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class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тӗп меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Тӗп меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тӗп меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навигаци </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тӗп страницӑна куҫ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Тӗп страница</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8"><span>А-Я индекс</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B"><span>Ҫӗнӗ страницӑсем</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Юлашки улшӑнусен йышӗ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Улшăннисем</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ӑнсӑртран суйланӑ страницӑпа паллаш [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ăнсăртран лекнĕ страница</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Хальхи пулӑмсем ҫинчен"><span>Хыпарсем</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Хутшăнасси" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Хутшăнасси" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Хутшăнасси </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Проект пирки, кунта мӗн тума май пулли ҫинчен, тата ӑҫта мӗн вырнаҫни пирки"><span>Портал</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%83"><span>Канашлу</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83" title="Ыйтса пӗлмелли вырӑн"><span>Пулăшу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википеди" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cv.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Шырамалли</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википеди сайтра шыра" aria-label="Википеди сайтра шыра" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ятарлă:Поиск"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Шыра</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Курӑнакан калӑплав</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv" class=""><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Касаклăхăн_кун-çулĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касаклăхăн_кун-çулĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Касаклăхăн кун-çулĕ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Касаклăхăн_кун-çулĕ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Касаклăхăн кун-çулĕ айри пая Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Касаклăхăн_кун-çулĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Историре_палăртни" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Историре_палăртни"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Историре палăртни</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Историре_палăртни-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Касаксен_çарĕсене_йĕркелени" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касаксен_çарĕсене_йĕркелени"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Касаксен çарĕсене йĕркелени</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Касаксен_çарĕсене_йĕркелени-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çĕнĕ_çĕрсене_йышăнни" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çĕнĕ_çĕрсене_йышăнни"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Çĕнĕ çĕрсене йышăнни</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çĕнĕ_çĕрсене_йышăнни-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Касак_çарĕсемпе_пĕрлĕхĕсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касак_çарĕсемпе_пĕрлĕхĕсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Касак çарĕсемпе пĕрлĕхĕсем</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Касак_çарĕсемпе_пĕрлĕхĕсем-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Касак çарĕсемпе пĕрлĕхĕсем айри пая Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Касак_çарĕсемпе_пĕрлĕхĕсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Касак_çарĕсем_XX_ĕмĕр_пуçне" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касак_çарĕсем_XX_ĕмĕр_пуçне"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Касак çарĕсем XX ĕмĕр пуçне</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Касак_çарĕсем_XX_ĕмĕр_пуçне-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Раççей_касакĕсен_пĕрлĕхĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Раççей_касакĕсен_пĕрлĕхĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Раççей касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Раççей_касакĕсен_пĕрлĕхĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Касак_çарĕсен_тумтир_уйрăмлăхĕсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касак_çарĕсен_тумтир_уйрăмлăхĕсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Касак çарĕсен тумтир уйрăмлăхĕсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Касак_çарĕсен_тумтир_уйрăмлăхĕсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хальхи_Касак_çарĕсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хальхи_Касак_çарĕсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Хальхи Касак çарĕсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хальхи_Касак_çарĕсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Касак_пăлхавĕсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касак_пăлхавĕсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Касак пăлхавĕсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Касак_пăлхавĕсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Касак_республикисем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Касак_республикисем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Касак республикисем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Касак_республикисем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Терминологи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Терминологи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Терминологи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Терминологи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вуламалли" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вуламалли"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Вуламалли</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вуламалли-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Çавăн пекех пăхăр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Касаксем</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 88 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="суйласа илнĕ статьясем"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosakke" title="Kosakke — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kosakke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82" title="قوزاق — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوزاق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82" title="قوزاق — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قوزاق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosacu" title="Cosacu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cosacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaklar" title="Kazaklar — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kazaklar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Казактар — башкирский" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Казактар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Казацтва — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Казакі — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казакі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Казаци — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казаци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozaked" title="Kozaked — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kozaked" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozaci" title="Kozaci — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kozaci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosacs" title="Cosacs — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cosacs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="ГӀалагӀазкхий — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀалагӀазкхий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqlar" title="Qazaqlar — крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qazaqlar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koz%C3%A1ci" title="Kozáci — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kozáci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Коꙁаци — церковнославянский" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Коꙁаци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="церковнославянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosaciaid" title="Cosaciaid — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cosaciaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosakker" title="Kosakker — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kosakker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosaken" title="Kosaken — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kosaken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Κοζάκοι — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοζάκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cossacks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozakoj" title="Kozakoj — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kozakoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosaco" title="Cosaco — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cosaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakad" title="Kasakad — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasakad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosako" title="Kosako — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kosako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="مردم کازاک — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم کازاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakat" title="Kasakat — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasakat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosaques" title="Cosaques — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cosaques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cos%C3%A2cs" title="Cosâcs — фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cosâcs" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosacaigh" title="Cosacaigh — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cosacaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosagaich" title="Cosagaich — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cosagaich" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosacos" title="Cosacos — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cosacos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קוזאקים — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוזאקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="कोज़ाक — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोज़ाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozaci" title="Kozaci — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kozaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koz%C3%A1kok" title="Kozákok — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kozákok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կազակություն — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կազակություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Kazaki" title="Bangsa Kazaki — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangsa Kazaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3sakkar" title="Kósakkar — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kósakkar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosacchi" title="Cosacchi — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cosacchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="コサック — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コサック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კაზაკები — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაზაკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Казактар — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Казактар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾಸ್ಯಾಕರು — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಸ್ಯಾಕರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC" title="카자크 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카자크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Казак-орустар — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казак-орустар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosaci" title="Cosaci — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cosaci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazokai" title="Kazokai — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazokai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaki" title="Kazaki — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazaki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Козакт — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Козакт" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4z%C3%A0ka_(vahoaka)" title="Kôzàka (vahoaka) — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôzàka (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Казак — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Казак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Козаци — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Козаци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="കൊസാക്കുകൾ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊസാക്കുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Казак — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казак" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozak" title="Kozak — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kozak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozakken" title="Kozakken — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kozakken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosakkar" title="Kosakkar — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kosakkar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosakker" title="Kosakker — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kosakker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosacs" title="Cosacs — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cosacs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Хъазахъхъаг адæм — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъазахъхъаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95" title="ਕਸਾਕ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਸਾਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozacy" title="Kozacy — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kozacy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="کاسک — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاسک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossacos" title="Cossacos — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cossacos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaci" title="Cazaci — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cazaci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Казаки — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казаки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozaci" title="Kozaci — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kozaci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cossacks" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koz%C3%A1ci" title="Kozáci — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kozáci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozaki" title="Kozaki — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kozaki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Козаци — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Козаци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosacker" title="Kosacker — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kosacker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கோசாக் மக்கள் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோசாக் மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Казакҳо — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Казакҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="คอสแซ็ก — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอสแซ็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaklar_(Slav)" title="Kazaklar (Slav) — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazaklar (Slav)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Казаклар — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казаклар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Козаки — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Козаки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="کازاک — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کازاک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaklar" title="Kazaklar — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kazaklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozakad" title="Kozakad — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kozakad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack" title="Cossack — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cossack" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozake" title="Cozake — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cozake" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B" title="哥萨克 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哥萨克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="კაზაკეფი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კაზაკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="哥薩克 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哥薩克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="哥薩克人 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥薩克人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47805#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&oldid=767439" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&id=767439&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cossacks" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47805" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Касаксем</b> — <a href="/wiki/XV_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XV ĕмĕр">XV ĕмĕрте</a> литва-крым чикĕ çĕрĕсенче (<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Днепр (юханшыв)">Днепр</a> тăрăхĕ) йĕркеленнĕ кăнтăр вырăс тата украин <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Субэтнос (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">субэтносĕсем</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Касаклăхăн_кун-çулĕ"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BA.D1.83.D0.BD-.C3.A7.D1.83.D0.BB.C4.95"></span>Касаклăхăн кун-çулĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Касаклăхăн кун-çулĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касаклăхăн кун-çулĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Историре_палăртни"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.80.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Историре палăртни</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Историре палăртни пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Историре палăртни»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/350px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/525px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/700px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4122" data-file-height="2437" /></a><figcaption>«Запорож касакĕсем турккă султанĕ патне çыру çыраççĕ» <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Илья Репин (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">И. Репин</a>, <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Касаксен_çарĕсене_йĕркелени"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD_.C3.A7.D0.B0.D1.80.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B9.C4.95.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Касаксен çарĕсене йĕркелени</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Касаксен çарĕсене йĕркелени пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касаксен çарĕсене йĕркелени»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Çĕнĕ_çĕрсене_йышăнни"><span id=".C3.87.C4.95.D0.BD.C4.95_.C3.A7.C4.95.D1.80.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B9.D1.8B.D1.88.C4.83.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Çĕнĕ çĕрсене йышăнни</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Çĕнĕ çĕрсене йышăнни пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çĕнĕ çĕрсене йышăнни»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Касак_çарĕсемпе_пĕрлĕхĕсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA_.C3.A7.D0.B0.D1.80.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.B5_.D0.BF.C4.95.D1.80.D0.BB.C4.95.D1.85.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Касак çарĕсемпе пĕрлĕхĕсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Касак çарĕсемпе пĕрлĕхĕсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касак çарĕсемпе пĕрлĕхĕсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Касак_çарĕсем_XX_ĕмĕр_пуçне"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA_.C3.A7.D0.B0.D1.80.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC_XX_.C4.95.D0.BC.C4.95.D1.80_.D0.BF.D1.83.C3.A7.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Касак çарĕсем XX ĕмĕр пуçне</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Касак çарĕсем XX ĕмĕр пуçне пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касак çарĕсем XX ĕмĕр пуçне»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> çулта пур касак шучĕ 4,4 млн. çын пулнă. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8" title="Пĕрремĕш Тĕнче вăрçи">Пĕрремĕш Тĕнче вăрçи</a> пуçламăш тĕлне вунпĕр касак çарĕ пулнă. </p><p>Раççей Империйĕ аркансан, граждан вăрçи тапхăрĕнче касаксем темиçе патшалах йĕркеленĕ: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кубань Халăх Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Кубань Халăх Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тан Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тан Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тер Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тер Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Урал Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Урал Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80_%C3%87%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çĕпĕр Çичшыв Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çĕпĕр Çичшыв Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Байкал Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Байкал Касак Республики</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv&wpDestFile=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" class="new" title="Ӳкерчĕк:Владимиров. Уральские казаки в походе.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="320">Ӳкерчĕк:Владимиров. Уральские казаки в походе.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Владимиров. Яик касакĕсем харçăра.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иркут касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Иркут касак çарĕ</a> (Иркут)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калмăк касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Калмăк касак çарĕ</a> (Калмыки)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ăренпур касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Ăренпур касак çарĕ</a> (Ăренпур, Свердлов, Челепи, Курган, Пушкăртстан)</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv&wpDestFile=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F,_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B._1904.jpg" class="new" title="Ӳкерчĕк:Посидим у моря, подождем погоды. 