 families residing in the city. </p><p>Irving has been noted for its racial and ethnic diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-Irving_Is_Known_For_Diversity_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irving_Is_Known_For_Diversity-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2012 study by the real estate website <a href="/wiki/Trulia" title="Trulia">Trulia</a> found that Irving's 75038 zip code was the most diverse zip code in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-Irving_Is_Known_For_Diversity_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irving_Is_Known_For_Diversity-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Irving was ranked as the ninth-most diverse city in the United States with over 200,000 residents according to a Diversity Index developed by <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University's</a> American Communities Project. The same survey said Irving was the eighth-most diverse city at a neighborhood level (again among cities with over 200,000 residents); Irving was the highest-ranked city in Texas at the city level and behind only Garland, TX at the neighborhood level.<sup id="cite_ref-FiveThirtyEight_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FiveThirtyEight-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2010 census, the racial makeup of the city was 53.1% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a> (30.8% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic White">non-Hispanic white</a>), 12.3% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 14.0% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 16.2% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 3.5% from <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latinos</a> of any race were 41.1% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Irving_city,_Texas_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irving_city,_Texas-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest group of Hispanic or Latinos were of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican origin</a>, while those of <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a> heritage form the second largest group; in 2009 they formed 11.8% of those born outside of the United States. The Hispanic and Latino residents have moved into eastern Irving, which contains older neighborhoods than other areas of Irving.<sup id="cite_ref-Brettellp60_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brettellp60-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, the composition of Irving was 21.03% non-Hispanic white, 12.36% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 22.32% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.48% some other race, 2.34% multiracial, and 41.09% Hispanic or Latino of any race.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest Asian American ethnic group in Irving is the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Asian Indians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brettellp60_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brettellp60-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009 the Indians have mainly settled in proximity to high technology companies,<sup id="cite_ref-Brettellp61_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brettellp61-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into an area in western Irving along <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_114" title="Texas State Highway 114">Texas State Highway 114</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brettellp6061_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brettellp6061-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To absorb the Indian population, dense condominium and rental properties have opened in western Irving.<sup id="cite_ref-Brettellp61_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brettellp61-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 82,538 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families.<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.31.<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the city, 29% of the population was under the age of 19, 8% was between ages 20 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% were 65 years of age or older.<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median age was 31.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males. </p><p>The 2012 median income for a household in the city was $49,303, and the median income for a family was $54,755.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males had an estimated median income of $40,986 versus $36,518 for females.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> for the city was $26,970.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 13.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG/220px-Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG/330px-Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG/440px-Envoy_Air_HQ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Envoy_Air" title="Envoy Air">Envoy Air</a> headquarters</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the city's 2021–2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<sup id="cite_ref-cafr_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafr-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city's top employers are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Employer </th> <th># of Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>, Inc. </td> <td>6,162 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vistra_Corp" title="Vistra Corp">Vistra Energy</a> </td> <td>5,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allstate_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Allstate Insurance">Allstate Insurance</a> </td> <td>3,068 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon Communications</a> </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> </td> <td>2,681 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irving_Mall" title="Irving Mall">Irving Mall</a> </td> <td>2,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Corporation" title="Yellow Corporation">YRC Freight</a> </td> <td>1,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baylor_Scott_%26_White_Health" title="Baylor Scott & White Health">Baylor Scott & White Health</a> </td> <td>1,907 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Fort_Worth_International_Airport" title="Dallas Fort Worth International Airport">DFW International Airport</a> </td> <td>1,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a> </td> <td>1,900 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Several large businesses have headquarters in Irving, including <a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeroxchange" title="Aeroxchange">Aeroxchange</a>, Caliber Home Loans, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nautilus_Hyosung_America,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nautilus Hyosung America, Inc. (page does not exist)">Nautilus Hyosung America, Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Cheese" title="Chuck E. Cheese">Chuck E. Cheese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cicis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicis">Cicis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Metals_Company" title="Commercial Metals Company">Commercial Metals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CMC_-_headquarters_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMC_-_headquarters-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Envoy_Air" title="Envoy Air">Envoy Air</a> (formerly American Eagle),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gruma" title="Gruma">Gruma</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gruma_-_North_America_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruma_-_North_America-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H.D._Vest" class="mw-redirect" title="H.D. Vest">H.D. Vest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HD_Vest_-_headquarters_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HD_Vest_-_headquarters-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kimberly-Clark" title="Kimberly-Clark">Kimberly-Clark</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hoovers_-_KC_headquarters_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoovers_-_KC_headquarters-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_Inns_and_Suites" class="mw-redirect" title="La Quinta Inns and Suites">La Quinta Inns and Suites</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michaels" title="Michaels">Michaels Stores</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cafr2008_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafr2008-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Star_Concrete,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Star Concrete, Inc.">Southern Star Concrete, Inc.