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id="toc-Pre-Columbian_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Columbian history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Spanish colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>European colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>United States control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests_and_departure_of_the_United_States_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests_and_departure_of_the_United_States_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Protests and departure of the United States Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests_and_departure_of_the_United_States_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurricane_Maria_and_rebuilding_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurricane_Maria_and_rebuilding_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Hurricane Maria and rebuilding efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurricane_Maria_and_rebuilding_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Barrios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Barrios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barrios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Special Communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bioluminescent_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bioluminescent_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bioluminescent Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bioluminescent_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landmarks_and_places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks_and_places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Landmarks and places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks_and_places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Festivals and events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Public health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vieques, Puerto Rico</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="فيكيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ویکوز، پورتو ریکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکوز، پورتو ریکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81" title="В’екес – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="В’екес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques_Municipality" title="Vieques Municipality – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vieques Municipality" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Βιέκες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιέκες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Vieques" title="Isla Vieques – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla Vieques" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ویکس، پورتوریکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکس، پورتوریکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90%EC%BC%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%84%AC" title="비에케스섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비에케스섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Խեցգետնի կղզի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խեցգետնի կղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8,_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="ভিয়েকুয়েস, পুয়ের্তো রিকো – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভিয়েকুয়েস, পুয়ের্তো রিকো" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Riko" title="Vieques, Puerto Riko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vieques, Puerto Riko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="וייקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D)" title="ვიეკესი (პუერტო-რიკო) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიეკესი (პუერტო-რიკო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Вьекес – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вьекес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Vieques (Puerto Rico) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vieques (Puerto Rico)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjekesas" title="Vjekesas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vjekesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B1%E3%82%B9%E5%B3%B6" title="ビエケス島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビエケス島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques_(wyspa)" title="Vieques (wyspa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vieques (wyspa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Вьекес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вьекес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vieques, Puerto Rico" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81_(%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE)" title="Вијекес (Порторико) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вијекес (Порторико)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vieques, Puerto Rico" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques" title="Vieques – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vieques" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%27%D1%94%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81_(%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE)" title="В'єкес (Пуерто-Рико) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="В'єкес (Пуерто-Рико)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%88_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ویئقیس، پورٹو ریکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویئقیس، پورٹو ریکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vieques, Puerto Rico" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vieques, Puerto Rico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="別克斯島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="別克斯島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q737624#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&params=18_07_N_65_25_W_region:US-PR_type:city(8249)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°25′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.117°N 65.417°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.117; -65.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques_Island&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieques Island">Vieques Island</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island-municipality of Puerto Rico</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island-Municipality in Puerto Rico, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Vieques</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="es"><small><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Municipio Autónomo de Vieques</i></span></small></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Isla de Vieques</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Island-<a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosquito Bioluminescent Bay in Vieques"><img alt="Mosquito Bioluminescent Bay in Vieques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg/250px-Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg/375px-Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg/500px-Vieques_Bio_Bay_NR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Mosquito Bioluminescent Bay in Vieques</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vieques"><img alt="Flag of Vieques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vieques_Flag.svg/100px-Vieques_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vieques_Flag.svg/150px-Vieques_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vieques_Flag.svg/200px-Vieques_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vieques"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vieques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Escudo_de_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.svg/71px-Escudo_de_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="71" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Escudo_de_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.svg/107px-Escudo_de_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Escudo_de_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.svg/143px-Escudo_de_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="407" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>"Isla Nena", "Isabel Segunda"</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Vieques Municipality"><img alt="Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Vieques Municipality" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg/300px-Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg/450px-Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg/600px-Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Vieques.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Vieques Municipality</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&params=18_07_N_65_25_W_region:US-PR_type:city(8249)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°25′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.117°N 65.417°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.117; -65.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(United_States_insular_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth (United States insular area)">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Indigenous settlement</th><td class="infobox-data">3000 – 2000 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spanish settlement</th><td class="infobox-data">1811</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_barrio-pueblo" title="Isabel II barrio-pueblo">Isabel II</a> founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1843 – 1852</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipality founded</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1875</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Jos%C3%A9_Jaime_Mar%C3%ADa_Le_Guillou" title="Teófilo José Jaime María Le Guillou">Teófilo José Jaime María Le Guillou</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Barrios of Puerto Rico">Barrios</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>8 barrios</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_barrio-pueblo" title="Isabel II barrio-pueblo">Isabel II barrio-pueblo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Florida,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Florida, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Florida</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Llave" title="Llave">Llave</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mosquito,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Mosquito, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Mosquito</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Diablo" title="Puerto Diablo">Puerto Diablo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ferro" title="Puerto Ferro">Puerto Ferro</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Real,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Real, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Puerto Real</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Punta Arenas, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Punta Arenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">José (Junito) Corcino Acevedo (<a href="/wiki/New_Progressive_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico">PNP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Senatorial District</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Senatorial_district_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico Senatorial district VIII">8 – Carolina</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Representative District</th><td class="infobox-data">36</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">135 km<sup>2</sup> (52 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,249</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">76th</a> in Puerto Rico</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">61/km<sup>2</sup> (160/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Viequense</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Racial_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial group">Racial groups</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2000_Decennial_Profiles_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000_Decennial_Profiles-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black</a></th><td class="infobox-data">38.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">AN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a><br />- <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.6%<br />0.8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Other<br />Two or more races</th><td class="infobox-data">8.8%<br />3.4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Standard Time">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">00765</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Telephone numbers in Puerto Rico">787/939</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Puerto_Rico" title="List of highways in Puerto Rico">Major routes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Highway_200" title="Puerto Rico Highway 200"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ellipse_sign_200.svg/31px-Ellipse_sign_200.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ellipse_sign_200.svg/47px-Ellipse_sign_200.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ellipse_sign_200.svg/62px-Ellipse_sign_200.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="192" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Highway_201" title="Puerto Rico Highway 201"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ellipse_sign_201.svg/31px-Ellipse_sign_201.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ellipse_sign_201.svg/47px-Ellipse_sign_201.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ellipse_sign_201.svg/62px-Ellipse_sign_201.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vieques</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/57\/En-us-Vieques_from_Puerto_Rico_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg\/En-us-Vieques_from_Puerto_Rico_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Vieques from Puerto Rico pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-Vieques_from_Puerto_Rico_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg/En-us-Vieques_from_Puerto_Rico_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Vieques_from_Puerto_Rico_pronunciation_(Voice_of_America).ogg" title="File:En-us-Vieques from Puerto Rico pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈbjekes]</a></span>), officially <b>Isla de Vieques</b>, is an island, <a href="/wiki/Culebra_barrio-pueblo" title="Culebra barrio-pueblo">town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">municipality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, and together with <a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a>, it is geographically part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Virgin_Islands" title="Spanish Virgin Islands">Spanish Virgin Islands</a>. Vieques lies about 8 miles (13 km) east of the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Geography of Puerto Rico">mainland of Puerto Rico</a>, measuring about 20 miles (32 km) long and 4.5 miles (7 km) wide. Its most populated <a href="/wiki/Barrio" title="Barrio">barrio</a> is the town of <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Segunda,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel Segunda, Puerto Rico">Isabel Segunda</a> (or "Isabel the Second", sometimes written "Isabel II"), the administrative center located on the northern side of the island. The population of Vieques was 8,249 at the 2020 Census. </p><p>The island's name is a Spanish spelling of a <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language" title="Taíno language">Taíno</a> word said to mean "small island" or "small land". It also has the nickname <i>Isla Nena</i>, usually translated as "girl island" or "little girl island", alluding to its perception as Puerto Rico's little sister. The island was given this name by the Puerto Rican poet <a href="/wiki/Luis_Llorens_Torres" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Llorens Torres">Luís Lloréns Torres</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British colonial</a> period, its name was <b>Crab Island</b>. </p><p>Vieques is best known internationally as the site of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_in_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico">series of protests</a>, held against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s use of the island as a <a href="/wiki/Bombing_range" title="Bombing range">bombing range</a> and testing-ground, leading to the Navy's departure in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the former navy lands are a <a href="/wiki/Vieques_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Vieques National Wildlife Refuge">national wildlife refuge</a>; some of it is open to the public, but much remains closed off due to biological or chemical contamination or <a href="/wiki/Unexploded_ordnance" title="Unexploded ordnance">unexploded ordnance</a> that the military is, slowly, cleaning up.