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id="toc-Intel_partnership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intel_partnership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Intel partnership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intel_partnership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2006–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_CEOs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_CEOs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 List of CEOs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_CEOs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Products </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CPUs_and_APUs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CPUs_and_APUs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 CPUs and APUs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CPUs_and_APUs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IBM_PC_and_the_x86_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_PC_and_the_x86_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 IBM PC and the x86 architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_PC_and_the_x86_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-K5,_K6,_Athlon,_Duron,_and_Sempron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K5,_K6,_Athlon,_Duron,_and_Sempron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 K5, K6, Athlon, Duron, and Sempron </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K5,_K6,_Athlon,_Duron,_and_Sempron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athlon_64,_Opteron,_and_Phenom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athlon_64,_Opteron,_and_Phenom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Athlon 64, Opteron, and Phenom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athlon_64,_Opteron,_and_Phenom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fusion_becomes_the_AMD_APU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fusion_becomes_the_AMD_APU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Fusion becomes the AMD APU </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fusion_becomes_the_AMD_APU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_microarchitectures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_microarchitectures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 New microarchitectures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_microarchitectures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High-power,_high-performance_Bulldozer_cores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-power,_high-performance_Bulldozer_cores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5.1 High-power, high-performance Bulldozer cores </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-power,_high-performance_Bulldozer_cores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low-power_Cat_cores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-power_Cat_cores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5.2 Low-power Cat cores </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-power_Cat_cores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ARM_architecture-based_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ARM_architecture-based_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5.3 ARM architecture-based designs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ARM_architecture-based_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zen-based_CPUs_and_APUs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zen-based_CPUs_and_APUs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 Zen-based CPUs and APUs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zen-based_CPUs_and_APUs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphics_products_and_GPUs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphics_products_and_GPUs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Graphics products and GPUs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphics_products_and_GPUs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ATI_prior_to_AMD_acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ATI_prior_to_AMD_acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 ATI prior to AMD acquisition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ATI_prior_to_AMD_acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radeon_within_AMD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radeon_within_AMD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Radeon within AMD </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radeon_within_AMD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combined_GPU_and_CPU_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combined_GPU_and_CPU_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Combined GPU and CPU divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combined_GPU_and_CPU_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radeon_Technologies_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radeon_Technologies_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Radeon Technologies Group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radeon_Technologies_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semi-custom_and_game_console_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semi-custom_and_game_console_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Semi-custom and game console products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semi-custom_and_game_console_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Other hardware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AMD_motherboard_chipsets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AMD_motherboard_chipsets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 AMD motherboard chipsets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AMD_motherboard_chipsets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embedded_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embedded_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Embedded products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embedded_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Embedded_CPUs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embedded_CPUs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2.1 Embedded CPUs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embedded_CPUs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embedded_graphics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embedded_graphics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2.2 Embedded graphics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embedded_graphics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_product_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_product_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Current product lines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_product_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CPU_and_APU_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CPU_and_APU_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 CPU and APU products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CPU_and_APU_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphics_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphics_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Graphics products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphics_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radeon-branded_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radeon-branded_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Radeon-branded products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radeon-branded_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RAM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RAM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 RAM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RAM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solid-state_drives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solid-state_drives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.2 Solid-state drives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solid-state_drives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Technologies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Technologies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CPU_hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CPU_hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 CPU hardware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CPU_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphics_hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphics_hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Graphics hardware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphics_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Distribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_by_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_by_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Software by type </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_by_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CPU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CPU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 CPU </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CPU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GPU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GPU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 GPU </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GPU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.5 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_and_fabrication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_and_fabrication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Production and fabrication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_and_fabrication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Business trends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litigation_with_Intel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litigation_with_Intel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Litigation with Intel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litigation_with_Intel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinness_World_Record_achievement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinness_World_Record_achievement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Guinness World Record achievement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinness_World_Record_achievement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisitions,_mergers,_and_investments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions,_mergers,_and_investments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Acquisitions, mergers, and investments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions,_mergers,_and_investments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_responsibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_responsibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Corporate responsibility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_responsibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Other initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sponsorships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">AMD</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" > 71 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="إي إم دي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إي إم دي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="অ্যাডভান্সড মাইক্রো ডিভাইসেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাডভান্সড মাইক্রো ডিভাইসেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ای‌ام‌دی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ای‌ام‌دی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="ऍड्वांस्ड माइक्रो डिवाइसेज़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऍड्वांस्ड माइक्रो डिवाइसेज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_Micro_Device" title="Advance Micro Device – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Advance Micro Device" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಡ್ವಾನ್ಸ್‍ಡ್ ಮೈಕ್ರೋ ಡಿವೈಸಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಡ್ವಾನ್ಸ್‍ಡ್ ಮೈಕ್ರೋ ಡಿವೈಸಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%94" title="АМД – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="АМД" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF." title="എ.എം.ഡി. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എ.എം.ഡി." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE.%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80." title="ए.एम.डी. – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ए.एम.डी." data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE" title="အေအဲမ်ဒီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အေအဲမ်ဒီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BB%E3%82%BA" title="アドバンスト・マイクロ・デバイセズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アドバンスト・マイクロ・デバイセズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇඩ්වාන්ස්ඩ් මයික්‍රෝ ඩිවයිසර්ස් ඉන්කෝපරේෂන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇඩ්වාන්ස්ඩ් මයික්‍රෝ ඩිවයිසර්ස් ඉන්කෝපරේෂන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD" title="AMD – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="AMD" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="அட்வான்ஸ்டு மைக்ரோ டிவைசஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அட்வான்ஸ்டு மைக்ரோ டிவைசஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="เอเอ็มดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอเอ็มดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Advanced Micro Devices" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" title="Advanced Micro Devices – Ukrainian" 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=AMD&params=37_22_56_N_121_58_15_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA&title=Advanced+Micro+Devices+Headquarters">37°22′56″N 121°58′15″W / 37.38222°N 121.97083°W / 37.38222; -121.97083 (Advanced Micro Devices Headquarters)</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Micro_Devices&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">Advanced Micro Devices</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multinational technology company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/AMD_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="AMD (disambiguation)">AMD (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AMD_Logo.svg/220px-AMD_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AMD_Logo.svg/330px-AMD_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AMD_Logo.svg/440px-AMD_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="191" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara,_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of AMD's headquarters located in Santa Clara, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara%2C_California.jpg/250px-2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara%2C_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara%2C_California.jpg/375px-2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara%2C_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara%2C_California.jpg/500px-2485_Augustine_Drive_headquarters_in_Santa_Clara%2C_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4312" data-file-height="3188" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara, California</a>, in 2020</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">AMD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/amd">AMD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&P 100">S&P 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">May 1, 1969; 55 years ago (1969-05-01)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Team led by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sanders_(businessman)" title="Jerry Sanders (businessman)">Jerry Sanders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Su" title="Lisa Su">Lisa Su</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chair</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_technical_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief technical officer">CTO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">AMD CPUs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">AMD GPUs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Threadripper" title="Threadripper">Threadripper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtex_(FPGA)" title="Virtex (FPGA)">Virtex</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vivado" title="Vivado">Vivado</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sempron" title="Sempron">Sempron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Duron" title="Duron">Duron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Instinct" title="AMD Instinct">AMD Instinct</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$22.68 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$401 million (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$854 million (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$67.89 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$55.89 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 26,000 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amd.com/">amd.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-10K-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara, California</a> and maintains significant operations in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>. AMD is a <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">hardware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fabless_manufacturing" title="Fabless manufacturing">fabless</a> company that designs and develops <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">central processing units</a> (CPUs), <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">graphics processing units</a> (GPUs), <a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_arrays" class="mw-redirect" title="Field-programmable gate arrays">field-programmable gate arrays</a> (FPGAs), <a href="/wiki/System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">system-on-chip</a> (SoC), and <a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">high-performance compute</a> solutions. AMD serves a wide range of business and consumer markets, including gaming, data centers, artificial intelligence (AI), and embedded systems. AMD's main products include <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD microprocessors">microprocessors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboard</a> <a href="/wiki/Chipset" title="Chipset">chipsets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embedded_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded processor">embedded processors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">graphics processors</a> for <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a>, personal computers, and <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded system</a> applications. The company has also expanded into new markets, such as the <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming">gaming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">high-performance computing</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> markets. AMD's processors are used in a wide range of computing devices, including <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, servers, <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptops</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">gaming consoles</a>. While it initially manufactured its own processors, the company later <a href="/wiki/Fabless_manufacturing" title="Fabless manufacturing">outsourced its manufacturing</a>, after <a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a> was spun off in 2009. Through its <a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a> acquisition in 2022, AMD offers <a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">field-programmable gate array</a> (FPGA) products. AMD was founded in 1969 by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sanders_(businessman)" title="Jerry Sanders (businessman)">Jerry Sanders</a> and a group of other technology professionals. The company's early products were primarily memory chips and other components for computers. In 1975, AMD entered the microprocessor market, competing with <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, its main rival in the industry. In the early 2000s, it experienced significant growth and success, thanks in part to its strong position in the PC market and the success of its <a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> processors. However, the company faced challenges in the late 2000s and early 2010s, as it struggled to keep up with Intel in the race to produce faster and more powerful processors. In the late 2010s, AMD regained <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> by pursuing a <a href="/wiki/Penetration_pricing" title="Penetration pricing">penetration pricing</a> strategy<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and building on the success of its <a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a> processors, which were considerably more competitive with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_processors" title="List of Intel processors">Intel microprocessors</a> in terms of performance while offering attractive pricing.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1amdplace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1amdplace.jpg/220px-1amdplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1amdplace.jpg/330px-1amdplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1amdplace.jpg/440px-1amdplace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4719" data-file-height="3045" /></a><figcaption>AMD's former headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale, California</a> (demolished in 2019)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMDmarkham4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AMDmarkham4.jpg/220px-AMDmarkham4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AMDmarkham4.jpg/330px-AMDmarkham4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AMDmarkham4.jpg/440px-AMDmarkham4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>AMD's campus in <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham</a>, Ontario, Canada, formerly <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI</a> headquarters</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Austin_campus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AMD_Austin_campus.JPG/220px-AMD_Austin_campus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AMD_Austin_campus.JPG/330px-AMD_Austin_campus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AMD_Austin_campus.JPG/440px-AMD_Austin_campus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>AMD's <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED-certified</a> Lone Star campus in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundational_years">Foundational years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundational years">edit</a>]</div> Advanced Micro Devices was formally incorporated by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sanders_(businessman)" title="Jerry Sanders (businessman)">Jerry Sanders</a>, along with seven of his colleagues from <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild Semiconductor</a>, on May 1, 1969.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Sanders, an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineer">electrical engineer</a> who was the director of marketing at Fairchild, had, like many Fairchild executives, grown frustrated with the increasing lack of support, opportunity, and flexibility within the company. He later decided to leave to start his own <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> company,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> following the footsteps of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Noyce" title="Robert Noyce">Robert Noyce</a> (developer of the first silicon <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> at Fairchild in 1959)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a>, who together founded the semiconductor company <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> in July 1968.<a href="#cite_note-abc-9">[9]</a> In September 1969, AMD moved from its temporary location in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> To immediately secure a customer base, AMD initially became a <a href="/wiki/Second_source" title="Second source">second source</a> supplier of microchips designed by Fairchild and <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-directory-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> AMD first focused on producing logic chips.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The company guaranteed quality control to <a href="/wiki/MIL-STD-883" title="MIL-STD-883">United States Military Standard</a>, an advantage in the early computer industry since unreliability in microchips was a distinct problem that customers – including <a href="/wiki/Computer_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer manufacturer">computer manufacturers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">telecommunications industry</a>, and instrument manufacturers – wanted to avoid.<a href="#cite_note-directory-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-singer-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-svh-16">[16]</a> In November 1969, the company manufactured its first product: the Am9300, a <a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit#SSI,_MSI_and_LSI" title="Integrated circuit">MSI</a> <a href="/wiki/Shift_register" title="Shift register">shift register</a>, which began selling in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-svh-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Also in 1970, AMD produced its first proprietary product, the Am2501 logic counter, which was highly successful.