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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Biscay (disambiguation)">Biscay (disambiguation)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style> <p><b>Biscay</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BISK</span>-ay, <span style="font-size:90%">BISK</span>-ee</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">Bizkaia</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="eu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[bis̻kai.a]</a></span>; Spanish: <i lang="es">Vizcaya</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[biθˈkaʝa]</a></span>) or <i>Bizkaia</i>, is a province of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Autonomous_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Autonomous Community">Basque Autonomous Community</a>, heir of the ancient <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lordship_of_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lordship of Biscay">Lordship of Biscay</a>, lying on the south shore of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Biscay">eponymous bay</a>. The capital and largest city is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>.</p> <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"> <div class="fn org"> Biscay </div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"> <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Bizkaia</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span><br><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Vizcaya</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <div class="category"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Historical Territory of Biscay<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#endnote_a">1</a></sup></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Biscay"><img alt="Flag of Biscay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg/100px-Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg/150px-Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg/200px-Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></a></span> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> Flag </div> </div> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Biscay"><img alt="Coat-of-arms of Biscay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Biscay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1232"></a></span> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> Coat of arms </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Biscay_in_Spain.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Biscay_in_Spain.svg/250px-Biscay_in_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Biscay_in_Spain.svg/375px-Biscay_in_Spain.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Biscay_in_Spain.svg/500px-Biscay_in_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1016"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBiscay%26params%3D43_15_43_N_2_55_56_W_region:ES-SS_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°15′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°55′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.26194°N 2.93222°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.26194; -2.93222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th> <td class="infobox-data">Spain</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Autonomous community</th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560"></span></span> </span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy General</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elixabete_Etxanobe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elixabete Etxanobe">Elixabete Etxanobe</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Nationalist Party">PNV</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">2,217 km<sup>2</sup> (856 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> <span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023) </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1,153,282</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th> <td class="infobox-data">520/km<sup>2</sup> (1,300/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Spanish_provinces_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish provinces by population">Ranked</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">9</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Percent <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">2.47%</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Biscayne, Biscayan, <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">bizkaitar(ra)</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">vizcaíno/a</i></span></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Official_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque</a> • Spanish</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parliament</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juntas_Generales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juntas Generales">Juntas Generales</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress seats</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">8</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate seats</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">4</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juntas_Generales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juntas Generales">Juntas Generales de Vizcaya</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">51</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bizkaia.net/">Diputación Foral de Vizcaya</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"> <dl> <dd> 1. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ref_a">^</a></b></span> Complete official names: <i>Bizkaiko Lurralde Historikoa</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque</a>) and <i>Territorio Histórico de Bizkaia</i> (Spanish) </dd> </dl></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">services sector</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Names"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Names</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bizkaia"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Bizkaia</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vizcaya"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Vizcaya</i></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paleolithic"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Paleolithic</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Middle_Paleolithic"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Paleolithic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Late_Paleolithic"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Late Paleolithic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Epi-paleolithic"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Epi-paleolithic</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Neolithic"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Neolithic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chalcolithic_and_Bronze_Age"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Chalcolithic and Bronze Age</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Iron_Age"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Iron Age</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roman_period"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Roman period</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Middle_Ages"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modern_age"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Modern age</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#20th_century"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">20th century</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Features"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administrative_divisions"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Administrative divisions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historical"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modern"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Modern</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Government_and_foral_institutions"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Government and foral institutions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Juntas_Generales"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Juntas Generales</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Foral_Diputation"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Foral Diputation</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roads"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roads</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Air"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Air</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Commuter_rail"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Commuter rail</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Long_distance_railways"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Long distance railways</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Metro"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Metro</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Tourism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_and_references"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes and references</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>It is accepted in linguistics (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koldo_Mitxelena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koldo Mitxelena">Koldo Mitxelena</a>, etc.) that <i>Bizkaia</i> is a cognate of <i>bizkar</i> (cf. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscarrosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biscarrosse">Biscarrosse</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquitaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>), with both place-name variants well attested in the whole <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a> and out<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning 'low ridge' or 'prominence' (<i>Iheldo bizchaya</i> attested in 1141 for the Monte Igueldo in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bizkaia"><i>Bizkaia</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bizkaia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Bizkaia</i> is the official name, and it is used on official documents and national media. It is also the name used in the Basque version of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish constitution</a>, and of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_the_Basque_Country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country">Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country</a>.</p> <p><i>Bizkaia</i> is the only official name in Spanish or Basque approved for the historical territory by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juntas_Generales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juntas Generales">General Council</a> of the province and the Spanish laws.