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the most beautiful beaches on the island are on the eastern end (former site of the Marine Base) that the Navy named Red Beach, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Beach_(Vieques)" title="Blue Beach (Vieques)">Blue Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caracas_Beach_(Vieques)" title="Caracas Beach (Vieques)">Caracas Beach</a>, Pata Prieta Beach, La Chiva Beach, and Plata Beach. At the far western tip (formerly the Navy Base) is <a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Punta Arenas, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Punta Arenas</a>, which the Navy named 'Green Beach'. The beaches are commonly listed among the top in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> for their azure waters and white sands.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian_history">Pre-Columbian history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence suggests that Vieques was first inhabited by ancient Indigenous peoples of the Americas who traveled mostly from South America perhaps between 3000 BCE and 2000 BCE. Estimates of these prehistoric dates of inhabitation vary widely. These tribes had a <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> culture and were probably fishermen and <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a>. </p><p>Excavations at the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ferro" title="Puerto Ferro">Puerto Ferro</a> site by Luis Chanlatte and Yvonne Narganes<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uncovered a fragmented human skeleton in a large hearth area. Radiocarbon dating of shells found in the hearth indicate a burial date of c. 1900 BCE. This skeleton, popularly known as <i>El Hombre de Puerto Ferro</i>, was buried at the center of a group of large boulders near Vieques's south-central coast, approximately one kilometer northwest of the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Mosquito" title="Puerto Mosquito">Bioluminescent Bay</a>. Linear arrays of smaller stones radiating from the central boulders are apparent at the site today, but their age and reason for placement are unknown. </p><p>Further waves of settlement by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a> followed over many centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawak</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Saladoid" title="Saladoid">Saladoid</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Igneri" title="Igneri">Igneri</a>) people, thought to have originated in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, arrived in the region perhaps around 200 BC (estimates vary). These tribes, noted for their pottery, stone carving, and other artifacts, eventually merged with groups from <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> to form what is now called the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno</a> culture. This culture flourished in the region from around 1000 AD until the arrival of <a href="/wiki/European_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="European ethnic groups">Europeans</a> in the late 15th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_colonial_period">Spanish colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spanish colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European discovery of Vieques is sometimes credited to <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, who landed in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> in 1493. It does not seem to be certain whether Columbus personally visited Vieques, but in any case the island was soon claimed by the Spanish. During the early 16th century Vieques became a center of Taíno rebellion against the European invaders, prompting the Spanish to send armed forces to the island to quell the resistance. The native Taíno population was decimated, and its people either killed, imprisoned or enslaved by the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Historic_Resources_UFDC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historic_Resources_UFDC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish did not, however, permanently colonize Vieques at this time, and for the next 300 years it remained a lawless outpost, frequented by <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">pirates</a> and outlaws. As European powers fought for control in the region, a series of attempts by the <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish</a> to colonize the island in the 17th and 18th centuries were repulsed by the Spanish. </p><p>At the beginning of the 19th century, the Spanish took steps to permanently settle and secure the island. In 1811, Don Salvador Meléndez, then governor of Puerto Rico, sent military commander Juan Rosselló to begin what would become the annexation of Vieques by the Puerto Ricans.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1832, under an agreement with the Spanish Puerto Rican administration, Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Jos%C3%A9_Jaime_Mar%C3%ADa_Le_Guillou" title="Teófilo José Jaime María Le Guillou">Teófilo José Jaime María Le Guillou</a> became Governor of Vieques, and undertook to impose order on the anarchic province. He was instrumental in the establishment of large plantations, marking a period of social and economic change. Le Guillou is now remembered as the <i>founder of Vieques</i> (though this title is also sometimes conferred on Francisco Saínz, governor from 1843 to 1852, who founded <a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_barrio-pueblo" title="Isabel II barrio-pueblo">Isabel Segunda</a>, the main town in Vieques, named after <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Queen Isabel II</a> of Spain). Vieques was formally annexed to Puerto Rico in 1854. </p><p>In 1816, Vieques was briefly visited by <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> when his ship ran aground there while fleeing defeat in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the second part of the 19th century, thousands of slaves of African descent were brought to Vieques to work the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">sugarcane plantations</a>. They arrived from mainland Puerto Rico and nearby islands of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">St. Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a>, and many other Caribbean islands. Slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_colonial_period">European colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island also received considerable attention as a possible colony from <a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scotland</a>, and after numerous attempts to buy the island proved unsuccessful, the Scottish fleet, en route to <a href="/wiki/Darien_scheme" title="Darien scheme">Darien</a> in 1698, made landfall and took possession of the island in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Company_of_Scotland" title="Company of Scotland">Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and The Indies</a>. Scottish sovereignty of the island proved short-lived, as a Danish ship arrived shortly afterward and claimed the island. From 1689 to 1693, the island was controlled by <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> as <b>Krabbeninsel</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>crab island</i>), where the English name Crab Island came from. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_control">United States control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques,_PR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vieques%2C_PR.jpg/220px-Vieques%2C_PR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vieques%2C_PR.jpg/330px-Vieques%2C_PR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vieques%2C_PR.jpg/440px-Vieques%2C_PR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Municipio de Vieques plaque</figcaption></figure> <p>Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Paris of 1898">Treaty of Paris of 1898</a> and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States conducted its first census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Vieques was 6,642 (but this included 704 residents from a nearby island, <a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-OfficeSanger1900_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfficeSanger1900-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s and 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">sugar industry</a>, on which Vieques was dependent, went into decline due to falling prices and industrial unrest. Many locals were forced to move to mainland Puerto Rico or <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> to look for work. </p><p>In 1941, while Europe was in the midst of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> purchased or seized almost eighty percent<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Vieques as an extension to the <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Roads_Naval_Station" title="Roosevelt Roads Naval Station">Roosevelt Roads Naval Station</a> nearby on the Puerto Rican mainland. It is said that the original purpose of the base (never implemented) was to provide a safe haven for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British fleet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> should Great Britain fall to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assertion does not match U.S. Navy documents and the obvious fact that Canada's <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Harbour" title="Halifax Harbour">Halifax harbor</a> would have been a more likely fallback position for the British fleet, with British King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> already reigning as King of Canada. The base was however seen as the Atlantic's counterpart of <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> due to its strategic location. The Naval Station at Roosevelt Roads was a perfect location to defend the strategic approaches to the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. </p><p>Much of the land was bought from the owners of large farms and sugar cane plantations, and the expropriations triggered the final demise of the sugar industry. Without consulting the local population who had lived and worked there for centuries and protested the expropriations,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the decision to turn it into a bombing range was made in Washington. In a similar way as the <a href="/wiki/Chagossians" title="Chagossians">former population</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Islands</a>, who were displaced to make way for an Air Force Base in the Indian Ocean in the 1960s, many agricultural workers, who had no formal title to the land they occupied, were evicted and forced to migrate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For over sixty years, the US military used the island (with a population of over 9000 inhabitants in 1950<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) as a live munitions target practice. According to internal Navy documents, bombardments occurred on 180 days out of a year on average. The US military used the highest possible contaminant <a href="/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium">depleted uranium</a> (DU) munitions since 1972 on the populated (and full of exotic wildlife) island, at a rate of over 80 live bombs daily for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The health consequences are felt to this day as the cancer rates are ostensibly higher for the population of Vieques, especially children, than for those on the main island.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, the US Navy continued to use the island for military exercises, and as a firing range and testing ground for <a href="/wiki/Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions">munitions</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests_and_departure_of_the_United_States_Navy">Protests and departure of the United States Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protests and departure of the United States Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_in_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico">United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radar_in_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Radar_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/220px-Radar_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Radar_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/330px-Radar_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Radar_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/440px-Radar_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Radar in Vieques, Puerto Rico</figcaption></figure> <p>The continuing postwar presence in Vieques of the United States Navy drew protests from the local community, angry at the expropriation of their land and the environmental impact of weapons testing. The locals' discontent was exacerbated by the island's perilous economic condition. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/220px-Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/330px-Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/440px-Fuera_la_Marina_de_Vieques_Ya%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Fuera la Marina de Vieques Ya</i></span> (translation: Navy out of Vieques now) sign on structure</figcaption></figure> <p>Protests came to a head in 1999 when Vieques native <a href="/wiki/David_Sanes" class="mw-redirect" title="David Sanes">David Sanes</a>, a civilian employee of the United States Navy, was killed by a jet bomb that the Navy said misfired. Sanes had been working as a security guard. A popular campaign of <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> resurged; not since the mid-1970s had <i>Viequenses</i> come together <i>en masse</i> to protest the target practices.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locals took to the ocean in their small fishing boats and successfully stopped the US Navy's military exercises for a short period, until the US Navy and two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">US Coast Guard</a> cutters began controlling access to the island and escorting boaters away from Vieques. </p><p>On April 27, 2001, the Navy resumed operations and protesting resumed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point over 600 protesters had already been detained.