<a href="#cite_note-lojek220-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-history-19">[19]</a> Its bestselling product in 1971 was the Am2505, the fastest <a href="/wiki/Binary_multiplier" title="Binary multiplier">multiplier</a> available.<a href="#cite_note-lojek220-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-rodengen41-20">[20]</a> In 1971, AMD entered the <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> chip market, beginning with the Am3101, a <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> bipolar RAM.<a href="#cite_note-rodengen41-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> That year AMD also greatly increased the sales volume of its linear integrated circuits, and by year-end the company's total annual sales reached US$4.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-lojek220-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> AMD went public in September 1972.<a href="#cite_note-directory-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The company was a second source for Intel <a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Large_Scale_Integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Scale Integration">LSI</a> circuits by 1973, with products such as Am14/1506 and Am14/1507, dual 100-bit dynamic shift registers.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> By 1975, AMD was producing 212 products – of which 49 were proprietary, including the Am9102 (a <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">static</a> <a href="/wiki/N-type_semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="N-type semiconductor">N-channel</a> 1024-bit RAM)<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> and three low-power <a href="/wiki/Schottky_barrier" title="Schottky barrier">Schottky</a> <a href="/wiki/Mid-scale_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-scale integration">MSI</a> circuits: Am25LS07, Am25LS08, and Am25LS09.<a href="#cite_note-rodengen55-28">[28]</a> Intel had created the first <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a>, its 4-bit <a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">4004</a>, in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> By 1975, AMD entered the microprocessor market with the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Am9080" title="AMD Am9080">Am9080</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse-engineered</a> clone of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">Intel 8080</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-rodengen50-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Am2900" title="AMD Am2900">Am2900</a> <a href="/wiki/Bit-slice" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit-slice">bit-slice</a> microprocessor family.<a href="#cite_note-rodengen50-32">[32]</a> When Intel began installing <a href="/wiki/Microcode" title="Microcode">microcode</a> in its microprocessors in 1976, it entered into a <a href="/wiki/Cross-licensing" title="Cross-licensing">cross-licensing</a> agreement with AMD, which was granted a copyright license to the microcode in its microprocessors and peripherals, effective October 1976.<a href="#cite_note-rodengen55-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-justia1994-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-sec1996-37">[37]</a> In 1977, AMD entered into a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, a German engineering conglomerate wishing to enhance its technology expertise and enter the American market.<a href="#cite_note-malerba-38">[38]</a> Siemens purchased 20% of AMD's stock, giving the company an infusion of cash to increase its product lines.<a href="#cite_note-malerba-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The two companies also jointly established Advanced Micro Computers (AMC), located in Silicon Valley and in Germany, allowing AMD to enter the <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> development and manufacturing field,<a href="#cite_note-malerba-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-rodengen60-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> in particular based on AMD's second-source <a href="/wiki/Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a> <a href="/wiki/Z8000" class="mw-redirect" title="Z8000">Z8000</a> microprocessors.<a href="#cite_note-freiberger-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> When the two companies' vision for Advanced Micro Computers diverged, AMD bought out Siemens' stake in the American division in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> AMD closed Advanced Micro Computers in late 1981 after switching focus to manufacturing second-source Intel x86 microprocessors.<a href="#cite_note-freiberger-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-swaine-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Total sales in <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 1978 topped $100 million,<a href="#cite_note-rodengen60-41">[41]</a> and in 1979, AMD debuted on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-19">[19]</a> In 1979, production also began on AMD's new <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_fabrication_plant" title="Semiconductor fabrication plant">semiconductor fabrication plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>;<a href="#cite_note-history-19">[19]</a> the company already had overseas assembly facilities in <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> and began construction on a fabrication plant in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-HittC26-51">[51]</a> In 1980, AMD began supplying semiconductor products for telecommunications, an industry undergoing rapid expansion and innovation.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intel_partnership">Intel partnership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Intel partnership">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> had introduced the first <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> microprocessors in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In 1981, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> created its <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">PC</a>, and wanted Intel's x86 processors, but only under the condition that Intel would also provide a <a href="/wiki/Second-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-source">second-source</a> manufacturer for its patented x86 microprocessors.<a href="#cite_note-singer-14">[14]</a> Intel and AMD entered into a 10-year technology exchange agreement, first signed in October 1981<a href="#cite_note-swaine-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and formally executed in February 1982.<a href="#cite_note-sec1996-37">[37]</a> The terms of the agreement were that each company could acquire the right to become a second-source manufacturer of semiconductor products developed by the other; that is, each party could "earn" the right to manufacture and sell a product developed by the other, if agreed to, by exchanging the manufacturing rights to a product of equivalent technical complexity. The technical information and licenses needed to make and sell a part would be exchanged for a royalty to the developing company.<a href="#cite_note-justia1994-36">[36]</a> The 1982 agreement also extended the 1976 AMD–Intel cross-licensing agreement through 1995.<a href="#cite_note-justia1994-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-sec1996-37">[37]</a> The agreement included the right to invoke arbitration of disagreements, and after five years the right of either party to end the agreement with one year's notice.<a href="#cite_note-justia1994-36">[36]</a> The main result of the 1982 agreement was that AMD became a second-source manufacturer of Intel's x86 microprocessors and related chips, and Intel provided AMD with database tapes for its <a href="/wiki/8086" class="mw-redirect" title="8086">8086</a>, <a href="/wiki/80186" class="mw-redirect" title="80186">80186</a>, and <a href="/wiki/80286" class="mw-redirect" title="80286">80286</a> chips.<a href="#cite_note-sec1996-37">[37]</a> However, in the event of a bankruptcy or takeover of AMD, the cross-licensing agreement would be effectively canceled.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Beginning in 1982, AMD began volume-producing second-source Intel-licensed 8086, 8088, 80186, and 80188 processors, and by 1984, its own <a href="/wiki/Am286" class="mw-redirect" title="Am286">Am286</a> clone of Intel's 80286 processor, for the rapidly growing market of IBM PCs and <a href="/wiki/IBM_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM clone">IBM clones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-singer-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> It also continued its successful concentration on proprietary <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor" title="Bipolar junction transistor">bipolar</a> chips.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The company continued to spend greatly on research and development,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> and created the world's first 512K <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a> in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> That year, AMD was listed in the book The 100 Best Companies to Work for in America,<a href="#cite_note-HittC26-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> and later made the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> list for the first time in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> By mid-1985, the microchip market experienced a severe downturn, mainly due to long-term aggressive trade practices (<a href="/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy)" title="Dumping (pricing policy)">dumping</a>) from Japan, but also due to a crowded and non-innovative chip market in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> AMD rode out the mid-1980s crisis by aggressively innovating and modernizing,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> devising the Liberty Chip program of designing and manufacturing one new chip or chipset per week for 52 weeks in <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 1986,<a href="#cite_note-HittC26-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and by heavily lobbying the U.S. government until sanctions and restrictions were put in place to prevent predatory Japanese pricing.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> During this time, AMD withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/DRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="DRAM">DRAM</a> market,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and made some headway into the <a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> market, which it had lagged in entering, having focused instead on bipolar chips.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> AMD had some success in the mid-1980s with the AMD7910 and AMD7911 "World Chip" <a href="/wiki/Frequency-shift_keying" title="Frequency-shift keying">FSK</a> modem, one of the first multi-standard devices that covered both Bell and <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">CCITT</a> tones at up to 1200 baud half duplex or 300/300 full duplex.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Beginning in 1986, AMD embraced the perceived shift toward <a href="/wiki/RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a> with their own <a href="/wiki/AMD_Am29000" title="AMD Am29000">AMD Am29000</a> (29k) processor;<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> the 29k survived as an <a href="/wiki/Embedded_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded processor">embedded processor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The company also increased its <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a> memory market share in the late 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Throughout the 1980s, AMD was a second-source supplier of Intel x86 processors. In 1991, it introduced its 386-compatible <a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a>, an AMD-designed chip. Creating its own chips, AMD began to compete directly with Intel.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> AMD had a large, successful <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> business, even during the <a href="/wiki/Dotcom_bust" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotcom bust">dotcom bust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 2003, to divest some manufacturing and aid its overall cash flow, which was under duress from aggressive microprocessor competition from Intel, AMD spun off its flash memory business and manufacturing into <a href="/wiki/Spansion" title="Spansion">Spansion</a>, a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, which had been co-manufacturing flash memory with AMD since 1993.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In December 2005, AMD divested itself of Spansion to focus on the microprocessor market, and Spansion went public in an IPO.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–present">2006–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006–present">edit</a>]</div> On July 24, 2006, AMD announced its acquisition of the Canadian 3D graphics card company <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI Technologies</a>. AMD paid $4.3 billion and 58 million shares of its <a href="/wiki/Capital_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital stock">capital stock</a>, for approximately $5.4 billion. The transaction was completed on October 25, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On August 30, 2010, AMD announced that it would retire the ATI brand name for its graphics chipsets in favor of the AMD brand name.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In October 2008, AMD announced plans to spin off manufacturing operations in the form of <a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries Inc.</a>, a multibillion-dollar joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Investment_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Technology Investment Company">Advanced Technology Investment Co.</a>, an investment company formed by the government of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>. The partnership and spin-off gave AMD an infusion of cash and allowed it to focus solely on chip design.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> To assure the Abu Dhabi investors of the new venture's success, AMD's CEO <a href="/wiki/Hector_Ruiz" title="Hector Ruiz">Hector Ruiz</a> stepped down in July 2008, while remaining executive chairman, in preparation for becoming chairman of GlobalFoundries in March 2009.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> President and COO <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Meyer" title="Dirk Meyer">Dirk Meyer</a> became AMD's CEO.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Recessionary losses necessitated AMD cutting 1,100 jobs in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In August 2011, AMD announced that former <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> executive <a href="/wiki/Rory_Read" title="Rory Read">Rory Read</a> would be joining the company as CEO, replacing Meyer.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In November 2011, AMD announced plans to lay off more than 10% (1,400) of its employees from across all divisions worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In October 2012, it announced plans to lay off an additional 15% of its workforce to reduce costs in the face of declining sales revenue.<a href="#cite_note-king2012-89">[89]</a> The inclusion of AMD chips into the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> were later seen as saving AMD from bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> AMD acquired the low-power server manufacturer <a href="/wiki/SeaMicro" title="SeaMicro">SeaMicro</a> in early 2012, with an eye to bringing out an <a href="/wiki/Arm64" class="mw-redirect" title="Arm64">Arm64</a> server chip.<a href="#cite_note-vance2012-92">[92]</a> On October 8, 2014, AMD announced that Rory Read had stepped down after three years as president and chief executive officer.<a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-93">[93]</a> He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Su" title="Lisa Su">Lisa Su</a>, a key lieutenant who had been chief operating officer since June.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On October 16, 2014, AMD announced a new restructuring plan along with its Q3 results. Effective July 1, 2014, AMD reorganized into two business groups: Computing and Graphics, which primarily includes desktop and notebook processors and chipsets, discrete GPUs, and professional graphics; and Enterprise, Embedded, and Semi-Custom, which primarily includes server and embedded processors, dense servers, semi-custom SoC products (including <a href="#Partnerships">solutions for gaming consoles</a>), engineering services, and royalties. As part of this restructuring, AMD announced that 7% of its global workforce would be laid off by the end of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> After the GlobalFoundries spin-off and subsequent layoffs, AMD was left with significant vacant space at 1 AMD Place, its aging Sunnyvale headquarters office complex. In August 2016, AMD's 47 years in Sunnyvale came to a close when it signed a lease with the <a href="/wiki/Irvine_Company" title="Irvine Company">Irvine Company</a> for a new 220,000 sq. ft. headquarters building in Santa Clara.<a href="#cite_note-DonatoWeinstein-96">[96]</a> AMD's new location at Santa Clara Square faces the headquarters of archrival Intel across the <a href="/wiki/Bayshore_Freeway" title="Bayshore Freeway">Bayshore Freeway</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Tomas_Aquino_Creek" title="San Tomas Aquino Creek">San Tomas Aquino Creek</a>. Around the same time, AMD also agreed to sell 1 AMD Place to the Irvine Company.<a href="#cite_note-SVBJ-97">[97]</a> In April 2019, the Irvine Company secured approval from the Sunnyvale City Council of its plans to demolish 1 AMD Place and redevelop the entire 32-acre site into townhomes and apartments.<a href="#cite_note-SVBJ-97">[97]</a> In October 2020, AMD announced that it was acquiring <a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a>, one of the market leaders in <a href="/wiki/Field_programmable_gate_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Field programmable gate array">field programmable gate arrays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device" title="Complex programmable logic device">complex programmable logic devices</a> (FPGAs and CPLDs) in an all-stock transaction. The acquisition was completed in February 2022, with an estimated acquisition price of $50 billion.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In October 2023, AMD acquired an open-source AI software provider, Nod.ai, to bolster its AI software ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-101">[101]</a> In January 2024, AMD announced it was discontinuing the production of all <a href="/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device" title="Complex programmable logic device">complex programmable logic devices</a> (CPLDs) acquired through Xilinx.<a href="#cite_note-cpld_eol-102">[102]</a> In March 2024, a rally in semiconductor stocks pushed AMD's valuation above $300B for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In July 2024 AMD announced that it would acquire the Finnish-based <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> startup company Silo AI in a $665 million all-cash deal in an attempt to better compete with AI chip market leader <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_CEOs">List of CEOs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of CEOs">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Years</th> <th>Position, education </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sanders_(businessman)" title="Jerry Sanders (businessman)">Jerry Sanders</a></td> <td>1969–2002</td> <td>Founder, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hector_Ruiz" title="Hector Ruiz">Hector Ruiz</a></td> <td>2002–2008</td> <td>Electrical engineer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Meyer" title="Dirk Meyer">Dirk Meyer</a></td> <td>2008–2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rory_Read" title="Rory Read">Rory Read</a></td> <td>2011–2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Information_Systems" title="Bachelor of Information Systems">Information Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Su" title="Lisa Su">Lisa Su</a></td> <td>2014–present</td> <td>Electrical engineer </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Products">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CPUs_and_APUs">CPUs and APUs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: CPUs and APUs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">List of AMD processors</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>AMD microprocessors</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_AMD_2901.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Am2900 series (1975)"><img alt="Zen 5 series (released 2024)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/KL_AMD_2901.jpg/95px-KL_AMD_2901.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/KL_AMD_2901.jpg/143px-KL_AMD_2901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/KL_AMD_2901.jpg/190px-KL_AMD_2901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="708" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Am2900" class="mw-redirect" title="Am2900">Am2900</a> series (1975)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AMD 29000 series (1987–1995)"><img alt="AMD 29000 series (1987–1995)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg/95px-AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg/143px-AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg/190px-AMD_Am29000-16GC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="678" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AMD_29000" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD 29000">AMD 29000</a> series (1987–1995)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Am386DX-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Am386 Amx86 series (1991–1995)"><img alt="Am386 Amx86 series (1991–1995)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Am386DX-40.jpg/95px-Am386DX-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Am386DX-40.jpg/143px-Am386DX-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Am386DX-40.jpg/190px-Am386DX-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="957" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a> Amx86 series (1991–1995)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="K5 architecture (1996)"><img alt="K5 architecture (1996)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg/95px-AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg/143px-AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg/190px-AMD_K5_PR166_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="649" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AMD_K5" title="AMD K5">K5 architecture</a> (1996)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-(K6-CPU).png" class="mw-file-description" title="K6 architecture (1997–2001)"><img alt="K6 architecture (1997–2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-%28K6-CPU%29.png/95px-Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-%28K6-CPU%29.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-%28K6-CPU%29.png/143px-Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-%28K6-CPU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-%28K6-CPU%29.png/190px-Ic-photo-AMD--AMD-K6-166ALR-%28K6-CPU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="997" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">K6 architecture</a> (1997–2001)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulldozer_640.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulldozer Series CPUs Bulldozer, Piledriver, Steamroller, Excavator (2011–2017)"><img alt="Bulldozer Series CPUs Bulldozer, Piledriver, Steamroller, Excavator (2011–2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bulldozer_640.jpg/88px-Bulldozer_640.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bulldozer_640.jpg/132px-Bulldozer_640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bulldozer_640.jpg/176px-Bulldozer_640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="695" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bulldozer_(microarchitecture)" title="Bulldozer (microarchitecture)">Bulldozer Series CPUs</a> Bulldozer, Piledriver, Steamroller, Excavator (2011–2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_CMC60.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bobcat series APUs Bobcat, Jaguar, Puma (2011–present)"><img alt="Bobcat series APUs Bobcat, Jaguar, Puma (2011–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMD_CMC60.jpg/95px-AMD_CMC60.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMD_CMC60.jpg/143px-AMD_CMC60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMD_CMC60.jpg/190px-AMD_CMC60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3355" data-file-height="2424" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bobcat_(microarchitecture)" title="Bobcat (microarchitecture)">Bobcat series APUs</a> Bobcat, Jaguar, Puma (2011–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zen core architecture (2017)"><img alt="Zen core architecture (2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg/95px-Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg/143px-Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg/190px-Ryzen_5_1600_CPU_on_a_motherboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zen_(first_generation)" title="Zen (first generation)">Zen</a> core architecture (2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zen 2 series (released 2019)"><img alt="Zen 2 series (released 2019)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg/95px-Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg/143px-Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg/190px-Amd_epyc_7302_top_side_with_carrier_IMGP3323_smial_wp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zen_2" title="Zen 2">Zen 2</a> series (released 2019)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zen 3 series (released 2020)"><img alt="Zen 3 series (released 2020)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg/95px-AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg/143px-AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg/190px-AMD_Ryzen_7_5800X_19339.