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vizcaya"><i>Vizcaya</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Vizcaya" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Vizcaya</i> is the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanicization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanicization">hispanized</a></i> modulation for the given name, used in non-official documents, as recommended by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Royal Spanish Academy</a>. It is also the co-official name used in the Spanish version of the Constitution, and of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Biscay has been inhabited since the Middle <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleolithic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>, as attested by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archaeological?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological">archaeological</a> remains and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cave_paintings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave paintings">cave paintings</a> found in its many caves. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> presence had little impact in the region, <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque language</a> and traditions have survived to this day.</p> <p>According to Anton Erkoreka,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> had a commercial base there from which they were expelled by 825. <i>Mundaka</i> is likely a Viking name, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ria">ria</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mundaka">Mundaka</a> is the easiest route to the river <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> and at the end of it, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and trade.</p> <p>The first time Biscay is mentioned with that name (in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> in the forms <i>Bizkai</i> and <i>Bizcai</i>) is in the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronicle_of_Alfonso_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronicle of Alfonso III">Chronicle of Alfonso III</a></i> in the late 9th century, which tells of the regions repopulated under orders of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfonso_I_of_Asturias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfonso I of Asturias">Alfonso I</a>, and how some territories "owned by their own", among them Biscay, were not affected by these repopulations. Biscay is mentioned again in the 10th-century <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B3dice_de_Roda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Códice de Roda">Códice de Roda</a></i>, which narrates the wedding between Velazquita, daughter of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Pamplona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sancho I of Pamplona">Sancho I of Pamplona</a>, to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Munio_Velaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Munio Velaz">Munio Velaz</a>, Count of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81lava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Álava">Álava</a>, in Biscay. It is recorded in 1070 in a donation act to the <i>monastery of Bickaga</i>, located on the ria of Mundaka.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>It is considered then, that Biscay was by this period controlled by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-history1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then became autonomous and finally a part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crown_of_Castile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lordship_of_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lordship of Biscay">Lordship of Biscay</a>.</p> <p>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modern_age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern age">modern age</a>, the province became a major commercial and industrial area. Its prime <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Bilbao">harbour of Bilbao</a> soon became the main Castilian gateway to Europe. Later, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the abundance of prime quality iron ore and the lack of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serfdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serfdom">feudal castes</a> favored rapid industrialization.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Paleolithic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Middle_Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Middle Paleolithic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The first evidence of human dwellings (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neanderthal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> people) in Biscay happens in this period of prehistory. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mousterian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a> artifacts have been found in three sites in Biscay: Benta Laperra (Karrantza), Kurtzia (Getxo) and Murua (Durangoaldea).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Late_Paleolithic">Late Paleolithic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Late Paleolithic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG/220px-Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG/220px-Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG/330px-Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG/440px-Santimamine-Santimami%C3%B1e.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Entrance of Santimamiñe cave, in Busturialdea </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chatelperronian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatelperronian">Chatelperronian</a> culture (normally associated with Neanderthals as well) can be found in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santimami%C3%B1e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santimamiñe">Santimamiñe</a> cave (Kortezubi).</li> </ul> <p>The most important settlements by anotomically modern humans (<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homo_sapiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">H. sapiens</a></i>) can be considered the following:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurignacian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> culture: Benta Laperra, Kurztia, and Lumentxa (Lekeitio)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravettian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> culture: Santimamiñe, Bolinkoba (Durangoaldea) and Atxurra (Markina)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solutrean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> culture: Santimamiñe and Bolinkoba</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magdalenian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> culture: Santimamiñe and Lumentxa</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleolithic_art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic art">Paleolithic art</a> is also present. The Benta Laperra cave has the oldest paintings, maybe from the Aurignacian or Solutrean period. Bison and bear are the animals depicted, together with abstract signs. The murals of Arenaza (Galdames) and Santimamiñe were created in later periods (Magdalenian). In Arenaza female deer are the dominant motif; Santimamiñe features bison, horses, goats and deer.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Epi-paleolithic">Epi-paleolithic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Epi-paleolithic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>This period (also called <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesolithic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></i> sometimes) is dominated in Biscay by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azilian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azilian">Azilian</a> culture. Tools become smaller and more refined and, while hunting remains, fishing and seafood gathering become more important; there is evidence of consumption of wild fruits as well. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santimami%C3%B1e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santimamiñe">Santimamiñe</a> is one of the most important sites of this period. Others are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arenaza&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arenaza (page does not exist)">Arenaza</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Atxeta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atxeta (page does not exist)">Atxeta</a> (not far from Santimamiñe), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lumentxa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lumentxa (page does not exist)">Lumentxa</a> and nearby <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Urtiaga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Urtiaga (page does not exist)">Urtiaga</a> and Santa Catalina, together with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bolinkoba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bolinkoba (page does not exist)">Bolinkoba</a> and neighbour <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Silibranka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Silibranka (page does not exist)">Silibranka</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Neolithic">Neolithic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Neolithic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>While the first evidences of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neolithic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> contact in the Basque Country can be dated to the 4th millennium BCE, it was not until the beginning of the 3rd that the area accepted, gradually and without radical changes, the advances of agricultural cultivation and domestication of sheep. Biscay was not particularly affected by this change and only three sites can be mentioned for this period: Arenaza, Santimamiñe and Kobeaga (Ea) and the advances adopted seem limited initially to sheep, domestic goats and very scarce <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pottery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pottery">pottery</a>.</p> <p>Together with Neolithic technologies, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Megalith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Megalith">Megalithism</a> also arrives. It will be the most common form of burial (simple <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolmen">dolmen</a>) until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500 BCE</span>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Chalcolithic_and_Bronze_Age">Chalcolithic and Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Chalcolithic and Bronze Age" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>While open-air settlement started to become common as the population grew, they still used caves and natural shelters in Biscay in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chalcolithic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronze_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. Hunting game became a less important source of protein, as the people relied on sheep, goats and some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bovine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovine">bovine</a> cattle. Metallic tools become more common but stone-made ones are also used.</p> <p>Pottery types shows great continuity (not decorated) until the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beaker_culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">bell beaker</a> makes its appearance.