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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Network security</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حماية الشبكات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حماية الشبكات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="নেটৱৰ্ক সুৰক্ষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নেটৱৰ্ক সুৰক্ষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99b%C9%99k%C9%99_t%C9%99hl%C3%BCk%C9%99sizliyi" title="Şəbəkə təhlükəsizliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəbəkə təhlükəsizliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мрежова сигурност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мрежова сигурност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD%C5%A5ov%C3%A9_zabezpe%C4%8Den%C3%AD" title="Síťové zabezpečení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Síťové zabezpečení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netzwerksicherheit" title="Netzwerksicherheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Netzwerksicherheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ασφάλεια δικτύων υπολογιστών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ασφάλεια δικτύων υπολογιστών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguridad_de_redes" title="Seguridad de redes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Seguridad de redes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sareen_segurtasun" title="Sareen segurtasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sareen segurtasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87" title="امنیت شبکه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امنیت شبکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_du_r%C3%A9seau" title="Sécurité du réseau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sécurité du réseau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="નેટવર્ક સુરક્ષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નેટવર્ક સુરક્ષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%8C%ED%81%AC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%88" title="네트워크 보안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네트워크 보안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keamanan_jaringan" title="Keamanan jaringan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keamanan jaringan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABkla_dro%C5%A1%C4%ABba" title="Tīkla drošība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tīkla drošība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мрежна безбедност – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мрежна безбедност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7" title="നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക് സുരക്ഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക് സുരക്ഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keselamatan_rangkaian" title="Keselamatan rangkaian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keselamatan rangkaian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сүлжээний аюулгүй байдал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сүлжээний аюулгүй байдал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netwerkbeveiliging" title="Netwerkbeveiliging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Netwerkbeveiliging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="ネットワーク・セキュリティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネットワーク・セキュリティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguran%C3%A7a_de_rede" title="Segurança de rede – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segurança de rede" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securitatea_re%C8%9Belelor_de_calculatoare" title="Securitatea rețelelor de calculatoare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Securitatea rețelelor de calculatoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Безопасность сети – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Безопасность сети" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95" title="ئاسایشی تۆڕ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاسایشی تۆڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C5%A1tita_ra%C4%8Dunarskih_mre%C5%BEa" title="Zaštita računarskih mreža – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zaštita računarskih mreža" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F_g%C3%BCvenli%C4%9Fi" title="Ağ güvenliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ağ güvenliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96" title="Безпека мережі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Безпека мережі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_m%E1%BA%ADt_m%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Bảo mật mạng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảo mật mạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="網絡保安 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網絡保安" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="网络安全 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="网络安全" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer network access control</div> <p><b>Network security</b> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Policies">policies, processes</a> and practices adopted to prevent, detect and monitor <a href="/wiki/Unauthorized" class="mw-redirect" title="Unauthorized">unauthorized</a> access, <a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">misuse</a>, modification, or denial of a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a> and network-accessible resources.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Network_administrator" title="Network administrator">network administrator</a>. Users choose or are assigned an ID and password or other authenticating information that allows them access to information and programs within their authority. Network security covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs: conducting transactions and communications among businesses, <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agencies</a> and individuals. Networks can be private, such as within a company, and others which might be open to public access. Network security is involved in organizations, enterprises, and other types of institutions. It does as its title explains: it secures the network, as well as protecting and overseeing operations being done. The most common and simple way of protecting a network resource is by assigning it a unique name and a corresponding password. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Network_security_concept">Network security concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_security&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Network security concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Network security starts with <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authentication</a>, commonly with a username and a <a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">password</a>. Since this requires just one detail authenticating the user name—i.e., the password—this is sometimes termed one-factor authentication. With <a href="/wiki/Two-factor_authentication" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-factor authentication">two-factor authentication</a>, something the user 'has' is also used (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Security_token" title="Security token">security token</a> or '<a href="/wiki/Dongle" title="Dongle">dongle</a>', an <a href="/wiki/ATM_card" title="ATM card">ATM card</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a>); and with three-factor authentication, something the user 'is' is also used (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint" title="Fingerprint">fingerprint</a> or <a href="/wiki/Retinal_scan" title="Retinal scan">retinal scan</a>). </p><p>Once authenticated, a <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firewall (networking)">firewall</a> enforces access policies such as what services are allowed to be accessed by the network users.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though effective to prevent unauthorized access, this component may fail to check potentially harmful content such as <a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">computer worms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojans</a> being transmitted over the network. <a href="/wiki/Anti-virus_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-virus software">Anti-virus software</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Intrusion_prevention_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion prevention system">intrusion prevention system</a> (IPS)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> help detect and inhibit the action of such <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Anomaly-based_intrusion_detection_system" title="Anomaly-based intrusion detection system">anomaly-based intrusion detection system</a> may also monitor the network like wireshark <a href="/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" title="Deep packet inspection">traffic</a> and may be logged for audit purposes and for later high-level analysis. Newer systems combining unsupervised <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> with full network traffic analysis can detect active network attackers from malicious insiders or targeted external attackers that have compromised a user machine or account.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Communication between two hosts using a network may be encrypted to maintain security and privacy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Honeypot_(computing)" title="Honeypot (computing)">Honeypots</a>, essentially <a href="/wiki/Decoy" title="Decoy">decoy</a> network-accessible resources, may be deployed in a network as <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a> and early-warning tools, as the honeypots are not normally accessed for legitimate purposes. Honeypots are placed at a point in the network where they appear vulnerable and undefended, but they Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator. Users choose or are assigned an ID ...are actually isolated and monitored.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Techniques used by the attackers that attempt to compromise these decoy resources are studied during and after an attack to keep an eye on new <a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">exploitation</a> techniques. Such analysis may be used to further tighten security of the actual network being protected by the honeypot. A honeypot can also direct an attacker's attention away from legitimate servers. A honeypot encourages attackers to spend their time and energy on the decoy server while distracting their attention from the data on the real server. Similar to a honeypot, a <a href="/wiki/Honeynet" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeynet">honeynet</a> is a network set up with intentional vulnerabilities. Its purpose is also to invite attacks so that the attacker's methods can be studied and that information can be used to increase network security. A honeynet typically contains one or more honeypots.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previous research on network security was mostly about using tools to secure transactions and information flow, and how well users knew about and used these tools. However, more recently, the discussion has expanded to consider <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a> in the broader context of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_economy" title="Digital economy">digital economy</a> and society. This indicates that it's not just about individual users and tools; it's also about the larger culture of information security in our digital world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_management">Security management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_security&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Security management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Security management for networks is different for all kinds of situations. A home or small office may only require basic security while large businesses may require high-maintenance and advanced software and hardware to prevent malicious attacks from <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">hacking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">spamming</a>. In order to minimize susceptibility to malicious attacks from external threats to the network, corporations often employ tools which carry out network security verifications]. Andersson and Reimers (2014) found that employees often do not see themselves as part of their organization's information security effort and often take actions that impede organizational changes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_attack">Types of attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_security&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types of attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Networks are subject to <a href="/wiki/Attack_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack (computing)">attacks</a> from malicious sources. Attacks can be from two categories: "Passive" when a network intruder intercepts data traveling through the network, and "Active" in which an intruder initiates commands to disrupt the network's normal operation or to conduct reconnaissance and lateral movements to find and gain access to assets available via the network.