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1948" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zen_3" title="Zen 3">Zen 3</a> series (released 2020)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zen 4 series (released 2022)"><img alt="Zen 4 series (released 2022)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg/95px-AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg/143px-AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg/190px-AMD_Ryzen_9_7900X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="3068" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zen_4" title="Zen 4">Zen 4</a> series (released 2022)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD@4nmCCD(6nmIOD)@Zen5@Granite_Ridge@Ryzen_5_9600X@100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zen 5 series (released 2024)"><img alt="Zen 5 series (released 2024)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AMD%404nmCCD%286nmIOD%29%40Zen5%40Granite_Ridge%40Ryzen_5_9600X%40100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg/95px-AMD%404nmCCD%286nmIOD%29%40Zen5%40Granite_Ridge%40Ryzen_5_9600X%40100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AMD%404nmCCD%286nmIOD%29%40Zen5%40Granite_Ridge%40Ryzen_5_9600X%40100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg/143px-AMD%404nmCCD%286nmIOD%29%40Zen5%40Granite_Ridge%40Ryzen_5_9600X%40100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AMD%404nmCCD%286nmIOD%29%40Zen5%40Granite_Ridge%40Ryzen_5_9600X%40100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg/190px-AMD%404nmCCD%286nmIOD%29%40Zen5%40Granite_Ridge%40Ryzen_5_9600X%40100-000001405_BY_2429SUY_9AEQ579S40073_DSCx01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2951" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zen_5" title="Zen 5">Zen 5</a> series (released 2024)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBM_PC_and_the_x86_architecture">IBM PC and the x86 architecture</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: IBM PC and the x86 architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Am286" class="mw-redirect" title="Am286">Am286</a>, <a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a>, <a href="/wiki/Am486" title="Am486">Am486</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Am5x86" title="Am5x86">Am5x86</a></div> In February 1982, AMD signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, becoming a licensed second-source manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a> processors. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> wanted to use the Intel 8088 in its <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>, but its policy at the time was to require at least two sources for its chips. AMD later produced the <a href="/wiki/Am286" class="mw-redirect" title="Am286">Am286</a> under the same arrangement. In 1984, Intel internally decided to no longer cooperate with AMD in supplying product information to shore up its advantage in the marketplace, and delayed and eventually refused to convey the technical details of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">Intel 80386</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In 1987, AMD invoked arbitration over the issue, and Intel reacted by canceling the 1982 technological-exchange agreement altogether.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> After three years of testimony, AMD eventually won in arbitration in 1992, but Intel disputed this decision. Another long legal dispute followed, ending in 1994 when the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> sided with the arbitrator and AMD.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In 1990, Intel countersued AMD, renegotiating AMD's right to use derivatives of Intel's <a href="/wiki/Microcode" title="Microcode">microcode</a> for its cloned processors.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In the face of uncertainty during the legal dispute, AMD was forced to develop <a href="/wiki/Clean_room_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean room design">clean room designed</a> versions of Intel code for its x386 and x486 processors, the former long after Intel had released its own x386 in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In March 1991, AMD released the <a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a>, its clone of the Intel 386 processor.<a href="#cite_note-HittC26-51">[51]</a> By October of the same year it had sold one million units.<a href="#cite_note-HittC26-51">[51]</a> In 1993, AMD introduced the first of the <a href="/wiki/Am486" title="Am486">Am486</a> family of processors,<a href="#cite_note-history-19">[19]</a> which proved popular with a large number of <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">original equipment manufacturers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>, which signed an exclusive agreement using the Am486.<a href="#cite_note-directory-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Am5x86" title="Am5x86">Am5x86</a>, another Am486-based processor, was released in November 1995, and continued AMD's success as a fast, cost-effective processor.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Finally, in an agreement effective 1996, AMD received the rights to the microcode in Intel's x386 and x486 processor families, but not the rights to the microcode in the following generations of processors.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="K5,_K6,_Athlon,_Duron,_and_Sempron">K5, K6, Athlon, Duron, and Sempron</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: K5, K6, Athlon, Duron, and Sempron">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/AMD_K5" title="AMD K5">AMD K5</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">AMD K6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duron" title="Duron">Duron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sempron" title="Sempron">Sempron</a></div> AMD's first in-house x86 processor was the <a href="/wiki/AMD_K5" title="AMD K5">K5</a>, launched in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-CPU-INFO_K5-118">[118]</a> The "K" in its name was a reference to <a href="/wiki/Kryptonite" title="Kryptonite">Kryptonite</a>, the only substance known to harm comic book character <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>. This itself was a reference to Intel's hegemony over the market, i.e., an anthropomorphization of them as Superman.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes-Chip-Names-119">[119]</a> The number "5" was a reference to the fifth generation of x86 processors; rival Intel had previously introduced its line of fifth-generation x86 processors as <a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> because the U.S. Trademark and Patent Office had ruled that mere numbers could not be trademarked.<a href="#cite_note-newyorker-120">[120]</a> In 1996, AMD purchased <a href="/wiki/NexGen" title="NexGen">NexGen</a>, specifically for the rights to their Nx series of x86-compatible processors. AMD gave the NexGen design team their own building, left them alone, and gave them time and money to rework the Nx686. The result was the <a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">K6</a> processor, introduced in 1997. Although it was based on <a href="/wiki/Socket_7" title="Socket 7">Socket 7</a>, variants such as <a href="/wiki/K6-III" class="mw-redirect" title="K6-III">K6-III</a>/450 were faster than Intel's <a href="/wiki/Pentium_II" title="Pentium II">Pentium II</a> (sixth-generation processor). The K7 was AMD's seventh-generation x86 processor, making its debut under the brand name <a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a> on June 23, 1999. Unlike previous AMD processors, it could not be used on the same motherboards as Intel's, due to licensing issues surrounding Intel's <a href="/wiki/Slot_1" title="Slot 1">Slot 1</a> connector, and instead used a <a href="/wiki/Slot_A" title="Slot A">Slot A</a> connector, referenced to the <a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a> processor bus. The <a href="/wiki/Duron" title="Duron">Duron</a> was a lower-cost and limited version of the Athlon (64 KB instead of 256 KB L2 cache) in a 462-pin <a href="/wiki/CPU_socket" title="CPU socket">socketed</a> <a href="/wiki/Pin_grid_array" title="Pin grid array">PGA</a> (socket A) or soldered directly onto the motherboard. <a href="/wiki/Sempron" title="Sempron">Sempron</a> was released as a lower-cost Athlon XP, replacing Duron in the <a href="/wiki/Socket_A" title="Socket A">socket A</a> PGA era. It has since been migrated upward to all new sockets, up to <a href="/wiki/AM3" class="mw-redirect" title="AM3">AM3</a>. On October 9, 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Athlon_XP" class="mw-redirect" title="Athlon XP">Athlon XP</a> was released. On February 10, 2003, the Athlon XP with 512 KB L2 Cache was released.<a href="#cite_note-The_AMD_Athlon_XP_Processor_with_512_KB_L2_Cache-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Athlon_64,_Opteron,_and_Phenom">Athlon 64, Opteron, and Phenom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Athlon 64, Opteron, and Phenom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64" title="Athlon 64">Athlon 64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AMD_Phenom" title="AMD Phenom">Phenom</a></div> The K8 was a major revision of the K7 architecture, with the most notable features being the addition of a <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> extension to the x86 instruction set (called <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, AMD64, or x64), the incorporation of an on-chip memory controller, and the implementation of an extremely high-performance point-to-point interconnect called <a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect Architecture">Direct Connect Architecture</a>. The technology was initially launched as the <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> server-oriented processor on April 22, 2003.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Shortly thereafter, it was incorporated into a product for desktop PCs, branded <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64" title="Athlon 64">Athlon 64</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On April 21, 2005, AMD released the first <a href="/wiki/Multi-core_processor" title="Multi-core processor">dual-core</a> <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a>, an x86-based server CPU.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> A month later, it released the <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64_X2" title="Athlon 64 X2">Athlon 64 X2</a>, the first desktop-based <a href="/wiki/Multi-core_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-core (computing)">dual-core processor</a> family.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In May 2007, AMD abandoned the string "64" in its dual-core desktop product branding, becoming Athlon X2, downplaying the significance of <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">64-bit computing</a> in its processors. Further updates involved improvements to the microarchitecture, and a shift of the target market from mainstream desktop systems to value dual-core desktop systems. In 2008, AMD started to release dual-core Sempron processors exclusively in China, branded as the Sempron 2000 series, with lower HyperTransport speed and smaller L2 cache. AMD completed its dual-core product portfolio for each market segment. In September 2007, AMD released the first server Opteron <a href="/wiki/AMD_K10" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD K10">K10</a> processors,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> followed in November by the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Phenom" title="AMD Phenom">Phenom</a> processor for desktop. K10 processors came in dual-core, <a href="/wiki/Multi-core" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-core">triple-core</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multi-core" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-core">quad-core</a> versions, with all cores on a single die. AMD released a new platform codenamed "<a href="/wiki/AMD_Spider" title="AMD Spider">Spider</a>", which used the new Phenom processor, as well as an R770 GPU and a 790 GX/FX chipset from the <a href="/wiki/AMD_700_chipset_series" title="AMD 700 chipset series">AMD 700 chipset series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hothardware-128">[128]</a> However, AMD built the Spider at <a href="/wiki/65nm" class="mw-redirect" title="65nm">65nm</a>, which was uncompetitive with Intel's smaller and more power-efficient <a href="/wiki/45nm" class="mw-redirect" title="45nm">45nm</a>. In January 2009, AMD released a new processor line dubbed <a href="/wiki/Phenom_II" title="Phenom II">Phenom II</a>, a refresh of the original <a href="/wiki/AMD_Phenom" title="AMD Phenom">Phenom</a> built using the 45 nm process.<a href="#cite_note-anandtech3512-129">[129]</a> AMD's new platform, codenamed "<a href="/wiki/AMD_Dragon" title="AMD Dragon">Dragon</a>", used the new Phenom II processor, and an <a href="/wiki/ATI_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="ATI (brand)">ATI</a> R770 GPU from the <a href="/wiki/Radeon_R700" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon R700">R700</a> GPU family, as well as a 790 GX/FX chipset from the <a href="/wiki/AMD_700_chipset_series" title="AMD 700 chipset series">AMD 700 chipset series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The Phenom II came in dual-core, triple-core and quad-core variants, all using the same die, with cores disabled for the triple-core and dual-core versions. The Phenom II resolved issues that the original Phenom had, including a low clock speed, a small L3 cache, and a <a href="/wiki/Cool%27n%27Quiet" title="Cool'n'Quiet">Cool'n'Quiet</a> bug that decreased performance. The Phenom II cost less but was not performance-competitive with Intel's mid-to-high-range <a href="/wiki/Core_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Core 2">Core 2</a> Quads. The Phenom II also enhanced its predecessor's memory controller, allowing it to use <a href="/wiki/DDR3" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR3">DDR3</a> in a new native socket <a href="/wiki/AM3" class="mw-redirect" title="AM3">AM3</a>, while maintaining backward compatibility with <a href="/wiki/AM2%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="AM2+">AM2+</a>, the socket used for the Phenom, and allowing the use of the <a href="/wiki/DDR2_SDRAM" title="DDR2 SDRAM">DDR2</a> memory that was used with the platform. In April 2010, AMD released a new Phenom II Hexa-core (6-core) processor codenamed "<a href="/wiki/Phenom_X6" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenom X6">Thuban</a>".<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> This was a totally new die based on the hexa-core "Istanbul" <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> processor. It included AMD's "turbo core" technology, which allows the processor to automatically switch from 6 cores to 3 faster cores when more pure speed is needed. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Opteron_microprocessors#Opteron_6100-series_"Magny-Cours"_(45_nm)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD Opteron microprocessors">Magny Cours</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Opteron_microprocessors#Opteron_4100-series_"Lisbon"_(45_nm)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD Opteron microprocessors">Lisbon</a> server parts were released in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Opteron6100Series-132">[132]</a> The Magny Cours part came in 8 to 12 cores and the Lisbon part in 4 and 6 core parts. Magny Cours is focused on performance while the Lisbon part is focused on high performance per watt. Magny Cours is an MCM (<a href="/wiki/Multi-chip_module" title="Multi-chip module">multi-chip module</a>) with two hexa-core "Istanbul" <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> parts. This will use a new <a href="/wiki/Socket_G34" title="Socket G34">socket G34</a> for dual and quad-socket processors and thus will be marketed as Opteron 61xx series processors. Lisbon uses <a href="/wiki/Socket_C32" title="Socket C32">socket C32</a> certified for dual-socket use or single socket use only and thus will be marketed as Opteron 41xx processors. Both will be built on a <a href="/wiki/45_nm" class="mw-redirect" title="45 nm">45 nm</a> <a href="/wiki/Silicon_on_insulator" title="Silicon on insulator">SOI</a> process. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fusion_becomes_the_AMD_APU">Fusion becomes the AMD APU</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fusion becomes the AMD APU">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/AMD_APU" title="AMD APU">AMD APU</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD_mobile_platform" title="AMD mobile platform">AMD mobile platform</a></div> Following AMD's 2006 acquisition of Canadian graphics company <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI Technologies</a>, an initiative codenamed Fusion was announced to integrate a <a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> and <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPU</a> together on some of AMD's microprocessors, including a built in <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> link to accommodate separate PCI Express peripherals, eliminating the <a href="/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)" title="Northbridge (computing)">northbridge</a> chip from the motherboard. The initiative intended to move some of the processing originally done on the CPU (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">floating-point unit</a> operations) to the GPU, which is better optimized for some calculations. The Fusion was later renamed the <a href="/wiki/AMD_APU" title="AMD APU">AMD APU</a> (Accelerated Processing Unit).<a href="#cite_note-APU-133">[133]</a> Llano was AMD's first APU built for laptops. Llano was the second APU released,<a href="#cite_note-Hruska-134">[134]</a> targeted at the mainstream market.<a href="#cite_note-APU-133">[133]</a> It incorporated a CPU and GPU on the same die, as well as northbridge functions, and used "<a href="/wiki/Socket_FM1" title="Socket FM1">Socket FM1</a>" with <a href="/wiki/DDR3" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR3">DDR3</a> memory. The CPU part of the processor was based on the <a href="/wiki/Phenom_II" title="Phenom II">Phenom II</a> "Deneb" processor. AMD suffered an unexpected decrease in revenue based on production problems for the Llano.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> More AMD APUs for laptops running Windows 7 and Windows 8 OS are being used commonly. These include AMD's price-point APUs, the E1 and E2, and their mainstream competitors with Intel's <a href="/wiki/Core_i" class="mw-redirect" title="Core i">Core i</a>-series: The Vision A- series, the A standing for accelerated. These range from the lower-performance A4 chipset to the A6, A8, and A10. These all incorporate next-generation Radeon graphics cards, with the A4 utilizing the base Radeon HD chip and the rest using a Radeon R4 graphics card, with the exception of the highest-model A10 (A10-7300) which uses an R6 graphics card. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_microarchitectures">New microarchitectures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New microarchitectures">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="High-power,_high-performance_Bulldozer_cores">High-power, high-performance Bulldozer cores</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: High-power, high-performance Bulldozer cores">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bulldozer_(microarchitecture)" title="Bulldozer (microarchitecture)">Bulldozer microarchitecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piledriver_(microarchitecture)" title="Piledriver (microarchitecture)">Piledriver microarchitecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steamroller_(microarchitecture)" title="Steamroller (microarchitecture)">Steamroller microarchitecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Excavator_(microarchitecture)" title="Excavator (microarchitecture)">Excavator microarchitecture</a></div> Bulldozer was AMD's microarchitecture codename for server and desktop <a href="/wiki/AMD_FX" title="AMD FX">AMD FX</a> processors, first released on October 12, 2011. This <a href="/wiki/Zen_4" title="Zen 4">family 15h microarchitecture</a> is the successor to the <a href="/wiki/AMD_10h" title="AMD 10h">family 10h (K10)</a> microarchitecture design. Bulldozer was a clean-sheet design, not a development of earlier processors.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The core was specifically aimed at 10–125 W <a href="/wiki/Thermal_Design_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal Design Power">TDP</a> computing products. AMD claimed dramatic performance-per-watt efficiency improvements in <a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">high-performance computing</a> (HPC) applications with Bulldozer cores. While hopes were high that Bulldozer would bring AMD to be performance-competitive with Intel once more, most benchmarks were disappointing. In some cases the new Bulldozer products were slower than the K10 models they were built to replace.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Piledriver_(microarchitecture)" title="Piledriver (microarchitecture)">Piledriver microarchitecture</a> was the 2012 successor to Bulldozer, increasing clock speeds and performance relative to its predecessor.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Piledriver would be released in AMD FX, APU, and Opteron product lines.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Piledriver was subsequently followed by the <a href="/wiki/Steamroller_(microarchitecture)" title="Steamroller (microarchitecture)">Steamroller microarchitecture</a> in 2013. Used exclusively in AMD's APUs, Steamroller focused on greater parallelism.<a href="#cite_note-anandtech-kaveri-review-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Excavator_(microarchitecture)" title="Excavator (microarchitecture)">Excavator microarchitecture</a> replaced Piledriver.<a href="#cite_note-PCWorld-147">[147]</a> Expected to be the last microarchitecture of the Bulldozer series,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Excavator focused on improved power efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Low-power_Cat_cores">Low-power Cat cores</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Low-power Cat cores">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bobcat_(microarchitecture)" title="Bobcat (microarchitecture)">Bobcat microarchitecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(microarchitecture)" title="Jaguar (microarchitecture)">Jaguar microarchitecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puma_(microarchitecture)" title="Puma (microarchitecture)">Puma microarchitecture</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Bobcat_(microarchitecture)" title="Bobcat (microarchitecture)">Bobcat microarchitecture</a> was revealed during a speech from AMD executive vice-president Henri Richard in <a href="/wiki/Computex" title="Computex">Computex</a> 2007 and was put into production during the first quarter of 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Hruska-134">[134]</a> Based on the difficulty competing in the x86 market with a single core optimized for the 10–100 W range, AMD had developed a simpler core with a target range of 1–10 watts.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In addition, it was believed that the core could migrate into the hand-held space if the power consumption can be reduced to less than 1 W.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(microarchitecture)" title="Jaguar (microarchitecture)">Jaguar</a> is a microarchitecture codename for Bobcat's successor, released in 2013, that is used in various APUs from AMD aimed at the low-power/low-cost market.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Jaguar and its derivates would go on to be used in the custom APUs of the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMD_elaborate-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a>,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-JaguarAnandtech-157">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation 4 Pro">PlayStation 4 Pro</a>,<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anandtech-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox One S">Xbox One S</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox One X">Xbox One X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica.com-163">[163]</a> Jaguar would be later followed by the <a href="/wiki/Puma_(microarchitecture)" title="Puma (microarchitecture)">Puma microarchitecture</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="ARM_architecture-based_designs">ARM architecture-based designs</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: ARM architecture-based designs">edit</a>]</div> In 2012, AMD announced it was working on <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a> products, both as a semi-custom product and server product.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The initial server product was announced as the <a href="/wiki/Opteron_A1100" class="mw-redirect" title="Opteron A1100">Opteron A1100</a> in 2014, an 8-core <a href="/wiki/Cortex-A57" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortex-A57">Cortex-A57</a>-based <a href="/wiki/ARMv8-A" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv8-A">ARMv8-A</a> <a href="/wiki/System_on_a_Chip" class="mw-redirect" title="System on a Chip">SoC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> and was expected to be followed by an APU incorporating a <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next" title="Graphics Core Next">Graphics Core Next</a> GPU.