</p> <p>The sites of this period now cover all the territory of Biscay, many being open air settlements, but the most important caves of the Paleolithic are still in use as well.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Iron Age" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Few sites have been identified for this period. Caves are abandoned for the most part but they still reveal some remains. The main caves of prehistory (Arenaza, Santimamiñe, Lumentxa) were still inhabited.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Roman period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Forua,_poblado_romano.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG/220px-Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG/220px-Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG/330px-Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG/440px-Forua%2C_poblado_romano.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Roman town remains in Forua </figcaption> </figure> <p>Roman geographers identified two tribes in the territory now known as Biscay: the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caristii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caristii">Caristii</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autrigones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autrigones">Autrigones</a></i>. The <i>Caristii</i> dwelt in nuclear Biscay, east of the firth of Bilbao, extending also into Northern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81lava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Álava">Araba</a> and some areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>, up to the river Deba. The <i>Autrigones</i> dwelt in the westernmost part of Biscay and Araba, extending also into the provinces of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantabria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burgos_(province)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgos (province)">Burgos</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Rioja_(autonomous_community)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (autonomous community)">La Rioja</a>. Based in toponymy, historical and archaeological evidence, it is thought that these tribes spoke the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borders of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscayan_dialect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biscayan dialect">Biscayan dialect</a> of Basque seem to be those of the Caristian territory, with an exception of the areas that have lost the old language.</p> <p>There is no indication to resistance to Roman occupation in all the Basque area (excepting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquitaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>) until the late feudalizing period. Roman sources mention several towns in the area, Flaviobriga and Portus Amanus, though they have not been located. The site of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forua">Forua</a>, near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gernika">Gernika</a>, has yielded archaeological evidence of Roman presence <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gara.net/idatzia/20060616/art169085.php">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312054054/http://www.gara.net/idatzia/20060616/art169085.php">Archived</a> 12 March 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</p> <p>In the late Roman period, together with the rest of the Basque Country, Biscay seems to have revolted against Roman domination and the growing society organized by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feudalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Middle Ages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the Early <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Ages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the history of Biscay cannot be separated from that of the Basque Country as a whole. The area was <i>de facto</i> independent although <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visigoths?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Franks</a> attempted to assert their domination from time to time. Encounters between the Visigoths and Basques usually led to defeat for the latter. The Visigoths established an outlying post at the later city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria</a> to counter incursions and the migration of Basques from the coastal regions to the north.</p> <p>In 905, Leonese chronicles define for the first time the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Kingdom of Pamplona</a> as including all the western <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Autonomous_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Autonomous Community">Basque provinces</a>, as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Rioja_(autonomous_community)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (autonomous community)">Rioja</a> region. The territories that would later constitute Biscay were included in that state.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg/220px-Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="2750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 268px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg/220px-Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="268" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg/330px-Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg/440px-Portugalete_Casa_Torre_Lope_Garcia_de_Salazar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Monument to Lope García de Salazar (1399-1476), opposite one of his tower houses, in Portugalete </figcaption> </figure> <p>In the conflicts that the newly sovereign <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> and Pamplona/Navarre had in the 11th and 12th century, the Castilians were supported by many landowners from La Rioja, who sought to consolidate their holdings under Castilian feudal law. These pro-Castilian lords were led by the house of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haro_family?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haro family">Haro</a>, who were eventually granted the rule of newly created Biscay, initially made up of the valleys of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uribe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uribe">Uribe</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busturia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busturia">Busturia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Markina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Markina">Markina</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zornotza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zornotza">Zornotza</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arratia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arratia (page does not exist)">Arratia</a>, plus several towns and the city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordu%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orduña">Urduina</a>. It is unclear when this happened, but tradition says that Iñigo López was the first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_of_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Biscay">Lord of Biscay</a> in 1043.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>The title to the lordship was inherited by Iñigo López's descendants until, by inheritance, in 1370 it passed to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_I_of_Castile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John I of Castile">John I of Castile</a>. It became one of the titles of the king of Castile. Since then it remained connected to the crown, first to that of Castile and then, from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a>, to that of <i>Spain</i>, as ruler of the Crown of Castile. It was conditioned on the lord swearing to defend and maintain the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuero">fuero</a> (Biscayan laws, derived from Navarrese and Basque customary rights), which affirmed that the possessors of the sovereignty of the lordship were the Biscayans and that, at least in theory, they could refute the lord.</p> <p>The lords and later the kings, came to swear the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernikako_Arbola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gernikako Arbola">Statutes to the oak of Gernika</a>, where the assembly of the Lordship sits.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Modern_age">Modern age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Modern age" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bilbao1575.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bilbao1575.jpg/200px-Bilbao1575.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2147" data-file-height="1124"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 105px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bilbao1575.jpg/200px-Bilbao1575.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="105" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bilbao1575.jpg/300px-Bilbao1575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bilbao1575.jpg/400px-Bilbao1575.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bilbao in 1575. </figcaption> </figure> <p>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modern_age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern age">modern ages</a> commerce took on great importance, specially for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Bilbao">Port of Bilbao</a>, to which the kings granted privileges in 1511 for trade with the ports of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. Bilbao was already the main Castilian harbour, from where <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wool">wool</a> was shipped to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, and other goods were imported.</p> <p>In 1628, the separate territory of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durango,_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Durango, Biscay">Durango</a> was incorporated to Biscay. In the same century the so-called <i>chartered</i> municipalities west of Biscay were also incorporated in different dates, becoming another subdivision of Biscay: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encartaciones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Encartaciones">Encartaciones</a> (Enkarterriak).</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg/200px-Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="812"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 121px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg/200px-Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg/300px-Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg/400px-Bilbao_Bego%C3%B1a-Galeria.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> House where <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlism">Carlist</a> General <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Zumalac%C3%A1rregui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomás de Zumalacárregui">Tomás de Zumalacárregui</a> was hurt, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilica_of_Bego%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilica of Begoña">Basilica of Begoña</a> in 1835, after the Siege of Bilbao </figcaption> </figure> <p>The coastal towns had a sizable fleet of their own, mostly dedicated to fishing and trade. Along with other Basque towns of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labourd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labourd">Labourd</a>, they were largely responsible for the partial extinction of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whales</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> and of the first unstable settlement by Europeans in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a>. They signed separate treaties with other powers, particularly England.