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vieques issue became something of a <i><a href="/wiki/Cause_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre" title="Cause célèbre">cause célèbre</a></i>, and local protesters were joined by sympathetic groups and prominent individuals from the mainland United States and abroad, including political leaders <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Berr%C3%ADos" title="Rubén Berríos">Rubén Berríos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rev._Jesse_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Rev. Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>, singers <a href="/wiki/Danny_Rivera" title="Danny Rivera">Danny Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Col%C3%B3n" title="Willie Colón">Willie Colón</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin" title="Ricky Martin">Ricky Martin</a>, actors <a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Olmos" title="Edward James Olmos">Edward James Olmos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Smits" title="Jimmy Smits">Jimmy Smits</a>, boxer <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Trinidad" title="Félix Trinidad">Félix 'Tito' Trinidad</a>, baseball superstar <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Delgado" title="Carlos Delgado">Carlos Delgado</a>, writers <a href="/wiki/Ana_Lydia_Vega" title="Ana Lydia Vega">Ana Lydia Vega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giannina_Braschi" title="Giannina Braschi">Giannina Braschi</a>, and Guatemala's Nobel Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a>. Kennedy's son, Aidan Caohman "Vieques" Kennedy,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born while his father served jail time in Puerto Rico for his role in the protests. The problems arising from the US Navy base have also featured in songs by various musicians, including Puerto Rican rock band <a href="/wiki/Puya_(band)" title="Puya (band)">Puya</a>, rapper <a href="/wiki/Immortal_Technique" title="Immortal Technique">Immortal Technique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">reggaeton</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Tego_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Tego Calderón">Tego Calderón</a>. In popular culture, one <a href="/wiki/Subplot" title="Subplot">subplot</a> of "<a href="/wiki/The_Two_Bartlets" class="mw-redirect" title="The Two Bartlets">The Two Bartlets</a>" episode of <a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a> dealt with a protest on the bombing range led by a friend of <a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Lyman" title="Josh Lyman">Josh Lyman</a>; the character was modeled on future West Wing star <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Smits" title="Jimmy Smits">Jimmy Smits</a>, a native of Puerto Rico who was repeatedly arrested for leading protests there. </p><p>As a result of this pressure, in May 2003 the Navy withdrew from Vieques, and much of the island was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge</a> under the control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was also placed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Priorities_List" title="National Priorities List">National Priorities List</a> (NPL), the list of hazardous waste sites in the United States eligible for long-term remedial action (cleanup) financed by the federal Superfund program. Closure of <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Roads_Naval_Station" title="Roosevelt Roads Naval Station">Roosevelt Roads Naval Station</a> followed in 2004, and prior to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a> the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station was reopened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurricane_Maria_and_rebuilding_efforts">Hurricane Maria and rebuilding efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hurricane Maria and rebuilding efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangroves_in_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mangroves_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg/220px-Mangroves_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mangroves_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg/330px-Mangroves_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mangroves_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg/440px-Mangroves_in_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico_after_Hurricane_Maria_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Mangroves in Vieques, where electrical power lines were destroyed by Hurricane Maria in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Puerto Rico was struck by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a> on September 20, 2017, and the storm caused widespread devastation and a near-total shutdown of the island's tourism-based economy. The largest hotel on the island, <i>The W,</i> has not reopened since the storm, but most smaller hotels, bed and breakfasts, and Airbnb operators have resumed operations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of December 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Susana_Centeno_Hospital" title="Susana Centeno Hospital">Susana Centeno Hospital</a> in Vieques had not been repaired and remained shuttered. Expectant mothers had to travel to the main island of Puerto Rico to give birth. People needing dialysis had to travel to the main island. In November 2018, a mobile dialysis machine was delivered to a temporary clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 21, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA) approved $39.5 million to help rebuild its only hospital after damage caused by Hurricane Maria. FEMA approved the funding after the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> agreed to provide money to rebuild the Susan Centeno community health center based on its "replacement value."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family of Jaideliz Moreno Ventura, 13, whose 2020 death was blamed on the lack of a functioning hospital and lifesaving medical equipment in Vieques, is suing the government for violation of human and civil rights. Funds for rebuilding the hospital were approved two weeks after Jaideliz's death.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pierluisi" title="Pedro Pierluisi">Governor Pedro Pierluisi</a> expected construction to begin on the hospital rebuild in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was delayed until 2023 with the holdup blamed on both construction complications on the island and further bureaucratic proceduress by <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">FEMA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2024, construction was not yet complete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda,_Vieques_PR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda%2C_Vieques_PR.jpg/200px-Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda%2C_Vieques_PR.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda%2C_Vieques_PR.jpg/300px-Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda%2C_Vieques_PR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda%2C_Vieques_PR.jpg/400px-Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_Isabel_Segunda%2C_Vieques_PR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_Alcald%C3%ADa_de_Vieques" title="Casa Alcaldía de Vieques">Casa Alcaldía</a> (City Hall), Isabel Segunda</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Government of Puerto Rico">Government of Puerto Rico</a></div> <p>Vieques is a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">municipio of Puerto Rico</a>, translated as "municipality" and in this context roughly equivalent to "township". It is in the Puerto Rican electoral district of Carolina. Local government is under the leadership of a mayor, presently Junito Corcino. </p><p>Vieques belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Senatorial_district_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico Senatorial district VIII">Puerto Rico Senatorial district VIII</a>, which is represented by two Senators. In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_A._Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Pedro A. Rodríguez">Pedro A. Rodríguez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Daniel_Rivera" title="Luis Daniel Rivera">Luis Daniel Rivera</a> were elected as District Senators.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barrios">Barrios</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Barrios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_Barrios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vieques_Barrios.jpg/500px-Vieques_Barrios.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vieques_Barrios.jpg/750px-Vieques_Barrios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vieques_Barrios.jpg/1000px-Vieques_Barrios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14096" data-file-height="5376" /></a><figcaption>Topographic Map of Vieques, 1951<br />with <i><a href="/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Barrios of Puerto Rico">barrios</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Vieques is divided into eight <a href="/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Barrios of Puerto Rico">barrios</a>, including the downtown barrio called Isabel Segunda.<sup id="cite_ref-Law2015_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law2015-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US2010Census_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2010Census-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style 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td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultright col5right"> <caption>Population and Area Statistics of Vieques Barrios </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><i>Barrio</i> </th> <th scope="col"><span class="nowrap">Area (m<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </th> <th scope="col">Population<br /><span class="nowrap"><small>(census 2000)</small></span> </th> <th scope="col">Density </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cays_and_islets_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cays and islets of Puerto Rico">Cays and islets</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_barrio-pueblo" title="Isabel II barrio-pueblo">Isabel II barrio-pueblo</a> </th> <td>696997</td> <td>1459</td> <td>2093.3</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Florida,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Florida, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Florida</a> </th> <td>11553856</td> <td>4126</td> <td>357.1</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Llave" title="Llave">Llave</a> </th> <td>15420815</td> <td>8</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mosquito,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Mosquito, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Mosquito</a> </th> <td>6279364</td> <td>0</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Diablo" title="Puerto Diablo">Puerto Diablo</a> </th> <td>45323702</td> <td>984</td> <td>21.7</td> <td>Roca Cucaracha, Isla Yallis, Roca Alcatraz, Cayo Conejo, Cayo Jalovita, Cayo Jalova </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ferro" title="Puerto Ferro">Puerto Ferro</a> </th> <td>21199791</td> <td>856</td> <td>40.4</td> <td>Isla Chiva, Cayo Chiva </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Real,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Real, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Puerto Real</a> </th> <td>19943599</td> <td>1673</td> <td>83.9</td> <td>Cayo de Tierra, Cayo de Afuera (Cayo Real) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Punta Arenas, Vieques, Puerto Rico">Punta Arenas</a> </th> <td>11227244</td> <td>0</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EAECF0; font-weight:bold;" class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row" style="background:#EAECF0; font-weight:bold;">Vieques </th> <td>131645368</td> <td>9106</td> <td>69.2</td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectors">Sectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barrios_and_sectors_of_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="List of barrios and sectors of Vieques, Puerto Rico">List of barrios and sectors of Vieques, Puerto Rico</a></div> <p>Barrios (which are like <a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor civil divisions">minor civil divisions</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Barrio-Pueblo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrio-Pueblo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are further subdivided into smaller areas called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">sectores</i></span> (<i>sectors</i> in English). The types of <i>sectores</i> may vary, from normally <i>sector</i> to <i>urbanización</i> to <i>reparto</i> to <i>barriada</i> to <i>residencial</i>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Law_1-2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law_1-2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Communities">Special Communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Special Communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Office_for_Socioeconomic_and_Community_Development" title="Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development">Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development</a></div> <p><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico</i></span> (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">social exclusion</a>. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Vieques: Sector Gobeo in Barrio Florida, Bravos de Boston, Jagüeyes, Monte Carmelo, Pozo Prieto (Monte Santo) and Villa Borinquén.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg/300px-Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg/450px-Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg/600px-Sub-tropical_dry_forest_vieques.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sub-tropical dry forest on Vieques</figcaption></figure> <p>Vieques measures about 21 miles (34 km) east-west, and three to four miles (6.4 km) north-south. It has a land area of 52 square miles (130 km<sup>2</sup>) and is located about ten miles (16 km) to the east of Puerto Rico. To the north of Vieques is the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean</a>. The island of <a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a> is about 10 miles (16 km) north of Vieques, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> lie to the east. Vieques and Culebra, together with various small islets, make up the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Virgin_Islands" title="Spanish Virgin Islands">Spanish Virgin Islands</a>, sometimes known as the Passage Islands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-PR_Ency_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR_Ency-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The former US Navy lands, now wildlife reserves, occupy the entire eastern and western ends of Vieques, with the former live weapons testing site (known as the "LIA", or "Live Impact Area") at the extreme eastern tip.