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Southern_Star_-_headquarters_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southern_Star_-_headquarters-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stellar,<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_-_Stellar_headquarters_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_-_Stellar_headquarters-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a global contact center provider, <a href="/wiki/Zale_Corporation" title="Zale Corporation">Zale Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Zale_Corp_headquarters_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zale_Corp_headquarters-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fluor_Corporation" title="Fluor Corporation">Fluor Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fluor_headquarters_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluor_headquarters-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flowserve" title="Flowserve">Flowserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/NCH_Corporation" title="NCH Corporation">NCH Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nch_headquarters_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nch_headquarters-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ITW Polymers Sealants North America,<sup id="cite_ref-itw_headquarters_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itw_headquarters-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Celanese_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Celanese Corporation">Celanese Corporation</a>, a leading producer of specialty chemicals,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vistra Energy and its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/TXU_Energy" title="TXU Energy">TXU Energy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/McKesson_Corporation" title="McKesson Corporation">McKesson Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and LXI Enterprise Storage.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2022, <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar Inc</a>, a construction and mining equipment manufacturer, announced it would move its headquarters to Irving.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is also home to the national headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries_of_foreign_companies">Subsidiaries of foreign companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries of foreign companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia America</a><sup id="cite_ref-nokia_us_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nokia_us-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/NEC_Corporation_of_America" title="NEC Corporation of America">NEC Corporation of America</a><sup id="cite_ref-nec_us_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nec_us-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are in Irving. The American headquarters of <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Limited" title="BlackBerry Limited">BlackBerry</a> was in Irving.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps as a result of the Nokia-Irving connection, Irving is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with Nokia's headquarters city, <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. </p><p>Irving is also the Headquarters of OSG USA INC., which is the North American Subsidiary of OSG Corporation in Japan. OSG is a leading provider of high end cutting tools used in industries such as automotive and aerospace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_June_2019_37_(Ruth_Paine_Home).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Irving_June_2019_37_%28Ruth_Paine_Home%29.jpg/220px-Irving_June_2019_37_%28Ruth_Paine_Home%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Irving_June_2019_37_%28Ruth_Paine_Home%29.jpg/330px-Irving_June_2019_37_%28Ruth_Paine_Home%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Irving_June_2019_37_%28Ruth_Paine_Home%29.jpg/440px-Irving_June_2019_37_%28Ruth_Paine_Home%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Paine_Home" title="Ruth Paine Home">Ruth Paine Home</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Irving Arts Center, owned by the city, is a home for the arts, housing 10 resident arts organizations. Resident Organizations provide cultural programs for the community, and opportunities to participate in the creative process. Community members can play a role in front of the curtain as musicians, actors, and artists, or behind the scenes as planners, technicians, directors and more. The Irving Arts Center is a Smithsonian Affiliate.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city owns and operates four historical museums: The Jackie Townsell Bear Creek Heritage Center, The Ruth Paine House Museum, and The Mustangs of Las Colinas Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fourth historical museum, the Irving Archives and Museum, opened in February, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irving serves as the headquarters city for two <a href="/wiki/College_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="College athletics">college athletics</a> conferences: the <a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12 Conference</a><sup id="cite_ref-big12_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-big12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/American_Athletic_Conference" title="American Athletic Conference">American Athletic Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Irving_Independent_School_District" title="Irving Independent School District">Irving Independent School District</a> (IISD) <a href="/wiki/High_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="High schools">high schools</a> play <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> and other sports at the Joy and Ralph Ellis Stadium (formerly Irving Schools Stadium). The stadium is located between Lee Britain Elementary School and Bowie Middle School at 600 E 6th St.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irving was the home of <a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a>, the former home stadium of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a>. The stadium was demolished on April 11, 2010. The city was also formerly the site of the Cowboys training facility for over 30 years. The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League's</a> <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a> played in Irving at <a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a> from <a href="/wiki/1971_Dallas_Cowboys_season" title="1971 Dallas Cowboys season">1971</a> to <a href="/wiki/2008_Dallas_Cowboys_season" title="2008 Dallas Cowboys season">2008</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the team maintained its headquarters in Irving's <a href="/wiki/Valley_Ranch,_Irving,_Texas" title="Valley Ranch, Irving, Texas">Valley Ranch</a> neighborhood from 1985 to 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_infrastructure">Government and infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government and infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_June_2019_08_(Irving_City_Hall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Irving_June_2019_08_%28Irving_City_Hall%29.jpg/220px-Irving_June_2019_08_%28Irving_City_Hall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Irving_June_2019_08_%28Irving_City_Hall%29.jpg/330px-Irving_June_2019_08_%28Irving_City_Hall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Irving_June_2019_08_%28Irving_City_Hall%29.jpg/440px-Irving_June_2019_08_%28Irving_City_Hall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Irving City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the November 2008 elections, Irving banned the sale of alcoholic beverages in stores, making it the largest in population dry suburb in North Texas. In 2004 the pro-alcohol measure failed with 63% of voters opposing the measure. In 2006, 52% voted against the measure. On the third attempt, with heavy monetary backing by retailers, voters narrowly voted in favor of the measure in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People in favor of changing Irving's liquor laws saw the interest in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 United States Presidential Election">2008 United States Presidential Election</a> as a catalyst for changing the laws in their favor.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 Irving had a city council that was entirely at-large. While Irving has a large population of racial minorities, the entire city council and the mayor's office, was entirely non-Hispanic White. Manny Benavidez, a resident of Irving, filed a lawsuit against the city in federal court in November 2007, saying that the voting system was not in compliance with the <a href="/wiki/1965_Voting_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="1965 Voting Rights Act">1965 Voting Rights Act</a>. On July 15, 2009, a federal judge ruled that Irving is required to create a new electoral system so that racial minority representatives may be voted into office.<sup id="cite_ref-MannWhiteBurd_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MannWhiteBurd-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 elections, which included one at-large seat and two district-seats, three new council members were elected, replacing two incumbents and adding a newly created seat. Among the three new council members were two minority council members.