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> However, the Opteron A1100 was not released until 2016, with the delay attributed to adding software support.<a href="#cite_note-a1100_release-171">[171]</a> The A1100 was also criticized for not having support from major vendors upon its release.<a href="#cite_note-a1100_release-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In 2014, AMD also announced the <a href="/wiki/AMD_K12" title="AMD K12">K12</a> custom core for release in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> While being <a href="/wiki/ARMv8-A" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv8-A">ARMv8-A</a> <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">instruction set architecture</a> compliant, the K12 was expected to be entirely custom-designed, targeting the server, embedded, and semi-custom markets. While ARM architecture development continued, products based on K12 were subsequently delayed with no release planned. Development of AMD's x86-based Zen microarchitecture was preferred.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zen-based_CPUs_and_APUs">Zen-based CPUs and APUs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Zen-based CPUs and APUs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)" title="Zen (microarchitecture)">Zen microarchitecture</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)" title="Zen (microarchitecture)">Zen</a> is an architecture for x86-64 based <a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a> series of CPUs and APUs, introduced in 2017 by AMD and built from the ground up by a team led by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Keller_(engineer)" title="Jim Keller (engineer)">Jim Keller</a>, beginning with his arrival in 2012, and <a href="/wiki/Tape-out" title="Tape-out">taping out</a> before his departure in September 2015. One of AMD's primary goals with Zen was an <a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle" title="Instructions per cycle">IPC</a> increase of at least 40%, however in February 2017 AMD announced that they had actually achieved a 52% increase.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Processors made on the Zen architecture are built on the 14 nm FinFET node and have a renewed focus on single-core performance and <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_System_Architecture" title="Heterogeneous System Architecture">HSA</a> compatibility.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Previous processors from AMD were either built in the 32 nm process ("Bulldozer" and "Piledriver" CPUs) or the 28 nm process ("Steamroller" and "Excavator" APUs). Because of this, Zen is much more energy efficient. The Zen architecture is the first to encompass CPUs and APUs from AMD built for a single socket (Socket AM4). Also new for this architecture is the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_multithreading" title="Simultaneous multithreading">simultaneous multithreading</a> (SMT) technology, something Intel has had for years on some of their processors with their proprietary <a href="/wiki/Hyper-threading" title="Hyper-threading">hyper-threading</a> implementation of SMT. This is a departure from the "<a href="/wiki/Clustered_multi-thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Clustered multi-thread">Clustered MultiThreading</a>" design introduced with the Bulldozer architecture. Zen also has support for <a href="/wiki/DDR4_SDRAM" title="DDR4 SDRAM">DDR4</a> memory. AMD released the Zen-based high-end Ryzen 7 "Summit Ridge" series CPUs on March 2, 2017,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> mid-range Ryzen 5 series CPUs on April 11, 2017, and entry level Ryzen 3 series CPUs on July 27, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-zen_ars-180">[180]</a> AMD later released the <a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a> line of Zen derived server processors for 1P and 2P systems.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In October 2017, AMD released Zen-based APUs as Ryzen Mobile, incorporating <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next#GCN_5th_Generation_(Vega)" title="Graphics Core Next">Vega</a> graphics cores.<a href="#cite_note-RM_AT-182">[182]</a> In January 2018 AMD has announced their new lineup plans, with Ryzen 2.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> AMD launched CPUs with the <a href="/wiki/Zen%2B" title="Zen+">12nm Zen+</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> microarchitecture in April 2018, following up with the <a href="/wiki/Zen_2" title="Zen 2">7nm Zen 2</a> microarchitecture in June 2019, including an update to the Epyc line with new processors using the Zen 2 microarchitecture in August 2019, and Zen 3 slated for release in Q3 2020. As of 2019, AMD's Ryzen processors were reported to outsell Intel's consumer desktop processors.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> At CES 2020 AMD announced their Ryzen Mobile 4000, as the first 7 nm x86 mobile processor,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">vague</a>] the first 7 nm 8-core (also 16-thread) high-performance mobile processor, and the first 8-core (also 16-thread) processor for ultrathin laptops.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> This generation is still based on the Zen 2 architecture. In October 2020, AMD announced new processors based on the Zen 3 architecture.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> On PassMark's Single thread performance test the Ryzen 5 5600x bested all other CPUs besides the Ryzen 9 5950X.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In April 2020, AMD launched three new SKUs which target commercial HPC workloads & hyperconverged infrastructure applications. The launch was based on <a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a>’s 7 nm second-generation Rome platform and supported by <a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nutanix" title="Nutanix">Nutanix</a>. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a> was its first public cloud partner.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In August 2022, AMD announced their initial lineup of CPUs based on the new <a href="/wiki/Zen_4" title="Zen 4">Zen 4</a> architecture.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a>,<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X and Series S</a> all use chips based on the Zen 2 microarchitecture, with proprietary tweaks and different configurations in each system's implementation than AMD sells in its own commercially available APUs.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphics_products_and_GPUs">Graphics products and GPUs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Graphics products and GPUs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radeon_Pro" title="Radeon Pro">Radeon Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radeon_Instinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon Instinct">Radeon Instinct</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">list of AMD graphics processing units</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>AMD graphics processing units</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon R200 series (2001)"><img alt="Radeon R200 series (2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png/95px-ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png/143px-ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png/190px-ATI_Radeon_8500_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="391" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_R200" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon R200">Radeon R200</a> series (2001)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon R500 (2005)"><img alt="Radeon R500 (2005)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg/95px-ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg/143px-ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg/190px-ATI_Radeon_X1300_256MB-5388.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4676" data-file-height="3116" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_X1000_series" title="Radeon X1000 series">Radeon R500</a> (2005)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon HD 2000 series (2007a)"><img alt="Radeon HD 2000 series (2007a)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg/95px-Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg/143px-Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg/190px-Sapphire_ATI_Radeon_HD_2400_XT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_2000_series" title="Radeon HD 2000 series">Radeon HD 2000 series</a> (2007a)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ati_3870_X2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon HD 3000 series (2007b)"><img alt="Radeon HD 3000 series (2007b)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ati_3870_X2.jpg/95px-Ati_3870_X2.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ati_3870_X2.jpg/143px-Ati_3870_X2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ati_3870_X2.jpg/190px-Ati_3870_X2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="853" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_3000_series" title="Radeon HD 3000 series">Radeon HD 3000 series</a> (2007b)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon HD 4000 series (2008)"><img alt="Radeon HD 4000 series (2008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg/95px-ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg/143px-ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg/190px-ATI_Radeon_HD_4770_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="594" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_4000_series" title="Radeon HD 4000 series">Radeon HD 4000 series</a> (2008)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon HD 5000 series (2009)"><img alt="Radeon HD 5000 series (2009)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg/95px-ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg/143px-ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg/190px-ATI_Radeon_HD_5970_Graphics_Card-oblique_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="345" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_5000_series" title="Radeon HD 5000 series">Radeon HD 5000 series</a> (2009)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Radeon_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon HD 6000 series (2010)"><img alt="Radeon HD 6000 series (2010)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/AMD_Radeon_logo.svg/95px-AMD_Radeon_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/AMD_Radeon_logo.svg/143px-AMD_Radeon_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/AMD_Radeon_logo.svg/190px-AMD_Radeon_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="114" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_6000_series" title="Radeon HD 6000 series">Radeon HD 6000 series</a> (2010)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon HD 7000 series (2012)"><img alt="Radeon HD 7000 series (2012)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg/95px-Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg/143px-Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg/190px-Sapphire-Radeon-HD-7750.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3090" data-file-height="2520" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_7000_series" title="Radeon HD 7000 series">Radeon HD 7000 series</a> (2012)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon Rx 200 series (2013)"><img alt="Radeon Rx 200 series (2013)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg/95px-Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg/143px-Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg/190px-Sapphire_Radeon_R9_290X-front_oblique_PNr%C2%B00437.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3436" data-file-height="2354" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_Rx_200_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon Rx 200 series">Radeon Rx 200 series</a> (2013)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon RX 400 series (2016)"><img alt="Radeon RX 400 series (2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png/95px-AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png/143px-AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png/190px-AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="142" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_400_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon RX 400 series">Radeon RX 400 series</a> (2016)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon RX 500 series (2016)"><img alt="Radeon RX 500 series (2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png/95px-AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png/143px-AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png/190px-AMD_Radeon_logo_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="142" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_500_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon RX 500 series">Radeon RX 500 series</a> (2016)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon RX Vega series (2017)"><img alt="Radeon RX Vega series (2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png/95px-AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png/143px-AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png/190px-AMD_Radeon_RX_Vega_Series_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="113" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_Vega_series" title="Radeon RX Vega series">Radeon RX Vega series</a> (2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Radeon_RX_5000_logo,_infobox_edit.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon RX 5000 series (2019)"><img alt="Radeon RX 5000 series (2019)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Radeon_RX_5000_logo%2C_infobox_edit.png/95px-Radeon_RX_5000_logo%2C_infobox_edit.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Radeon_RX_5000_logo%2C_infobox_edit.png/143px-Radeon_RX_5000_logo%2C_infobox_edit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Radeon_RX_5000_logo%2C_infobox_edit.png/190px-Radeon_RX_5000_logo%2C_infobox_edit.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="333" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_5000_series" title="Radeon RX 5000 series">Radeon RX 5000 series</a> (2019)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125px; height: 125px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Radeon RX 7000 series (2022)"><img alt="Radeon RX 7000 series (2022)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG/95px-Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG/143px-Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG/190px-Sapphire_AMD_radeon_rx_7900_xtx.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5956" data-file-height="3728" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_7000_series" title="Radeon RX 7000 series">Radeon RX 7000 series</a> (2022)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ATI_prior_to_AMD_acquisition">ATI prior to AMD acquisition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: ATI prior to AMD acquisition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI Technologies</a></div> Lee Ka Lau,<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Francis Lau, Benny Lau, and Kwok Yuen Ho<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> founded ATI in 1985 as Array Technology Inc.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Working primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEM</a> field, ATI produced integrated graphics cards for PC manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a>. By 1987, ATI had grown into an independent graphics-card retailer, introducing EGA Wonder and VGA Wonder card product lines that year.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In the early nineties, they released products able to process graphics without the CPU: in May 1991, the Mach8, in 1992 the Mach32, which offered improved memory bandwidth and <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> acceleration. ATI Technologies Inc. went public in 1993, with shares listed on <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg/220px-Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg/330px-Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg/440px-Atitechnologiessiliconvalley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption>ATI's former Silicon Valley office at 4555 Great America Pkwy, Santa Clara, CA</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf/220px-ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf/330px-ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf/440px-ATI_Hercules_Card_1986.xcf.png 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption>ATI "Graphics Solution Rev 3" from 1985/1986, supporting <a href="/wiki/Hercules_Graphics_Card" title="Hercules Graphics Card">Hercules</a> graphics. As the <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">PCB</a> reveals, the layout dates from 1985, whereas the marking on the central chip CW16800-A says "8639"—meaning that chip was manufactured in week 39, 1986. Notice <a href="/wiki/Motorola_6845" title="Motorola 6845">UM6845E CRT controller</a>. This card uses the <a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA 8-bit interface</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATI_Wonder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/ATI_Wonder.jpg/220px-ATI_Wonder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/ATI_Wonder.jpg/330px-ATI_Wonder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/ATI_Wonder.jpg/440px-ATI_Wonder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1301" /></a><figcaption>ATI VGA Wonder with 256 KB RAM</figcaption></figure> In 1994, the Mach64 accelerator debuted, powering the Graphics Xpression and Graphics Pro Turbo, offering hardware support for <a href="/wiki/YUV" class="mw-redirect" title="YUV">YUV</a>-to-<a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> <a href="/wiki/Colour_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour space">colour space</a> conversion in addition to hardware zoom; early techniques of hardware-based video acceleration. ATI introduced its first combination of 2D and <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a> accelerator under the name <a href="/wiki/ATI_Rage" title="ATI Rage">3D Rage</a>. This chip was based on the Mach 64, but it featured elemental 3D acceleration. The ATI Rage line powered almost the entire range of ATI graphics products. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/ATI_Rage" title="ATI Rage">Rage Pro</a> was one of the first viable 2D-plus-3D alternatives to <a href="/wiki/3dfx_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="3dfx Interactive">3dfx</a>'s 3D-only Voodoo chipset. 3D acceleration in the Rage line advanced from the basic functionality within the initial 3D Rage to a more advanced <a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX 6.0</a> accelerator in 1999 <a href="/wiki/ATI_Rage" title="ATI Rage">Rage 128</a>. The <a href="/wiki/All-in-Wonder" title="All-in-Wonder">All-in-Wonder</a> product line, introduced in 1996, was the first combination of integrated graphics chip with <a href="/wiki/TV_tuner_card" title="TV tuner card">TV tuner card</a> and the first chip that enabled display of computer graphics on a TV set.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> The cards featured 3D acceleration powered by ATI's 3D Rage II, 64-bit 2D performance, TV-quality video acceleration, analogue video capture, TV tuner functionality, flicker-free TV-out and stereo TV audio reception. ATI entered the mobile computing sector by introducing 3D-graphics acceleration to laptops in 1996. The Mobility product line had to meet requirements different from those of desktop PCs, such as minimized power usage, reduced heat output, <a href="/wiki/Transition_Minimized_Differential_Signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition Minimized Differential Signaling">TMDS</a> output capabilities for laptop screens, and maximized integration. In 1997, ATI acquired <a href="/wiki/Tseng_Labs" title="Tseng Labs">Tseng Labs</a>'s graphics assets, which included 40 engineers. The <a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a> line of graphics products was unveiled in 2000. The initial Radeon <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">graphics processing unit</a> offered an all-new design with DirectX 7.0 3D acceleration, video acceleration, and 2D acceleration. Technology developed for a specific Radeon generation could be built in varying levels of features and performance in order to provide products suited for the entire market range, from high-end to budget to mobile versions. In 2000, ATI acquired <a href="/wiki/ArtX" title="ArtX">ArtX</a>, which engineered the <a href="/wiki/GameCube#Graphics_Processing_Unit_and_System_Chipset" title="GameCube">Flipper</a> graphics chip used in the <a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a> video game console. They also created a modified version of the chip (codenamed <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(graphics_chip)" title="Hollywood (graphics chip)">Hollywood</a>) for the successor of the GameCube, the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> contracted ATI to design the graphics core (codenamed <a href="/wiki/Xenos_(graphics_chip)" title="Xenos (graphics chip)">Xenos</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>. Later in 2005, ATI acquired <a href="/wiki/Terayon%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Terayon's">Terayon's</a> cable modem <a href="/wiki/Silicon_intellectual_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon intellectual property">silicon intellectual property</a>, strengthening their lead in the consumer digital television market.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> K. Y. Ho remained as Chairman of the Board until he retired in November 2005. <a href="/wiki/David_E._Orton" title="David E. Orton">Dave Orton</a> replaced him as the President and CEO of the organization. On July 24, 2006, a joint announcement revealed that <a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a> would <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">acquire</a> ATI in a deal valued at $5.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The acquisition consideration closed on October 25, 2006,<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> and included over $2 billion financed from a loan and 56 million shares of AMD stock.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> ATI's operations became part of the AMD Graphics Product Group (GPG),<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> and ATI's CEO Dave Orton became the Executive Vice President of Visual and Media Businesses at AMD until his resignation in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The top-level management was reorganized with the Senior Vice President and General Manager, and the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Consumer Electronics Group, both of whom would report to the CEO of AMD.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> On 30 August 2010, John Trikola announced that AMD would retire the ATI brand for its graphics chipsets in favour of the AMD name.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radeon_within_AMD">Radeon within AMD</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Radeon within AMD">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a></div> In 2008, the ATI division of AMD released the <a href="/wiki/TeraScale_(microarchitecture)" title="TeraScale (microarchitecture)">TeraScale microarchitecture</a> implementing a <a href="/wiki/Unified_shader_model" title="Unified shader model">unified shader model</a>. This design replaced the previous fixed-function hardware of previous graphics cards with multipurpose, programmable shaders. Initially released as part of the GPU for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>, this technology would go on to be used in Radeon branded HD 2000 parts. Three generations of TeraScale would be designed and used in parts from 2008 to 2014. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Combined_GPU_and_CPU_divisions">Combined GPU and CPU divisions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Combined GPU and CPU divisions">edit</a>]</div> In a 2009 restructuring, AMD merged the CPU and GPU divisions to support the company's APUs, which fused both graphics and general purpose processing.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In 2011, AMD released the successor to TeraScale, <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next" title="Graphics Core Next">Graphics Core Next</a> (GCN).<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> This new microarchitecture emphasized <a href="/wiki/GPGPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPGPU">GPGPU</a> compute capability in addition to graphics processing, with a particular aim of supporting heterogeneous computing on AMD's APUs. GCN's <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">reduced instruction set</a> <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">ISA</a> allowed for significantly increased compute capability over TeraScale's <a href="/wiki/Very_long_instruction_word" title="Very long instruction word">very long instruction word</a> ISA. Since GCN's introduction with the <a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_7000_series" title="Radeon HD 7000 series">HD 7970</a>, five generations of the GCN architecture have been produced from 2008 through at least 2017.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radeon_Technologies_Group">Radeon Technologies Group</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Radeon Technologies Group">edit</a>]</div> In September 2015, AMD separated the graphics technology division of the company into an independent internal unit called the Radeon Technologies Group (RTG) headed by <a href="/wiki/Raja_Koduri" title="Raja Koduri">Raja Koduri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> This gave the graphics division of AMD autonomy in product design and marketing.