1904.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="320">Ӳкерчĕк:Посидим у моря, подождем погоды. 1904.jpg</span></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81-%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вырăс-япун вăрçи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Вырăс-япун вăрçи</a> пуçламăшĕнчи вырăс плакачĕ: Маньчжурипе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Порт-Артур">Порт-Артура</a> хӳтĕлекен касак, <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> çул.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çичшыв касакĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çичшыв касак çарĕ</a> (Алматапа Чуй, Казахстан)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çĕпĕр касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çĕпĕр касак çарĕ</a> (Кемĕр, Томь, Алтай, Çĕнĕ Çĕпĕр)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Терек касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Терек касак çарĕ</a> (Кабарда-Палкари, Ç. Осети, Чечня, Дагестан)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Урал касакĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Урал касак çарĕ</a> (Урал, Казахстанри Гурьев) — 1918—1920 çулсенче саланнă, халĕ сахал ушкăнсемпе палăрса тăрать.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уссури касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Уссури касак çарĕ</a> (Тинĕсçум)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хабар касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хабар касак çарĕ</a> (Хабар)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BB%C3%A7%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95" title="Атăлçи касак çарĕ">Атăлçи касак çарĕ</a> (Самар, Сарăту, Чĕмпĕр, Тутарстан)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тĕп касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тĕп касак çарĕ</a> (Раççейĕн тĕп облаçĕсем), çав шутра:</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хура тинĕс касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хура тинĕс касак çарĕ</a> (Крым тата кăнтăр Украина)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Украин реестр касаклăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Украин реестр касаклăхĕ</a> (Пур Украина касак çарĕ),</li></ul> <p>çаплах </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ставрополь касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Ставрополь касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ</a> (Ставрополь)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тухăç Казахстан облаçĕн касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тухăç Казахстан облаçĕн касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ</a> (çурçĕр-тухăç Казахстан)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Камчат уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Камчат уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ</a> (Камчатка)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сахалин уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сахалин уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ</a> (Сахалин)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çурçĕр-Анăç уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çурçĕр-Анăç уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ</a> (Ленинград облаçĕпе юнашаррисем)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Курск касак тăрăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Курск касак тăрăхĕ</a> (Курск)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чулман Атăл уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Чулман Атăл уйрăм касак тăрăхĕ</a> (Пермь, Удмурти)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çурçĕр Тан касак тăрăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çурçĕр Тан касак тăрăхĕ</a> (Воронеж)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Якути касак полкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Якути касак полкĕ</a> (Якути)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv&wpDestFile=Belie_Kazaki.JPG" class="new" title="Ӳкерчĕк:Belie Kazaki.JPG"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="320">Ӳкерчĕк:Belie Kazaki.JPG</span></a><figcaption>Касаксем – шурă хӳтĕлевçĕсем (гвардейсем)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Раççей_касакĕсен_пĕрлĕхĕ"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.C3.A7.C3.A7.D0.B5.D0.B9_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BF.C4.95.D1.80.D0.BB.C4.95.D1.85.C4.95"></span>Раççей касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Раççей касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Раççей касакĕсен пĕрлĕхĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Раççей касакĕсен Пĕрлĕхне</b> 1990 çулхи çĕртме, 28—30 Мускаври Мăн касак çавракăшне йĕркеленĕ. Унтах Устава, Атамансен канашне тата Атаман ертӳлĕхне ĕçлĕхе кĕртнĕ. Пĕрремĕш Атаман пулма Александр Мартынова суйланă. Ертӳлĕхе Атамансăр пуçне атаманăн 2 çумĕ, кошевой атаман тата 8 çар старшинисем кĕреççĕ. </p><p>1990 çулхи юпа, 29 — раштав, 1 Краснодар хулинче иртнĕ атамансен Мăн канашĕнче «Раççей касаклăхĕн Декларацине» йышăннă, ялав, паллăсене тата харçă атаманĕн статутне йышăннă. </p><p>1990 çулхи юпа, 7—10 Ставрополь хулинче касаксен Пĕрлĕхĕн II Мăн çавракăшĕ (съезд) ĕçлет. Мăн çавракăш Раççее Çурçĕр Казахстана, Кăнтăр Осетине тата ытти «авалхи вырăс» территорисене тавăрас шухăша янравланă, Раççей шутĕнче касак республикисене йĕркелес ĕмĕте çирĕплетнĕ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Касак_çарĕсен_тумтир_уйрăмлăхĕсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA_.C3.A7.D0.B0.D1.80.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.82.D1.83.D0.BC.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.80_.D1.83.D0.B9.D1.80.C4.83.D0.BC.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Касак çарĕсен тумтир уйрăмлăхĕсем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Касак çарĕсен тумтир уйрăмлăхĕсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касак çарĕсен тумтир уйрăмлăхĕсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>амур касакĕсем - тĕксĕм-симĕс мундирсем, сарă лампассем</li> <li>аçтăрхан касакĕсем - кăвак мундирсем, сарă лампассем</li> <li>тан касакĕсем - кăвак мундирсем, хĕрлĕ лампассем</li> <li>байкал касакĕсем – тĕксĕм-симĕс мундирсем, сарă лампассем</li> <li>ăренпур касакĕсем - тĕксĕм-симĕс мундирсем, синкер лампассем</li> <li>урал касакĕсем - кăвак мундирсем, шупка хĕрлĕ лампассем</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хальхи_Касак_çарĕсем"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8C.D1.85.D0.B8_.D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA_.C3.A7.D0.B0.D1.80.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Хальхи Касак çарĕсем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Хальхи Касак çарĕсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="Редактировать код раздела «Хальхи Касак çарĕсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хăйсене касак тесе Раççейре тата çывăх çĕрсенче 7 млн. çын йышăнать. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> - мĕш <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">—1990</a> - мĕш çулсенче çĕнетсе икĕ вунлăха яхăн касак çарĕ йĕркелесе хунă. Вĕсем Раççей касакĕсен Пĕрлĕхĕ (Тан касак çарĕсĕр пуçне) шутне кĕреççĕ. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Амур касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Амур касак çарĕ</a> (Амур)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%C3%A7%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аçтăрхан касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Аçтăрхан касак çарĕ</a> (Аçтăрхан)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кубань касакĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пĕтĕм Кубань касак çарĕ</a> (Краснодар, Адыгей, Карачай-Черкеси)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тан касакĕсем">Тан касак çарĕ</a> (Ростов, Волгоград, Украинăри Лукань) — Раççей касакĕсен Пĕрлешĕвне кĕмеççĕ.