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#F8F8FF;width:60%">List of mayors of Irving, Texas</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>Otis Brown, 1914–1917<sup id="cite_ref-Hart_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>C. G. Miller, 1917–1919, 1925–1927<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>P. H. Lively, 1919–1921<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>W. F. Miller, 1921–1923<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>M. R. Price, 1923–1925<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>John Haley, 1927–1933<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>F. M. Gilbert, 1933–1937<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>C. P. Caldwell, 1937–1943<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>E. J. Johnson, 1943–1947<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hans Smith, 1947–1951<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>C. B. Hardee, 1951–1957<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Paul C. Laird, 1957–1959<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lynn Brown, 1959–1967<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Robert Power, 1967–1971<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dan Matkin, 1971–1977<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Marvin Randle, 1977–1981<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bobby Joe Raper, 1981–1987, 1993–1995<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bob Pierce, 1987–1991<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Roy Brown, 1991–1993<sup id="cite_ref-Graveyard_76-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graveyard-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Morris Parrish, 1995–1999<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Joe Putnam, 1999–2005<sup id="cite_ref-DMN2011_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMN2011-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Herbert Gears, 2005–2011<sup id="cite_ref-DMN2011_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMN2011-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Van_Duyne" title="Beth Van Duyne">Beth Van Duyne</a>, 2011–2017<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rick Stopfer, 2017–present<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></div> <p>The city of Irving is a voluntary member of the <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Texas_Council_of_Governments" title="North Central Texas Council of Governments">North Central Texas Council of Governments</a> association, the purpose of which is to coordinate individual and collective local governments and facilitate regional solutions, eliminate unnecessary duplication, and enable joint decisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="County_government">County government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: County government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Parkland_Health_%26_Hospital_System" title="Parkland Health & Hospital System">Parkland Health & Hospital System</a> (Dallas County Hospital District) operates the Irving Health Center.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_representation">Federal representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Federal representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> operates post offices in Irving. The Irving Main Post Office is at 2701 West Irving Boulevard.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other post offices in the city include Central Irving, Las Colinas, and Valley Ranch.<sup id="cite_ref-usps_irving_locations_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usps_irving_locations-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public">Public</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Irving_Independent_School_District" title="Irving Independent School District">Irving Independent School District</a> (IISD) serves most of Irving. Other areas are served by the <a href="/wiki/Carrollton-Farmers_Branch_Independent_School_District" title="Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District">Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District</a> (CFBISD), <a href="/wiki/Coppell_Independent_School_District" title="Coppell Independent School District">Coppell Independent School District</a> (CISD),<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Grapevine-Colleyville_Independent_School_District" title="Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District">Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major high schools that serve Irving are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_High_School_(Irving,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irving High School (Irving, Texas)">Irving High School</a> (IISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_High_School_(Irving,_Texas)" title="MacArthur High School (Irving, Texas)">MacArthur High School</a> (IISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimitz_High_School_(Irving,_Texas)" title="Nimitz High School (Irving, Texas)">Nimitz High School</a> (IISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_E._Singley_Academy" title="Jack E. Singley Academy">Jack E. Singley Academy</a> (IISD) formerly The Academy of Irving ISD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchview_High_School" title="Ranchview High School">Ranchview High School</a> (CFBISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppell_High_School" title="Coppell High School">Coppell High School</a> (CISD).</li></ul> <p>In 2014, 3,821 of CFBISD's 26,239 students resided in Irving.<sup id="cite_ref-cfbisd_demographics_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cfbisd_demographics-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Independent_School_District" title="Dallas Independent School District">Dallas Independent School District</a> (DISD) opened <a href="/wiki/North_Lake_Early_College_High_School" title="North Lake Early College High School">North Lake Early College High School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has a campus for students in grades 9–10 at North Lake South. The school is not within DISD's boundaries but DISD is allowed to operate it as such under Texas law.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uplift Education, a charter school operator, has its administrative offices in Irving.<sup id="cite_ref-uplift_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uplift-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uplift has two charter school campuses in Irving: Infinity Preparatory<sup id="cite_ref-uplift_infinity_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uplift_infinity-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (K–12) and North Hills Preparatory (K–12).<sup id="cite_ref-uplift_north_hills_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uplift_north_hills-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Winfree_Academy" title="Winfree Academy">Winfree Academy Charter School</a><sup id="cite_ref-winfree_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winfree-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Manara Academy Elementary<sup id="cite_ref-manara_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manara-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are in Irving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private">Private</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Private"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irving is home to <a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Preparatory_School" title="Cistercian Preparatory School">Cistercian Preparatory School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cistercian_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cistercian-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="University-preparatory school">university-preparatory school</a> for boys, grades 5 through 12. Irving is also home to <a href="/wiki/The_Highlands_School" title="The Highlands School">The Highlands School</a>, a university-preparatory school for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade.<sup id="cite_ref-highlands_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highlands-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One Catholic Pre-K–8th grade school, Holy Family Catholic Academy,<sup id="cite_ref-holy-family_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holy-family-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is in Irving. Irving is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_School_of_Irving" title="Islamic School of Irving">Islamic School of Irving</a><sup id="cite_ref-islamic_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islamic-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Pre-K–12). The Sloan School<sup id="cite_ref-sloan_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sloan-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Pre-K–5) and <a href="/wiki/StoneGate_Christian_Academy" title="StoneGate Christian Academy">StoneGate Christian Academy</a><sup id="cite_ref-stonegate_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stonegate-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (K4–12) are Christian private schools in Irving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is the site of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas" title="University of Dallas">University of Dallas</a><sup id="cite_ref-udallas_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udallas-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/North_Lake_College" class="mw-redirect" title="North Lake College">North Lake College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-northlake_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northlake-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a campus of <a href="/wiki/Dallas_College" title="Dallas College">Dallas College</a>. In addition, <a href="/wiki/DeVry_University" title="DeVry University">DeVry University</a><sup id="cite_ref-devry_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-devry-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a campus in Irving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_June_2019_01_(Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irving_June_2019_01_%28Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station%29.jpg/220px-Irving_June_2019_01_%28Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irving_June_2019_01_%28Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station%29.jpg/330px-Irving_June_2019_01_%28Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irving_June_2019_01_%28Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station%29.jpg/440px-Irving_June_2019_01_%28Downtown_Irving-Heritage_Crossing_station%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Irving/Heritage_Crossing_station" title="Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing station">Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing station</a> in Irving</figcaption></figure> <p>Several highways transverse Irving. The Airport Freeway, <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_183" title="Texas State Highway 183">SH 183</a>, runs east–west in the city center, while LBJ Freeway or <a href="/wiki/Interstate_635_(Texas)" title="Interstate 635 (Texas)">I-635</a> crosses the city's northern edge in the same direction. John Carpenter Freeway, <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_114" title="Texas State Highway 114">SH 114</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/President_George_Bush_Turnpike" title="President George Bush Turnpike">President George Bush Turnpike</a> create an X running northwest-to-southeast and southwest-to-northeast respectively. The Las Colinas area is centered near the intersection of 114 and the Bush turnpike. </p><p>Irving is one of 13 member-cities of the Dallas region's transit agency, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Dallas Area Rapid Transit">Dallas Area Rapid Transit</a> (DART). Currently, Irving is served by numerous bus routes and has two stops along the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Railway_Express" title="Trinity Railway Express">Trinity Railway Express</a> <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> route.