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>After the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleonic_wars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic wars">Napoleonic wars</a>, Biscay, along with the other Basque provinces, were threatened to have their self-rule cut by the now Liberal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_Cortes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Cortes">Spanish Cortes</a>. Together with opposing factions that supported different parties for the throne, this desire to maintain foral rights contributed to the successive <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlist_Wars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a>. The Biscayan government and other Basque provinces supported <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Count_of_Molina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Count of Molina">Carlos V</a>, who represented an autocratic monarch who would preserve tradition.</p> <p>Many of the towns though, notably Bilbao, were aligned with the Liberal government of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. In the end, with victory by anti-Carlists, the wars resulted in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/End_of_Basque_home_rule_(Spain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="End of Basque home rule (Spain)">successive cuts of the wide autonomy</a> held by Biscay and the other provinces.</p> <p>In the 1850s extensive prime quality iron resources were discovered in Biscay. This brought much foreign investment mainly from England and France. Development of these resources led to greater industrialization, which made Biscay one of Spain's richest provinces. Together with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrial_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrial Revolution">industrialisation</a>, important bourgeois families, such as Ybarra, Chávarri and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luis_Lezama_Leguizam%C3%B3n_Sagarminaga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luis Lezama Leguizamón Sagarminaga">Lezama-Leguizamón</a>, developed from the new sources of wealth. The great industrial (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iberdrola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iberdrola">Iberdrola</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altos_Hornos_de_Vizcaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altos Hornos de Vizcaya">Altos Hornos de Vizcaya</a>) and financial (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria">Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria</a>- BBVA) groups were created.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg/220px-GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="1147"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 337px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg/220px-GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="337" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg/330px-GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg/440px-GernikakoArbola-improved.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The historic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernikako_arbola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gernikako arbola">Oak of Gernika</a>, symbol of the Basque institutions </figcaption> </figure> <p>During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Nationalist Party">Basque Nationalist Party</a> (PNV) governed the province. When the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> broke out in 1936, Biscay supported the Republican side against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Franco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s army and ideology. Soon after, the Republic acknowledged a statute of autonomy for the Basque Country. Due to fascist control of large parts of it, the first short-lived Basque Autonomous Community had power only over Biscay and a few nearby villages.</p> <p>As the fascist army advanced westward from Navarre, defenses were planned and erected around Bilbao, called the Iron Belt. But the engineer in charge, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Goicoechea&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="José Goicoechea (page does not exist)">José Goicoechea</a>, defected to the Nationalists, causing the unfinished defenses to be of little value. In 1937, German airplanes under Franco's control <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombing_of_Gernika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Gernika">destroyed the historic city of Gernika</a>, after having bombed Durango with less severity a few weeks before. Some months later, Bilbao fell to the fascists. The Basque army (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusko_Gudarostea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusko Gudarostea">Eusko Gudarostea</a>) retreated to Santoña, beyond the limits of Biscay. There they surrendered to the Italian forces (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo%C3%B1a_Agreement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santoña Agreement">Santoña Agreement</a>), but the Italians yielded to Franco. Other Republican forces considered the surrender a betrayal by the Basques.</p> <p>Under the dictatorship of Franco, Biscay and Gipuzkoa (exclusively) were declared "traitor provinces" because of their opposition and stripped of any sort of self-rule. Only after Franco's death in 1975 was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish transition to democracy">democracy restored in Spain</a>. The 1978 constitution accepted the particular Basque laws (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuero">fueros</a>) and in 1979 the Statute of Guernica was approved whereupon Biscay, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81lava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Álava">Araba</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> formed the Autonomous Community of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> with its own parliament. During this recent democratic period, Basque Nationalist Party candidates have consistently won elections in Biscay. Recently the foral law was amended to extend it to the towns and the city of Urduina, which had previously always used the general Spanish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg/200px-Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg/200px-Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg/300px-Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg/400px-Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaztelugatxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaztelugatxe">Gaztelugatxe</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bermeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bermeo">Bermeo</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Biscay is bordered by the community of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantabria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_of_Burgos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province of Burgos">province of Burgos</a> (in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> community) to the west, the Basque provinces of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> to the east, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81lava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Álava">Álava</a> to the south, and by the Cantabrian Sea (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>) to the north. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordu%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orduña">Orduña</a> (<i>Urduña</i>) is a Biscayan <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exclave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> located between Alava and Burgos provinces.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Urkiola.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Urkiola.jpg/200px-Urkiola.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Urkiola.jpg/200px-Urkiola.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Urkiola.jpg/300px-Urkiola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Urkiola.jpg/400px-Urkiola.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Untxillaitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Untxillaitz">Untxillaitz</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urkiola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urkiola">Urkiola</a> mountain range </figcaption> </figure> <p>The climate is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanic_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a>, with high precipitation all year round and moderate temperatures, which allow the lush vegetation to grow. Temperatures are more extreme in the higher lands of inner Biscay, where snow is more common during winter. The average high temperatures in main city Bilbao is between 13 °C (55 °F) in January and 26 °C (79 °F) in August.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Features">Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif/200px-Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 270px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif/200px-Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif" data-width="200" data-height="270" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif/300px-Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif/400px-Bizkaiako_kosta_2.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Coast of Biscay from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elantxobe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elantxobe">Elantxobe</a> eastwards </figcaption> </figure> <p>The main geographical features of the province are:</p> <ul> <li>The southern high mountain ranges, part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque mountains">Basque mountains</a>, that form a continuous barrier with passes not lower than 600 m <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sea_level?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#AMSL" title="Sea level">AMSL</a>, forming the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Water_divide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Water divide">water divide</a> of the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. These ranges are divided from west to east in Ordunte (Zalama, 1390 m), Salbada (1100 m), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gorbea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gorbea">Gorbea</a> (1481 m) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urkiola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urkiola">Urkiola</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anboto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anboto">Anboto</a>, 1331 m).