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The RTG then went on to create and release the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Polaris" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Polaris">Polaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next#Vega" title="Graphics Core Next">Vega</a> microarchitectures released in 2016 and 2017, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In particular the Vega, or fifth-generation <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next" title="Graphics Core Next">GCN</a>, microarchitecture includes a number of major revisions to improve performance and compute capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> In November 2017, Raja Koduri left RTG<a href="#cite_note-Hexus_Net-219">[219]</a> and CEO and President Lisa Su took his position. In January 2018, it was reported that two industry veterans joined RTG, namely <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Rayfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Rayfield (page does not exist)">Mike Rayfield</a> as senior vice president and general manager of RTG, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Wang_(executive)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Wang (executive) (page does not exist)">David Wang</a> as senior vice president of engineering for RTG.<a href="#cite_note-hexus.net-220">[220]</a> In January 2020, AMD announced that its second-generation <a href="/wiki/RDNA_(microarchitecture)" title="RDNA (microarchitecture)">RDNA</a> graphics architecture was in development, with the aim of competing with the <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_RTX" title="Nvidia RTX">RTX</a> graphics products for performance leadership. In October 2020, AMD announced their new <a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_6000_series" title="Radeon RX 6000 series">RX 6000</a> series<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> series GPUs, their first high-end product based on RDNA2 and capable of handling ray-tracing natively, aiming to challenge Nvidia's RTX 3000 GPUs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semi-custom_and_game_console_products">Semi-custom and game console products</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Semi-custom and game console products">edit</a>]</div> In 2012, AMD's then CEO <a href="/wiki/Rory_Read" title="Rory Read">Rory Read</a> began a program to offer semi-custom designs.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Rather than AMD simply designing and offering a single product, potential customers could work with AMD to design a custom chip based on AMD's intellectual property. Customers pay a non-recurring engineering fee for design and development, and a purchase price for the resulting semi-custom products. In particular, AMD noted their unique position of offering both x86 and graphics intellectual property. These semi-custom designs would have design wins as the APUs in the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> and the subsequent PlayStation 4 Pro, Xbox One S, Xbox One X, <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X/S</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a>.<a href="#cite_note-XboxSeriesS-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-XboxSeriesX-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-PS5Specs-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anandtech-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica.com-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-XboxOneMay2013Anandtechcomparison-227">[227]</a> Financially, these semi-custom products would represent a majority of the company's revenue in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In November 2017, AMD and Intel announced that Intel would market a product combining in a single package an <a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Intel Core</a> CPU, a semi-custom AMD Radeon GPU, and <a href="/wiki/HBM2" class="mw-redirect" title="HBM2">HBM2</a> memory.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_hardware">Other hardware</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other hardware">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="AMD_motherboard_chipsets">AMD motherboard chipsets</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: AMD motherboard chipsets">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_AMD_chipsets" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of AMD chipsets">Comparison of AMD chipsets</a></div> Before the launch of <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64" title="Athlon 64">Athlon 64</a> processors in 2003, AMD designed <a href="/wiki/Chipset" title="Chipset">chipsets</a> for their processors spanning the <a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">K6</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD_K7" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD K7">K7</a> processor generations. The chipsets include the AMD-640, AMD-751, and the AMD-761 chipsets. The situation changed in 2003 with the release of Athlon 64 processors, and AMD chose not to further design its own chipsets for its desktop processors while opening the desktop platform to allow other firms to design chipsets. This was the "<a href="/wiki/Open_Platform_Management_Architecture" title="Open Platform Management Architecture">Open Platform Management Architecture</a>" with <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI</a>, <a href="/wiki/VIA_Technologies" title="VIA Technologies">VIA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Integrated_Systems" title="Silicon Integrated Systems">SiS</a> developing their own chipset for <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64" title="Athlon 64">Athlon 64</a> processors and later <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64_X2" title="Athlon 64 X2">Athlon 64 X2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athlon_64_FX" class="mw-redirect" title="Athlon 64 FX">Athlon 64 FX</a> processors, including the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Quad_FX_platform" title="AMD Quad FX platform">Quad FX platform</a> chipset from Nvidia. The initiative went further with the release of <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> server processors as AMD stopped the design of server chipsets in 2004 after releasing the AMD-8111 chipset, and again opened the server platform for firms to develop chipsets for Opteron processors. As of today,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] Nvidia and <a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a> are the sole designing firms of server chipsets for Opteron processors. As the company completed the acquisition of ATI Technologies in 2006, the firm gained the ATI design team for chipsets which previously designed the <a href="/wiki/Xpress_200" title="Xpress 200">Radeon Xpress 200</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Xpress_3200" title="Xpress 3200">Radeon Xpress 3200</a> chipsets. AMD then renamed the chipsets for AMD processors under AMD branding (for instance, the CrossFire Xpress 3200 chipset was renamed as <a href="/wiki/AMD_580_chipset_series" title="AMD 580 chipset series">AMD 580X CrossFire chipset</a>). In February 2007, AMD announced the first AMD-branded chipset since 2004 with the release of the AMD <a href="/wiki/AMD_690_chipset_series" title="AMD 690 chipset series">690G</a> chipset (previously under the development codename RS690), targeted at mainstream <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Graphics_Processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Graphics Processor">IGP</a> computing. It was the industry's first to implement a <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> 1.2 port on motherboards, shipping for more than a million units. While ATI had aimed at releasing an Intel IGP chipset, the plan was scrapped and the inventories of <a href="/wiki/AMD_690_chipset_series#Radeon_Xpress_1250" title="AMD 690 chipset series">Radeon Xpress 1250</a> (codenamed RS600, sold under ATI brand) was sold to two OEMs, Abit and ASRock. Although AMD stated the firm would still produce Intel chipsets, Intel had not granted the license of 1333 MHz FSB to ATI. On November 15, 2007, AMD announced a new chipset series portfolio, the <a href="/wiki/AMD_700_chipset_series" title="AMD 700 chipset series">AMD 7-Series chipsets</a>, covering from the enthusiast multi-graphics segment to the value IGP segment, to replace the <a href="/wiki/AMD_580_chipset_series" title="AMD 580 chipset series">AMD 480/570/580 chipsets</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD_690_chipset_series" title="AMD 690 chipset series">AMD 690 series chipsets</a>, marking AMD's first enthusiast multi-graphics chipset. Discrete graphics chipsets were launched on November 15, 2007, as part of the codenamed Spider desktop platform, and IGP chipsets were launched at a later time in spring 2008 as part of the codenamed Cartwheel platform. AMD returned to the server chipsets market with the <a href="/wiki/AMD_800_chipset_series" title="AMD 800 chipset series">AMD 800S series server chipsets</a>. It includes support for up to six <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_Revision_3.0_(SATA_6Gb/s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">SATA 6.0 Gbit/s</a> ports, the C6 power state, which is featured in <a href="/wiki/AMD_Fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Fusion">Fusion</a> processors and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> 1.2 with SATA <a href="/wiki/Port_multiplier#FIS(Frame_Information_Structure)–based_switching" title="Port multiplier">FIS-based switching</a> support. This is a chipset family supporting <a href="/wiki/AMD_Phenom" title="AMD Phenom">Phenom</a> processors and <a href="/wiki/AMD_Quad_FX_platform" title="AMD Quad FX platform">Quad FX enthusiast platform</a> (890FX), <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Graphics_Processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Graphics Processor">IGP</a> (890GX). With the advent of AMD's APUs in 2011, traditional northbridge features such as the connection to graphics and the PCI Express controller were incorporated into the APU die. Accordingly, APUs were connected to a single chip chipset, renamed the Fusion Controller Hub (FCH), which primarily provided southbridge functionality.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> AMD released new chipsets in 2017 to support the release of their new <a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a> products. As the <a href="/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)" title="Zen (microarchitecture)">Zen microarchitecture</a> already includes much of the northbridge connectivity, the AM4-based chipsets primarily varied in the number of additional PCI Express lanes, USB connections, and SATA connections available.<a href="#cite_note-chipset_toms-232">[232]</a> These AM4 chipsets were designed in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/ASMedia" title="ASMedia">ASMedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-su_interview-233">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Embedded_products">Embedded products</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Embedded products">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Embedded_CPUs">Embedded CPUs</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Embedded CPUs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/AMD_%C3%89lan" title="AMD Élan">AMD Élan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy (microarchitecture)">Alchemy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geode_(processor)" title="Geode (processor)">Geode</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nokia-9110-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nokia-9110-4.jpg/220px-Nokia-9110-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nokia-9110-4.jpg/330px-Nokia-9110-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nokia-9110-4.jpg/440px-Nokia-9110-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>An AMD Élan SC450 in <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9000_Communicator" title="Nokia 9000 Communicator">Nokia 9000 Communicator</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 1990s, AMD began marketing a series of <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded</a> <a href="/wiki/System-on-a-chip" class="mw-redirect" title="System-on-a-chip">system-on-a-chips</a> (SoCs) called <a href="/wiki/AMD_%C3%89lan" title="AMD Élan">AMD Élan</a>, starting with the SC300 and SC310. Both combines a 32-Bit, <a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a>SX, low-voltage 25 MHz or 33 MHz CPU with <a href="/wiki/Memory_controller" title="Memory controller">memory controller</a>, <a href="/wiki/PC/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="PC/AT">PC/AT</a> peripheral controllers, <a href="/wiki/Real-time_clock" title="Real-time clock">real-time clock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phase-locked_loop#Clock_generation" title="Phase-locked loop">PLL clock generators</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISA_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="ISA bus">ISA bus</a> interface. The SC300 integrates in addition two <a href="/wiki/PC_card" class="mw-redirect" title="PC card">PC card</a> slots and a <a href="/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter" title="Color Graphics Adapter">CGA</a>-compatible <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> controller. They were followed in 1996 by the SC4xx types. Now supporting <a href="/wiki/VESA_Local_Bus" title="VESA Local Bus">VESA Local Bus</a> and using the <a href="/wiki/Am486" title="Am486">Am486</a> with up to 100 MHz <a href="/wiki/Clock_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Clock speed">clock speed</a>. A SC450 with 33 MHze.g. was used in the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9000_Communicator" title="Nokia 9000 Communicator">Nokia 9000 Communicator</a>. In 1999 the SC520 was announced. Using an <a href="/wiki/Am586" class="mw-redirect" title="Am586">Am586</a> with 100 MHz or 133 MHz and supporting <a href="/wiki/SDRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="SDRAM">SDRAM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a> it was the latest member of the series.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> In February 2002, AMD acquired Alchemy Semiconductor for its <a href="/wiki/Alchemy_(processor)" title="Alchemy (processor)">Alchemy</a> line of <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a> processors for the hand-held and <a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">portable media player</a> markets.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> On June 13, 2006, AMD officially announced that the line was to be transferred to Raza Microelectronics, Inc., a designer of MIPS processors for embedded applications.<a href="#cite_note-Alchemy-237">[237]</a> In August 2003, AMD also purchased the <a href="/wiki/Geode_(processor)" title="Geode (processor)">Geode</a> business which was originally the <a href="/wiki/Cyrix" title="Cyrix">Cyrix</a> <a href="/wiki/MediaGX" title="MediaGX">MediaGX</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a> to augment its existing line of embedded x86 processor products.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> During the second quarter of 2004, it launched new low-power Geode NX processors based on the K7 Thoroughbred architecture with speeds of fanless processors 667 MHz and 1 GHz, and 1.4 GHz processor with fan, of <a href="/wiki/Thermal_Design_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal Design Power">TDP</a> 25 W. This technology is used in a variety of embedded systems (Casino slot machines and customer kiosks for instance), several <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra Mobile PC">UMPC</a> designs in Asia markets, as well as the <a href="/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child" title="One Laptop per Child">OLPC</a> <a href="/wiki/OLPC_XO-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OLPC XO-1">XO-1 computer</a>, an inexpensive laptop computer intended to be distributed to children in developing countries around the world.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> The Geode LX processor was announced in 2005 and is said will continue to be available through 2015.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] AMD has also introduced <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">64-bit</a> processors into its embedded product line starting with the AMD <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> processor. Leveraging the high throughput enabled through <a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect Architecture">Direct Connect Architecture</a> these server-class processors have been targeted at high-end telecom and storage applications. In 2007, AMD added the AMD Athlon, <a href="/wiki/AMD_Turion" title="AMD Turion">AMD Turion</a>, and Mobile AMD Sempron processors to its embedded product line. Leveraging the same <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">64-bit</a> instruction set and <a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect Architecture">Direct Connect Architecture</a> as the AMD <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> but at lower power levels, these processors were well suited to a variety of traditional embedded applications. Throughout 2007 and into 2008, AMD has continued to add both single-core Mobile AMD Sempron and AMD Athlon processors and <a href="/wiki/Multi-core_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-core (computing)">dual-core</a> AMD Athlon X2 and AMD Turion processors to its embedded product line and now offers embedded <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">64-bit</a> solutions starting with 8 W TDP Mobile AMD Sempron and AMD Athlon processors for fan-less designs up to multi-processor systems leveraging multi-core AMD Opteron processors all supporting longer than standard availability.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> The ATI acquisition in 2006 included the <a href="/wiki/Imageon" title="Imageon">Imageon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xilleon" title="Xilleon">Xilleon</a> product lines. In late 2008, the entire handheld division was sold off to <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>, who have since produced the <a href="/wiki/Adreno" title="Adreno">Adreno</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Also in 2008, the Xilleon division was sold to <a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> In April 2007, AMD announced the release of the <a href="/wiki/AMD_690_chipset_series#M690T" title="AMD 690 chipset series">M690T</a> integrated graphics chipset for embedded designs. This enabled AMD to offer complete processor and chipset solutions targeted at embedded applications requiring high-performance 3D and video such as emerging digital signage, kiosk, and Point of Sale applications. The M690T was followed by the <a href="/wiki/AMD_690_chipset_series#M690E" title="AMD 690 chipset series">M690E</a> specifically for embedded applications which removed the TV output, which required <a href="/wiki/Macrovision" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrovision">Macrovision</a> licensing for OEMs, and enabled native support for dual <a href="/wiki/Transition_Minimized_Differential_Signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition Minimized Differential Signaling">TMDS</a> outputs, enabling dual independent <a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a> interfaces.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> In January 2011, AMD announced the AMD Embedded G-Series <a href="/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Accelerated Processing Unit">Accelerated Processing Unit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> This was the first APU for embedded applications. These were followed by updates in 2013 and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> In May 2012, AMD Announced the AMD Embedded R-Series <a href="/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Accelerated Processing Unit">Accelerated Processing Unit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R-Series-249">[249]</a> This family of products incorporates the Bulldozer CPU architecture, and Discrete-class Radeon HD 7000G Series graphics. This was followed by a system-on-a-chip (SoC) version in 2015 which offered a faster CPU and faster graphics, with support for <a href="/wiki/DDR4_SDRAM" title="DDR4 SDRAM">DDR4 SDRAM</a> memory.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Embedded_graphics">Embedded graphics</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Embedded graphics">edit</a>]</div> AMD builds graphic processors for use in <a href="/wiki/Embedded_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded System">embedded</a> systems. They can be found in anything from casinos to healthcare, with a large portion of products being used in industrial machines.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> These products include a complete graphics processing device in a compact <a href="/wiki/Multi-chip_module" title="Multi-chip module">multi-chip module</a> including RAM and the GPU.<a href="#cite_note-AMD_embedded-253">[253]</a> ATI began offering embedded GPUs with the E2400 in 2008. Since that time AMD has released regular updates to their embedded GPU lineup in 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2016; reflecting improvements in their GPU technology.<a href="#cite_note-AMD_embedded-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_product_lines">Current product lines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Current product lines">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CPU_and_APU_products">CPU and APU products</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: CPU and APU products">edit</a>]</div> AMD's portfolio of CPUs and APUs as of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit">[update]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a> – brand of entry level CPUs (Excavator) and APUs (Ryzen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Accelerated Processing Unit">A-series</a> – Excavator-class consumer desktop and laptop APUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Accelerated Processing Unit">G-series</a> – Excavator- and Jaguar-class low-power embedded APUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a> – brand of consumer CPUs and APUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threadripper" title="Threadripper">Ryzen Threadripper</a> – brand of prosumer/professional CPUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Accelerated Processing Unit">R-series</a> – Excavator class high-performance embedded APUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a> – brand of server CPUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> – brand of microserver APUs<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Graphics_products">Graphics products</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Graphics products">edit</a>]</div> AMD's portfolio of dedicated <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics processor">graphics processors</a> as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit">[update]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a> – brand for consumer line of graphics cards; the brand name originated with ATI. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Mobility Radeon</a> offers power-optimized versions of Radeon graphics chips for use in laptops.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_Pro" title="Radeon Pro">Radeon Pro</a> – <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstation</a> graphics card brand. Successor to the <a href="/wiki/AMD_FirePro" title="AMD FirePro">FirePro</a> brand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_Instinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon Instinct">Radeon Instinct</a> – brand of server and workstation targeted machine learning and <a href="/wiki/GPGPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPGPU">GPGPU</a> products</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radeon-branded_products">Radeon-branded products</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Radeon-branded products">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="RAM">RAM</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: RAM">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMDRadeonMemory.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AMDRadeonMemory.JPG/220px-AMDRadeonMemory.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AMDRadeonMemory.JPG/330px-AMDRadeonMemory.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AMDRadeonMemory.JPG/440px-AMDRadeonMemory.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>AMD Radeon memory</figcaption></figure> In 2011, AMD began selling Radeon branded <a href="/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM" title="DDR3 SDRAM">DDR3 SDRAM</a> to support the higher bandwidth needs of AMD's APUs.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> While the RAM is sold by AMD, it was manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Memory" title="Patriot Memory">Patriot Memory</a> and VisionTek. This was later followed by higher speeds of gaming oriented DDR3 memory in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Radeon branded <a href="/wiki/DDR4_SDRAM" title="DDR4 SDRAM">DDR4 SDRAM</a> memory was released in 2015, despite no AMD CPUs or APUs supporting DDR4 at the time.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> AMD noted in 2017 that these products are "mostly distributed in Eastern Europe" and that it continues to be active in the business.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solid-state_drives">Solid-state drives</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Solid-state drives">edit</a>]</div> AMD announced in 2014 it would sell Radeon branded <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a> manufactured by <a href="/wiki/OCZ" title="OCZ">OCZ</a> with capacities up to 480 GB and using the <a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a> interface.