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Secure website certificate | Firefox Help
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"link_name": "main-menu.aaq-step-2", "link_detail": "monitor" }"> Monitor </a></li> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/questions/new/mozilla-account?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{ "link_name": "main-menu.aaq-step-2", "link_detail": "mozilla-account" }"> Mozilla Account </a></li> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/questions/new/mobile?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{ "link_name": "main-menu.aaq-step-2", "link_detail": "mobile" }"> Firefox for Android </a></li> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/questions/new/firefox-private-network-vpn?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{ "link_name": "main-menu.aaq-step-2", "link_detail": "firefox-private-network-vpn" }"> Mozilla VPN </a></li> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/questions/new/pocket?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{ "link_name": "main-menu.aaq-step-2", "link_detail": "pocket" }"> Pocket </a></li> <li><a class="color-link" href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/questions/new?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{ "link_name": "main-menu.aaq-step-1", "link_detail": "view-all" }"> View all </a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> <li class="mzp-c-menu-category"><a class="mzp-c-menu-title sumo-nav--link" href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/contribute?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{"link_name": "main-menu.contribute.contribute-home"}"> Contribute </a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mzp-c-navigation-items sumo-nav--list-wrap-right logged-out" 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This block is overriden in home.html and product.html, and can likely be removed when frontend search is replaced. --> <div class="home-search-section sumo-page-section--lg shade-bg hidden-search-masthead"> <div class="mzp-l-content narrow"> <div class="home-search-section--content"> <h4 class="sumo-page-heading-xl">Search Support</h4> <form data-instant-search="form" id="hidden-search" action="/en-US/search/" method="get" class="simple-search-form"><input type="hidden" name="product" value="firefox"> <input spellcheck="true" type="search" autocomplete="off" name="q" aria-required="true" placeholder="Search questions, articles, or topics (example: saving passwords in Firefox)" class="searchbox" id="search-q"> <button type="submit" title="Search" class="search-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mzp-l-content " id="main-content"> <div class="sumo-page-section--inner"> <div class="breadcrumbs" id="main-breadcrumbs"> <ol id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs--list"> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/products/firefox?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/products/firefox/privacy-and-security?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Privacy and security</a></li> <li>Secure website certificate</li> </ol> </div> <div class="sumo-l-two-col "> <aside id="aside" class="sumo-l-two-col--sidebar"> <div class="search-form-sidebar large-only"> <form data-instant-search="form" id="support-search-sidebar" action="/en-US/search/" method="get" class="simple-search-form"><input type="hidden" name="product" value="firefox"> <input spellcheck="true" type="search" autocomplete="off" name="q" aria-required="true" placeholder="Search questions, articles, or topics (example: saving passwords in Firefox)" class="searchbox" id="search-q"> <button type="submit" title="Search" class="search-button">Search</button> </form> </div> <div class="aaq-widget card is-inverse elevation-01 text-center radius-md"> <h2 class="card--title has-bottom-margin"> <svg class="card--icon-sm" width="24px" height="24px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <g transform="translate(2.000000, 1.878680)" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="2"> <path d="M9,1.12132031 L2,1.12132031 C0.8954305,1.12132031 5.32907052e-15,2.01675081 5.32907052e-15,3.12132031 L5.32907052e-15,15.1213203 C5.32907052e-15,16.2258898 0.8954305,17.1213203 2,17.1213203 L11,17.1213203 L13,21.1213203 L15,17.1213203 L17,17.1213203 C18.1045695,17.1213203 19,16.2258898 19,15.1213203 L19,9.12132031" /> <path d="M15.5,0.621320312 C16.3284271,-0.207106783 17.6715729,-0.207106769 18.5,0.621320344 C19.3284271,1.44974746 19.3284271,2.79289318 18.5,3.62132031 L11,11.1213203 L7,12.1213203 L8,8.12132031 L15.5,0.621320312 Z" /> </g> </g> </svg> Ask a Question</h2> <p>Still need help? Continue to ask your question and get help.</p><a class="sumo-button primary-button feature-box" href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/get-community-support?exit_aaq=1&_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="link_click" data-event-parameters="{ "link_name": "aaq-widget.community-support.kb-article", "link_detail": "None" }"> Continue </a> </div> <nav id="doc-tools"> <ul class="sidebar-nav sidebar-folding"> <li id="editing-tools-sidebar"><span class="details-heading"></span> <ul class="sidebar-nav--list"> <li> <section class="showfor" id="showfor-panel"> <script type="application/json" class="showfor-data"> {"products": [{"title": "Firefox", "slug": "firefox", "platforms": ["win8", "win7", "winxp", "mac", "linux", "win10", "win11"], "visible": true}], "versions": {"firefox": [{"name": "Version 134", "slug": "fx134", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 134.0, "max_version": 135.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 133", "slug": "fx133", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 133.0, "max_version": 134.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 132", "slug": "fx132", "product": "firefox", "default": true, "min_version": 132.0, "max_version": 133.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 131", "slug": "fx131", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 131.0, "max_version": 132.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 130", "slug": "fx130", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 130.0, "max_version": 131.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 129", "slug": "fx129", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 129.0, "max_version": 130.