<sup id="cite_ref-dart_tre_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dart_tre-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, DART's <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(DART)" title="Orange Line (DART)">Orange Line</a> through runs through Irving and Las Colinas to DFW Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-dart_orange_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dart_orange-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This connects northern Irving with Dallas through rail in addition to bus routes. </p><p>In 2015, 4.5 percent of Irving households lacked a car, which increased to 4.9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Irving averaged 1.75 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Las Colinas Urban Center is served by the <a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas_APT_System" title="Las Colinas APT System">Las Colinas APT System</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dart_apt_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dart_apt-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a people-mover that connects businesses and entertainment areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_D._Alexander" title="Larry D. Alexander">Larry D. Alexander</a>, artist/writer<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akin_Ayodele" title="Akin Ayodele">Akin Ayodele</a>, professional football player<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Beard_(musician)" title="Frank Beard (musician)">Frank Beard</a>, drummer for musical group <a href="/wiki/ZZ_Top" title="ZZ Top">ZZ Top</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Beaver" title="Jim Beaver">Jim Beaver</a>, actor/writer<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bosworth" title="Brian Bosworth">Brian Bosworth</a>, professional football player<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcus_Faggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Demarcus Faggins">Demarcus Faggins</a>, professional football player<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garza_(musician)" title="David Garza (musician)">David Garza</a>, musician<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hill_(flight_director)" title="Paul Hill (flight director)">Paul Hill</a>, Director of Mission Operations, NASA<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huff" title="Michael Huff">Michael Huff</a>, professional football player<sup id="cite_ref-irvingisd.net_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irvingisd.net-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lakes" title="Gary Lakes">Gary Lakes</a>, opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Lancaster" title="Les Lancaster">Les Lancaster</a>, professional baseball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacNicol" title="Peter MacNicol">Peter MacNicol</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Mays" title="Taylor Mays">Taylor Mays</a>, American NFL football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Malzahn" title="Gus Malzahn">Gus Malzahn</a>, Former Auburn Coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Norvell" title="Mike Norvell">Mike Norvell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida State football">Florida State football</a> head coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>, assassin of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play-N-Skillz" title="Play-N-Skillz">Play-N-Skillz</a>, record production duo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Rinaldi" title="Matt Rinaldi">Matt Rinaldi</a>, attorney, Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from Dallas County, and Irving resident<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Abdel_Said" title="Yaser Abdel Said">Yaser Abdel Said</a>, Egyptian fugitive on the FBI Ten Most Wanted List, wanted for the murder of his two teenage daughters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_Shea" title="Gwyn Shea">Gwyn Shea</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Texas" title="Secretary of State of Texas">Texas secretary of state</a> (2002–2003) and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a> (1983–1993)<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_Sims" title="Odyssey Sims">Odyssey Sims</a>, professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Story" title="Trevor Story">Trevor Story</a>, professional baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyson_Thompson" title="Tyson Thompson">Tyson Thompson</a>, professional football player<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a>, CEO Exxon Mobil, 69th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Van_Duyne" title="Beth Van Duyne">Beth Van Duyne</a>, Congresswoman from Texas' 24th congressional district, former mayor of Irving, Texas, and former HUD official</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wariner" title="Jeremy Wariner">Jeremy Wariner</a>, 400m sprinter, three-time Olympic gold medalist, five-time world champion<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Wood" title="Kerry Wood">Kerry Wood</a>, professional baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irving's <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Darkhan_(city)" title="Darkhan (city)">Darkhan</a>, Mongolia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a>, Mexico</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marino,_Lazio" title="Marino, Lazio">Marino</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a>, England, United Kingdom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TXU_Energy" title="TXU Energy">TXU Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_Irving,_Texas" title="Mayoral elections in Irving, Texas">Mayoral elections in Irving, Texas</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/21px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/42px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofirving.org/">"City of Irving Texas"</a>. City of Irving Texas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Irving+Texas&rft.pub=City+of+Irving+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofirving.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-incorporation-date-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-incorporation-date_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofirving.org/1591/Education-and-Tax-Information">"Education and Tax Information"</a>. <i>City of Irving</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Irving&rft.atitle=Education+and+Tax+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofirving.org%2F1591%2FEducation-and-Tax-Information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111003501/https://dallasdemocrats.org/site_files/2017%20and%202018%20Elections%20-%202017%20Elections%20(1).pdf">"2017 and 2018 Elections - 2017 Elections (1)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Dallas County, Texas Democratic Party</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dallasdemocrats.org/site_files/2017%20and%202018%20Elections%20-%202017%20Elections%20(1).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dallas+County%2C+Texas+Democratic+Party&rft.atitle=2017+and+2018+Elections+-+2017+Elections+%281%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdallasdemocrats.org%2Fsite_files%2F2017%2520and%25202018%2520Elections%2520-%25202017%2520Elections%2520%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofirving.org/210/Meet-Your-Mayor-and-Council">"Meet Your Mayor and Council Members"</a>. <i>City of Irving</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Irving&rft.atitle=Meet+Your+Mayor+and+Council+Members&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofirving.org%2F210%2FMeet-Your-Mayor-and-Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofirving.org/2215/City-Managers-Office">"Meet the City Manager"</a>. <i>City of Irving</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 2, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofirving.org/police/memorial-pages/timeline-of-texas-prison-escape.asp">the original</a> on April 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4837000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Irving city, Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Irving+city%2C+Texas&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US4837000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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href="#cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factfinder2.census.gov_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFData_Access_and_Dissemination_Systems_(DADS)" class="citation web cs1">Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>. 