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technologies">Technologies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Technologies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CPU_hardware">CPU hardware</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: CPU hardware">edit</a>]</div> As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit">[update]</a> technologies found in AMD CPU/APU and other products include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a> – a high-bandwidth, low-latency system bus used in AMD's CPU and APU products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a> – a derivative of HyperTransport used as the communication bus in AMD's <a href="/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)" title="Zen (microarchitecture)">Zen microarchitecture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphics_hardware">Graphics hardware</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Graphics hardware">edit</a>]</div> As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit">[update]</a> technologies found in AMD GPU products include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Eyefinity" title="AMD Eyefinity">AMD Eyefinity</a> – facilitates <a href="/wiki/Multi-monitor" title="Multi-monitor">multi-monitor</a> setup of up to 6 monitors per graphics card</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeSync" title="FreeSync">AMD FreeSync</a> – display synchronization based on the <a href="/wiki/VESA" class="mw-redirect" title="VESA">VESA</a> Adaptive Sync standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_TrueAudio" title="AMD TrueAudio">AMD TrueAudio</a> – acceleration of audio calculations</li> <li>AMD XConnect – allows the use of <a href="/wiki/External_GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="External GPU">External GPU</a> enclosures through <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderbolt 3">Thunderbolt 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_CrossFire" title="AMD CrossFire">AMD CrossFire</a> – multi-GPU technology allowing the simultaneous use of multiple GPUs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Video_Decoder" title="Unified Video Decoder">Unified Video Decoder</a> (UVD) – acceleration of video decompression (decoding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Engine" title="Video Coding Engine">Video Coding Engine</a> (VCE) – acceleration of video compression (encoding)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Software">edit</a>]</div> AMD has made considerable efforts towards opening its software tools above the <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> level in the past decade.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> For the following mentions, software not expressely stated as being <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> can be assumed to be <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Distribution">Distribution</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/AMD_Radeon_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Radeon Software">AMD Radeon Software</a> is the default channel for official software distribution from AMD. It includes both free and proprietary software components, and supports both <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Software_by_type">Software by type</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Software by type">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CPU">CPU</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: CPU">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Optimizing_C/C%2B%2B_Compiler" title="AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler">AOCC</a> is AMD's optimizing proprietary C/C++ compiler based on LLVM and available for Linux.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a></li> <li>AMDuProf is AMD's CPU performance and Power profiling tool suite, available for Linux and Windows.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li>AMD has also taken an active part in developing <a href="/wiki/Coreboot" title="Coreboot">coreboot</a>, an open-source project aimed at replacing the proprietary BIOS firmware. This cooperation ceased in 2013, but AMD has indicated recently[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] that it is considering releasing source code so that Ryzen can be compatible with coreboot in the future.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GPU">GPU</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: GPU">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/AMD_Radeon_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Radeon Software">AMD Radeon Software</a></div> Most notable public AMD software is on the GPU side. AMD has opened both its <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units" title="General-purpose computing on graphics processing units">compute</a> stacks: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GPUOpen" title="GPUOpen">GPUOpen</a> is AMD's graphics stack, which includes for example FidelityFX Super Resolution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCm" title="ROCm">ROCm</a> (Radeon Open Compute platform) is AMD's compute stack for <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">high-performance computing</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM compiler</a> technologies. Under the ROCm project, <a href="/wiki/AMDgpu_(Linux_kernel_module)" title="AMDgpu (Linux kernel module)">AMDgpu</a> is AMD's <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">device driver</a> supporting the <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next" title="Graphics Core Next">GCN</a> and following architectures, available for Linux. This latter driver component is used both by the graphics and compute stacks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>AMD conducts open research on <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_computing" title="Heterogeneous computing">heterogeneous computing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a></li> <li>Other AMD software includes the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Core_Math_Library" title="AMD Core Math Library">AMD Core Math Library</a>, and open-source software including the <a href="/wiki/AMD_Performance_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Performance Library">AMD Performance Library</a>.</li> <li>AMD contributes to <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> projects, including working with <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> to enhance <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_xVM" title="Sun xVM">Sun xVM</a> on the AMD platform.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> AMD also maintains its own <a href="/wiki/Open64" title="Open64">Open64</a> compiler distribution and contributes its changes back to the community.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li>In 2008, AMD released the low-level programming specifications for its <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPUs</a>, and works with the <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Foundation" title="X.Org Foundation">X.Org Foundation</a> to develop drivers for AMD graphics cards.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li> <li>Extensions for software parallelism (xSP), aimed at speeding up programs to enable multi-threaded and multi-core processing, announced in Technology Analyst Day 2007. One of the initiatives being discussed since August 2007 is the Light Weight <a href="/wiki/Profiling_(computer_programming)" title="Profiling (computer programming)">Profiling</a> (LWP), providing internal hardware monitor with runtimes, to observe information about executing process and help the re-design of software to be optimized with multi-core and even multi-threaded programs. Another one is the extension of Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE) instruction set, the <a href="/wiki/SSE5" title="SSE5">SSE5</a>.</li> <li>Codenamed SIMFIRE – interoperability testing tool for the Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH) <a href="/wiki/Open_architecture" title="Open architecture">open architecture</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_fabrication">Production and fabrication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Production and fabrication">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></div> Previously, AMD produced its chips at company-owned <a href="/wiki/Foundry_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundry (electronics)">semiconductor foundries</a>. AMD pursued a strategy of collaboration with other semiconductor manufacturers <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> to co-develop production technologies.<a href="#cite_note-vr1-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-vr2-275">[275]</a> AMD's founder Jerry Sanders termed this the "Virtual Gorilla" strategy to compete with Intel's significantly greater investments in fabrication.<a href="#cite_note-vr3-276">[276]</a> In 2008, AMD spun off its chip foundries into an independent company named <a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> This breakup of the company was attributed to the increasing costs of each process node. The <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Emirate of Abu Dhabi</a> purchased the newly created company through its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Investment_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Technology Investment Company">Advanced Technology Investment Company</a> (ATIC), purchasing the final stake from AMD in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> With the spin-off of its foundries, AMD became a <a href="/wiki/Fabless_manufacturing" title="Fabless manufacturing">fabless</a> semiconductor manufacturer, designing products to be produced at for-hire foundries. Part of the GlobalFoundries spin-off included an agreement with AMD to produce some number of products at GlobalFoundries.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Both prior to the spin-off and after AMD has pursued production with other foundries including <a href="/wiki/TSMC" title="TSMC">TSMC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Foundry">Samsung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-samsung-281">[281]</a> It has been argued that this would reduce risk for AMD by decreasing dependence on any one foundry which has caused issues in the past.<a href="#cite_note-samsung-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> In 2018, AMD started shifting the production of their CPUs and GPUs to TSMC, following GlobalFoundries' announcement that they were halting development of their <a href="/wiki/7_nm_process" title="7 nm process">7 nm process</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> AMD revised their wafer purchase requirement with GlobalFoundries in 2019, allowing AMD to freely choose foundries for 7 nm nodes and below, while maintaining purchase agreements for 12 nm and above through 2021.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_trends">Business trends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Business trends">edit</a>]</div> The key trends for AMD are (as of the financial year ending in late December):<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Revenue (US$ bn) </th> <th>Net profit (US$ m) </th> <th>Total assets (US$ bn) </th> <th>Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>8,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td>337 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>10,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>341 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td>11,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td>2,490 </td> <td>8.9 </td> <td>12,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>16.4 </td> <td>3,162 </td> <td>12.4 </td> <td>15,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>23.6 </td> <td>1,320 </td> <td>67.5 </td> <td>25,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>22.6 </td> <td>854 </td> <td>67.8 </td> <td>26,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Partnerships">edit</a>]</div> AMD uses strategic industry partnerships to further its business interests as well as to rival Intel's dominance and resources:<a href="#cite_note-vr1-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-vr2-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-vr3-276">[276]</a> <ul><li>A partnership between AMD and Alpha Processor Inc. developed <a href="/wiki/HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a>, a point-to-point interconnect standard which was turned over to an industry standards body for finalization.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> It is now used in modern motherboards that are compatible with AMD processors.</li> <li>AMD also formed a strategic partnership with IBM, under which AMD gained <a href="/wiki/Silicon_on_insulator" title="Silicon on insulator">silicon on insulator</a> (SOI) manufacturing technology, and detailed advice on <a href="/wiki/90_nm" class="mw-redirect" title="90 nm">90 nm</a> implementation. AMD announced that the partnership would extend to 2011 for <a href="/wiki/32_nm" class="mw-redirect" title="32 nm">32 nm</a> and <a href="/wiki/22_nm" class="mw-redirect" title="22 nm">22 nm</a> fabrication-related technologies.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a></li> <li>To facilitate processor distribution and sales, AMD is loosely partnered with end-user companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acer (company)">Acer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a></li> <li>In 1993, AMD established a 50–50 partnership with <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> called FASL, and merged into a new company called FASL LLC in 2003. The joint venture went public under the name <a href="/wiki/Spansion" title="Spansion">Spansion</a> and ticker symbol SPSN in December 2005, with AMD shares dropping 37%. AMD no longer directly participates in the Flash memory devices market now as AMD entered into a non-competition agreement on December 21, 2005, with Fujitsu and Spansion, pursuant to which it agreed not to directly or indirectly engage in a business that manufactures or supplies standalone semiconductor devices (including single-chip, multiple-chip or system devices) containing only Flash memory.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a></li> <li>On May 18, 2006, Dell announced that it would roll out new servers based on AMD's Opteron chips by year's end, thus ending an exclusive relationship with Intel.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In September 2006, Dell began offering AMD Athlon X2 chips in their desktop lineup.</li> <li>In June 2011, HP announced new business and consumer notebooks equipped with the latest versions of AMD APUs – accelerated processing units. AMD will power HP's Intel-based business notebooks as well.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li>In the spring of 2013, AMD announced that it would be powering <a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">all three major next-generation consoles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> are both powered by a custom-built AMD APU, and the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> is powered by an AMD GPU.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> According to AMD, having their processors in all three of these consoles will greatly assist developers with cross-platform development to competing consoles and PCs as well as increased support for their products across the board.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li> <li>AMD has entered into an agreement with Hindustan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (HSMC) for the production of AMD products in India.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li>AMD is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/HSA_Foundation" title="HSA Foundation">HSA Foundation</a> which aims to ease the use of a <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_System_Architecture" title="Heterogeneous System Architecture">Heterogeneous System Architecture</a>. A Heterogeneous System Architecture is intended to use both <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing units</a> and <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">graphics processors</a> to complete computational tasks.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a></li> <li>AMD announced in 2016 that <a href="/wiki/AMD-Chinese_joint_venture" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD-Chinese joint venture">it was creating a joint venture</a> to produce x86 server chips for the Chinese market.<a href="#cite_note-2018-toms-hardware-297">[297]</a></li> <li>On May 7, 2019, it was reported that the U.S. Department of Energy, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray Inc.</a>, are working in collaboration with AMD to develop the Frontier exascale supercomputer. Featuring the AMD <a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a> CPUs and <a href="/wiki/Radeon_Instinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon Instinct">Radeon</a> GPUs, the supercomputer is set to produce more than 1.5 exaflops (peak double-precision) in computing performance. It is expected to debut sometime in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a></li> <li>On March 5, 2020, it was announced that the U.S. Department of Energy, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> are working in collaboration with AMD to develop the El Capitan exascale supercomputer. Featuring the AMD <a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a> CPUs and <a href="/wiki/Radeon_Instinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon Instinct">Radeon</a> GPUs, the supercomputer is set to produce more than 2 exaflops (peak double-precision) in computing performance. It is expected to debut in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li>In the summer of 2020, it was reported that AMD would be powering <a href="/wiki/Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">the next-generation console offerings</a> from Microsoft and Sony.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li>On November 8, 2021, AMD announced a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a> to make the chips used in the <a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li>In January 2022, AMD partnered with Samsung to develop a mobile processor to be used in future products. The processor was named Exynos 2022 and works with the AMD RDNA 2 architecture.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litigation_with_Intel">Litigation with Intel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Litigation with Intel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corp._v._Advanced_Micro_Devices,_Inc." title="Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.">Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices,_Inc._v._Intel_Corp." title="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.">Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amd_386_processor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amd_386_processor.jpg/220px-Amd_386_processor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amd_386_processor.jpg/330px-Amd_386_processor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Amd_386_processor.jpg/440px-Amd_386_processor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3528" data-file-height="2355" /></a><figcaption>AMD processor with Intel copyright</figcaption></figure> AMD has a long history of litigation with former (and current) partner and x86 creator <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-litigation-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <ul><li>In 1986, Intel broke an agreement it had with AMD to allow them to produce Intel's microchips for <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>; AMD filed for <a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">arbitration</a> in 1987 and the arbitrator decided in AMD's favor in 1992. Intel disputed this, and the case ended up in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a>. In 1994, that court upheld the arbitrator's decision and awarded damages for breach of contract.</li> <li>In 1990, Intel brought a copyright infringement action alleging illegal use of its 287 microcode. The case ended in 1994 with a jury finding for AMD and its right to use Intel's microcode in its microprocessors through the 486 generation.</li> <li>In 1997, Intel filed suit against AMD and <a href="/wiki/Cyrix" title="Cyrix">Cyrix</a> Corp. for misuse of the term <a href="/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set)" title="MMX (instruction set)">MMX</a>. AMD and Intel settled, with AMD acknowledging MMX as a trademark owned by Intel, and with Intel granting AMD rights to market the AMD K6 MMX processor.</li> <li>In 2005, following an investigation, the Japan Federal Trade Commission found Intel guilty of a number of violations. On June 27, 2005, AMD won an <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> suit against Intel in Japan, and on the same day, AMD filed a broad antitrust complaint against Intel in the U.S. Federal District Court in <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>. The complaint alleges systematic use of secret rebates, special discounts, threats, and other means used by Intel to lock AMD processors out of the global market. Since the start of this action, the court has issued <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a> to major computer manufacturers including <a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>.</li> <li>In November 2009, Intel agreed to pay AMD $1.25 billion and renew a five-year patent cross-licensing agreement as part of a deal to settle all outstanding legal disputes between them.<a href="#cite_note-amd_suit-306">[306]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guinness_World_Record_achievement">Guinness World Record achievement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Guinness World Record achievement">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On August 31, 2011, in Austin, Texas, AMD achieved a <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness World Record">Guinness World Record</a> for the "Highest frequency of a computer processor": 8.429 GHz.<a href="#cite_note-Record-307">[307]</a> The company ran an 8-core FX-8150 processor with only one active module (two cores), and cooled with liquid helium.<a href="#cite_note-youtube-308">[308]</a> The previous record was 8.308 GHz, with an Intel Celeron 352 (one core).</li> <li>On November 1, 2011, geek.com reported that Andre Yang, an <a href="/wiki/Overclocking" title="Overclocking">overclocker</a> from Taiwan, used an FX-8150 to set another record: 8.461 GHz.<a href="#cite_note-record2-309">[309]</a></li> <li>On November 19, 2012, Andre Yang used an FX-8350 to set another record: 8.794 GHz.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisitions,_mergers,_and_investments">Acquisitions, mergers, and investments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Acquisitions, mergers, and investments">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Company </th> <th>Integration or division </th> <th>Price </th></tr> <tr> <td>February 6, 2002 </td> <td>Alchemy Semiconductor<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> </td> <td>Processors (embedded CPUs) </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 6, 2003 </td> <td>Coatue<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> </td> <td>Memory (non-volatile polymer-based memory) </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 24, 2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI Technologies</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> </td> <td>Graphics and 3D software (Radeon GPUs) </td> <td>$5,400 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 29, 2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SeaMicro" title="SeaMicro">SeaMicro</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> </td> <td>Data center platform </td> <td>$334 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 29, 2016 </td> <td>HiAlgo<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> </td> <td>Gaming experience (Radeon Chill, Radeon Boost and Radeon Swift) </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 10, 2017 </td> <td>Nitero<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WiGig" title="WiGig">60 GHz wireless</a> IP (headset <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">AR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">VR</a>) </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 27, 2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> </td> <td>Custom chips (FPGA, adaptive SoCs, <a href="/wiki/System_on_module" title="System on module">system on modules</a>, IA accelerator) </td> <td>$49,000 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 4, 2022 </td> <td>Pensando<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> </td> <td>Data center, cloud solutions and <a href="/wiki/Data_processing_unit" title="Data processing unit">DPUs</a> </td> <td>$1,900 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 29, 2023 </td> <td>Mipsology<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> </td> <td>AI inference software </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 10, 2023 </td> <td>Nod.ai<a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-101">[101]</a> </td> <td>Open-source AI software </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 10, 2024 </td> <td>Silo AI<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> </td> <td>AI software </td> <td>$665 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 19, 2024 </td> <td>ZT Systems<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> </td> <td>Data center hardware </td> <td>$4,900 million </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_responsibility">Corporate responsibility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Corporate responsibility">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In its 2022 Report, AMD states that it aims to embed environmental sustainability across its business, promote safe and responsible workplaces in its global supply chain and advance stronger communities.