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 128", "slug": "fx128", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 128.0, "max_version": 129.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 127", "slug": "fx127", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 127.0, "max_version": 128.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 126", "slug": "fx126", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 126.0, "max_version": 127.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 125", "slug": "fx125", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 125.0, "max_version": 126.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 124", "slug": "fx124", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 124.0, "max_version": 125.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 123", "slug": "fx123", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 123.0, "max_version": 124.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 122", "slug": "fx122", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 122.0, "max_version": 123.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 121", "slug": "fx121", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 121.0, "max_version": 122.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 120", "slug": "fx120", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 120.0, "max_version": 121.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 119", "slug": "fx119", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 119.0, "max_version": 120.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 118", "slug": "fx118", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 118.0, "max_version": 119.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 117", "slug": "fx117", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 117.0, "max_version": 118.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 116", "slug": "fx116", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 116.0, "max_version": 117.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 115", "slug": "fx115", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 115.0, "max_version": 116.0, "visible": true}, {"name": "Version 114", "slug": "fx114", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 114.0, "max_version": 115.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 113", "slug": "fx113", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 113.0, "max_version": 114.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 112", "slug": "fx112", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 112.0, "max_version": 113.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 111", "slug": "fx111", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 111.0, "max_version": 112.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 110", "slug": "fx110", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 110.0, "max_version": 111.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 109", "slug": "fx109", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 109.0, "max_version": 110.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 108", "slug": "fx108", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 108.0, "max_version": 109.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 107", "slug": "fx107", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 107.0, "max_version": 108.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 106", "slug": "fx106", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 106.0, "max_version": 107.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 105", "slug": "fx105", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 105.0, "max_version": 106.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 104", "slug": "fx104", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 104.0, "max_version": 105.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 103", "slug": "fx103", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 103.0, "max_version": 104.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 102", "slug": "fx102", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 102.0, "max_version": 103.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 101", "slug": "fx101", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 101.0, "max_version": 102.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 100", "slug": "fx100", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 100.0, "max_version": 101.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 99", "slug": "fx99", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 99.0, "max_version": 100.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 98", "slug": "fx98", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 98.0, "max_version": 99.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 97", "slug": "fx97", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 97.0, "max_version": 98.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 96", "slug": "fx96", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 96.0, "max_version": 97.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 95", "slug": "fx95", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 95.0, "max_version": 96.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 94", "slug": "fx94", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 94.0, "max_version": 95.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 93", "slug": "fx93", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 93.0, "max_version": 94.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 92", "slug": "fx92", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 92.0, "max_version": 93.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 91", "slug": "fx91", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 91.0, "max_version": 92.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 90", "slug": "fx90", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 90.0, "max_version": 91.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 89", "slug": "fx89", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 89.0, "max_version": 90.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 88", "slug": "fx88", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 88.0, "max_version": 89.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 87", "slug": "fx87", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 87.0, "max_version": 88.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 86", "slug": "fx86", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 86.0, "max_version": 87.