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U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4837000.html">the original</a> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+%26+County+QuickFacts&rft.atitle=Irving+%28city%29%2C+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F48%2F4837000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brettellp60-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brettellp60_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brettellp60_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brettell, Caroline B. '"Big D" Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis' (Chapter 3). In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. <i>Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America</i> (James A. Johnson metro series). <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution Press</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815779283" title="Special:BookSources/0815779283">0815779283</a>, 9780815779285. Start p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bduAC5GaLScC&pg=PA53">53</a>. 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In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. <i>Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America</i> (James A. Johnson metro series). <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution Press</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815779283" title="Special:BookSources/0815779283">0815779283</a>, 9780815779285. Start p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bduAC5GaLScC&pg=PA53">53</a>. CITED: p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bduAC5GaLScC&pg=PA60">60</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bduAC5GaLScC&pg=PA61">61</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFData_Access_and_Dissemination_Systems_(DADS)" class="citation web cs1">Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP03">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP03">the original</a> on February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft.au=Data+Access+and+Dissemination+Systems+%28DADS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_12_5YR_DP03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFData_Access_and_Dissemination_Systems_(DADS)" class="citation web cs1">Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212211855/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_S2001">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>. 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November 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big12Sports.com&rft.atitle=Big+12+Conference+Staff+Directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.big12sports.com%2FViewArticle.dbml%3F%26DB_OEM_ID%3D10410%26KEY%3D%26ATCLID%3D1514843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theamerican.org/">"American Athletic Conference"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Athletic+Conference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheamerican.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pro-football-reference.com/stadiums/DAL99.htm">"Texas Stadium History"</a>. <i>ProFootballReference</i>. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ProFootballReference&rft.atitle=Texas+Stadium+History&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pro-football-reference.com%2Fstadiums%2FDAL99.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallascowboys.com/photos/valley-ranch-through-the-years-406331#9115de1f-2c6e-11e8-b0e8-005056b04871">"Valley Ranch Through the Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Cowboys&rft.atitle=Valley+Ranch+Through+the+Years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallascowboys.com%2Fphotos%2Fvalley-ranch-through-the-years-406331%239115de1f-2c6e-11e8-b0e8-005056b04871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/dallas-cowboys-leave-valley-ranch-offices-and-nearby-businesses-see-big-hit-in-their-bottom-line/186581/">"Dallas Cowboys Leave Valley Ranch Offices, and Nearby Businesses See Big Hit In Their Bottom Line"</a>. <i>NBC 5 DFW</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Political+Graveyard&rft.atitle=Mayors+of+Irving%2C+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalgraveyard.com%2Fgeo%2FTX%2Fofc%2Firving.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/irving/2016/02/02/former-irving-mayor-robert-power-has-died">"Former Irving Mayor Robert Power has died"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></i>, February 2, 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Former+Irving+Mayor+Robert+Power+has+died&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fnews%2Firving%2F2016%2F02%2F02%2Fformer-irving-mayor-robert-power-has-died&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storm2k.org/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=54153&start=740">"Farewell reception honors Marge and Morris Parrish, former Irving mayor"</a>, <i>Irving Rambler</i>, February 27, 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irving+Rambler&rft.atitle=Farewell+reception+honors+Marge+and+Morris+Parrish%2C+former+Irving+mayor&rft.date=2005-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.storm2k.org%2Fphpbb2%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D54153%26start%3D740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DMN2011-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DMN2011_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMN2011_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/irving/2011/04/30/irvings-four-mayoral-candidates-focus-their-campaigns-on-one-enemy">"Irving's four mayoral candidates focus their campaigns on one enemy"</a>, <i>Dallas Morning News</i>, April 30, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Irving%27s+four+mayoral+candidates+focus+their+campaigns+on+one+enemy&rft.date=2011-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fnews%2Firving%2F2011%2F04%2F30%2Firvings-four-mayoral-candidates-focus-their-campaigns-on-one-enemy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofirving.org/210/Meet-Your-Mayor-and-Council">"Meet Your Mayor and Council Members"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parklandhospital.com/medical_services/centers_locations.html">the original</a> on May 16, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parklandhospital.com&rft.atitle=System+Error&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parklandhospital.com%2Fmedical_services%2Fcenters_locations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716110929/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71297?p=1&s=TX&service_name=post_office&z=Irving">"Whitepages – Find People, Businesses & More"</a>. <i>whitepages.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71297?p=1&s=TX&service_name=post_office&z=Irving">the original</a> on July 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitepages.com&rft.atitle=Whitepages+%E2%80%93+Find+People%2C+Businesses+%26+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusps.whitepages.com%2Fservice%2Fpost_office%2F71297%3Fp%3D1%26s%3DTX%26service_name%3Dpost_office%26z%3DIrving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usps_irving_locations-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usps_irving_locations_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203232532/https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorAction.action">"Find Locations"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.elpasomusicscene.com&rft.atitle=David+Garza+Interview+%E2%80%93+El+Paso+Music+Scene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpasomusicscene.com%2Finterviews%2Fdavid-garza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hill_(flight_director)" title="Paul Hill (flight director)">Paul Hill (flight director)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irvingisd.net-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irvingisd.net_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.irvingisd.net/nimitzsports/facilities/">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716094608/http://www.irvingisd.net/nimitzsports/facilities/">Archived</a> July 16, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mahalo.com/Peter_MacNicol">"Search"</a>. <i>Mahalo.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mahalo.com&rft.atitle=Search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2FPeter_MacNicol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1963" class="citation news cs1">Hill, Gladwin (November 24, 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C16F83D54147A93C6AB178AD95F478685F9">"Evidence Against Oswald Described as Conclusive - Dallas Police Describe the Evidence Against Oswald as Enough to 'Clinch' the Case OFFICIAL EXPECTS NEW INFORMATION But Prosecutor Is Confident of Data for a Conviction-- Suspect Still Questioned Reports Photographs Had Rifle in Garage Wants to Talk Questioning Resumed - Front Page - NYTimes.com"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Evidence+Against+Oswald+Described+as+Conclusive+-+Dallas+Police+Describe+the+Evidence+Against+Oswald+as+Enough+to+%27Clinch%27+the+Case+OFFICIAL+EXPECTS+NEW+INFORMATION+But+Prosecutor+Is+Confident+of+Data+for+a+Conviction--+Suspect+Still+Questioned+Reports+Photographs+Had+Rifle+in+Garage+Wants+to+Talk+Questioning+Resumed+-+Front+Page+-+NYTimes.com&rft.date=1963-11-24&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Gladwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFA0C16F83D54147A93C6AB178AD95F478685F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141210024428/http://mattrinaldi.com/about-matt/">"About Matt Rinaldi"</a>. mattrinaldi.