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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish mathematician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Darcy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Patrick Darcy (disambiguation)">Patrick Darcy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Patrice d'Arcy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrice_Darcy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Patrice_Darcy.jpg/220px-Patrice_Darcy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Patrice_Darcy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="289" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">M. d'Arcy, by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Drouais" title="Hubert Drouais">Hubert Drouais</a> (1742).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><i>Patrick Darcy</i></div><br />27 September 1725<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Kiltullagh, County Galway, Ireland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 October 1779 (54 years old)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patrick d'Arcy</b> (27 September 1725 – 18 October 1779) was an Irish mathematician born at Kiltullagh House, near <a href="/wiki/Kiltullagh" title="Kiltullagh">Kiltullagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a> in the west of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family, who were Catholics, suffered under the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_against_Irish_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws against Irish Catholics">penal laws</a>. In 1739 d'Arcy was sent abroad by his parents to an uncle in Paris. He was tutored in mathematics by Jean-Baptiste Clairaut, and became a friend of Jean-Baptiste's son, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, (<a href="/wiki/Alexis_Clairaut" title="Alexis Clairaut">Alexis Clairaut</a>), who was a brilliant young mathematician. </p><p>D'Arcy made original contributions to dynamics. He is best known for his part in the discovery of the principle of <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a>, in a form which was known as "the principle of areas," which he announced in 1746. See the article on <a href="/wiki/Areal_velocity" title="Areal velocity">areal velocity</a>. d'Arcy also had an illustrious military career in the French army. He obtained the title of "Count" in the French nobility. He was a generous patron of Irish refugees in France. In addition to his contributions to dynamics, he performed research on artillery and on electricity. </p><p>D'Arcy was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Academie_Royale_des_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academie Royale des Sciences">Academie Royale des Sciences</a> in 1749. </p><p>In 1768, the Academie published a 1765 paper by D'Arcy on the duration of visual impressions. He had built a kind of mill in his garden, which could whirl around a burning coal and register the duration of one rotation when it was spinning just fast enough to give the impression of a full fiery circle, as seen in the dark from a circa 50 meter distance. With the collaboration of an observer with better eyesight than D'Arcy, the mean duration came to 0,13 second. He planned further experiments to measure the suspected differences between individuals, colors, viewing distances and light intensity of objects.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'Arcy's experiments relate to theories of <a href="/wiki/Persistence_of_vision" title="Persistence of vision">persistence of vision</a> that were popularised with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_toys" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophical toys">philosophical toys</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Thaumatrope" title="Thaumatrope">thaumatrope</a> in the 19th century, and the subsequent development of <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a>. However, many historians have ignored D'Arcy and other early researchers, giving in to some nationalistic prejudice to champion some other "great man" from nationalistic prejudice, or to the tendency to produce a more coherent chronological narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D'Arcy died from <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> in Paris in October 1779. </p><p>There is a copy of a portrait of d'Arcy in Wade (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.perceptionweb.com/perception/perc0297/ped26_2.gif">[1]</a>, which was found in Charbonnier (1928). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_d%27Arcy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>C.S. Gillmor, "D'Arcy, Patrick," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. III, pp. 561–2, Scribner's, New York (1970).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iol.ie/~mfinn/kiltullaghho.html">http://www.iol.ie/~mfinn/kiltullaghho.html</a></li> <li>M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Principe Géneral de Dynamique,"<i>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris</i>, 1747, pp. 348–356.</li> <li>J. Casey, "Areal Velocity and Angular Momentum for Non-Planar Problems in Particle Mechanics," <i>American Journal of Physics</i>, Vol. 75, pp. 677–685, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/30409701/kiltullagh-house-kiltullagh-north-kiltullagh-galway">"Kiltullagh House, Kiltullagh North, Kiltullagh, Galway"</a>. <i>buildingsofireland.ie</i>. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>[Kiltullagh] house was the birthplace of Count Patrick D'Arcy, mathematician, colonel in the French army, and member of the French academy</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buildingsofireland.ie&rft.atitle=Kiltullagh+House%2C+Kiltullagh+North%2C+Kiltullagh%2C+Galway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildingsofireland.ie%2Fbuildings-search%2Fbuilding%2F30409701%2Fkiltullagh-house-kiltullagh-north-kiltullagh-galway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrick+d%27Arcy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick d'Arcy <i>Sur la durée de la sensation de la vue</i> in <i>Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences - Année M. DCCXV.</i> p. 439-451 (1768)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinston2019" class="citation book cs1">Winston, Brian (25 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YeXxDwAAQBAJ&dq=d'arcy%20%22persistence%20of%20vision%22&pg=PA17"><i>Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinema and Television</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83871-847-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83871-847-3"><bdi>978-1-83871-847-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technologies+of+Seeing%3A+Photography%2C+Cinema+and+Television&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft.isbn=978-1-83871-847-3&rft.aulast=Winston&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYeXxDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dd%27arcy%2520%2522persistence%2520of%2520vision%2522%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrick+d%27Arcy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Sur la Durée de la Sensation de La vue," <i>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris</i>, pp. 439–451, 1765.</li> <li>N.J. Wade, Guest Editorial, <i>Perception,</i> Vol. 26, 1997, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927093400/http://www.perceptionweb.com/perception/perc0297/editorial.html">[2]</a>.</li> <li>P.J. Charbonnier, Essais sur l'Histoire de la Balistique, Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Paris (1928)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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