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These areas are unpopulated. The former civilian area occupies very roughly the central third of the island and contains the towns of <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Segunda,_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel Segunda, Puerto Rico">Isabel Segunda</a> on the north coast, and <a href="/wiki/Esperanza,_Puerto_Rico" title="Esperanza, Puerto Rico">Esperanza</a> on the south. </p><p>Vieques has a terrain of rolling hills, with a central ridge running east–west. The highest point is <a href="/wiki/Monte_Pirata_(Vieques)" title="Monte Pirata (Vieques)">Monte Pirata</a> at 987 feet (301 m). Geologically the island is composed of a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">volcanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rocks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial deposits</a> of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. There are no permanent rivers or streams. Much former agricultural land has been reclaimed by nature due to prolonged disuse, and, apart from some small-scale farming in the central region, the island is largely covered by brush and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_dry_forests" title="Puerto Rican dry forests">subtropical dry forest</a>. Around the coast lie palm-fringed sandy beaches interspersed with lagoons, <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove swamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">salt flats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A series of nearshore islets and rocks are part of the municipality of Vieques, clockwise starting at the northernmost: </p> <ul><li>Roca Cucaracha (a rock of less than five meters in diameter)</li> <li>Isla Yallis</li> <li>Roca Alcatraz</li> <li>Cayo Conejo</li> <li>Cayo Jalovita</li> <li>Cayo Jalova</li> <li>Isla Chiva</li> <li>Cayo Chiva</li> <li>Cayo de Tierra</li> <li>Cayo de Afuera (Cayo Real)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioluminescent_Bay">Bioluminescent Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bioluminescent Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosquito_bay,_Bioluminescent_bay,_Vieques_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mosquito_bay%2C_Bioluminescent_bay%2C_Vieques_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/220px-Mosquito_bay%2C_Bioluminescent_bay%2C_Vieques_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mosquito_bay%2C_Bioluminescent_bay%2C_Vieques_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/330px-Mosquito_bay%2C_Bioluminescent_bay%2C_Vieques_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Mosquito_bay%2C_Bioluminescent_bay%2C_Vieques_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/440px-Mosquito_bay%2C_Bioluminescent_bay%2C_Vieques_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4790" data-file-height="3173" /></a><figcaption>Bioluminescent Bay at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/220px-seek%3D55-Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="78" data-mwtitle="Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm/Kayaking_in_the_Bioluminescent_Bay_Vieques.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Kayaking in <a href="#Bioluminescent_Bay">the Bioluminescent Bay</a>, Vieques, Puerto Rico</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Mosquito" title="Puerto Mosquito">Puerto Mosquito</a></div> <p>The Vieques <a href="/wiki/Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">Bioluminescent</a> Bay (also known as <i>Puerto Mosquito</i>, <i>Mosquito Bay</i>, or <i>"The Bio Bay"</i>), was declared the "Brightest bioluminescent bay" in the world by <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is listed as a <a href="/wiki/National_natural_landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="National natural landmark">national natural landmark</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_Puerto_Rico" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in Puerto Rico">five in Puerto Rico</a>. The luminescence in the bay is caused by a <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">dinoflagellate</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrodinium_bahamense" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrodinium bahamense">Pyrodinium bahamense</a></i>, which glows whenever the water is disturbed, leaving a trail of neon blue. </p><p>A combination of factors creates the necessary conditions for bioluminescence: <a href="/wiki/Rhizophora_mangle" title="Rhizophora mangle">red mangrove</a> trees surround the water (the organisms have been related to mangrove forests<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although mangrove is not necessarily associated with this species<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); a complete lack of modern development around the bay; the water is warm enough and deep enough; and a small channel to the ocean keeps the <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">dinoflagellates</a> in the bay. This small channel was created artificially, the result of attempts by the occupants of Spanish ships to choke off the bay from the ocean. The Spanish believed that the bioluminescence they encountered there while first exploring the area was the work of the <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">devil</a> and tried to block ocean water from entering the bay by dropping huge boulders in the channel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Spanish only succeeded in preserving and increasing the luminescence in the now isolated bay. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">Kayaking</a> is permitted in the bay and may be arranged through local vendors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vieques has a warm, relatively dry, tropical climate. Temperatures vary little throughout the year, with average daily maxima ranging from 84.7 °F (29.3 °C) in January to 89.9 °F (32.2 °C) in September. Average daily minima are about 18 °F or 6 °C lower. Rainfall averages around 40 to 45 inches (1,000 to 1,100 millimetres) per year, with the month of September being the wettest. The west of the island receives significantly more rainfall than the east. Prevailing winds are easterly. </p><p>Vieques is prone to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storms</a> and at risk from <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricanes</a> from June to November. In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hurricane Hugo</a> caused considerable damage to the island,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2017, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a> also caused major damage.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (1955–1976 normals, extremes 1955–1976) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.7<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.2<br />(29.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5<br />(30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.4<br />(31.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.7<br />(32.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.3<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.9<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87.8<br />(31.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.9<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.6<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6<br />(22.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.5<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.9<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.5<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69.5<br />(20.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52<br />(11) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.74<br />(70) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.29<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.31<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.30<br />(58) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.40<br />(112) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.22<br />(82) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.16<br />(80) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.02<br />(128) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.25<br />(133) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.00<br />(127) </td> <td style="background: #3CFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.98<br />(126) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.39<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.06<br />(1,068) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Western Regional Climate Center<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>5,938</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>10,425</td><td></td><td>75.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>11,651</td><td></td><td>11.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>10,582</td><td></td><td>−9.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>10,362</td><td></td><td>−2.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>9,228</td><td></td><td>−10.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>7,210</td><td></td><td>−21.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>7,767</td><td></td><td>7.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>7,662</td><td></td><td>−1.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>8,602</td><td></td><td>12.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>9,106</td><td></td><td>5.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>9,301</td><td></td><td>2.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>8,249</td><td></td><td>−11.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1899 (shown as 1900)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1910–1930<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1930–1950<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1960–2000<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010<sup id="cite_ref-US2010Census_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2010Census-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2020 Census, Vieques is the third-least populous municipality (after <a href="/wiki/Maricao" class="mw-redirect" title="Maricao">Maricao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a>) with a population of 8,249.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>8.0% of the population is of non-Hispanic origin, making it the second-least Hispanic municipality in Puerto Rico after <a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a>. This represents an increase from 2010, when only 5.7% of the population was non-Hispanic.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2010 US census,<sup id="cite_ref-census_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showed the total population of Vieques was 9,301. 94.3% of the population are <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race). Natives of Vieques are known as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Viequenses</i></span>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Self-defined race 2010<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnicity_2010_census_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnicity_2010_census-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Race </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% of population </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/White_Puerto_Ricans" title="White Puerto Ricans">White</a></b></td> <td>5,456</td> <td>48.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Afro-Puerto_Rican" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Puerto Rican">Black</a></b></td> <td>2,617</td> <td>38.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a></b></td> <td>62</td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a></b></td> <td>6</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a></b></td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Some other race</b></td> <td>688</td> <td>7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Two or more races</b></td> <td>309</td> <td>3.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Spanish" title="Puerto Rican Spanish">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a> are recognized as official languages. Spanish is the primary language of most inhabitants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">sugar industry</a>, once the mainstay of the island's economy, declined during the early 20th century, and finally collapsed in the 1940s when the US Navy took over much of the land on which the sugar cane plantations stood. After an initial naval construction phase, opportunities to make a living on the island were increased to include not only fishing or subsistence farming, but also Naval jobs. Crops grown on the island include <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a>, bananas, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a>, grains, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papayas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>. A number of permanent local jobs were provided by the US Navy, and their economy benefited. Starting in the 1970s <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> had employed a few hundred workers at a manufacturing plant but that plant subsequently closed. Unemployment was widespread, with consequent social problems. The 2000 US census reported a median household income in 1999 dollars of $9,331 (compared to $41,994 for the US as a whole), and 35.8% of the population of 16 years and over in the labor force (compared to 63.9% for the US as a whole).<sup id="cite_ref-census_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 2003 departure of the US Navy, the frail economy of the island was left in shambles, and efforts had to be made to redevelop the island's agricultural economy, clean up contaminated areas of the former bombing ranges, and to develop Vieques as a tourist destination. The Navy cleanup is now the island's largest employer, and has contributed over $20 million to the local economy over the last five years through salaries, housing, vehicles, taxes, and services. The Navy has provided specialized training to several local islanders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corcho_Beach,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/300px-Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/450px-Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Bahía del Corcho (Cork Bay), or Playa Caracas (Caracas Beach), also called Red Beach, a name given to the beach by the U.S. Navy and used mostly by English speakers</figcaption></figure> <p>For sixty years the majority of Vieques was closed off by the US Navy, and the island remained almost entirely undeveloped for tourism. This lack of development is now marketed as a key attraction. Vieques is promoted under an <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> banner as a sleepy, unspoiled island of rural bucolic charm and pristine deserted beaches, and is rapidly becoming a popular destination. </p><p>Since the Navy's departure, tensions on the island have been low, although land speculation by foreign developers and fears of overdevelopment have caused some resentment among local residents, and there are occasional reports of lingering <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">anti-American sentiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boston_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lands previously owned by the Navy have been turned over to the U.S. National Fish and Wildlife Service and the authorities of Puerto Rico and Vieques for management. The immediate bombing range area on the eastern tip of the island suffers from severe contamination, but the remaining areas are mostly open to the public, including many beautiful beaches that were inaccessible to civilians while the military was conducting training maneuvers. </p><p>Snorkeling is excellent, especially at <a href="/wiki/Blue_Beach_(Vieques)" title="Blue Beach (Vieques)">Blue Beach</a> (Bahía de la Chiva). Aside from archeological sites, such as La Hueca, and deserted beaches, a unique feature of Vieques is the presence of two pristine <a href="/wiki/Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">bioluminescent</a> bays, including Mosquito Bay. Vieques is also famous for its <a href="/wiki/Paso_fino" class="mw-redirect" title="Paso fino">paso fino</a> horses, which are owned by locals and left to roam free over parts of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Boston_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/TripAdvisor" class="mw-redirect" title="TripAdvisor">TripAdvisor</a> listed Vieques among the Top 25 Beaches in the World, writing "If you prefer your beaches without the accompanying commercial developments, Isla de Vieques is your tanning turf, with more than 40 beaches and not one traffic light."