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mattrinaldi.com/about-matt/">the original</a> on December 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Matt+Rinaldi&rft.pub=mattrinaldi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmattrinaldi.com%2Fabout-matt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029024727/http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?step=1&pers_id=7184">"Gwyn Shea"</a>. cemetery.state.tx.us. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?step=1&pers_id=7184">the original</a> on October 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gwyn+Shea&rft.pub=cemetery.state.tx.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cemetery.state.tx.us%2Fpub%2Fuser_form.asp%3Fstep%3D1%26pers_id%3D7184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/graphics/sports/gra/hshistory/1999.htm">"1999"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fgraphics%2Fsports%2Fgra%2Fhshistory%2F1999.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080714105444/http://trackfield.teamusa.org/athlete/athlete/302">"USA Track and Field – Features, Events, Results – Team USA"</a>. <i>Team USA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trackfield.teamusa.org/athlete/athlete/302">the original</a> on July 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Team+USA&rft.atitle=USA+Track+and+Field+%E2%80%93+Features%2C+Events%2C+Results+%E2%80%93+Team+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrackfield.teamusa.org%2Fathlete%2Fathlete%2F302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=woodke02">"Kerry Wood Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac"</a>. <i>baseball-almanac.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseball-almanac.com&rft.atitle=Kerry+Wood+Baseball+Stats+by+Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fplayers%2Fplayer.php%3Fp%3Dwoodke02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irvingchamber.com/international-business/irving-sister-cities">"Irving Sister Cities"</a>. <i>irvingchamber.com</i>. Irving – Las Colinas Chamber of Commerce<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irvingchamber.com&rft.atitle=Irving+Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irvingchamber.com%2Finternational-business%2Firving-sister-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving%2C+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irving,_Texas#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Irving, Texas">Bibliography of the history of Irving, Texas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving,_Texas&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Irving,_Texas" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Irving, Texas">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Irving,_Texas" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Irving, Texas">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Irving,_Texas" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Irving, Texas">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Irving,_Texas" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Irving, Texas">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Irving,_Texas" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Irving, Texas">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Irving" class="extiw" title="voy:Irving">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofirving.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2410117">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Iriving</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdi01">Irving</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/browse/contributor/IPL/">Historic Images from the Irving Archives, hosted by the Portal to Texas History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irvingtexas.com/">Irving Convention and Visitors Bureau</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irving,_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irving,_Texas" title="Template:Irving, Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irving,_Texas" title="Template talk:Irving, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irving,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irving, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irving,_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving, Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Areas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas,_Irving,_Texas" title="Las Colinas, Irving, Texas">Las Colinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Ranch,_Irving,_Texas" title="Valley Ranch, Irving, Texas">Valley Ranch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary and<br />secondary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Independent_School_District" title="Irving Independent School District">Irving ISD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_High_School" title="Irving High School">Irving HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_High_School_(Irving,_Texas)" title="MacArthur High School (Irving, Texas)">MacArthur HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimitz_High_School_(Irving,_Texas)" title="Nimitz High School (Irving, Texas)">Nimitz HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_E._Singley_Academy" title="Jack E. Singley Academy">Singley Academy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton-Farmers_Branch_Independent_School_District" title="Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District">Carrollton-Farmers Branch ISD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranchview_High_School" title="Ranchview High School">Ranchview HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppell_Independent_School_District" title="Coppell Independent School District">Coppell ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Independent_School_District" title="Dallas Independent School District">Dallas ISD</a><b>*</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Lake_Early_College_High_School" title="North Lake Early College High School">North Lake ECHS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine-Colleyville_Independent_School_District" title="Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District">Grapevine-Colleyville ISD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Preparatory_School" title="Cistercian Preparatory School">Cistercian Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Highlands_School" title="The Highlands School">The Highlands School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_School_of_Irving" title="Islamic School of Irving">Islamic School of Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneGate_Christian_Academy" title="StoneGate Christian Academy">StoneGate Christian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uplift_North_Hills_Preparatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uplift North Hills Preparatory (page does not exist)">Uplift North Hills Preparatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_College" title="Dallas College">Dallas College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_College_North_Lake_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas College North Lake Campus">Irving Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_College_North_Lake_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas College North Lake Campus">North Lake Campus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas" title="University of Dallas">University of Dallas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Seminary" title="Holy Trinity Seminary">Holy Trinity Seminary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dallas/Fort_Worth_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport">Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Dallas Area Rapid Transit">DART</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(DART)" title="Orange Line (DART)">Orange Line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_Line_station" title="Belt Line station">Belt Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_College_North_Lake_Campus_station" title="Dallas College North Lake Campus station">Dallas College North Lake Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Ridge_station" title="Hidden Ridge station">Hidden Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Convention_Center_station" title="Irving Convention Center station">Irving Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas_Urban_Center_station" title="Las Colinas Urban Center station">Las Colinas Urban Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas_station" title="University of Dallas station">University of Dallas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Irving_Transit_Center" title="North Irving Transit Center">North Irving Transit Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Railway_Express" title="Trinity Railway Express">TRE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Irving_station" title="West Irving station">West Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Irving/Heritage_Crossing_station" title="Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing station">Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Colinas_APT_System" title="Las Colinas APT System">Las Colinas APT System</a> (indefinitely suspended)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Music_Factory" title="Toyota Music Factory">Toyota Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Convention_Center_at_Las_Colinas" title="Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas">Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustangs_at_Las_Colinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustangs at Las Colinas">Mustangs at Las Colinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a> (demolished)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irving,_Texas" title="Timeline of Irving, Texas">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_191" title="Delta Air Lines Flight 191">Delta Air Lines Flight 191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohamed_clock_incident" title="Ahmed Mohamed clock incident">Ahmed Mohamed clock incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.