</li> <li>The middle section which is occupied by the main river's valleys: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nervion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervion">Nervion</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ibaizabal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibaizabal">Ibaizabal</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kadagua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadagua">Kadagua</a>. Kadagua runs west to east from Ordunte, Nervion south to north from Orduña and Ibaizabal east to west from Urkiola. The Arratia river runs northwards from Gorbea and joins Ibaizabal. Each valley is separated by mountains like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ganekogorta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ganekogorta">Ganekogorta</a> (998 m). Other mountains, like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oiz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oiz">Oiz</a>, separate the main valleys from the northern valleys. The northern rivers are Artibai, Lea, Oka and Butron.</li> <li>The coast: the main features are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuary_of_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuary of Bilbao">estuary of Bilbao</a> where the main rivers meet the sea and the estuary of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gernika">Gernika</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urdaibai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdaibai">Urdaibai</a>). The coast is usually high, with cliffs and small inlets and coves.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Historical" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Historically, Biscay was divided into <i>merindades</i> (called <i>eskualdeak</i> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque</a>), which were two, the Constituent ones and the ones incorporated later.</p> <p>The constituent ones were (<i>the number indicates their position on the map</i>):</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uribe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uribe">Uribe</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busturia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busturia">Busturia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Markina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Markina">Markina</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bedia,_Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bedia, Spain">Bedia</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amorebieta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorebieta">Amorebieta</a> (also Zornotza)<sup>5</sup></li> <li>Arratia<sup>6</sup></li> </ul> <p>Incorporated later:</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Comarcas_de_Bizkaia.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Comarcas_de_Bizkaia.png/250px-Comarcas_de_Bizkaia.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Comarcas_de_Bizkaia.png/250px-Comarcas_de_Bizkaia.png" data-width="250" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Comarcas_de_Bizkaia.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Map of Biscay's regions or "comarcas" </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durango,_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Durango, Biscay">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkarterri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkarterri">Enkarterri</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orozko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orozko">Orozko</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordu%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orduña">Orduña</a></li> <li>Some other independent cities and towns.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Modern" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg/250px-Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="413"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg/250px-Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg/375px-Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg/500px-Vizcaya_-_Mapa_municipal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Map of current municipalities of Biscay </figcaption> </figure> <p>Currently, Biscay is divided into seven <i>comarcas</i> or regions, each one with its own capital city, subdivisions and municipalities.</p> <p>These are:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Bilbao">Greater Bilbao</a>, usually divided into subregions: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Left_Bank_(Biscay)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Left Bank (Biscay)">Left Bank</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uribe-Kosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uribe-Kosta">Uribe-Kosta</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Txorierri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Txorierri">Txorierri</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hego_Uribe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hego Uribe">Hego Uribe</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mungialdea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mungialdea">Mungialdea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkarterri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkarterri">Enkarterri</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busturialdea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busturialdea">Busturialdea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durangaldea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durangaldea">Durangaldea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lea-Artibai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lea-Artibai">Lea-Artibai</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arratia-Nerbioi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arratia-Nerbioi">Arratia-Nerbioi</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>According to the 2010 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">INE</a> census, Biscay had a population of 1,155,772 and a population density of 519.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>, only surpassed by the one of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Community_of_Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. In 1981 Biscay was the fifth <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provinces of Spain">Spanish province</a> in population, and despite the strong <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics">demographic</a> crisis the province has been living since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Transition</a> it is today the ninth province in population.</p> <p>A 2021 survey found that 30.6% of the population spoke the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th bgcolor="black" colspan="20" style="color:black;">Demographic evolution of Biscay and<br> percentage of the national total<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-euskadi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-euskadi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>1857</th> <th>1900</th> <th>1910</th> <th>1920</th> <th>1930</th> <th>1940</th> <th>1950</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Population</td> <td align="center">160,579</td> <td align="center">311,361</td> <td align="center">349,923</td> <td align="center">409,550</td> <td align="center">485,205</td> <td align="center">511,135</td> <td align="center">569,188</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Percentage</td> <td align="center">1.04%</td> <td align="center">1.67%</td> <td align="center">1.75%</td> <td align="center">1.91%</td> <td align="center">2.05%</td> <td align="center">1.96%</td> <td align="center">2.02%</td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>1960</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1981</th> <th>1991</th> <th>1996</th> <th>2001</th> <th>2006</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Population</td> <td align="center">754,383</td> <td align="center">1,043,310</td> <td align="center">1,181,401</td> <td align="center">1,156,245</td> <td align="center">1,140,026</td> <td align="center">1,132,616</td> <td align="center">1,139,863</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Percentage</td> <td align="center">2.47%</td> <td align="center">3.07%</td> <td align="center">3.13%</td> <td align="center">2.93%</td> <td align="center">2.87%</td> <td align="center">2.75%</td> <td align="center">2.55%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="toc" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="35%" style="float:left; text-align:center;clear:all; margin-left:10px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th bgcolor="green" colspan="8" style="color:white;">Most populated municipalities<br> (2021)</th> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th width="4%">Position</th> <th width="86%">Municipality</th> <th width="10%">Inhabitants</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></b></td> <td>346,405</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barakaldo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barakaldo">Barakaldo</a></b></td> <td>100,907</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Getxo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Getxo">Getxo</a></b></td> <td>77,139</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santurtzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santurtzi">Santurtzi</a></b></td> <td>46,085</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugalete?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugalete">Portugalete</a></b></td> <td>45,285</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basauri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basauri">Basauri</a></b></td> <td>40,535</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leioa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leioa">Leioa</a></b></td> <td>32,188</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durango,_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Durango, Biscay">Durango</a></b></td> <td>29,935</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galdakao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galdakao">Galdakao</a></b></td> <td>29,404</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sestao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sestao">Sestao</a></b></td> <td>27,342</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erandio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erandio">Erandio</a></b></td> <td>24,489</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amorebieta-Etxano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amorebieta-Etxano">Amorebieta-Etxano</a></b></td> <td>19,576</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mungia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mungia">Mungia</a></b></td> <td>17,701</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernika-Lumo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gernika-Lumo">Gernika-Lumo</a></b></td> <td>17,093</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bermeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bermeo">Bermeo</a></b></td> <td>16,784</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Government_and_foral_institutions">Government and foral institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Government and foral institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>The government and foral institutions of Biscay, as a historical territory of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> are the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juntas_Generales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juntas Generales">Juntas Generales de Vizcaya</a></i> and the Foral Diputation of Biscay.