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Types of attacks include:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Passive <ul><li>Network <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Wiretapping</a> – Third-party monitoring of electronic communications<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_scanner" title="Port scanner">Passive Port scanner</a> – Application designed to probe for open ports</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_scan" title="Idle scan">Idle scan</a> – computer-related activity<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a> – Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_analysis" title="Traffic analysis">Traffic analysis</a> – Process of intercepting and examining messages</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Active:<span class="plainlinks"></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Network virus (page does not exist)">Network virus</a> (router viruses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">Eavesdropping</a> – Act of secretly listening to the private conversation of others</li> <li>Data modification</li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">Denial-of-service attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_scanner" title="Port scanner">Active Port scanner</a> – Application designed to probe for open ports</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_spoofing" title="DNS spoofing">DNS spoofing</a> – Cyberattack using corrupt DNS data</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">Man in the middle</a> – Form of message tampering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARP_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="ARP poisoning">ARP poisoning</a> – Cyberattack which associates the attacker's MAC address with the IP address of another host<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLAN_hopping" title="VLAN hopping">VLAN hopping</a> – Method of attacking networked resources on a virtual LAN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smurf_attack" title="Smurf attack">Smurf attack</a> – Type of attack on a computer network</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffer_overflow" title="Buffer overflow">Buffer overflow</a> – Anomaly in computer security and programming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heap_overflow" title="Heap overflow">Heap overflow</a> – Software anomaly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_string_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Format string attack">Format string attack</a> – Type of software vulnerability<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_injection" title="SQL injection">SQL injection</a> – Computer hacking technique</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a> – Form of social engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> – Computer security vulnerability</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSRF" class="mw-redirect" title="CSRF">CSRF</a> – Malicious website exploit where unauthorized commands are transmitted from a trusted user<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-attack">Cyber-attack</a> – Attack on a computer system<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_security&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Cloud computing security</a> – Methods used to protect cloud based assets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a> – Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a> – Class of malware designed specifically to automate cybercrime</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_security_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="IT security standards">IT security standards</a> – Technology standards and techniques<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_loss_prevention_software" title="Data loss prevention software">Data loss prevention software</a> – Concept of data breach protection</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greynet" class="mw-redirect" title="Greynet">Greynet</a> – Malicious software<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity-based_security" title="Identity-based security">Identity-based security</a> – Access control by authenticated ID</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDN_homograph_attack" title="IDN homograph attack">IDN homograph attack</a> – Visually similar letters in domain names</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metasploit_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Metasploit Project">Metasploit Project</a> – Computer security testing tool<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Mobile security</a> – Security risk and prevention for mobile devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_enclave" title="Network enclave">Network enclave</a> – Limited access computer network</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Security_Toolkit" title="Network Security Toolkit">Network Security Toolkit</a> – live Linux CD<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCP_Gender_Changer" title="TCP Gender Changer">TCP Gender Changer</a> – Method in computer networking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCP_sequence_prediction_attack" title="TCP sequence prediction attack">TCP sequence prediction attack</a> – Cyberattack involving counterfeit packets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_security_hacking_incidents" title="List of security hacking incidents">List of security hacking incidents</a> – Data incident security hacking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_security" title="Wireless security">Wireless security</a> – Aspect of wireless networks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_secrets" title="Dynamic secrets">Dynamic secrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Orbit_Ion_Cannon" title="Low Orbit Ion Cannon">Low Orbit Ion Cannon</a> – Open source network stress testing and denial-of-service attack application</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Orbit_Ion_Cannon" title="High Orbit Ion Cannon">High Orbit Ion Cannon</a> – Denial-of-service attack tool</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon%E2%80%93Loeb_model" title="Gordon–Loeb model">Gordon–Loeb model</a> – Method for optimizing information security investments</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_security&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forcepoint.com/cyber-edu/network-security">"What is Network Security? Poda myre"</a>. <i>Forcepoint</i>. 