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 85", "slug": "fx85", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 85.0, "max_version": 86.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 84", "slug": "fx84", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 84.0, "max_version": 85.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 83", "slug": "fx83", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 83.0, "max_version": 84.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 82", "slug": "fx82", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 82.0, "max_version": 83.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 81", "slug": "fx81", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 81.0, "max_version": 82.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 80", "slug": "fx80", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 80.0, "max_version": 81.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 79", "slug": "fx79", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 79.0, "max_version": 80.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 78", "slug": "fx78", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 78.0, "max_version": 79.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 77", "slug": "fx77", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 77.0, "max_version": 78.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 76", "slug": "fx76", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 76.0, "max_version": 77.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 75", "slug": "fx75", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 75.0, "max_version": 76.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 74", "slug": "fx74", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 74.0, "max_version": 75.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 73", "slug": "fx73", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 73.0, "max_version": 74.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 72", "slug": "fx72", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 72.0, "max_version": 73.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 71", "slug": "fx71", "product": "firefox", "default": false, "min_version": 71.0, "max_version": 72.0, "visible": false}, {"name": "Version 70", "slug": "fx70", "product": "firefox", 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mozilla.org/legal/privacy/firefox">Privacy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="sumo-page-heading">Secure website certificate</h1> </div> </header> <article class="wiki-doc"> <div id="document_metadata" class="has-border-bottom"><span class="product tooltip-container"> Firefox <span class="tooltip">Firefox</span> </span> <span class="last-updated"> <img class="pencil" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/pencil.e33c563f24c4f989.svg"> <strong>Last updated:</strong> <span class="time"> <time datetime="2024-01-28T02:27:07.324715-08:00">1/28/24</time> </span> </span> <span class="helpful-info"> <img class="thumbsup" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/thumbs-up.2cbd5d41625a84a7.svg"><span class="helpful-count">53%</span> of users voted this helpful </span> </div> <section id="doc-content" class="document--content "> <p><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/transport-layer-security-tls/">Transport Layer Security</a> (TLS) certificates verify the integrity of both the ownership and information of websites you visit. This article explains how it works.</p> <div id="toc"> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/secure-website-certificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#w_what-websites-use-certificates"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">What websites use certificates?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/secure-website-certificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#w_chain-of-trust"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Chain of trust</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/secure-website-certificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#w_how-does-firefox-verify-certificate-integrity"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">How does Firefox verify certificate integrity?</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/secure-website-certificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#w_viewing-a-certificate"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Viewing a certificate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/secure-website-certificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#w_certificate-content"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Certificate content</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/secure-website-certificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#w_problematic-certificates"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Problematic certificates</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h1 id="w_what-websites-use-certificates">What websites use certificates?</h1> <p>Websites whose addresses start with <strong>https</strong> use TLS Certificates. Websites using TLS certificates are secure only insofar as they verify two things:</p> <ul> <li>The website administrator owns the website name or knows who does.</li> <li>The website is encrypting the connection between your browser and itself to prevent eavesdropping.</li> </ul> <h1 id="w_chain-of-trust">Chain of trust</h1> <p>Browsers, such as Firefox, verify certificates through a hierarchy called a <strong>chain of trust</strong>. It defines a structure for browsers and other programs to verify certificate integrity. This diagram illustrates the chain of trust:</p> <dl> <dt> <img alt="chain-of-trust" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-12-03-29-2d7273.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl> <p>It's a list of three certificates:</p> <ul> <li>The root <strong>(trust anchor)</strong> certificate</li> <li>The intermediate certificate</li> <li>The server <strong>(end entity)</strong> certificate</li> </ul> <p>Let's define them: the root certificate belongs to the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority">Certificate Authority</a> (CA), which issues TLS certificates and the browser inherently trusts; the intermediate certificate acts as an intermediary between the root CA and the website; the server certificate belongs to the website administrator.