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Juntas_Generales">Juntas Generales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Juntas Generales" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg/250px-Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="475"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 192px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg/250px-Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="192" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg/375px-Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg/500px-Bizkaiko_Foru_Aldundia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Foral Diputation's building in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juntas_Generales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juntas Generales">Juntas Generales</a> of Biscay are a unicameral assembly that has normative authority in the province. Its members, called <i>apoderados</i>, are elected by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universal_suffrage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. The elections are held every four years.</p> <p>After the 2015 elections, the configuration of the Juntas is the following:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Elecciones a las Juntas Generales 2015 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Party</th> <th>Apoderados</th> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#32CD32"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Nationalist Party">Basque Nationalist Party</a></b></td> <td>23</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#7CFC00"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bildu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bildu">Bildu</a></b></td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF6347"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Basque_Country%E2%80%93Basque_Country_Left?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left">Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left</a></b></td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#9955BB"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos</a></b></td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#1E90FF"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a></b></td> <td>4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Foral_Diputation">Foral Diputation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Foral Diputation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Foral Diputation has an executive function and regulatory authority in Biscay. The Foral Diputation is configured by a General Deputy, who currently is Unai Rementeria<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Nationalist Party">PNV</a>) and who is chosen by the Juntas Generales and by the rest of deputies.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Roads" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Biscay is connected to the rest of provinces by two main highways, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autopista_AP-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autopista AP-8">Cantabric Highway</a>, which connects <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durango,_Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Durango, Biscay">Durango</a> with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">French border</a>, with accesses in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eibar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eibar">Eibar</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zarautz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zarautz">Zarautz</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donostia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Donostia">Donostia</a> (the three of them in the province of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>), and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autopista_AP-68?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autopista AP-68">Basque-Aragonese Highway</a>, which connects Bilbao with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zaragoza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calahorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calahorra">Calahorra</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>.</p> <p>As well, many secondary roads connect <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> with the different towns located in the province.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Puente_Txonta.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Puente_Txonta.jpg/300px-Puente_Txonta.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="71" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5960" data-file-height="1413"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 71px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Puente_Txonta.jpg/300px-Puente_Txonta.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="71" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Puente_Txonta.jpg/450px-Puente_Txonta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Puente_Txonta.jpg/600px-Puente_Txonta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The Cantabric Highway </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao Airport">Bilbao Airport</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg/200px-Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg/200px-Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg/300px-Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg/400px-Bilbao_Airport_interior.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bilbao's airport, in Loiu </figcaption> </figure> <p>Biscay's main and only airport is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao Airport">Bilbao Airport</a>, which is the most important hub in northern Spain, and the number of passengers using the new terminal continues to rise. It is located in the municipalities of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loiu">Loiu</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sondika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sondika">Sondika</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Commuter_rail">Commuter rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Commuter rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao_rail_network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao rail network">Bilbao rail network</a> </div> <p>Biscay has different <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commuter_rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> services, operated by different companies. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cercan%C3%ADas_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cercanías Bilbao">Cercanías Bilbao</a> is the commuter rail service "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cercan%C3%ADas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cercanías">cercanías</a>" offered by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renfe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renfe">Renfe</a>, the national rail company. It connects <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> and its neighborhoods with other municipalities and regions inside Biscay, like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barakaldo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barakaldo">Barakaldo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santurtzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santurtzi">Santurtzi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugalete?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugalete">Portugalete</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muskiz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muskiz">Muskiz</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordu%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orduña">Orduña</a> and others.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bilbao-Abando1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bilbao-Abando1.jpg/200px-Bilbao-Abando1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bilbao-Abando1.jpg/200px-Bilbao-Abando1.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bilbao-Abando1.jpg/300px-Bilbao-Abando1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bilbao-Abando1.jpg/400px-Bilbao-Abando1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bilbao's main train station </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EuskoTren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EuskoTren">EuskoTren</a> has three commuter rail lines in the province; all of them start in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>; one connects the city and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Bilbao">Greater Bilbao</a> with the <i>comarca</i> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durangaldea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durangaldea">Durangaldea</a> and finished in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donostia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Donostia">Donostia</a> (in the province of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>), other line connecting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Bilbao">Greater Bilbao</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busturialdea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busturialdea">Busturialdea</a> and other serving the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Txorierri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Txorierri">Txorierri</a> region. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FEVE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FEVE">FEVE</a> also offers a commuter rail service connecting the regions of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Bilbao">Greater Bilbao</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkarterri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkarterri">Enkarterri</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Long_distance_railways">Long distance railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Long distance railways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao-Abando?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilbao-Abando">Bilbao-Abando</a> is Biscay's main train station, with regular trains to other Spanish provinces like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_of_Burgos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>, Madrid and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a> offered by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renfe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renfe">Renfe</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FEVE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FEVE">FEVE</a> also offers long distance trains to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantabria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province of León">Province of León</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> community.</p> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Y?