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of summer 2020, travel to the island was restricted due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">outbreak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks_and_places_of_interest">Landmarks and places of interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Landmarks and places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/220px-Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/330px-Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/440px-Ceiba_tree_in_Vieques_Island%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Very old Ceiba tree in Vieques Island, Puerto Rico</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_de_Vieques" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuerte de Vieques">Fortín Conde de Mirasol</a> (Count Mirasol Fort), a fort built by the Spanish in the mid 19th century, now a museum</li> <li>Playa Esperanza (<a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Beach" title="Esperanza Beach">Esperanza Beach</a>)</li> <li>The tomb of Le Guillou, the town founder, in <a href="/wiki/Isabel_II_barrio-pueblo" title="Isabel II barrio-pueblo">Isabel Segunda</a></li> <li>La Casa Alcaldía (City Hall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Mulas_Light" title="Punta Mulas Light">Faro Punta Mulas</a>, built in 1896</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ferro_Light" title="Puerto Ferro Light">Faro de Puerto Ferro</a></li> <li>Sun Bay Beach<sup id="cite_ref-Sun_Bay_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun_Bay-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Bioluminescent Bay</li> <li>The 300-year-old <a href="/wiki/Ceiba" title="Ceiba">ceiba</a> tree</li> <li>Rompeolas (Mosquito Pier), renamed Puerto de la Libertad <a href="/wiki/David_Sanes" class="mw-redirect" title="David Sanes">David Sanes Rodríguez</a> in 2003</li> <li>Puerto Ferro Archaeological Site</li> <li>Black Sand Beach (Playa Negra)</li> <li>Hacienda Playa Grande (Old Sugarcane Plantation Building)</li> <li>Underground U.S. Navy Bunkers<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wreckage of the World War II Navy Destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Killen" title="USS Killen">USS <i>Killen</i> (DD-593)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_and_events">Festivals and events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Festivals and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg/200px-20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg/300px-20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg/400px-20080720_155752_Festival_Viequense_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Fiestas Patronales, Isabel Segunda, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Vieques celebrates its <a href="/wiki/Fiestas_patronales_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Fiestas patronales in Puerto Rico">patron saint</a> festival in July. The <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Fiestas Patronales de Nuestra Señora del Carmen</i></span> is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-PR_Ency_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR_Ency-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other festivals and events celebrated in Vieques include: </p> <ul><li>Three Kings Festival – (or <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany Festival</a>) – January 6</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Festival Cultural Viequense</i></span> (Vieques Cultural Festival) – June</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Festival de la Arepa</i></span> – August/September</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">municipio</i></span> has an official flag and coat of arms.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flag">Flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vieques flag, approved in 1975, contains a representation of the municipal coat of arms and maintains its same symbolism. It consists of seven horizontal straight stripes, of equal width, four white and three blue, alternated. In its center is a green rhombus where a simplified design of the castle appears in yellow. The naval crown seen on the coat of arms is omitted from the flag.<sup id="cite_ref-LexJuris_(Leyes_y_Jurisprudencia)_de_Puerto_Rico_2020_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LexJuris_(Leyes_y_Jurisprudencia)_de_Puerto_Rico_2020-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On a barry shield with silver and blue waves is a <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">green</a> rhombus with a gold castle and on top is a golden crown with silver sails. The silver and blue waves symbolize the sea around Vieques. In the green rhombus is a historic Vieques fort represented by the traditional Spanish heraldic castle.<sup id="cite_ref-LexJuris_(Leyes_y_Jurisprudencia)_de_Puerto_Rico_2020_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LexJuris_(Leyes_y_Jurisprudencia)_de_Puerto_Rico_2020-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vieques is served by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rivera_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Airport" title="Antonio Rivera Rodríguez Airport">Antonio Rivera Rodríguez Airport</a>, which currently accommodates only small propeller-driven aircraft. Services to the island run from <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn_International_Airport" title="Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport">Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Luis_Ribas_Dominicci_Airport" title="Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport">Isla Grande Airport</a> (20- to 30-minute flights) and from <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Aponte_de_la_Torre_Airport" title="José Aponte de la Torre Airport">Ceiba Airport</a> (5-minute flights) and to <a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Rivera_Noriega_Airport" title="Benjamín Rivera Noriega Airport">Culebra</a>. Flights are also available between Vieques and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortola" title="Tortola">Tortola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Gorda" title="Virgin Gorda">Virgin Gorda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Thomas</a>. </p><p>Also, a <a href="/wiki/Vieques_Ferry" title="Vieques Ferry">ferry</a> runs from <a href="/wiki/Ceiba,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ceiba, Puerto Rico">Ceiba</a> several times a day. The ferry service is administered by the Autoridad de Transporte Marítimo (ATM) in Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, governor <a href="/wiki/Wanda_V%C3%A1zquez_Garced" title="Wanda Vázquez Garced">Wanda Vázquez Garced</a> said she would address the troubled, inconsistent ferry service between the islands and Ceiba.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 13 bridges in Vieques, none of them distinguished.<sup id="cite_ref-bridge_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bridge-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_health">Public health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There have been claims linking Vieques' higher cancer rate<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the long history of weapons testing on the island. </p><p>Nayda Figueroa, an epidemiologist for Puerto Rico's Cancer Registry, stated that research showed Vieques' cancer rate from 1995 to 1999 was 31 percent higher than for the main island. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Thun" title="Michael Thun">Michael Thun</a>, head of epidemiological research at the American Cancer Society, cautioned that the variations in the rates could be attributed to chance, given the small population on Vieques.<sup id="cite_ref-MiamiHerald_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiamiHerald-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2000 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a> report concluded that "the public had not been exposed to depleted uranium contamination above normal background (naturally occurring) levels".<sup id="cite_ref-ATSDR_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATSDR-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surveys of the wreckage of a target ship in a shallow bay at the bombing range, however, revealed its identity to be that of the <a href="/wiki/USS_Killen" title="USS Killen">USS <i>Killen</i></a>, a target ship in nuclear tests in the Pacific in 1958. By 2002, it was evident that thousands of tons of steel that had originally been irradiated in the 1958 nuclear tests was missing from the wreckage in the bay. That steel has been missing for over 35 years and is still unaccounted for by the US Navy, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> and US <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a> (ATSDR). Hundreds of steel drums of unknown origin were found among the wreckage. Their identity and contents have not been adequately verified.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In response to concerns about potential contamination from toxic metals and other chemicals, the ATSDR conducted a number of surveys in 1999–2002 to test Vieques' soil, water supply, air, fish and shellfish for harmful substances. The general conclusion of the ATSDR survey was that no public health hazard existed as a result of the Navy's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-ATSDR_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATSDR-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, scientists have pointed out that fish samples were drawn from local markets, which often import fish from other areas. Also sample sizes from each location were too small to provide compelling evidence for the lack of a public health danger (Wargo, Green Intelligence). The conclusions of the ATSDR report have more recently, as of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, been questioned and discredited. A review is underway.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Casa Pueblo, a Puerto Rican environmental group, reported "a series of studies pertaining to the flora and fauna of Vieques that clearly demonstrates sequestration of high levels of toxic elements in plant and animal tissue samples. Consequently, the ecological food web of the Vieques Island has been adversely impacted."<sup id="cite_ref-CasaPueblo_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CasaPueblo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Rexach_Benitez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaime Rexach Benitez">Jaime Rexach Benitez</a>, educator, politician and humanist;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susana_Centeno" title="Susana Centeno">Susana Centeno</a>, nurse, public servant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Dieppa" title="Nelson Dieppa">Nelson Dieppa</a>, professional boxer;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_Luis" title="Juan Francisco Luis">Juan Francisco Luis</a>, Governor of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a> (1978–1987);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Rieckehoff" class="mw-redirect" title="German Rieckehoff">Germán Rieckehoff Sampayo</a>, was president of the Puerto Rican Olympic committee;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_V%C3%A9lez_Rieckehoff" title="Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff">Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff</a>, local nationalist leader and political activist;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sanes" class="mw-redirect" title="David Sanes">David Sanes Rodríguez</a>, civilian killed by the US Navy in a live-fire bombing practice, his death sparked protests that culminated in the US Navy leaving the island.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="300-year-old Ceiba Tree in Isabel II"><img alt="300-year-old Ceiba Tree in Isabel II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/293px-300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/440px-300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/585px-300-year-old_Ceiba_Tree_in_Isabel_II%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">300-year-old Ceiba Tree in Isabel II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sun Bay Beach"><img alt="Sun Bay Beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg/260px-Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg/391px-Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg/520px-Vieques_SunBayBeach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sun Bay Beach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Tobarrios Navío Beach from a nearby sea cave"><img alt="A view of Tobarrios Navío Beach from a nearby sea cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg/260px-Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg/391px-Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg/520px-Vieques_jaskyna_na_PlayaNavio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of Tobarrios Navío Beach from a nearby sea cave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view from the Malecón (promenade) in Esperanza tobarrios of Cayo de Afuera"><img alt="A view from the Malecón (promenade) in Esperanza tobarrios of Cayo de Afuera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg/260px-Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg/391px-Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg/520px-Vieques_Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_v_Esperanze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view from the Malecón (promenade) in Esperanza tobarrios of Cayo de Afuera</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corcho_Beach,_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Playa Caracas (Red Beach)"><img alt="Playa Caracas (Red Beach)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/302px-Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/453px-Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Corcho_Beach%2C_Vieques%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Playa Caracas (Red Beach)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_PlayaNavio2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navío Beach"><img alt="Navío Beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vieques_PlayaNavio2.jpg/462px-Vieques_PlayaNavio2.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vieques_PlayaNavio2.jpg/694px-Vieques_PlayaNavio2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Vieques_PlayaNavio2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Navío Beach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Festival Viequense (2007)"><img alt="Festival Viequense (2007)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg/260px-Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg/391px-Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg/520px-Festival_Viequense_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Festival Viequense (2007)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esperanza_Vieques.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esperanza Beach"><img alt="Esperanza Beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Esperanza_Vieques.jpg/260px-Esperanza_Vieques.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Esperanza_Vieques.jpg/391px-Esperanza_Vieques.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Esperanza_Vieques.jpg/520px-Esperanza_Vieques.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Esperanza Beach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabella_II,_Vieques.