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He retired as Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a> in 2003. Adelman was one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_College" title="Rochdale College">Rochdale College</a>, as well as the founder and director of York's Centre for Refugee Studies. He was editor of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refuge_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refuge (journal) (page does not exist)">Refuge</a></i> for ten years, and since his retirement he has received several honorary university and governmental appointments in Canada and abroad. Adelman was the recipient of numerous awards and grants, and presented the inaugural lecture in a series named in his honor at York University in 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Howard Adelman was born January 7, 1938, in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Who_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned a B.A. (1960), M.A. (1963), and Ph.D. (1971) in philosophy from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, and was a member of the faculty at York University in Toronto from 1966 until his retirement in 2003. As a nineteen-year-old philosophy student, Adelman was hired in 1958 by the Campus Co-operative to meet a growing need for student housing at the University of Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Adelman's advice, Campus Co-op acquired additional properties and formed Co-operative College Residences Inc., a non-profit offshoot. Later, while a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Toronto (1963–1964) and assistant professor at York University (1966–1970), Adelman was one of the principal founders of <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_College" title="Rochdale College">Rochdale College</a>, an experimental "free university" organized on the cooperative principle of its British namesake. After obtaining federal mortgages at well below market rates, Campus Co-op incorporated Rochdale College in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An energetic and entrepreneurial spirit with boundless imagination and a playful sense of humor, at that time Adelman was prone to saying he "teaches at the University of Toronto and studies at Rochdale."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adelman was the founder and director of York's Centre for Refugee Studies (1988–1993) and for ten years he was editor of Canada's periodical on refugees, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refuge_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refuge (journal) (page does not exist)">Refuge</a></i> until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Who_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_and_recognition">Service and recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Service and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adelman served in many university positions at York University, including acting dean of Atkinson College, two terms as director of the graduate program in philosophy, and chair of the Department of Philosophy at York University. He served as Vice-Chair, York University Senate (1980–81), and as its Chair (1981–82). Adelman served as National Chair of Canadian Professors for Peace in the Middle East (1983–84), and Director of the Refugee Documentation Project (1982–86).<sup id="cite_ref-CRS20_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008 Adelman was honored as the keynote speaker at the First Annual Howard Adelman Lecture in celebration of the Centre for Refugee Studies’ 20th anniversary. Held during Refugee Rights Week in Toronto, Adelman reviewed recent research on refugees, suggesting it is probably more beneficial than detrimental to assist refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS20_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-retirement">Post-retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After retiring in 2003, Adelman was appointed visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson School">Woodrow Wilson School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 2004. In 2008, Adelman became a senior research fellow at the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at <a href="/wiki/Griffith_University" title="Griffith University">Griffith University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Australia. He served as the deputy convener of GovNet, a consortium of researchers on governance issues in Australia, and as research director of the International Consortium of Research on Governance of the Health Workforce. He was producer and host of a weekly television program, Israel Today, broadcast in Canada and parts of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS20_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2016, Adelman was named a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Canada">Member of the Order of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Howard Adelman died on July 23, 2023, at the age of 85.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarship">Scholarship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The author, coauthor or editor of 23 scholarly books and over 100 articles and book chapters, in addition to numerous other papers, addresses, and professional reports, Adelman has written extensively on the Middle East, humanitarian intervention, membership rights, ethics, early warning and conflict management, refugee repatriation, policy and resettlement, including his contribution in 2000 to the Institutional Component of the Early Warning and Conflict Management System set up by IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development) for the Horn of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS20_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps best known for his work in applied philosophy concerning <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration policy">immigration policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, Adelman published a major study entitled <i>Early Warning and Conflict Management: Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda</i> (1996) as part of the 5 volume study <i>International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience</i>. In 1999, he co-edited <i>The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire</i>, already regarded a classic on the subject. Adelman served as an associate editor for the Macmillan three-volume <i>Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity</i> (2005). These efforts earned international acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS20_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His earlier works included publications on social criticism and reform of universities, including <i>The University Game</i>, co-edited with <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lee_(author)" title="Dennis Lee (author)">Dennis Lee</a> (1968), <i>The Beds of Academe</i> (1970), and <i>The Holiversity</i> (1973). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Military Intervention and Non-Intervention in the Twenty-First Century: An Australian Perspective</i>, with Charles Sampford. 2009. New York: Routledge.</li> <li><i>Rites of Return</i>, with Elazar Barkan. 2009. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</li> <li><i>Protracted Displacement in Asia: No Place to Call Home</i>. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7238-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7238-8">978-0-7546-7238-8</a></li> <li>"Blaming the United Nations." 2008. <i>Journal of International Political Theory</i>. 4 (April): 9–33</li> <li><i>Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity</i>. 3 vols. Edited with <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shelton" title="Dinah Shelton">Dinah Shelton</a>. Detroit: Thomson/Gale, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-865992-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-865992-9">0-02-865992-9</a></li> <li><i>War and Peace in Zaire-Congo: Analyzing and Evaluating Intervention</i>, 1996–1997. With Govind C. Rao. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59221-130-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59221-130-5">1-59221-130-5</a></li> <li>"From Refugees to Forced Migration: The UNHCR and Human Security. 2001. <i>International Migration Review</i> 35 (Spring 2001): 7–32.</li> <li>"Rwanda Revisited: In Search for Lessons." 2000. <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i> 2: 431–444.</li> <li>"Preventing Genocide: The Case of Rwanda," In <i>Genocide: Essays Toward Understanding Early-Warning and Prevention</i>, Roger W. Smith, ed. Williamsburg: Virginia: Association of Genocide Scholars, 1999.</li> <li><i>The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire</i>. Edited with Astri Suhrke. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1999.</li> <li>"The Ethics of Intervention – Rwanda." In <i>Dilemmas of Intervention: Sovereignty vs. Responsibility</i>. Richard H. Ulman and Michael Keren, eds. London: Frank Cass Publications, 1999.</li> <li>"Control and Prevention: Canadian Refugee Policy: The Case of Rwanda." In <i>Immigration and Refugee Policy: Canada and Europe</i>. Howard Adelman, ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.</li> <li>"Difficulties in Early Warning: Networking and Conflict Management." In <i>Early Warning and Conflict Prevention: Limitations and Opportunities</i>. Alfred van Staden and Klaas van Walraven, eds. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998.</li> <li><i>Early Warning: Theory and Practice</i>. Edited with Susan Schmeidl. New York: Columbia University Press On Line, 1998.</li> <li>"Early Warning and Prevention: The Case of Rwanda," In <i>Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes</i>. Frances Nicholson, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</li> <li>"Lamentations: The Death and Rebirth of the Civil Society or The Wisdom of the Alien Other in a Global Civilization." In <i>Devolution and Post-Multiculturalism</i>, Michael Lanphier, ed. Toronto: Artemis, 1998.</li> <li><i>Membership and Dismemberment: The Body Politic and Genocide in Rwanda</i>. New York: Columbia University Press, Columbia International Affairs Online, 1998.</li> <li>"Modernity, Globalization, Refugees and Displacement." In <i>Refugees, Contemporary Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration</i>, Alastair Ager, ed. New York: Cassell Publishers, 1998.</li> <li>"State Crime and Migration" In <i>Migration and Crime</i>, Alex P. Schmid, ed. Milan: ISPAC, 1998.</li> <li>"Why Refugee Warriors Are Threats." 1998. <i>Journal of Conflict Studies</i> 18 (Spring): 49–69.</li> <li>"The Failure to Prevent Genocide: The Case of Rwanda." 1997. <i>Mediterranean Social Sciences Review</i> 2 (Winter): 41–65.</li> <li>"Of Human Bondage: Labour, Bondage and Freedom in the Phenomenology." In <i>Essays on Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit</i>, Jon Stewart, ed. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.</li> <li>"Preventing Massacre: The Case of Kibeho." In <i>The Rwanda Crisis: Healing and Protection Strategies</i>, Sally Gacharuzi, ed. Kensington, MD: Overview Press, 1997.</li> <li><i>Early Warning and Conflict Management</i>, Volume 2 of <i>The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience</i>, edited with Astri Suhrke. Copenhagen: DANIDA, 1996.</li> <li>"Early Warning and Response: Why the International Community Failed to Prevent the Genocide," with Astri Suhrke. 1996. <i>Disasters: The Journal of Disaster Studies and Management</i> 20 (December).</li> <li>"Indifference versus Sentiment." 1996. <i>New Routes: A Journal of Peace Research and Action</i> 1: 11–30.</li> <li><i>Multiculturalism, Jews, and Identities in Canada</i>. With John H. Simpson. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-223-920-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-223-920-8">965-223-920-8</a></li> <li>"The Right of Repatriation - Canadian Refugee Policy: The Case of Rwanda." 1996. <i>International Migration Review</i> 30(Spring), 289–309.</li> <li>"Canada, Quebec and Refugee Claimants." In <i>Is Quebec Nationalism Just: Perspectives from Anglophone Canada</i>. Joseph Carens, ed. McGill-Queens University Press, 1995.</li> <li><i>Legitimate and Illegitimate Discrimination: New Issues in Migration</i>. Geneva: UNESCO; York Lanes Press, 1995.</li> <li><i>African Refugees: Development Aid and Repatriation</i>. Edited with John Sorenson. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-8460-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-8460-5">0-8133-8460-5</a></li> <li><i>Canadian Immigration and Refugee Policy and Practice</i>. Berlin: Edition Parabolis, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88402-170-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-88402-170-2">3-88402-170-2</a></li> <li><i>The Genesis of a Domestic Regime: The Case of Hungary</i>. With Endre Sik and Geza Tessenyi. Toronto: York Lanes Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55014-237-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55014-237-2">1-55014-237-2</a></li> <li>"Immigrants and Refugees: Between the Pre-Modern and the Post-Modern World." 1994. <i>Jahrbuch für Vergeichende Sozialforschung</i>. Berlin: Edition Parabolis, 133–156.</li> <li><i>Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared</i>. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-7608-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-7608-4">0-8020-7608-4</a> (v. 1) 0802076092 (v. 2)</li> <li>"Refugees: A Conceptual View of Current Research and Towards a Research Framework for the 1990s." In <i>Crossing Borders: Transmigration in Asia Pacific</i>. Ong Jin Hui, Chan Kwok Bun and Chew Soon Beng, eds. Singapore: Prentice Hall; Simon & Schuster, 1994.</li> <li>"What Can Europe Learn from Canada?" 1994. <i>Migration: A European Journal of International Migration and Ethnic Relations</i> 1–2: 5–14.</li> <li>"The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of the Kurdish Refugees." 1992. <i>Public Affairs Quarterly</i> 6: 61–88.</li> <li>"Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of the Kurds," 1992. <i>International Journal of Refugee Law</i> 4: 4–38.</li> <li><i>Refugee Policy: Canada and the United States</i>. Toronto: York University, Centre for Refugee Studies; Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies of New York, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934733-63-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-934733-63-5">0-934733-63-5</a></li> <li><i>Refuge or Asylum? A Choice for Canada</i>. With C. Michael Lanphier. Toronto: York Lanes Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55014-114-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55014-114-7">1-55014-114-7</a></li> <li><i>The Indochinese Refugee Movement: The Canadian Experience</i>. Toronto: Operation Lifeline, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9690599-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9690599-0-6">0-9690599-0-6</a></li> <li>"The physiology of the university." <i>Higher Education</i> 7(February): 87–93, 1978.</li> <li><i>The Holiversity</i>. Toronto: New Press, 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88770-694-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88770-694-0">0-88770-694-0</a></li> <li><i>Rational Explanation in History</i>. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto. Ottawa: National Library of Canada. Canadian Theses on Microfilm, #11528. Public Archives of Canada, Central Microfilm Unit, 1972.</li> <li><i>The Beds of Academe</i>. Toronto: Praxis Press, 1969.</li> <li><i>The University Game</i>, co-edited with <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lee_(author)" title="Dennis Lee (author)">Dennis Lee</a>. Toronto: House of Anansi Press, 1968.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Who-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Who_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumley1998" class="citation book cs1">Lumley, Elizabeth (1998). <i>Canadian Who's Who 1997</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Who%27s+Who+1997&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Lumley&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Adelman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mietkiewicz and Mackowycz 1988, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mietkiewicz and Mackowycz 1988, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelmanLee,_Dennis1968" class="citation book cs1">Adelman, Howard; Lee, Dennis (1968). <i>The University Game</i>. Toronto: House of Anansi Press. p. 175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+Game&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Adelman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Lee%2C+Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Adelman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRS20-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRS20_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRS20_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRS20_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRS20_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRS20_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/yfile/archive/index.asp?Article=10243">"Howard Adelman Lecture to celebrate CRS's 20th anniversary"</a>. <i>Y File</i>. Toronto: York University. 3 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Y+File&rft.atitle=Howard+Adelman+Lecture+to+celebrate+CRS%27s+20th+anniversary&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Fyfile%2Farchive%2Findex.asp%3FArticle%3D10243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Adelman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adelman, Howard, "Does Research on Refugees Help Refugees?" Refugee Rights Week. York University Centre for Refugees, Toronto, Ontario, April 10, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/order-canada-newest-appointees-2016-150-1.3916634">"Order of Canada's newest appointees include Paralympian, Supreme Court judge and astrophysicist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, December 30, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/ca/obituaries/theglobeandmail/name/howard-adelman-obituary?id=52546559">"Howard Adelman"</a>. <i>The Globe & Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span> – via Legacy.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+%26+Mail&rft.atitle=Howard+Adelman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fca%2Fobituaries%2Ftheglobeandmail%2Fname%2Fhoward-adelman-obituary%3Fid%3D52546559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Adelman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMietkiewiczMackowycz,_Bob1988" class="citation book cs1">Mietkiewicz, Henry; Mackowycz, Bob (1988). <i>Dream Tower: The Life and Legacy of Rochdale College</i>. Scarborough: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-549597-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-549597-X"><bdi>0-07-549597-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dream+Tower%3A+The+Life+and+Legacy+of+Rochdale+College&rft.place=Scarborough&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Ryerson&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-07-549597-X&rft.aulast=Mietkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Mackowycz%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Adelman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumley2001" class="citation book cs1">Lumley, Elizabeth (2001). <i>Canadian Who's Who</i>. University of Toronto Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-4958-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-4958-3"><bdi>0-8020-4958-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Who%27s+Who&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8020-4958-3&rft.aulast=Lumley&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Adelman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Adelman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a 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