<br /><b>*</b>Dallas ISD does not serve Irving's general student population, but North Lake ECHS, a non-zoned magnet school, is located in Irving.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dallas–Fort_Worth_metroplex" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Template:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Template talk:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dallas–Fort_Worth_metroplex" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Dallas-Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Dallas-Fort Worth">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Dallas-Fort_Worth_Metroplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Geology of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Dallas-Fort_Worth_metroplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Islam in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Dallas" title="History of the Jews in Dallas">Judaism and Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">African American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="Chinese Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Chinese American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="Indian Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Indian American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of Mexican Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Mexican American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigerian_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of Nigerian Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Nigerian American history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Dallas–Fort Worth">LGBT culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collin_County,_Texas" title="Collin County, Texas">Collin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Dallas County, Texas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton_County,_Texas" title="Denton County, Texas">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_County,_Texas" title="Ellis County, Texas">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_County,_Texas" title="Hood County, Texas">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_County,_Texas" title="Hunt County, Texas">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Texas" title="Johnson County, Texas">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman_County,_Texas" title="Kaufman County, Texas">Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_County,_Texas" title="Parker County, Texas">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwall_County,_Texas" title="Rockwall County, Texas">Rockwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somervell_County,_Texas" title="Somervell County, Texas">Somervell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrant_County,_Texas" title="Tarrant County, Texas">Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_County,_Texas" title="Wise County, Texas">Wise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns<br />100k–300k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen,_Texas" title="Allen, Texas">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Texas" title="Carrollton, Texas">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisco,_Texas" title="Frisco, Texas">Frisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prairie,_Texas" title="Grand Prairie, Texas">Grand Prairie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisville,_Texas" title="Lewisville, Texas">Lewisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney,_Texas" title="McKinney, Texas">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquite,_Texas" title="Mesquite, Texas">Mesquite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson,_Texas" title="Richardson, Texas">Richardson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns<br />25k–99k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balch_Springs,_Texas" title="Balch Springs, Texas">Balch Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Texas" title="Bedford, Texas">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burleson,_Texas" title="Burleson, Texas">Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill,_Texas" title="Cedar Hill, Texas">Cedar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleyville,_Texas" title="Colleyville, Texas">Colleyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Colony,_Texas" title="The Colony, Texas">The Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppell,_Texas" title="Coppell, Texas">Coppell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSoto,_Texas" title="DeSoto, Texas">DeSoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncanville,_Texas" title="Duncanville, Texas">Duncanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euless,_Texas" title="Euless, Texas">Euless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Branch,_Texas" title="Farmers Branch, Texas">Farmers Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_Mound,_Texas" title="Flower Mound, Texas">Flower Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine,_Texas" title="Grapevine, Texas">Grapevine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Texas" title="Greenville, Texas">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haltom_City,_Texas" title="Haltom City, Texas">Haltom City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurst,_Texas" title="Hurst, Texas">Hurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keller,_Texas" title="Keller, Texas">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Texas" title="Lancaster, Texas">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Elm,_Texas" title="Little Elm, Texas">Little Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Texas" title="Mansfield, Texas">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlothian,_Texas" title="Midlothian, Texas">Midlothian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Richland_Hills,_Texas" title="North Richland Hills, Texas">North Richland Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper,_Texas" title="Prosper, Texas">Prosper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwall,_Texas" title="Rockwall, Texas">Rockwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlett,_Texas" title="Rowlett, Texas">Rowlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachse,_Texas" title="Sachse, Texas">Sachse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southlake,_Texas" title="Southlake, Texas">Southlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Park,_Texas" title="University Park, Texas">University Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxahachie,_Texas" title="Waxahachie, Texas">Waxahachie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford,_Texas" title="Weatherford, Texas">Weatherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wylie,_Texas" title="Wylie, Texas">Wylie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns<br />10k–25k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addison,_Texas" title="Addison, Texas">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna,_Texas" title="Anna, Texas">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azle,_Texas" title="Azle, Texas">Azle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benbrook,_Texas" title="Benbrook, Texas">Benbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celina,_Texas" title="Celina, Texas">Celina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Texas" title="Corinth, Texas">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowley,_Texas" title="Crowley, Texas">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennis,_Texas" title="Ennis, Texas">Ennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview,_Texas" title="Fairview, Texas">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fate,_Texas" title="Fate, Texas">Fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill,_Texas" title="Forest Hill, Texas">Forest Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forney,_Texas" title="Forney, Texas">Forney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Heights,_Texas" title="Glenn Heights, Texas">Glenn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granbury,_Texas" title="Granbury, Texas">Granbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Village,_Texas" title="Highland Village, Texas">Highland Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa,_Texas" title="Melissa, Texas">Melissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy,_Texas" title="Murphy, Texas">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Texas" title="Princeton, Texas">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Oak,_Texas" title="Red Oak, Texas">Red Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendon,_Texas" title="Rendon, Texas">Rendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royse_City,_Texas" title="Royse City, Texas">Royse City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Texas" title="Saginaw, Texas">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagoville,_Texas" title="Seagoville, Texas">Seagoville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrell,_Texas" title="Terrell, Texas">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_Club,_Texas" title="Trophy Club, Texas">Trophy Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watauga,_Texas" title="Watauga, Texas">Watauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Settlement,_Texas" title="White Settlement, Texas">White Settlement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Dallas_County,_Texas,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Template:Dallas County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Template talk:Dallas County, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dallas County, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Dallas_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Dallas County, Texas"><span class="region">Dallas County, Texas</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas"><span>Dallas‡</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balch_Springs,_Texas" title="Balch Springs, Texas">Balch Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Texas" title="Carrollton, Texas">Carrollton</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill,_Texas" title="Cedar Hill, Texas">Cedar Hill</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockrell_Hill,_Texas" title="Cockrell Hill, Texas">Cockrell Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combine,_Texas" title="Combine, Texas">Combine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppell,_Texas" title="Coppell, Texas">Coppell</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSoto,_Texas" title="DeSoto, Texas">DeSoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncanville,_Texas" title="Duncanville, Texas">Duncanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Branch,_Texas" title="Farmers Branch, Texas">Farmers Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferris,_Texas" title="Ferris, Texas">Ferris</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Heights,_Texas" title="Glenn Heights, Texas">Glenn Heights</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prairie,_Texas" title="Grand Prairie, Texas">Grand Prairie</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine,_Texas" title="Grapevine, Texas">Grapevine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchins,_Texas" title="Hutchins, Texas">Hutchins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Texas" title="Lancaster, Texas">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisville,_Texas" title="Lewisville, Texas">Lewisville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquite,_Texas" title="Mesquite, Texas">Mesquite</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovilla,_Texas" title="Ovilla, Texas">Ovilla</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson,_Texas" title="Richardson, Texas">Richardson</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlett,_Texas" title="Rowlett, Texas">Rowlett</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachse,_Texas" title="Sachse, Texas">Sachse</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagoville,_Texas" title="Seagoville, Texas">Seagoville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Park,_Texas" title="University Park, Texas">University Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmer,_Texas" title="Wilmer, Texas">Wilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wylie,_Texas" title="Wylie, Texas">Wylie</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dallas County map"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Dallas_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Dallas_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Dallas_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Dallas_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Dallas_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Dallas_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1317" /></span><figcaption>Dallas County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addison,_Texas" title="Addison, Texas">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Texas" title="Highland Park, Texas">Highland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_Texas" title="Sunnyvale, Texas">Sunnyvale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Creek_Ranch,_Texas" title="Bear Creek Ranch, Texas">Bear Creek Ranch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area#United_States" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Branch,_Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Sand Branch, Dallas County, Texas">Sand Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Historical<br />communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha,_Texas" title="Alpha, Texas">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham,_Richardson,_Texas" title="Buckingham, Richardson, Texas">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_Creek,_Garland,_Texas" title="Duck Creek, Garland, Texas">Duck Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Dallas" title="East Dallas">East Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embree,_Garland,_Texas" title="Embree, Garland, Texas">Embree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitdale,_Dallas" title="Fruitdale, Dallas">Fruitdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatterville,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatterville, Texas">Hatterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hord%27s_Ridge,_Texas" title="Hord's Ridge, Texas">Hord's Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleberg,_Dallas" title="Kleberg, Dallas">Kleberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Reunion_(Dallas)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Reunion (Dallas)">La Reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Grove,_Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Liberty Grove, Dallas County, Texas">Liberty Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Creek,_Sunnyvale,_Texas" title="Long Creek, Sunnyvale, Texas">Long Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope,_Sunnyvale,_Texas" title="New Hope, Sunnyvale, Texas">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Cliff,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Cliff, Texas">Oak Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Grove,_Dallas" title="Pleasant Grove, Dallas">Pleasant Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Hollow,_Dallas" title="Preston Hollow, Dallas">Preston Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renner,_Dallas" title="Renner, Dallas">Renner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylie,_Dallas" title="Rylie, Dallas">Rylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scyene,_Dallas" title="Scyene, Dallas">Scyene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Mills,_Texas" title="Trinity Mills, Texas">Trinity Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripp,_Sunnyvale,_Texas" title="Tripp, Sunnyvale, Texas">Tripp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Texas (state)"><span>Texas portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas" title="Template:Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas" title="Template talk:Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Texas-related_articles" title="Index of Texas-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Texas" title="Outline of Texas">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Texas" title="Climate change in Texas">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Texas" title="Geography of Texas">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Texas" title="Healthcare in Texas">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Texas" title="Languages of Texas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Texas" title="Law of Texas">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_literature" title="Texas literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Texas" title="Category:Mass media in Texas">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Texas" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">National Register of Historic Places Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks" title="List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks">Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Texas" title="Sports in Texas">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_symbols" title="List of Texas state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Texas" title="List of people from Texas">Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Texas" title="Time in Texas">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Texas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Texas">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Texas" title="Transportation in Texas">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Texas" title="Crime in Texas">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Texas" title="Demographics of Texas">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Texas" title="Education in Texas">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Texas" title="Gambling in Texas">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Texas" title="Gun laws in Texas">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Texas">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Texas">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Texas" title="Politics of Texas">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark‑La‑Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica_(Texas)" title="Boca Chica (Texas)">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies" title="Texas Blackland Prairies">Blackland Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle (Texas)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_panhandle" title="Texas panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Texas metropolitan areas">Metropolitan<br />areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">DFW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>–<a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_Texas" title="Mission, Texas">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Denison,_Texas" title="Denison, Texas">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Creek_(Texas)" title="Wagner Creek (Texas)">Wagner Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">List of counties in Texas</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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