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Isabella II, Vieques"><img alt="Isabella II, Vieques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Isabella_II%2C_Vieques.JPG/260px-Isabella_II%2C_Vieques.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Isabella_II%2C_Vieques.JPG/391px-Isabella_II%2C_Vieques.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Isabella_II%2C_Vieques.JPG/520px-Isabella_II%2C_Vieques.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Isabella II, Vieques</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fort Count of Mirasol"><img alt="Fort Count of Mirasol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG/260px-Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG/391px-Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG/520px-Fort_Count_of_Mirasol.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fort Count of Mirasol</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Playa Grande Sugar Plantation"><img alt="Playa Grande Sugar Plantation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg/260px-Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg/391px-Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg/520px-Building_entrance_ruins_Vieques_PR_2021-08-04_16-17-38_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Playa Grande Sugar Plantation</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Playa Negra, a black sand beach"><img alt="Playa Negra, a black sand beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg/292px-Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg/439px-Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg/585px-Playa_Negra_black_sand_beach_Vieques_Puerto_Rico_2021-08-04_11-50-50_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Playa Negra, a black sand beach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Playa Negra and cliffs"><img alt="Playa Negra and cliffs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg/146px-La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg/220px-La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg/292px-La_playa_negra_Vieques.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Playa Negra and cliffs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wild horses on Playa Negra"><img alt="Wild horses on Playa Negra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG/264px-Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG" decoding="async" width="176" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG/396px-Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG/527px-Wild_horses_on_Playa_Negra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4239" data-file-height="3138" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wild horses on Playa Negra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoreline_at_Esperanza,_Vieques.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esperanza"><img alt="Esperanza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shoreline_at_Esperanza%2C_Vieques.jpg/346px-Shoreline_at_Esperanza%2C_Vieques.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shoreline_at_Esperanza%2C_Vieques.jpg/520px-Shoreline_at_Esperanza%2C_Vieques.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shoreline_at_Esperanza%2C_Vieques.jpg/692px-Shoreline_at_Esperanza%2C_Vieques.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Esperanza</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieques_from_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view from East"><img alt="Aerial view from East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vieques_from_air.jpg/260px-Vieques_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vieques_from_air.jpg/391px-Vieques_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vieques_from_air.jpg/520px-Vieques_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view from East</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/48px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/64px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_in_Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico">United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vieques_birds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vieques birds">List of Vieques birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_San_Juan_metropolitan_and_eastern_Puerto_Rico#Vieques" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in San Juan metropolitan and eastern Puerto Rico">National Register of Historic Places listings in Vieques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahoolawe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahoolawe">Kahoolawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Vieques National Wildlife Refuge">Vieques National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra, Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Vieques-Island">"Vieques Island"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722215614/https://www.britannica.com/place/Vieques-Island">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=Vieques+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVieques-Island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html">"PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census"</a>. <i>The United States Census Bureau</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=PUERTO+RICO%3A+2020+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2Fstate-by-state%2Fpuerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000_Decennial_Profiles-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000_Decennial_Profiles_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuertorico.org/pdf/2kh72.pdf">"2000 Decennial Profiles: Vieques Municipio, Puerto Rico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. May 2001. p. 76. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216013103/http://www.topuertorico.org/pdf/2kh72.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2011</span> – via Welcome.toPuertoRico.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2000+Decennial+Profiles%3A+Vieques+Municipio%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuertorico.org%2Fpdf%2F2kh72.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanedy2003" class="citation news cs1">Canedy, Dana (May 2, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/02/us/navy-leaves-a-battered-island-and-puerto-ricans-cheer.html">"Navy Leaves a Battered Island, and Puerto Ricans Cheer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Navy+Leaves+a+Battered+Island%2C+and+Puerto+Ricans+Cheer&rft.date=2003-05-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Canedy&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F05%2F02%2Fus%2Fnavy-leaves-a-battered-island-and-puerto-ricans-cheer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/puerto-rico-cleanup-us-military-will-take-decade-rcna529">"Puerto Rico cleanup by U.S. military will take more than a decade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rico+cleanup+by+U.S.+military+will+take+more+than+a+decade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Flatino%2Fpuerto-rico-cleanup-us-military-will-take-decade-rcna529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/feb/16/50-best-beaches-in-the-world">"The 50 best beaches in the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. February 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+50+best+beaches+in+the+world&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F16%2F50-best-beaches-in-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Current Research". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Antiquity" title="American Antiquity">American Antiquity</a></i>. <b>57</b> (1): 146–163. January 1992. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0002731600051222">10.1017/S0002731600051222</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245677814">245677814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.atitle=Current+Research&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=146-163&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0002731600051222&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245677814%23id-name%3DS2CID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historic_Resources_UFDC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historic_Resources_UFDC_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCinquinoTronoloneVandreiVescelius1997" class="citation journal cs1">Cinquino, Michael A.; Tronolone, Carmine A.; Vandrei, Charles & Vescelius, Gary S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/19/61/00673/17-25.pdf">"Historic Resources on the Vieques Naval Reservation and the Historical Development of Vieques Island, Puerto Rico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the 17th Congress for Caribbean Archaeology</i>: 376–387. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626221350/https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/19/61/00673/17-25.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2019</span> – via University of Florida Digital Collections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+17th+Congress+for+Caribbean+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Historic+Resources+on+the+Vieques+Naval+Reservation+and+the+Historical+Development+of+Vieques+Island%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.pages=376-387&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cinquino&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft.au=Tronolone%2C+Carmine+A.&rft.au=Vandrei%2C+Charles&rft.au=Vescelius%2C+Gary+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu%2FAA%2F00%2F06%2F19%2F61%2F00673%2F17-25.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullenneaux2000" class="citation book cs1">Mullenneaux, Lisa (2000). <i>Ni Una Bomba Más!: Vieques vs. U.S. Navy</i>. New York: Penington Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-97042-960-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-97042-960-5"><bdi>978-0-97042-960-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ni+Una+Bomba+M%C3%A1s%21%3A+Vieques+vs.+U.S.+Navy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Penington+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-97042-960-5&rft.aulast=Mullenneaux&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeling2008" class="citation book cs1">Keeling, Stephen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bKWIc9uQd_cC&pg=PA162"><i>The Rough Guide to Puerto Rico</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a>. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-354-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-354-8"><bdi>978-1-85828-354-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322194438/http://books.google.com/books?id=bKWIc9uQd_cC&pg=PA162">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Puerto+Rico&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-354-8&rft.aulast=Keeling&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbKWIc9uQd_cC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viequesinsider.com/milestones/">"Milestones"</a>. <i>Vieques Insider</i>. 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War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office</i></a> (in Spanish). Imprenta del gobierno. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/informesobreelc00joangoog/page/n255">164</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115044918/http://archive.org/details/informesobreelc00joangoog">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Islands of Enchantment". <i><a href="/wiki/New_Formations:_A_Journal_of_Culture,_Theory_%26_Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="New Formations: A Journal of Culture, Theory & Politics">New Formations: A Journal of Culture, Theory & Politics</a></i>. <b>3</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Formations%3A+A+Journal+of+Culture%2C+Theory+%26+Politics&rft.atitle=Islands+of+Enchantment&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=3&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Hulme&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vieques-island.com/navy/rabin.html#PARTEII">"Historia de Vieques"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222091327/http://www.vieques-island.com/navy/rabin.html#PARTEII">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Vieques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vieques-island.com%2Fnavy%2Frabin.html%23PARTEII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyala2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ayala, César (Spring 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227114757/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/ayala/vieques/Papers/06ayalacentro.pdf">"From Sugar Plantations to Military Bases: the U.S. Navy's Expropriations in Vieques, Puerto Rico, 1940–45"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Centro: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 22–44. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/ayala/vieques/Papers/06ayalacentro.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 27, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span> – via Department of Sociology, UCLA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Centro%3A+Journal+of+the+Center+for+Puerto+Rican+Studies&rft.atitle=From+Sugar+Plantations+to+Military+Bases%3A+the+U.S.+Navy%27s+Expropriations+in+Vieques%2C+Puerto+Rico%2C+1940%E2%80%9345&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22-44&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ayala&rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9sar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sscnet.ucla.edu%2Fsoc%2Ffaculty%2Fayala%2Fvieques%2FPapers%2F06ayalacentro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00062883/00003">"Vieques tiene historia"</a>. <i>ufdc.ufl.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ufdc.ufl.edu&rft.atitle=Vieques+tiene+historia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fufdc.ufl.edu%2FAA00062883%2F00003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cie.uprrp.edu/cuaderno/download/numero_26/vol26_09_rioz-castro.pdf">"Rioz Castro: Vieques y la diaspora"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rioz+Castro%3A+Vieques+y+la+diaspora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcie.uprrp.edu%2Fcuaderno%2Fdownload%2Fnumero_26%2Fvol26_09_rioz-castro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uprh.edu/exegesis/fernandezporto.pdf">"Contaminación en Vieques"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contaminaci%C3%B3n+en+Vieques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uprh.edu%2Fexegesis%2Ffernandezporto.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosque-PérezMorera2006" class="citation book cs1">Bosque-Pérez, Ramón; Morera, José Javier Colón, eds. 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New York: SUNY Press. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6417-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6417-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-6417-5</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rico+under+Colonial+Rule%3A+Political+Persecution+And+The+Quest+For+Human+Rights&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2006-06&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6417-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dte1cUiXUweYC%26q%3Dvieques%2B1970s%2Bcristobal%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/205643445/">"On this date: "Five years ago..."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Northwest Herald</i>. April 27, 2006. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Herald&rft.atitle=On+this+date%3A+%22Five+years+ago...