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Y">Basque Y</a> is the name given to the future <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High-speed_rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> that will connect the three cities of the Basque Country; Bilbao (in Biscay), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donostia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Donostia">Donostia</a> (in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81lava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Álava">Álava</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Metro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metro_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Bilbao">Metro Bilbao</a> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metro_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Bilbao">Metro Bilbao</a> is a metro system serving the city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> and its metropolitan area, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Bilbao">Greater Bilbao</a> region. It connects the city with other municipalities like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basauri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basauri">Basauri</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barakaldo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barakaldo">Barakaldo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santurtzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santurtzi">Santurtzi</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Getxo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Getxo">Getxo</a>, among others.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Biscay's capital city, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>, is famous for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guggenheim Museum Bilbao">Guggenheim Museum Bilbao</a> and for its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuary_of_Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuary of Bilbao">estuary</a>.</p> <p><b>Monuments and places of general interest</b></p> <ul> <li>Casa de Juntas (<i>House of the Juntas</i>) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernikako_Arbola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gernikako Arbola">Tree of Gernika</a>, both in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gernika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gernika">Gernika</a>.</li> <li>Casa de Juntas (<i>House of the Juntas</i>) of Avellanada, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkarterri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkarterri">Enkarterri</a> region.</li> <li>Pozalagua Cave in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karrantza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karrantza">Karrantza</a> near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balmaseda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balmaseda">Balmaseda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vizcaya_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vizcaya Bridge">Vizcaya Bridge</a>, linking the towns of Portugalete and Getxo</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santimami%C3%B1e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santimamiñe">Santimamiñe</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oma_forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oma forest">Oma forest</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euskalduna_Conference_Centre_and_Concert_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euskalduna Conference Centre and Concert Hall">Euskalduna Conference Centre and Concert Hall</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilbao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaztelugatxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaztelugatxe">Gaztelugatxe</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urdaibai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdaibai">Urdaibai</a> biosphere reserve</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urkiola_Natural_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urkiola Natural Park">Urkiola Natural Park</a></li> </ul> <p><br></p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Guggenheim Museum and the Estuary of Bilbao"> <noscript> <img alt="Guggenheim Museum and the Estuary of Bilbao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg/356px-Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="608"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 238px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg/356px-Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg" data-alt="Guggenheim Museum and the Estuary of Bilbao" data-width="238" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg/533px-Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg/711px-Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Guggenheim Museum and the Estuary of Bilbao </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gaztelugache,_Bermeo,_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2019-08-13,_DD_02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaztelugatxe islet"> <noscript> <img alt="Gaztelugatxe islet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg/272px-Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8661" data-file-height="5742"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 182px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg/272px-Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg" data-alt="Gaztelugatxe islet" data-width="182" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg/408px-Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg/543px-Gaztelugache%2C_Bermeo%2C_Pa%C3%ADs_Vasco%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019-08-13%2C_DD_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Gaztelugatxe islet </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Avellaneda-casa-juntas.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Casa de Juntas of Avellanada"> <noscript> <img alt="Casa de Juntas of Avellanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Avellaneda-casa-juntas.jpg/291px-Avellaneda-casa-juntas.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="186"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 194px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Avellaneda-casa-juntas.jpg/291px-Avellaneda-casa-juntas.jpg" data-alt="Casa de Juntas of Avellanada" data-width="194" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Avellaneda-casa-juntas.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Casa de Juntas of Avellanada </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Urdaibai"> <noscript> <img alt="Urdaibai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg/271px-Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg/271px-Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg" data-alt="Urdaibai" data-width="181" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg/406px-Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg/542px-Mundaka_eta_Ogono.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Urdaibai </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ondategi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ondategi">Ondategi</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes and references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/biscay">"Biscay"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HarperCollins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Biscay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fbiscay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Vizcaya">"Vizcaya"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merriam-Webster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Vizcaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FVizcaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelena1997" class="citation book cs1">Michelena, Luis (1997). <i>Apellidos Vascos</i>. Donostia: Editorial Txertoa. pp. 75–76. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7148-008-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/84-7148-008-5"><bdi>84-7148-008-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apellidos+Vascos&rft.place=Donostia&rft.pages=75-76&rft.pub=Editorial+Txertoa&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=84-7148-008-5&rft.aulast=Michelena&rft.aufirst=Luis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.noticiasdegipuzkoa.com/">"Toponimia: Bizkaia"</a>, <i>Noticias de Gipuzkoa</i>, pp. "Ortzadar", 08, 8 May 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507203216/http://www.noticiasdegipuzkoa.com/">archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noticias+de+Gipuzkoa&rft.atitle=Toponimia%3A+Bizkaia&rft.pages=%22Ortzadar%22%2C+08&rft.date=2010-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticiasdegipuzkoa.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.eke.eus/en/kultura/basque-country/history/garai_erromanoa">"The Romans influence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Romans+influence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eke.eus%2Fen%2Fkultura%2Fbasque-country%2Fhistory%2Fgarai_erromanoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anton Erkoreka, <i>Los Vikingos en Euskal Herria</i>, Bilbao, 1995</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErkoreka_Barrena2007" class="citation journal cs1">Erkoreka Barrena, Anton (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://core.ac.uk/outputs/11502884/">"El proceso de poblamiento de la costa vizcaína en la Alta Edad Media y el nacimiento de sus puertos"</a>. <i>Zainak</i>: 319.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zainak&rft.atitle=El+proceso+de+poblamiento+de+la+costa+vizca%C3%ADna+en+la+Alta+Edad+Media+y+el+nacimiento+de+sus+puertos&rft.pages=319&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Erkoreka+Barrena&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Foutputs%2F11502884%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-history1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-history1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bizkaia.net/Kultura/gaztea/pdf/senorio_fuero_iglesia_reyes.pdf">"Bizkaia y el Señorío"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Website of the Bizkaia Government</i>. Diputación Foral de Bizkaia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Website+of+the+Bizkaia+Government&rft.atitle=Bizkaia+y+el+Se%C3%B1or%C3%ADo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizkaia.net%2FKultura%2Fgaztea%2Fpdf%2Fsenorio_fuero_iglesia_reyes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106022222/http://www.gara.net/idatzia/20060616/art169077.php">"Euskalherria.com - GARA - Paperezkoa:20060616 - los textos hallados en Iruña-Veleia están escritos "inequívocamente" en euskara"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gara.net/idatzia/20060616/art169077.php">the original</a> on 6 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Euskalherria.com+-+GARA+-+Paperezkoa%3A20060616+-+los+textos+hallados+en+Iru%C3%B1a-Veleia+est%C3%A1n+escritos+%22inequ%C3%ADvocamente%22+en+euskara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gara.net%2Fidatzia%2F20060616%2Fart169077.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l%3D1082%26k%3Dpva">"Standard climate values for Bilbao"</a>. Aemet.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723075414/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l%3D1082%26k%3Dpva">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+climate+values+for+Bilbao&rft.pub=Aemet.