2018-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forcepoint&rft.atitle=What+is+Network+Security%3F+Poda+myre&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forcepoint.com%2Fcyber-edu%2Fnetwork-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Role-Based Trusted Network Provides <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2008/ts_010208b.html?sid=BAC-NewsWire">Pervasive Security and Compliance</a> - interview with <a href="/wiki/Jayshree_Ullal" title="Jayshree Ullal">Jayshree Ullal</a>, senior VP of <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacfarlaneBuchananEkonomouUthmani2012" class="citation journal cs1">Macfarlane, Richard; Buchanan, William; Ekonomou, Elias; Uthmani, Omair; Fan, Lu; Lo, Owen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167404811001192">"Formal security policy implementations in network firewalls"</a>. <i>Computers & Security</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 253–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cose.2011.10.003">10.1016/j.cose.2011.10.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Security&rft.atitle=Formal+security+policy+implementations+in+network+firewalls&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=253-270&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cose.2011.10.003&rft.aulast=Macfarlane&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+William&rft.au=Ekonomou%2C+Elias&rft.au=Uthmani%2C+Omair&rft.au=Fan%2C+Lu&rft.au=Lo%2C+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0167404811001192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dave Dittrich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staff.washington.edu/dittrich/network.html"><i>Network monitoring/Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827234520/http://staff.washington.edu/dittrich/network.html">Archived</a> 2006-08-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Washington.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darkreading.com/operations/automating-breach-detection-for-the-way-security-professionals-think/a/d-id/1322443">"Dark Reading: Automating Breach Detection For The Way Security Professionals Think"</a>. October 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dark+Reading%3A+Automating+Breach+Detection+For+The+Way+Security+Professionals+Think&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darkreading.com%2Foperations%2Fautomating-breach-detection-for-the-way-security-professionals-think%2Fa%2Fd-id%2F1322443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/honey-pot">"What is a honeypot? How it protects against cyber attacks"</a>. <i>SearchSecurity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SearchSecurity&rft.atitle=What+is+a+honeypot%3F+How+it+protects+against+cyber+attacks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearchsecurity.techtarget.com%2Fdefinition%2Fhoney-pot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.honeypots.net">"<i>Honeypots, Honeynets</i>"</a>. Honeypots.net. 2007-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honeypots%2C+Honeynets&rft.pub=Honeypots.net&rft.date=2007-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.honeypots.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrawczyk-SokołowskaCaputa2023" class="citation journal cs1">Krawczyk-Sokołowska, Izabela; Caputa, Wiesława (2023-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982364">"Awareness of network security and customer value – The company and customer perspective"</a>. <i>Technological Forecasting and Social Change</i>. <b>190</b>: 122430. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.techfore.2023.122430">10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122430</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-1625">0040-1625</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982364">9982364</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36883131">36883131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technological+Forecasting+and+Social+Change&rft.atitle=Awareness+of+network+security+and+customer+value+%E2%80%93+The+company+and+customer+perspective&rft.volume=190&rft.pages=122430&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9982364%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0040-1625&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36883131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.techfore.2023.122430&rft.aulast=Krawczyk-Soko%C5%82owska&rft.aufirst=Izabela&rft.au=Caputa%2C+Wies%C5%82awa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9982364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reimers, Karl; Andersson, David (2017). Post-secondary Education Network Security: the End User Challenge and Evolving Threats. ICERI2017 Proceedings. Vol. 1. IATED. pp. 1787–1796. doi:10.21125/iceri.2017.0554. ISBN 978-84-697-6957-7. ISSN 2340-1095</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, Joe; Jim Harmening (2009) "15" Computer and Information Security Handbook Morgan Kaufmann Publications Elsevier Inc p. 257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227163121/http://www.cnss.gov/Assets/pdf/cnssi_4009.pdf">"BIG-IP logout page"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cnss.gov. 1970-01-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnss.gov/Assets/pdf/cnssi_4009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BIG-IP+logout+page&rft.pub=Cnss.gov&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnss.gov%2FAssets%2Fpdf%2Fcnssi_4009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANetwork+security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_security&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmagazine.com/case-study-network-clarity/article/324988"><i>Case Study: Network Clarity</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527070056/http://www.scmagazine.com/case-study-network-clarity/article/324988/">Archived</a> 2016-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SC Magazine 2014</li> <li>Cisco. (2011). What is network security?. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/small_business/resource_center/articles/secure_my_business/what_is_network_security/index.html">cisco.