%22&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2006-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F205643445%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2001" class="citation news cs1">Jacobs, Andrew (April 29, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/29/us/tiny-island-turns-into-a-symbol-of-discontent.html">"Tiny Island Turns Into a Symbol of Discontent"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tiny+Island+Turns+Into+a+Symbol+of+Discontent&rft.date=2001-04-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F04%2F29%2Fus%2Ftiny-island-turns-into-a-symbol-of-discontent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1999" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, James (October 18, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/quagmire.htm">"Vieques vigil a quagmire: U.S. pressed on whether to close Navy range"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321101734/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/quagmire.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span> – via Latin American Studies.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Vieques+vigil+a+quagmire%3A+U.S.+pressed+on+whether+to+close+Navy+range&rft.date=1999-10-18&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinamericanstudies.org%2Fpuertorico%2Fquagmire.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2001-07-28-0107280098-story.html">"Newest Kennedy A Vieques Namesake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_Florida_Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Florida Sun-Sentinel">South Florida Sun-Sentinel</a></i>. July 28, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110203/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2001-07-28-0107280098-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Newest+Kennedy+A+Vieques+Namesake&rft.date=2001-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-2001-07-28-0107280098-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir2017" class="citation web cs1">Weir, Bill (September 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/28/us/vieques-cut-off-after-hurricane-maria/index.html">"Islanders cut off from world: 'We've lost everything'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029025228/https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/28/us/vieques-cut-off-after-hurricane-maria/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Islanders+cut+off+from+world%3A+%27We%27ve+lost+everything%27&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F09%2F28%2Fus%2Fvieques-cut-off-after-hurricane-maria%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzei2019" class="citation news cs1">Mazzei, Patricia (April 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/us/puerto-rico-trump-vieques.html">"Hunger and an 'Abandoned' Hospital: Puerto Rico Waits as Washington Bickers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725172747/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/us/puerto-rico-trump-vieques.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hunger+and+an+%27Abandoned%27+Hospital%3A+Puerto+Rico+Waits+as+Washington+Bickers&rft.date=2019-04-07&rft.aulast=Mazzei&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F07%2Fus%2Fpuerto-rico-trump-vieques.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUria2020" class="citation web cs1">Uria, Daniel (January 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2020/01/21/FEMA-approves-funds-to-rebuild-hospital-on-Puerto-Rican-island/5001579648472/">"FEMA approves funds to rebuild hospital on Puerto Rican island"</a>. <i>UPI</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303205841/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2020/01/21/FEMA-approves-funds-to-rebuild-hospital-on-Puerto-Rican-island/5001579648472/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=FEMA+approves+funds+to+rebuild+hospital+on+Puerto+Rican+island&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft.aulast=Uria&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FUS%2F2020%2F01%2F21%2FFEMA-approves-funds-to-rebuild-hospital-on-Puerto-Rican-island%2F5001579648472%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcevedo2021" class="citation news cs1">Acevedo, Nicole (January 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/family-teen-who-died-vieques-no-hospital-hurricane-sues-puerto-n1256219">"Family of teen who died in Vieques, with no hospital since hurricane, sues Puerto Rico officials"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220183043/https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo35934/cph-2-53.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rico%3A2010%3Apopulation+and+housing+unit+counts.pdf&rft.pub=U.S.+Dept.+of+Commerce+Economics+and+Statistics+Administration+U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpermanent.access.gpo.gov%2Fgpo35934%2Fcph-2-53.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212034111/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-state=dt&-context=dt&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-tree_id=4001&-transpose=N&-redoLog=true&-all_geo_types=N&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=06000US7214728953&-geo_id=06000US7214736564&-geo_id=06000US7214746196&-geo_id=06000US7214755312&-geo_id=06000US7214765331&-geo_id=06000US7214765374&-geo_id=06000US7214765675&-geo_id=06000US7214766148&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en&-show_geoid=Y">"Total Population: Florida barrio, Vieques Municipio, Puerto Rico"</a>. <i>American Factfinder</i>. 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US Census. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm">the original</a> on May 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factfinder.com&rft.atitle=US+Census+Barrio-Pueblo+definition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fhelp%2Fen%2Fbarrio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm">"Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)"</a>. <i>Puerto Rico Budgets</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628234856/http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puerto+Rico+Budgets&rft.atitle=Agencia%3A+Oficina+del+Coordinador+General+para+el+Financiamiento+Socioecon%C3%B3mico+y+la+Autogesti%C3%B3n+%28Proposed+2016+Budget%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presupuesto.pr.gov%2FPresupuesto2015-2016%2FPresupuestosAgencias%2F229.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera_Quintero,_Marcia2014" class="citation cs2">Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), <i>El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004</i> (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9820806-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9820806-1-0"><bdi>978-0-9820806-1-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+vuelo+de+la+esperanza%3A+Proyecto+de+las+Comunidades+Especiales+Puerto+Rico%2C+1997%E2%80%932004&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=San+Juan%2C+Puerto+Rico+Fundaci%C3%B3n+Sila+M.+Calder%C3%B3n&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0&rft.au=Rivera+Quintero%2C+Marcia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Law_1-2001-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Law_1-2001_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm">"Leyes del 2001"</a>. <i>Lex Juris Puerto Rico</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914224408/http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lex+Juris+Puerto+Rico&rft.atitle=Leyes+del+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexjuris.com%2Flexlex%2FLeyes2001%2Flex2001001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera_Quintero,_Marcia2014" class="citation cs2">Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), <i>El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004</i> (Primera edición ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=05000US72147&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US72%7C05000US72147&_street=&_county=vieques&_cityTown=vieques&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=050&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=">the original</a> on November 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+FactFinder&rft.atitle=Population+of+Vieques+Municipio%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FSAFFFacts%3F_event%3D%26geo_id%3D05000US72147%26_geoContext%3D01000US%257C04000US72%257C05000US72147%26_street%3D%26_county%3Dvieques%26_cityTown%3Dvieques%26_state%3D%26_zip%3D%26_lang%3Den%26_sse%3Don%26ActiveGeoDiv%3D%26_useEV%3D%26pctxt%3Dfph%26pgsl%3D050%26_submenuId%3Dfactsheet_1%26ds_name%3DDEC_2000_SAFF%26_ci_nbr%3Dnull%26qr_name%3Dnull%26reg%3Dnull%253Anull%26_keyword%3D%26_industry%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnicity_2010_census-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnicity_2010_census_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044211/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3&prodType=table">"Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin"</a>. <i>American FactFinder</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+FactFinder&rft.atitle=Race+and+Hispanic+or+Latino+Origin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DDEC_10_SF1_QTP3%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarold2007" class="citation news cs1">Harold, Brent (January 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/travel/getaways/caribbean/articles/2007/01/07/unpretentious_vieques_an_island_in_transition/">"Unpretentious Vieques, an island in transition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107063112/http://www.boston.com/travel/getaways/caribbean/articles/2007/01/07/unpretentious_vieques_an_island_in_transition/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Unpretentious+Vieques%2C+an+island+in+transition&rft.date=2007-01-07&rft.aulast=Harold&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Ftravel%2Fgetaways%2Fcaribbean%2Farticles%2F2007%2F01%2F07%2Funpretentious_vieques_an_island_in_transition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uncommoncaribbean.com/vieques/wild-horses-vieques">"The Not So Wild Horses of Vieques"</a>. <i>Uncommon Caribbean</i>. June 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Programa de Parques Nacionales de Puerto Rico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213184949/http://www.drdpuertorico.com/parquesnacionales/sun-bay-recibe-bandera-azul/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Vieques+Military+Bunkers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fvieques-military-bunkers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.puertoricohotelesparadores.com/festivales-eventos-actividades">"Puerto Rico Festivales, Eventos y Actividades en Puerto Rico"</a>. <i>Puerto Rico Hoteles y Paradores</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226163727/https://www.puertoricohotelesparadores.com/festivales-eventos-actividades">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puerto+Rico+Hoteles+y+Paradores&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rico+Festivales%2C+Eventos+y+Actividades+en+Puerto+Rico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.puertoricohotelesparadores.com%2Ffestivales-eventos-actividades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexjuris.com/LEXLEX/Leyes2006/lexl2006070.htm">"Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios"</a>. <i>LexJuris de Puerto Rico</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LexJuris+%28Leyes+y+Jurisprudencia%29+de+Puerto+Rico&rft.atitle=VIEQUES&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexjuris.com%2Fpueblos%2Fpueblos_files%2FVIEQUES.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vieques.com/passenger-cargo-ferry-guide/">"Passenger & Cargo Ferry Guide, Vieques & Fajardo, Puerto Rico"</a>. <i>Vieques.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022230414/http://vieques.com/passenger-cargo-ferry-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028212811/https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/gravelaflotaquesirvealasislasmunicipio-2513723/">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Battle+on+Vieques%2C+Over+Navy%27s+Cleanup+of+Munitions&rft.date=2009-08-06&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Mireya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F07%2Fscience%2Fearth%2F07vieques.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro2009" class="citation news cs1">Navarro, Mireya (November 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/14/science/earth/14vieques.html">"Navy's Vieques Training May Be Tied to Health Risks"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721193606/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/14/science/earth/14vieques.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Navy%27s+Vieques+Training+May+Be+Tied+to+Health+Risks&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Mireya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F14%2Fscience%2Fearth%2F14vieques.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro2009" class="citation news cs1">Navarro, Mireya (November 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/30/science/earth/30agency.html">"Reversal Haunts Federal Health Agency"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721194830/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/30/science/earth/30agency.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reversal+Haunts+Federal+Health+Agency&rft.date=2009-11-29&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Mireya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F30%2Fscience%2Fearth%2F30agency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CasaPueblo-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CasaPueblo_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200502/http://www.casapueblo.org/english/other/vieques.html">"Casa Pueblo report: Summary of Findings"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casapueblo.org/english/other/vieques.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Casa+Pueblo+report%3A+Summary+of+Findings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.casapueblo.org%2Fenglish%2Fother%2Fvieques.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVieques%2C+Puerto+Rico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieques,_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vieques, Puerto Rico">Vieques, Puerto Rico</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/Municipio-de-Vieques-708551149181894/">Vieques, Puerto Rico</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4972v.ct002783/?r=0.088,0.002,0.792,0.294,0">Topographic map of Vieques in the Library of Congress archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/vieques/index.html">Vieques, Puerto Rico: ATSDR Documents Dealing with the Isla de Vieques Bombing Range</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/vieques.shtml">Welcome to Puerto Rico! 