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脡tienne Apers - Blog Insee

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Le fait de ne pas consentir ou de retirer son consentement peut avoir un effet n茅gatif sur certaines caract茅ristiques et fonctions.</div> <!-- categories start --> <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Fonctionnel</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Fonctionnel</span></label> </span> Toujours activ茅 </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">L鈥檃cc猫s ou le stockage technique est strictement n茅cessaire dans la finalit茅 d鈥檌nt茅r锚t l茅gitime de permettre l鈥檜tilisation d鈥檜n service sp茅cifique explicitement demand茅 par l鈥檃bonn茅 ou l鈥檜tilisateur, ou dans le seul but d鈥檈ffectuer la transmission d鈥檜ne communication sur un r茅seau de communications 茅lectroniques.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Pr茅f茅rences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Pr茅f茅rences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">L鈥檃cc猫s ou le stockage technique est n茅cessaire dans la finalit茅 d鈥檌nt茅r锚t l茅gitime de stocker des pr茅f茅rences qui ne sont pas demand茅es par l鈥檃bonn茅 ou l鈥檌nternaute.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistiques</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistiques</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">Le stockage ou l鈥檃cc猫s technique qui est utilis茅 exclusivement 脿 des fins statistiques.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">Le stockage ou l鈥檃cc猫s technique qui est utilis茅 exclusivement dans des finalit茅s statistiques anonymes. En l鈥檃bsence d鈥檜ne assignation 脿 compara卯tre, d鈥檜ne conformit茅 volontaire de la part de votre fournisseur d鈥檃cc猫s 脿 internet ou d鈥檈nregistrements suppl茅mentaires provenant d鈥檜ne tierce partie, les informations stock茅es ou extraites 脿 cette seule fin ne peuvent g茅n茅ralement pas 锚tre utilis茅es pour vous identifier.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">L鈥檃cc猫s ou le stockage technique est n茅cessaire pour cr茅er des profils d鈥檌nternautes afin d鈥檈nvoyer des publicit茅s, ou pour suivre l鈥檜tilisateur sur un site web ou sur plusieurs sites web ayant des finalit茅s marketing similaires.</span> </div> </details> </div><!-- categories end --> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">G茅rer les options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">G茅rer les services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">G茅rer {vendor_count} fournisseurs</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">En savoir plus sur ces finalit茅s</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accepter</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Refuser</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">Voir les pr茅f茅rences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Enregistrer les pr茅f茅rences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Voir les pr茅f茅rences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">G茅rer le consentement</button> </div><script type="text/javascript" id="email-subscribers-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var es_data = {"messages":{"es_empty_email_notice":"Please enter email address","es_rate_limit_notice":"You need to wait for some time before subscribing again","es_single_optin_success_message":"Successfully Subscribed.","es_email_exists_notice":"Email Address already exists!","es_unexpected_error_notice":"Oops.. 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