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a></li> <li>In 2022, AMD achieved a 19 percent reduction in its Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions compared to 2020. Based on AMD calculations that are third-party verified (limited level assurance).<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_initiatives">Other initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Other initiatives">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Grid" title="The Green Grid">The Green Grid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> founded by AMD together with other founders, such as <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, to seek lower power consumption for grids.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Sponsorships">edit</a>]</div> AMD's sponsorship of Formula 1 racing began in 2002 with the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes-AMG Petronas</a> team.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> AMD was also a sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">BMW Sauber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a> Formula 1 teams together with <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a>, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Pernod Ricard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> On 18 April 2018, AMD began a multi-year sponsorship with Scuderia Ferrari.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> In February 2020, just prior to the start of the 2020 race season, the Mercedes Formula 1 team announced it was adding AMD to its sponsorship portfolio.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> AMD began a sponsorship deal with <a href="/wiki/Victory_Five" title="Victory Five">Victory Five</a> (V5) for the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends_Pro_League" title="League of Legends Pro League">League of Legends Pro League</a> (LPL) in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> AMD was a sponsor of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Dota_Pro_Circuit" title="Dota Pro Circuit">Dota Pro Circuit</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Perfect_World_(company)" title="Perfect World (company)">Perfect World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> In February 2024, AMD was a Diamond sponsor for the World Artificial Intelligence Cannes Festival (WAICF).<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> AMD was a Platinum sponsor for the HPE Discover 2024, an event hosted by <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a> to showcase technology for government and business customers. The event was held from 17 to 20 June 2024 in Las Vegas.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Livebox" title="AMD Livebox">AMD Livebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gaede" title="Bill Gaede">Bill Gaede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">List of AMD processors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_accelerated_processing_units" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD accelerated processing units">List of AMD accelerated processing units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">List of AMD graphics processing units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_chipsets" title="List of AMD chipsets">List of AMD chipsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ATI_chipsets" title="List of ATI chipsets">List of ATI chipsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3DNow!" title="3DNow!">3DNow!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cool%27n%27Quiet" title="Cool'n'Quiet">Cool'n'Quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerNow!" title="PowerNow!">PowerNow!</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10K-1"><a href="#cite_ref-10K_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/2488/000000248824000012/amd-20231230.htm">"AMD 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. 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Greenleaf Book Group, 2013.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:AMD" title="Template:AMD"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AMD" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:AMD"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AMD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AMD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AMD" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3DNow!" title="3DNow!">3DNow!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">Processors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geode_(processor)" title="Geode (processor)">Geode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duron" title="Duron">Duron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempron" title="Sempron">Sempron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Turion" title="AMD Turion">Turion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Phenom" title="AMD Phenom">Phenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_FX" title="AMD FX">FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Radeon_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Radeon Software">AMD Radeon Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMDGPU" class="mw-redirect" title="AMDGPU">AMDGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_PowerTune" title="AMD PowerTune">AMD PowerTune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_CrossFire" title="AMD CrossFire">CrossFire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Eyefinity" title="AMD Eyefinity">Eyefinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeSync" title="FreeSync">FreeSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(API)" title="Mantle (API)">Mantle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGESA" title="AGESA">AGESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Turbo_Core" title="AMD Turbo Core">AMD Turbo Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cool%27n%27Quiet" title="Cool'n'Quiet">Cool'n'Quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Platform_Security_Processor" title="AMD Platform Security Processor">AMD Platform Security Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryzen_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryzen AI">Ryzen AI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Bandwidth_Memory" title="High Bandwidth Memory">High Bandwidth Memory</a> (HBM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Sockets_without_existing_articles_(e.g._FP4)_are_omitted_from_this_section.">Sockets without existing articles (e.g. FP4) are omitted from this section.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pin_grid_array" title="Pin grid array">Pin grid array</a> (PGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_Socket_7" title="Super Socket 7">Super Socket 7</a> (Super 7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_939" title="Socket 939">939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM2" title="Socket AM2">AM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM2%2B" title="Socket AM2+">AM2+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM3" title="Socket AM3">AM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM3%2B" title="Socket AM3+">AM3+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FM1" title="Socket FM1">FM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FM2" title="Socket FM2">FM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FM2%2B" title="Socket FM2+">FM2+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM1" title="Socket AM1">AM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM4" title="Socket AM4">AM4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_grid_array" title="Land grid array">Land grid array</a> (LGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_TR4" title="Socket TR4">TR4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_sTRX4" title="Socket sTRX4">sTRX4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_AM5" title="Socket AM5">AM5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slot_A" title="Slot A">Slot A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pin grid array (PGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_563" title="Socket 563">563</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_S1" title="Socket S1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FS1" title="Socket FS1">FS1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ball_grid_array" title="Ball grid array">Ball grid array</a> (BGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FT1" title="Socket FT1">FT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FP2" title="Socket FP2">FP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FT3" title="Socket FT3">FT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_FP3" title="Socket FP3">FP3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pin grid array (PGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_940" title="Socket 940">940</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land grid array (LGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_F" title="Socket F">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_F%2B" title="Socket F+">F+</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/AMD_Socket_G3" title="AMD Socket G3">G3</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_G34" title="Socket G34">G34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_C32" title="Socket C32">C32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_SP3" title="Socket SP3">SP3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pin_grid_array_(PGA)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pin grid array (PGA)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_A" title="Socket A">Socket A</a> (Socket 462)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_754" title="Socket 754">754</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD microprocessors">List of AMD microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">List of AMD graphics processing units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_accelerated_processing_units" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD accelerated processing units">List of AMD accelerated processing units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of AMD CPU microarchitectures">List of AMD CPU microarchitectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_chipsets" title="List of AMD chipsets">List of AMD chipsets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:AMD_people" title="Category:AMD people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sanders_(businessman)" title="Jerry Sanders (businessman)">Jerry Sanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jerry Sanders (1969–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Ruiz" title="Hector Ruiz">Hector Ruiz</a> (2002–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Meyer" title="Dirk Meyer">Dirk Meyer</a> (2008–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Read" title="Rory Read">Rory Read</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Su" title="Lisa Su">Lisa Su</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMicro" title="SeaMicro">SeaMicro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD%E2%80%93Chinese_joint_venture" title="AMD–Chinese joint venture">AMD–Chinese joint venture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygon_Information_Technology" title="Hygon Information Technology">Hygon Information Technology</a></li></ul></li> <li>TF-AMD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongfu_Microelectronics" title="Tongfu Microelectronics">Tongfu Microelectronics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Corp._v._Advanced_Micro_Devices,_Inc." title="Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.">Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices,_Inc._v._Intel_Corp." title="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.">Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulkan_(API)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulkan (API)">Vulkan (API)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NexGen" title="NexGen">NexGen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spansion" title="Spansion">Spansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Live!" title="AMD Live!">AMD Live!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Rating" title="Performance Rating">Performance Rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrenza" title="Torrenza">Torrenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicates an unreleased product (e.g. socket)</li> <li><s>Strikethrough</s> indicates a product that was never released.</li> <li>Mixed indicates sockets that are designed for or integrated with one or more platforms.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AMD-related_navigation_boxes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="AMD-related_navigation_boxes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">AMD-related navigation boxes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AMD_processors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AMD_processors" title="Template:AMD processors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AMD_processors" title="Template talk:AMD processors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AMD_processors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AMD processors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AMD_processors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">AMD processors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors" title="List of AMD processors">Processors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_K5_processors" title="List of AMD K5 processors">K5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_K6_processors" title="List of AMD K6 processors">K6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Athlon_processors" title="List of AMD Athlon processors">Athlon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Athlon_XP_processors" title="List of AMD Athlon XP processors">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Athlon_64_processors" title="List of AMD Athlon 64 processors">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Athlon_X2_processors" title="List of AMD Athlon X2 processors">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Athlon_II_processors" title="List of AMD Athlon II processors">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Phenom_processors" title="List of AMD Phenom processors">Phenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_FX_processors" title="List of AMD FX processors">FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Ryzen_processors" title="List of AMD Ryzen processors">Ryzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Duron_processors" title="List of AMD Duron processors">Duron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Sempron_processors" title="List of AMD Sempron processors">Sempron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Turion_processors" title="List of AMD Turion processors">Turion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Opteron_processors" title="List of AMD Opteron processors">Opteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Epyc_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of AMD Epyc processors">Epyc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors_with_3D_graphics" title="List of AMD processors with 3D graphics">APUs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of AMD CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_chipsets" title="List of AMD chipsets">Chipsets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of AMD CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K5" title="AMD K5">K5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">K6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon/K7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">x86-64 desktop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K8" title="AMD K8">K8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K9" title="AMD K9">K9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_10h" title="AMD 10h">K10 (aka 10h)</a></li> <li>15h <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulldozer_(microarchitecture)" title="Bulldozer (microarchitecture)">Bulldozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piledriver_(microarchitecture)" title="Piledriver (microarchitecture)">Piledriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamroller_(microarchitecture)" title="Steamroller (microarchitecture)">Steamroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excavator_(microarchitecture)" title="Excavator (microarchitecture)">Excavator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)" title="Zen (microarchitecture)">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen_(first_generation_microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen (first generation microarchitecture)">1st gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen%2B" title="Zen+">Zen+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_2" title="Zen 2">Zen 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_3" title="Zen 3">Zen 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_3%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen 3+">Zen 3+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_4" title="Zen 4">Zen 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_5" title="Zen 5">Zen 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_6" title="Zen 6">Zen 6</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">x86-64 low-power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat_(microarchitecture)" title="Bobcat (microarchitecture)">Bobcat (aka 14h)</a></li> <li>16h <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_(microarchitecture)" title="Jaguar (microarchitecture)">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puma_(microarchitecture)" title="Puma (microarchitecture)">Puma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family#ARMv8-A" title="ARM architecture family">ARM64</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K12" title="AMD K12">K12 (aka 12h)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="x86-64_(64-bit)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryzen" title="Ryzen">Ryzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threadripper" title="Threadripper">Threadripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epyc" title="Epyc">Epyc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #DDDDDD">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;background-color: #E6E6E6">Early x86 (<a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am286" class="mw-redirect" title="Am286">Am286</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;background-color: #E6E6E6"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am386" title="Am386">Am386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am486" title="Am486">Am486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am5x86" title="Am5x86">Am5x86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K5" title="AMD K5">K5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">K6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K6-2" title="AMD K6-2">K6-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K6-III" title="AMD K6-III">K6-III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon_XP" class="mw-redirect" title="Athlon XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlon_MP" class="mw-redirect" title="Athlon MP">MP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duron" title="Duron">Duron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geode_(processor)" title="Geode (processor)">Geode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_%C3%89lan" title="AMD Élan">AMD Élan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;background-color: #E6E6E6"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon_64" title="Athlon 64">Athlon 64</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlon_64_X2" title="Athlon 64 X2">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlon_II" title="Athlon II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempron" title="Sempron">Sempron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Turion" title="AMD Turion">Turion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Phenom" title="AMD Phenom">Phenom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phenom_II" title="Phenom II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_FX" title="AMD FX">FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_APU" title="AMD APU">A-series APUs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;background-color: #E6E6E6">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Am9080" title="AMD Am9080">Am9080</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Am2900" title="AMD Am2900">Am2900</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_Am2900_and_Am29000_families" title="List of AMD Am2900 and Am29000 families">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Am29000" title="AMD Am29000">Am29000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy (microarchitecture)">Alchemy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture#MIPS32" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS32</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates an upcoming architecture.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AMD_graphics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AMD_graphics" title="Template:AMD graphics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AMD_graphics" title="Template talk:AMD graphics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AMD_graphics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AMD graphics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AMD_graphics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a> graphics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Radeon-brandList_of_GPUs_(GPU_features_template)_and_List_of_APUs_(APU_features_template)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radeon" title="Radeon">Radeon</a>-brand <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units" title="List of AMD graphics processing units">List of GPUs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:AMD_GPU_features" title="Template:AMD GPU features">GPU features template</a>) and <a href="/wiki/List_of_AMD_processors_with_3D_graphics" title="List of AMD processors with 3D graphics">List of APUs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:AMD_APU_features" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:AMD APU features">APU features template</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed pipeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATI_Wonder" title="ATI Wonder">Wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATI_Mach" title="ATI Mach">Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATI_Rage" title="ATI Rage">Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-in-Wonder" title="All-in-Wonder">All-in-Wonder</a> (before 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vertex and fragment shaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_R100_series" title="Radeon R100 series">R100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_R200_series" title="Radeon R200 series">R200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_R300_series" title="Radeon R300 series">R300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_R400_series" title="Radeon R400 series">R400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_X1000_series" title="Radeon X1000 series">R500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-in-Wonder" title="All-in-Wonder">All-in-Wonder</a> (after 1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unified_shader_model" title="Unified shader model">Unified shaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TeraScale" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeraScale_(microarchitecture)" title="TeraScale (microarchitecture)">TeraScale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_2000_series" title="Radeon HD 2000 series">HD 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_3000_series" title="Radeon HD 3000 series">HD 3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_4000_series" title="Radeon HD 4000 series">HD 4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_5000_series" title="Radeon HD 5000 series">HD 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_6000_series" title="Radeon HD 6000 series">HD 6000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unified shaders & <a href="/wiki/Unified_Memory_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Memory Architecture">memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next" title="Graphics Core Next">GCN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_7000_series" title="Radeon HD 7000 series">HD 7000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_HD_8000_series" title="Radeon HD 8000 series">HD 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_200_series" title="Radeon 200 series">200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_300_series" title="Radeon 300 series">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_400_series" title="Radeon 400 series">400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_500_series" title="Radeon 500 series">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_Vega_series" title="Radeon RX Vega series">RX Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_600_series" title="Radeon 600 series">600</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RDNA_(microarchitecture)" title="RDNA (microarchitecture)">RDNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_5000_series" title="Radeon RX 5000 series">RX 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_6000_series" title="Radeon RX 6000 series">RX 6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_RX_7000_series" title="Radeon RX 7000 series">RX 