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Rico">Culebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajardo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Fajardo, Puerto Rico">Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Gurabo, Puerto Rico">Gurabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humacao,_Puerto_Rico" title="Humacao, Puerto Rico">Humacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncos,_Puerto_Rico" title="Juncos, Puerto Rico">Juncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Piedras,_Puerto_Rico" title="Las Piedras, Puerto Rico">Las Piedras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADza,_Puerto_Rico" title="Loíza, Puerto Rico">Loíza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luquillo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Luquillo, Puerto Rico">Luquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Maunabo, Puerto Rico">Maunabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Naguabo, Puerto Rico">Naguabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande,_Puerto_Rico" title="Río Grande, Puerto Rico">Río Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico">San Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vieques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabucoa,_Puerto_Rico" title="Yabucoa, Puerto Rico">Yabucoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Puerto_Rico_subdivisions" title="Template:Puerto Rico subdivisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Puerto_Rico_subdivisions" title="Template talk:Puerto Rico subdivisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Puerto_Rico_subdivisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Puerto Rico subdivisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_statistical_areas" title="Puerto Rico statistical areas">Metropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguadilla_metropolitan_area" title="Aguadilla metropolitan area">Aguadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo,_PR_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecibo, PR Metropolitan Statistical Area">Arecibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayama_metropolitan_area" title="Guayama metropolitan area">Guayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayag%C3%BCez_metropolitan_area" title="Mayagüez metropolitan area">Mayagüez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_metropolitan_area" title="Ponce metropolitan area">Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan%E2%80%93Bayam%C3%B3n%E2%80%93Caguas_metropolitan_area" title="San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area">San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Municipalities of Puerto Rico">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjuntas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Adjuntas, Puerto Rico">Adjuntas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguada,_Puerto_Rico" title="Aguada, Puerto Rico">Aguada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguadilla,_Puerto_Rico" title="Aguadilla, Puerto Rico">Aguadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguas_Buenas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico">Aguas Buenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aibonito,_Puerto_Rico" title="Aibonito, Puerto Rico">Aibonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1asco,_Puerto_Rico" title="Añasco, Puerto Rico">Añasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Arecibo, Puerto Rico">Arecibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Arroyo, Puerto Rico">Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barceloneta,_Puerto_Rico" title="Barceloneta, Puerto Rico">Barceloneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barranquitas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Barranquitas, Puerto Rico">Barranquitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayam%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico" title="Bayamón, Puerto Rico">Bayamón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Rojo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico">Cabo Rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caguas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Caguas, Puerto Rico">Caguas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camuy,_Puerto_Rico" title="Camuy, Puerto Rico">Camuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can%C3%B3vanas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Canóvanas, Puerto Rico">Canóvanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina,_Puerto_Rico" title="Carolina, Puerto Rico">Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cata%C3%B1o,_Puerto_Rico" title="Cataño, Puerto Rico">Cataño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayey,_Puerto_Rico" title="Cayey, Puerto Rico">Cayey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiba,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ceiba, Puerto Rico">Ceiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciales,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ciales, Puerto Rico">Ciales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Cidra, Puerto Rico">Cidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coamo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Coamo, Puerto Rico">Coamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comer%C3%ADo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Comerío, Puerto Rico">Comerío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corozal,_Puerto_Rico" title="Corozal, Puerto Rico">Corozal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorado,_Puerto_Rico" title="Dorado, Puerto Rico">Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajardo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Fajardo, Puerto Rico">Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida,_Puerto_Rico" title="Florida, Puerto Rico">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A1nica,_Puerto_Rico" title="Guánica, Puerto Rico">Guánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayama,_Puerto_Rico" title="Guayama, Puerto Rico">Guayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayanilla,_Puerto_Rico" title="Guayanilla, Puerto Rico">Guayanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaynabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Guaynabo, Puerto Rico">Guaynabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Gurabo, Puerto Rico">Gurabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatillo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Hatillo, Puerto Rico">Hatillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormigueros,_Puerto_Rico" title="Hormigueros, Puerto Rico">Hormigueros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humacao,_Puerto_Rico" title="Humacao, Puerto Rico">Humacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Puerto_Rico" title="Isabela, Puerto Rico">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayuya,_Puerto_Rico" title="Jayuya, Puerto Rico">Jayuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_D%C3%ADaz,_Puerto_Rico" title="Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico">Juana Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncos,_Puerto_Rico" title="Juncos, Puerto Rico">Juncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Lajas, Puerto Rico">Lajas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lares,_Puerto_Rico" title="Lares, Puerto Rico">Lares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Mar%C3%ADas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Las Marías, Puerto Rico">Las Marías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Piedras,_Puerto_Rico" title="Las Piedras, Puerto Rico">Las Piedras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADza,_Puerto_Rico" title="Loíza, Puerto Rico">Loíza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luquillo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Luquillo, Puerto Rico">Luquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat%C3%AD,_Puerto_Rico" title="Manatí, Puerto Rico">Manatí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricao,_Puerto_Rico" title="Maricao, Puerto Rico">Maricao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Maunabo, Puerto Rico">Maunabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayag%C3%BCez,_Puerto_Rico" title="Mayagüez, Puerto Rico">Mayagüez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moca,_Puerto_Rico" title="Moca, Puerto Rico">Moca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morovis,_Puerto_Rico" title="Morovis, Puerto Rico">Morovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguabo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Naguabo, Puerto Rico">Naguabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naranjito,_Puerto_Rico" title="Naranjito, Puerto Rico">Naranjito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orocovis,_Puerto_Rico" title="Orocovis, Puerto Rico">Orocovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patillas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Patillas, Puerto Rico">Patillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1uelas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Peñuelas, Puerto Rico">Peñuelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ponce, Puerto Rico">Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebradillas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Quebradillas, Puerto Rico">Quebradillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico" title="Rincón, Puerto Rico">Rincón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande,_Puerto_Rico" title="Río Grande, Puerto Rico">Río Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_Grande,_Puerto_Rico" title="Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico">Sabana Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas,_Puerto_Rico" title="Salinas, Puerto Rico">Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Germ%C3%A1n,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Germán, Puerto Rico">San Germán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico">San Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Sebastián, Puerto Rico">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Isabel,_Puerto_Rico" title="Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico">Santa Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toa_Alta,_Puerto_Rico" title="Toa Alta, Puerto Rico">Toa Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toa_Baja,_Puerto_Rico" title="Toa Baja, Puerto Rico">Toa Baja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trujillo_Alto,_Puerto_Rico" title="Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico">Trujillo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utuado,_Puerto_Rico" title="Utuado, Puerto Rico">Utuado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Alta,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vega Alta, Puerto Rico">Vega Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Baja,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vega Baja, Puerto Rico">Vega Baja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vieques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villalba,_Puerto_Rico" title="Villalba, Puerto Rico">Villalba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabucoa,_Puerto_Rico" title="Yabucoa, Puerto Rico">Yabucoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yauco,_Puerto_Rico" title="Yauco, Puerto Rico">Yauco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Puerto_Rico" title="List of islands of Puerto Rico">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caja_de_Muertos_Island" title="Caja de Muertos Island">Caja de Muertos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Cardona" title="Isla Cardona">Cardona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayo_Icacos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayo Icacos">Cayo Icacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecheo_Island" title="Desecheo Island">Desecheo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatas_(Ponce)" title="Gatas (Ponce)">Gatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Cabras" title="Isla de Cabras">Isla de Cabras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Jueyes" title="Isla de Jueyes">Isla de Jueyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Mona" title="Isla de Mona">Isla de Mona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Ratones_(Cabo_Rojo,_Puerto_Rico)" title="Isla de Ratones (Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico)">Isla de Ratones, Cabo Rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Ratones_(Ponce,_Puerto_Rico)" title="Isla de Ratones (Ponce, Puerto Rico)">Isla de Ratones, Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_del_Fr%C3%ADo" title="Isla del Frío">Isla del Frío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Islet" title="San Juan Islet">Isleta de San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Magueyes" title="Isla Magueyes">Magueyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monito_Island" title="Monito Island">Monito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrillito" title="Morrillito">Morrillito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vieques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Geography of Puerto Rico">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_de_Ponce" title="Bahía de Ponce">Bahía de Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_de_Punta" title="Cerro de Punta">Cerro de Punta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Maravilla" title="Cerro Maravilla">Cerro Maravilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Central_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)">Cordillera Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Tuque" title="El Tuque">El Tuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Yunque_(Puerto_Rico)" title="El Yunque (Puerto Rico)">El Yunque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_Beach" title="Flamenco Beach">Flamenco Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserva_Natural_Punta_Cucharas" title="Reserva Natural Punta Cucharas">Las Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayag%C3%BCez_Bay" title="Mayagüez Bay">Mayagüez Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A9s_River" title="Portugués River">Portugués River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Bay" title="San Juan Bay">San Juan Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Puerto_Rico%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Puerto Rico–related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Culture of Puerto Rico">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Demographics of Puerto Rico">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Economy of Puerto Rico">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rico_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of Puerto Rico locations by per capita income">Per capita income</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Government of Puerto Rico">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Constitution of Puerto Rico">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Politics of Puerto Rico">Politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Puerto_Rico" title="History of Puerto Rico">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Historic places</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Fauna of Puerto Rico">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Puerto_Rico" title="List of birds of Puerto Rico">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Puerto_Rico" title="List of mammals of Puerto Rico">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_Puerto_Rico" title="List of reptiles of Puerto Rico">Reptiles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Puerto_Rico" title="Portal:Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Vieques, Puerto Rico</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Vieques, Puerto Rico">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vieques" class="extiw" title="voy:Vieques">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737624" class="extiw" title="d:Q737624">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737624#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737624#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737624#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150192153">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1248831/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMqJmM6yMwYHbyCGCCwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4716951-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87851513">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155048524">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155048524">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559993005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/27882698-8bf7-4426-ad84-1cb2c45d31a8">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/112749291">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10037361">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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