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D1082%26k%3Dpva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://basquetribune.com/the-basque-language-gains-speakers-but-no-surge-in-usage/">"The Basque Language Gains Speakers, but No Surge in Usage – Basque Tribune"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230023936/https://basquetribune.com/the-basque-language-gains-speakers-but-no-surge-in-usage/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Basque+Language+Gains+Speakers%2C+but+No+Surge+in+Usage+%E2%80%93+Basque+Tribune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbasquetribune.com%2Fthe-basque-language-gains-speakers-but-no-surge-in-usage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: INE, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-euskadi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-euskadi_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.euskadi.net/elecinf/elec_actuales/mun_jjgg/concejalias/concejalias_1_2_48_mun_c.htm">euskadi.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927075203/http://www.euskadi.net/elecinf/elec_actuales/mun_jjgg/concejalias/concejalias_1_2_48_mun_c.htm">Archived</a> 27 September 2011 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://m24hauteskundeak.naiz.eus/index.php?herrialdea%3Dbizkaia">"M24: Hauteskundeak"</a> (in Basque). naiz.info. 24 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126213049/https://m24hauteskundeak.naiz.eus/index.php?herrialdea%3Dbizkaia">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M24%3A+Hauteskundeak&rft.pub=naiz.info&rft.date=2015-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm24hauteskundeak.naiz.eus%2Findex.php%3Fherrialdea%3Dbizkaia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.bizkaia.eus/eu/ahaldun-nagusia">"Ahaldun Nagusia - Bizkaia.eus"</a>. <i>web.bizkaia.eus</i> (in Basque). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223401/http://web.bizkaia.eus/eu/ahaldun-nagusia">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.bizkaia.eus&rft.atitle=Ahaldun+Nagusia+-+Bizkaia.eus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.bizkaia.eus%2Feu%2Fahaldun-nagusia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiscay" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span 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class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBiscay%26oldid%3D1256129386">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biscay&oldid=1256129386</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biscay&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="WOSlinker" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731062818"> <span>Last edited on 8 November 2024, at 10:46</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaje" title="Biskaje – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biskaje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_(%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9)" title="بسكاية (مقاطعة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بسكاية (مقاطعة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizcaya" title="Bizcaya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bizcaya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaya_vilay%25C9%2599ti" title="Biskaya vilayəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biskaya vilayəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="بیسکای اوستانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیسکای اوستانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya" title="Vizcaya – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F" title="Біская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaia" title="Biscaia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biscaia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya" title="Vizcaya – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya_eanangoddi" title="Vizcaya eanangoddi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vizcaya eanangoddi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaia_provints" title="Biskaia provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biskaia provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CF%2580%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1" title="Μπισκάγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπισκάγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya" title="Vizcaya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Biskajo" title="Provinco Biskajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provinco Biskajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscaya" title="Viscaya – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Viscaya" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C" title="استان بیسکای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان بیسکای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaye" title="Biscaye – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biscaye" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia_(provincia)" title="Bizkaia (provincia) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bizkaia (provincia)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaia" title="Biscaia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biscaia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B9%2584%25EC%258A%25A4%25EC%25B9%25B4%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%2595%2584%25EB%258F%2584" title="비스카이아도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비스카이아도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaja" title="Biskaja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biskaja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskay" title="Biskay – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biskay" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaya" title="Biscaya – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biscaya" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%258F" title="Бискайя – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бискайя" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaglia" title="Biscaglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biscaglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="ביסקאיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביסקאיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Biscay" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ბისკაია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბისკაია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%258F" title="Бискайя – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бискайя" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Vizcaya" title="Mkoa wa Vizcaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkoa wa Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaia" title="Biscaia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Biscaia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizkaya_(vilayet)" title="Vizkaya (vilayet) – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vizkaya (vilayet)" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaia" title="Biscaia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biscaia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskajas_province" title="Biskajas province – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biskajas province" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya" title="Vizcaya – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskajos_provincija" title="Biskajos provincija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biskajos provincija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ბისკაიაშ პროვინცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბისკაიაშ პროვინცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biscay" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaje" title="Biskaje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biskaje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2593%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25A4%25E7%259C%258C" title="ビスカヤ県 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビスカヤ県" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia_(Prowins)" title="Bizkaia (Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bizkaia (Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaia" title="Biscaia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biscaia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya_(provinsiya)" title="Vizcaya (provinsiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vizcaya (provinsiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaia" title="Biscaia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biscaia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_Vizcaya" title="Provincia Vizcaya – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Provincia Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%258F" title="Бискайя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бискайя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biscay" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinca_Biscay" title="Provinca Biscay – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Provinca Biscay" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscagghia" title="Biscagghia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Biscagghia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biscay" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaja" title="Biskaja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biskaja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%2591%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Покрајина Бискаја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Покрајина Бискаја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaja" title="Biskaja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biskaja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskaja" title="Biskaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biskaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscaya_(provins)" title="Biscaya (provins) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biscaya (provins)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya" title="Vizcaya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="จังหวัดบิซกายา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดบิซกายา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskay" title="Biskay – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biskay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F" title="Біская – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біская" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C" title="بیسکای – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیسکای" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bizkaia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizcaya" title="Vizcaya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vizcaya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AF%2594%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%25BC%2580%25E7%259C%2581" title="比斯开省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="比斯开省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AF%2594%25E6%2596%25AF%25E9%2596%258B%25E7%259C%2581" title="比斯開省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比斯開省" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskay" title="Biskay – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Biskay" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AF%2594%25E6%2596%25AF%25E9%2596%258B%25E7%259C%2581" title="比斯開省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比斯開省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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