7000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Current_technologies_and_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current technologies and software</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio/Video acceleration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Video_Decoder" title="Unified Video Decoder">Unified Video Decoder (UVD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Engine" title="Video Coding Engine">Video Coding Engine (VCE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Core_Next" title="Video Core Next">Video Core Next (VCN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_TrueAudio" title="AMD TrueAudio">TrueAudio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GPU technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Eyefinity" title="AMD Eyefinity">Eyefinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeSync" title="FreeSync">FreeSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_PowerTune" title="AMD PowerTune">PowerTune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_CrossFire" title="AMD CrossFire">CrossFire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Hybrid_Graphics" title="AMD Hybrid Graphics">Hybrid Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperMemory" title="HyperMemory">HyperMemory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperZ" title="HyperZ">HyperZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_System_Architecture" title="Heterogeneous System Architecture">HSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDNA_(microarchitecture)" title="RDNA (microarchitecture)">RDNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDNA_2" title="RDNA 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDNA_3" title="RDNA 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RDNA_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RDNA 4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Radeon_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Radeon Software">AMD Radeon Software</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_HD3D" title="AMD HD3D">HD3D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCm" title="ROCm">ROCm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMDGPU" class="mw-redirect" title="AMDGPU">AMDGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_GPU_PerfStudio" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD GPU PerfStudio">GPU PerfStudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPUOpen" title="GPUOpen">GPUOpen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TressFX" title="TressFX">TressFX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLSL2GLSL" title="HLSL2GLSL">HLSL2GLSL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_APP_SDK" title="AMD APP SDK">AMD APP SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Catalyst">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_to_Metal" title="Close to Metal">Close to Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_CodeAnalyst" title="AMD CodeAnalyst">CodeAnalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(API)" title="Mantle (API)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CodeXL" title="CodeXL">CodeXL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Other_brands_and_products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other brands and products</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstations</a> & <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_Pro" title="Radeon Pro">Radeon Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radeon_Instinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Radeon Instinct">Radeon Instinct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_FirePro" title="AMD FirePro">FireGL/FirePro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_FireMV" title="AMD FireMV">FireMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_FireStream" title="AMD FireStream">FireStream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Consoles</a> & <a href="/wiki/Handheld_PC" title="Handheld PC">handheld PCs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flipper_(graphics_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flipper (graphics chip)">Flipper</a> (<a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenos_(graphics_chip)" title="Xenos (graphics chip)">Xenos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(graphics_chip)" title="Hollywood (graphics chip)">Hollywood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next#Graphics_Core_Next_2" title="Graphics Core Next">Liverpool</a> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next#Graphics_Core_Next_2" title="Graphics Core Next">Durango</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next#Graphics_Core_Next_4" title="Graphics Core Next">Neo</a> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation 4 Pro">PlayStation 4 Pro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next#Graphics_Core_Next_4" title="Graphics Core Next">Scorpio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox_One_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox One X">Xbox One X</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)" title="Atari VCS (2021 console)">Atari VCS (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X/S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Deck" title="Steam Deck">Steam Deck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AMD_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AMD_technology" title="Template:AMD technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AMD_technology" title="Template talk:AMD technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AMD_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AMD technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AMD_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a> technology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGESA" title="AGESA">AGESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMDGPU" class="mw-redirect" title="AMDGPU">AMDGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Radeon_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD Radeon Software">Radeon Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivado" title="Vivado">Vivado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinx_ISE" title="Xilinx ISE">Xilinx ISE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROCm" title="ROCm">ROCm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPUOpen" title="GPUOpen">GPUOpen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Spider" title="AMD Spider">Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Dragon" title="AMD Dragon">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Horus" title="AMD Horus">Horus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cool%27n%27Quiet" title="Cool'n'Quiet">Cool'n'Quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Bandwidth_Memory" title="High Bandwidth Memory">High Bandwidth Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerNow!" title="PowerNow!">PowerNow!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_PowerPlay" title="AMD PowerPlay">PowerPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_PowerTune" title="AMD PowerTune">PowerTune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Turbo_Core" title="AMD Turbo Core">Turbo Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Scalable_Texture_Compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression">ASTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_Wraith" title="AMD Wraith">AMD Wraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtex_(FPGA)" title="Virtex (FPGA)">Virtex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMD_XDNA" title="AMD XDNA">XDNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryzen_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryzen AI">Ryzen AI</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instructions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">X86-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3DNow!" title="3DNow!">3DNow!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Vector_Extensions" title="Advanced Vector Extensions">AVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XOP_instruction_set" title="XOP instruction set">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CVT16_instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="CVT16 instruction set">CVT16/F16C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMA_instruction_set" title="FMA instruction set">FMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FMA_instruction_set#FMA4_instruction_set" title="FMA instruction set">FMA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMA_instruction_set#FMA3_instruction_set" title="FMA instruction set">FMA3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Manipulation_Instruction_Sets" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit Manipulation Instruction Sets">BMI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Manipulation_Instruction_Sets#ABM" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit Manipulation Instruction Sets">ABM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Manipulation_Instruction_Sets#BMI1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit Manipulation Instruction Sets">BMI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_Manipulation_Instruction_Sets#TBM" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit Manipulation Instruction Sets">TBM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSE5" title="SSE5">SSE5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Synchronization_Facility" title="Advanced Synchronization Facility">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES_instruction_set" title="AES instruction set">AES</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics industry in the United States">Electronics industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsair_Gaming" title="Corsair Gaming">Corsair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_Electronics" title="Element Electronics">Element Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Radio" title="Emerson Radio">Emerson Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harman_International" title="Harman International">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InFocus" title="InFocus">InFocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Electronics" title="Jensen Electronics">Jensen Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmore_(brand)" title="Kenmore (brand)">Kenmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_International" title="Kimball International">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koss_Corporation" title="Koss Corporation">Koss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorex" title="Memorex">Memorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Cable" title="Monster Cable">Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantronics" title="Plantronics">Plantronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planar_Systems" title="Planar Systems">Planar Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Razer Inc">Razer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiki_Digital" title="Seiki Digital">Seiki Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skullcandy" title="Skullcandy">Skullcandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Beach_Corporation" title="Turtle Beach Corporation">Turtle Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViewSonic" title="ViewSonic">ViewSonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizio" title="Vizio">Vizio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company" title="Westinghouse Electric Company">Westinghouse Electric Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electronics" title="Westinghouse Electronics">Westinghouse Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Electronic components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achronix" title="Achronix">Achronix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Integrated" title="Maxim Integrated">Maxim Integrated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVX_Corporation" title="AVX Corporation">AVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque_Corporation" title="Cirque Corporation">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodes_Incorporated" title="Diodes Incorporated">Diodes Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flex_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flex (company)">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabil" title="Jabil">Jabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEMET_Corporation" title="KEMET Corporation">KEMET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Technologies" title="Maxwell Technologies">Maxwell Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmina_Corporation" title="Sanmina Corporation">Sanmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishay_Intertechnology" title="Vishay Intertechnology">Vishay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductor devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampere_Computing" title="Ampere Computing">Ampere Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Semiconductor" title="Cypress Semiconductor">Cypress Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Electronics" title="Interlink Electronics">Interlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLA-Tencor" class="mw-redirect" title="KLA-Tencor">KLA-Tencor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atmel" title="Atmel">Atmel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_Data" title="Nimbus Data">Nimbus Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellanox_Technologies" title="Mellanox Technologies">Mellanox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabula_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabula (company)">Tabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLU_Products" title="BLU Products">BLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence Design Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">GE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_(trademark)" title="RCA (trademark)">RCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actel" title="Actel">Actel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSI_Corporation" title="LSI Corporation">LSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsemi" title="Microsemi">Microsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Inc">Palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signetics" title="Signetics">Signetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solectron" title="Solectron">Solectron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Electronics" title="Zenith Electronics">Zenith Electronics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_semiconductor_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_semiconductor_companies" title="Template:Major semiconductor companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_semiconductor_companies" title="Template talk:Major semiconductor companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_semiconductor_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major semiconductor companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_semiconductor_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">semiconductor companies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Note = "major" equates to companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion, past or present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_device_manufacturer" title="Integrated device manufacturer">IDM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qorvo" title="Qorvo">Qorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">STMicroelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fabless_manufacturing" title="Fabless manufacturing">Fabless</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaTek" title="MediaTek">MediaTek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyworks_Solutions" title="Skyworks Solutions">Skyworks Solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foundry_model" title="Foundry model">Foundry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics#Semiconductors" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation" title="Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation">SMIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSMC" title="TSMC">TSMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Microelectronics_Corporation" title="United Microelectronics Corporation">UMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_consolidation" title="Semiconductor consolidation">OSAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amkor_Technology" title="Amkor Technology">Amkor Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASE_Group" title="ASE Group">ASE Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCET_(company)" title="JCET (company)">JCET</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLA_Corporation" title="KLA Corporation">KLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electron" title="Tokyo Electron">Tokyo Electron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence Design Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programmable_logic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Programmable_logic" title="Template:Programmable logic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Programmable_logic" title="Template talk:Programmable logic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Programmable_logic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Programmable logic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Programmable_logic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_device" title="Programmable logic device">Programmable logic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit" title="Application-specific integrated circuit">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">SoC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">FPGA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logic_block" title="Logic block">Logic block</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device" title="Complex programmable logic device">CPLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_device#EPLDs" title="Programmable logic device">EPLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_array" title="Programmable logic array">PLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_Array_Logic" title="Programmable Array Logic">PAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_array_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic array logic">GAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_PSoC" title="Cypress PSoC">PSoC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconfigurable_computing" title="Reconfigurable computing">Reconfigurable computing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xputer" title="Xputer">Xputer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_microprocessor" title="Soft microprocessor">Soft microprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_underutilization" title="Circuit underutilization">Circuit underutilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_synthesis" title="High-level synthesis">High-level synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_acceleration" title="Hardware acceleration">Hardware acceleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hardware_description_language" title="Hardware description language">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verilog" title="Verilog">Verilog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verilog-A" title="Verilog-A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verilog-AMS" title="Verilog-AMS">AMS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHDL" title="VHDL">VHDL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VHDL-AMS" title="VHDL-AMS">AMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHDL-VITAL" title="VHDL-VITAL">VITAL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemVerilog" title="SystemVerilog">SystemVerilog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SystemVerilog_DPI" title="SystemVerilog DPI">DPI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemC" title="SystemC">SystemC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altera_Hardware_Description_Language" title="Altera Hardware Description Language">AHDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handel-C" title="Handel-C">Handel-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_(computing)" title="Lola (computing)">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_Specification_Language" title="Property Specification Language">PSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Power_Format" title="Unified Power Format">UPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PALASM" title="PALASM">PALASM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Boolean_Expression_Language" title="Advanced Boolean Expression Language">ABEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_Array_Logic#CUPL" title="Programmable Array Logic">CUPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_to_HDL" title="C to HDL">C to HDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_to_HDL" title="Flow to HDL">Flow to HDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyHDL" title="MyHDL">MyHDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELLA_(programming_language)" title="ELLA (programming language)">ELLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisel_(programming_language)" title="Chisel (programming language)">Chisel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accellera" title="Accellera">Accellera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achronix" title="Achronix">Achronix</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldec" title="Aldec">Aldec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICE_(FPGA)" title="ICE (FPGA)">iCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratix" title="Stratix">Stratix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtex_(FPGA)" title="Virtex (FPGA)">Virtex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quartus_Prime" title="Intel Quartus Prime">Intel Quartus Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinx_ISE" title="Xilinx ISE">Xilinx ISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivado" title="Vivado">Vivado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ModelSim" title="ModelSim">ModelSim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verilog-to-Routing" title="Verilog-to-Routing">VTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HDL_simulators" title="List of HDL simulators">Simulators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_hardware" title="Proprietary hardware">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARC_(processor)" title="ARC (processor)">ARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-M" title="ARM Cortex-M">ARM Cortex-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEON" title="LEON">LEON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LatticeMico8" title="LatticeMico8">LatticeMico8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroBlaze" title="MicroBlaze">MicroBlaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicoBlaze" title="PicoBlaze">PicoBlaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nios_embedded_processor" title="Nios embedded processor">Nios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nios_II" title="Nios II">Nios II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_Optimized_Processor" title="Java Optimized Processor">JOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LatticeMico32" title="LatticeMico32">LatticeMico32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCores" title="OpenCores">OpenCores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRISC" title="OpenRISC">OpenRISC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenRISC_1200" title="OpenRISC 1200">1200</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libre-SOC" title="Libre-SOC">Libre-SOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenPOWER_Microwatt" title="OpenPOWER Microwatt">Microwatt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zet_(hardware)" title="Zet (hardware)">Zet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq-100" title="Template talk:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies of the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> index</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_(company)" title="ADP (company)">ADP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power" title="American Electric Power">AEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansys" title="Ansys">Ansys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlassian" title="Atlassian">Atlassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDW" title="CDW">CDW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Charter Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cintas" title="Cintas">Cintas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners" title="Coca-Cola Europacific 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title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastenal" title="Fastenal">Fastenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories" title="Idexx Laboratories">Idexx Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical" title="Intuitive Surgical">Intuitive Surgical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper" title="Keurig Dr Pepper">Keurig Dr 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title="Moderna">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondelez_International" title="Mondelez International">Mondelez International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MongoDB_Inc." title="MongoDB Inc.">MongoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Beverage" title="Monster Beverage">Monster Beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks" title="Palo Alto Networks">Palo Alto Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paychex" title="Paychex">Paychex</a></li> <li><a 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Discovery">Warner Bros. 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