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414004501/http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/small_business/resource_center/articles/secure_my_business/what_is_network_security/index.html">Archived</a> 2016-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cert.org/encyc_article/tocencyc.html">Security of the Internet</a> (<i>The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications vol. 15</i>. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997, pp. 231–255.)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interhack.net/pubs/network-security">Introduction to Network Security</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141202191427/http://www.interhack.net/pubs/network-security/">Archived</a> 2014-12-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Matt Curtin, 1997.</li> <li><i>Security Monitoring with Cisco Security MARS</i>, Gary Halleen/Greg Kellogg, Cisco Press, Jul. 6, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1587052709" title="Special:BookSources/1587052709">1587052709</a></li> <li><i>Self-Defending Networks: The Next Generation of Network Security</i>, Duane DeCapite, Cisco Press, Sep. 8, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1587052539" title="Special:BookSources/1587052539">1587052539</a></li> <li><i>Security Threat Mitigation and Response: Understanding CS-MARS</i>, Dale Tesch/Greg Abelar, Cisco Press, Sep. 26, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1587052601" title="Special:BookSources/1587052601">1587052601</a></li> <li><i>Securing Your Business with Cisco ASA and PIX Firewalls</i>, Greg Abelar, Cisco Press, May 27, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1587052148" title="Special:BookSources/1587052148">1587052148</a></li> <li><i>Deploying Zone-Based Firewalls</i>, Ivan Pepelnjak, Cisco Press, Oct. 5, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1587053101" title="Special:BookSources/1587053101">1587053101</a></li> <li><i>Network Security: PRIVATE Communication in a PUBLIC World</i>, Charlie Kaufman | Radia Perlman | Mike Speciner, Prentice-Hall, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780137155880" title="Special:BookSources/9780137155880">9780137155880</a></li> <li><i>Network Infrastructure Security</i>, Angus Wong and Alan Yeung, Springer, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-0165-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-0165-1">978-1-4419-0165-1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic warfare">Electromagnetic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Mobile security</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Network security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CIAJMK1209-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="vectorial version"><img alt="vectorial version" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CIAJMK1209-en.svg/150px-CIAJMK1209-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CIAJMK1209-en.svg/225px-CIAJMK1209-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CIAJMK1209-en.svg/300px-CIAJMK1209-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>vectorial version</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Threat_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threat (computer)">Threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adware" title="Adware">Adware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced persistent threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution" title="Arbitrary code execution">Arbitrary code execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">Backdoors</a></li> <li>Bombs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fork_bomb" title="Fork bomb">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_bomb" title="Logic bomb">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_bomb_(software)" title="Time bomb (software)">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zip_bomb" title="Zip bomb">Zip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_backdoor" title="Hardware backdoor">Hardware backdoors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_injection" title="Code injection">Code injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_leaks" title="Cross-site leaks">Cross-site leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOM_clobbering" title="DOM clobbering">DOM clobbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_sniffing" title="History sniffing">History sniffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptojacking" title="Cryptojacking">Cryptojacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">Botnets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_breach" title="Data breach">Data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive-by_download" title="Drive-by download">Drive-by download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">Viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_scraping" title="Data scraping">Data scraping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">Denial-of-service attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">Eavesdropping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_fraud" title="Email fraud">Email fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_spoofing" title="Email spoofing">Email spoofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">Exploits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialer#Fraudulent_dialer" title="Dialer">Fraudulent dialers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insecure_direct_object_reference" title="Insecure direct object reference">Insecure direct object reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystroke_logging" title="Keystroke logging">Keystroke loggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payload_(computing)" title="Payload (computing)">Payload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_phishing" title="Voice phishing">Voice</a></li></ul></li> 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href="/wiki/Remote_access_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote access trojan">Remote access trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">Vulnerability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_shell" title="Web shell">Web shells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiper_(malware)" title="Wiper (malware)">Wiper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_injection" title="SQL injection">SQL injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_security_software" title="Rogue security software">Rogue security software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_(computing)" title="Zombie (computing)">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_security" title="Application 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