</p> <p>These certificates contain the following information:</p> <ul> <li>Details about the Certificate Authority (CA)</li> <li>An asymmetric key pair: <ul> <li>A private key that cryptographically signs the next certificate in the chain; the server certificate has one for other tasks.</li> <li>A public key for decrypting the signature of the next certificate in the chain for identity verification; the server certificate uses it for other tasks.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>Now, we can describe how Firefox determines whether a website is secure.</p> <h2 id="w_how-does-firefox-verify-certificate-integrity">How does Firefox verify certificate integrity?</h2> <p>Here is how Firefox uses the chain of trust to verify TLS certificates:</p> <ol> <li>Firefox downloads the certificate of the website you visited.</li> <li>Firefox checks the certificate against its internal database of Certificate Authorities (CAs). <ul> <li>It uses the public key of the root CA certificate to ensure that the root certificate and intermediate certificate properly signed down the chain.</li> </ul></li> <li>Firefox checks with the CA to ensure that the website you're connected to match the website on the server certificate.</li> <li>Firefox generates a symmetric (single) key for encrypting HTTP traffic for the connection.</li> <li>Firefox encrypts the symmetric key with the public key of the server certificate.</li> <li>The private key, which is on the web server, decrypts the connection data.</li> </ol> <h1 id="w_viewing-a-certificate">Viewing a certificate</h1> <p>To view a certificate, follow these steps:</p> <ol> <li>Click on the pad lock icon. <dl> <dt><img alt="padlock-icon" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-11-55-15-255ef8.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl></li> <li>Click on <span class="button">Connection secure</span>. <dl> <dt><img alt="connection-secure" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-11-57-40-813209.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl></li> <li>Click on <span class="button">More Information</span>. <dl> <dt><img alt="more-information" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-12-00-17-4f3a73.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl></li> <li>In the pop-up window, click <span class="button">View Certificate</span>. <dl> <dt><img alt="view-certificate" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-12-02-16-7732f6.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl></li> </ol> <p>Firefox will now open the <em>about:certificate</em> page with the certificate for the website you're on:</p> <dl> <dt> <img alt="about-certificate-page" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-12-07-51-dedeae.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl> <p>The three tabs show, from left to right, the server certificate, the intermediate certificate and the root certificate.</p> <h1 id="w_certificate-content">Certificate content</h1> <p>TLS certificates contain the following information:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Subject</strong>: Contains the website name and optional attributes, such as information about the organization owning the certificate.</li> <li><strong>Issuer</strong>: Identifies the entity that issued the certificate.</li> <li><strong>Validity</strong>: Shows how long the certificate is valid for.</li> <li><strong>Subject Alt Name Extension</strong>: Lists the website addresses that the certificate is valid for.</li> <li><strong>Public Key Info</strong>: Lists attributes of the public key of the certificate.</li> <li><strong>Serial Number</strong>: Uniquely identifies the certificate.</li> <li><strong>Signature Algorithm</strong>: Algorithm used to create the Signature.</li> <li><strong>Fingerprints</strong>: Hash of the certificate file in <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/DER">DER</a> binary format.</li> <li><strong>Key-Usage</strong> and <strong>Extended Key Usage</strong>: Specify how people can use the certificate, such as for confirming ownership of a website (Web Server Authentication).</li> <li><strong>Subject Key ID</strong>: An identifier generated from the TLS certificate's public key as a way to identify the certificate.</li> <li><strong>Authority Key ID</strong>: An identifier generated from the TLS certificate's public key as a way to identify the public key corresponding to the private key used to sign the certificate.</li> <li><strong>CRL Endpoints</strong>: The locations of the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/certificate_revocation_list">Certificate Revocation List</a> (CRL) of the issuing CA.</li> <li><strong>Authority Info</strong>: Contains the validation method for the certificate authority and the intermediate certificate file.</li> <li><strong>Certificate Validation</strong>: Contains the certificate validation type and a link to the CA's <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/certification_practice_statement">Certification Practice Statement</a> (CPS).</li> <li><strong>Embedded SCTs</strong>: Lists the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.globalsign.com/en/blog/what-is-certificate-transparency">Signed Certificate Timestamps</a> (SCTs).</li> </ul> <h1 id="w_problematic-certificates">Problematic certificates</h1> <p>When you visit a website whose address starts with <strong>https</strong> and there is a problem with the TLS certificate, an error page will display. The <a href="https://support-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/kb/what-does-your-connection-is-not-secure-mean?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What do the security warning codes mean?</a> article describes common certificate errors.</p> <p>To view the problematic certificate, follow these steps:</p> <ol> <li>On the <strong>Your connection is not secure</strong> warning page, click <span class="button">Advanced…</span> <dl> <dt><img alt="bad-cert-advanced" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" data-original-src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/media/uploads/gallery/images/2021-09-30-11-50-28-37c345.png" src="https://assets-prod.sumo.prod.webservices.mozgcp.net/static/placeholder.688345f843bb37ed.gif" title=""> </dt> </dl></li> <li>Click on <em>View Certificate</em>. <dl> <dt><img alt="view-bad-certificate" class="wiki-image frameless lazy" 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