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Енисей касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Енисей касак çарĕ</a> (Краснояр)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Байкал касак çарĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Байкал касак çарĕ</a> (Чита, Буряти)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Касак_пăлхавĕсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA_.D0.BF.C4.83.D0.BB.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Касак пăлхавĕсем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Касак пăлхавĕсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касак пăлхавĕсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Касаксем сахал мар çӳлти тĕп тытăма хирĕç тухса кĕрешнĕ (вырăс <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пăтранчăк (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пăтранчăкĕнче</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Степан Разин (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Разинпа</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Емельян Пугачёв (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пугачёв</a> пăлхавĕсенче), <a href="/wiki/XIX_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XIX ĕмĕр">XIX ĕмĕрте</a> вара <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аслă Октябрь социаллă революци (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Октябрь революцийĕчченех</a> вĕсем Раççей патшалăхлăхĕпе патша тытăмлăхĕн хӳтĕлевçисем шутланнă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Касак_республикисем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BA_.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Касак республикисем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Касак республикисем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=11" title="Редактировать код раздела «Касак республикисем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1991 çулхи кĕркунне СССР арканнă тапхăрта суверенитет парачĕсем анлă иртнĕ СССР чух касаксем те темиçе республика йĕркелеме пикеннĕ: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тан Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тан Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Терек Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Терек Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Армавир Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Армавир Касак Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тури Кубань Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тури Кубань Касак Республики</a>, унăн шутĕнче икĕ республика: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D3%B3%D0%BA-%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çĕленчӳк-Уруп Касак Совет Социаллă Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çĕленчӳк-Уруп Касак Совет Социаллă Республики</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Паталпаш Касак Республики (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Паталпаш Касак Республики</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> çулхи <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B0,_20" title="Юпа, 20">юпа, 20</a> Раççей Кăнтăрĕн касаклăхĕн Пĕрлĕхĕ чĕннипе Çĕнĕ Черкас хулинче ирттернĕ Мăн çавракăш канашĕнче çак пур республикăна <b>Раççей Кăнтăрĕн Касак Республикисен Пĕрлĕхне</b> пухса, пулас Çĕнĕ Пĕрлĕхлĕ Патшалăхра (ÇПП) пĕрлĕх республики статусне йышăнса, тĕп хулине <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çĕнĕ Черкас (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çĕнĕ Черкаса</a> тăвас тĕллев палăртса хунă. </p><p>Пĕрлĕхĕн тытăмĕн ĕçтăваканĕсене йĕркеленĕ, Мускавра Элчĕ станицине никĕсленĕ, РККРП элчине ĕç вырăнне панă. Анчах та Совет Союзĕ пĕтсе ларать те Раççей Федерацинче касак республикисене йĕркелесе хута ярайман. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Терминологи"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8"></span>Терминологи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Терминологи пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=12" title="Редактировать код раздела «Терминологи»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Çар</b> — пысăк çар административлă виçи</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атаман (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Атаман</a></b> — çарпуçĕ</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хетьмăн (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хетьмăн</a></b> — касак çарĕн пуçлăхĕ</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сотня (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сотня</a></b> — çар подразделение</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Станица (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Станица</a></b> — касаксен пурăну вырăнĕ, ялĕ.</li> <li><b>Касак, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хушуллă (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">хушуллă</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Урядник (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">урядник</a> (кĕçĕнни, асли), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%C3%A7%D0%B8_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BC%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хурăнçи çумĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">хурăнçи çумĕ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%C3%A7%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хурăнçи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">хурăнçи</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BF%D3%B3" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Çĕрпӳ">çĕрпӳ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Подъесаул (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">подъесаул</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Есаул (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">есаул</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çар старшини (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">çар старшини</a></b> — касак <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çар тивĕç паллисем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">çар тивĕç паллисем</a> (кĕçĕннинчен аслине ӳсмелле)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вуламалли"><span id=".D0.92.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Вуламалли</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Вуламалли пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=13" title="Редактировать код раздела «Вуламалли»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Ключевский Василий Осипович">В. О. Ключевский</a>, «Курс русской истории», том 3, М. 1988</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр"><span id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85_.D0.BF.C4.83.D1.85.C4.83.D1.80"></span>Çавăн пекех пăхăр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Çавăн пекех пăхăр пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=14" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çавăн пекех пăхăр»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%C3%A7)" title="Казаки (повеç)">Лев Толстой, «Казаки»</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Казахсем">Казахсем</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Касак генералĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Касак генералĕ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=15" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cossackdom.com/indexr.html">Казачество XV—XXI вв. 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