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Search results for: industrial drive

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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: industrial drive</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4047</span> Repeatable Scalable Business Models: Can Innovation Drive an Entrepreneurs Un-Validated Business Model?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Ojeaga">Paul Ojeaga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Can the level of innovation use drive un-validated business models across regions? To what extent does industrial sector attractiveness drive firm’s success across regions at the time of start-up? This study examines the role of innovation on start-up success in six regions of the world (namely Sub Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, South East Asia Pacific, the European Union and the United States representing North America) using macroeconomic variables. While there have been studies using firm level data, results from such studies are not suitable for national policy decisions. The need to drive a regional innovation policy also begs for an answer, therefore providing room for this study. Results using dynamic panel estimation show that innovation counts in the early infancy stage of new business life cycle. The results are robust even after controlling for time fixed effects and the study present variance-covariance estimation robust standard errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20economics" title="industrial economics">industrial economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=un-validated%20business%20models" title=" un-validated business models"> un-validated business models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalable%20models" title=" scalable models"> scalable models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74214/repeatable-scalable-business-models-can-innovation-drive-an-entrepreneurs-un-validated-business-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4046</span> Comparison of Different Electrical Machines with Permanent Magnets in the Stator for Use as an Industrial Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcel%20Lehr">Marcel Lehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Binder"> Andreas Binder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares three different permanent magnet synchronous machines (Doubly-Salient-Permanent-Magnet-Machine (DSPM), Flux-Reversal-Permanent-Magnet-Machine (FRPM), Flux-Switching-Permanent-Magnet-Machine (FSPM)) with the permanent magnets in the stator of the machine for use as an industrial drive for 400 V Y, 45 kW and 1000 ... 3000 min-1. The machines are compared based on the magnetic co-energy and Finite-Element-Method-Simulations regarding the torque density. The results show that the FSPM provides the highest torque density of the three machines. Therefore, an FSPM prototype was built, tested on a test bench and finally compared with an already built conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) of the same size (stator outer diameter dso = 314 mm, axial length lFe = 180 mm) and rating with surface-mounted rotor magnets. These measurements show that the conventional PMSM and the FSPM machine are roughly equivalent in their electrical behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly-salient-permanent-magnet-machine" title="doubly-salient-permanent-magnet-machine">doubly-salient-permanent-magnet-machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux-reversal-permanent-magnet-machine" title=" flux-reversal-permanent-magnet-machine"> flux-reversal-permanent-magnet-machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux-switching-permanent-magnet-machine" title=" flux-switching-permanent-magnet-machine"> flux-switching-permanent-magnet-machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20drive" title=" industrial drive"> industrial drive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61399/comparison-of-different-electrical-machines-with-permanent-magnets-in-the-stator-for-use-as-an-industrial-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4045</span> Research on Control Strategy of Differential Drive Assisted Steering of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Liu">J. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20P.%20Yu"> Z. P. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Xiong"> L. Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Feng"> Y. Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20He"> J. He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the independence, accuracy and controllability of the driving/braking torque of the distributed drive electric vehicle, a control strategy of differential drive assisted steering was designed. Firstly, the assisted curve under different speed and steering wheel torque was developed and the differential torques were distributed to the right and left front wheels. Then the steering return ability assisted control algorithm was designed. At last, the joint simulation was conducted by CarSim/Simulink. The result indicated: the differential drive assisted steering algorithm could provide enough steering drive-assisted under low speed and improve the steering portability. Along with the increase of the speed, the provided steering drive-assisted decreased. With the control algorithm, the steering stiffness of the steering system increased along with the increase of the speed, which ensures the driver’s road feeling. The control algorithm of differential drive assisted steering could avoid the understeer under low speed effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20assisted%20steering" title="differential assisted steering">differential assisted steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20strategy" title=" control strategy"> control strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20drive%20electric%20vehicle" title=" distributed drive electric vehicle"> distributed drive electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%2Fbraking%20torque" title=" driving/braking torque"> driving/braking torque</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11277/research-on-control-strategy-of-differential-drive-assisted-steering-of-distributed-drive-electric-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4044</span> Language Learning, Drives and Context: A Grounded Theory of Learning Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20Pigott">Julian Pigott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the Language Learning as a Means of Drive Engagement (LLMDE) theory, derived from a grounded theory analysis of interviews with Japanese university students. According to LLMDE theory, language learning can be understood as a means of engaging one or more of four self-fulfillment drives: the drive to expand one’s horizons (perspective drive); the drive to make a success of oneself (status drive); the drive to engage in interaction with others (communication drive); and the drive to obtain intellectual and affective stimulation (entertainment drive). While many theories of learner psychology focus on conscious agency, LLMDE theory addresses the role of the unconscious. In addition, supplementary thematic analysis of the data revealed the role of context in mediating drive engagement. Unexpected memorable events, for example, play a key role in instigating and, indirectly, in regulating learning, as do institutional and cultural contexts. Given the apparent importance of such factors beyond the immediate control of the learner, and given the pervasive role of habit and drives, it is argued that the concept of motivation merits theoretical reappraisal. Rather than an underlying force determining language learning success or failure, it can be understood to emerge sporadically in consciousness to promote behavioral change, or to protect habitual behavior from disruption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drives" title="drives">drives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounded%20theory" title=" grounded theory"> grounded theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significant%20events" title=" significant events"> significant events</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138583/language-learning-drives-and-context-a-grounded-theory-of-learning-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4043</span> Developing a Regulator for Improving the Operation Modes of the Electrical Drive Motor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdasaryan%20Marinka">Baghdasaryan Marinka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation modes of the synchronous motors used in the production processes are greatly conditioned by the accidentally changing technological and power indices.&nbsp; As a result, the electrical drive synchronous motor may appear in irregular operation regimes. Although there are numerous works devoted to the development of the regulator for the synchronous motor operation modes, their application for the motors working in the irregular modes is not expedient. In this work, to estimate the issues concerning the stability of the synchronous electrical drive system, the transfer functions of the electrical drive synchronous motors operating in the synchronous and induction modes have been obtained. &nbsp;For that purpose, a model for investigating the frequency characteristics has been developed in the LabView environment. Frequency characteristics for assessing the transient process of the electrical drive system, operating in the synchronous and induction modes have been obtained, and based on their assessment, a regulator for improving the operation modes of the motor has been proposed. The proposed regulator can be successfully used to prevent the irregular modes of the electrical drive synchronous motor, as well as to estimate the operation state of the drive motor of the mechanism with a changing load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20drive%20system" title="electrical drive system">electrical drive system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20motor" title=" synchronous motor"> synchronous motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulator" title=" regulator"> regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20process" title=" transition process"> transition process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105307/developing-a-regulator-for-improving-the-operation-modes-of-the-electrical-drive-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4042</span> Simulation Based Performance Comparison of Different Control Methods of ZSI Feeding Industrial Drives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parag%20Nihawan">Parag Nihawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinder%20Singh%20Bhatia"> Ravinder Singh Bhatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar%20Jain"> Dinesh Kumar Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial drives are source of serious power quality problems. In this, two typical industrial drives have been dealt with, namely, FOC induction motor drives and DTC induction motor drive. The Z-source inverter is an emerging topology of power electronic converters which is capable of buck boost characteristics. The performances of different control methods based Z-source inverters feeding these industrial drives have been investigated, in this work. The test systems have been modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results obtained after carrying out these simulations have been used to draw the conclusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z-source%20inverter" title="Z-source inverter">Z-source inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20torque%20control" title=" direct torque control"> direct torque control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20orientation%20control" title=" field orientation control"> field orientation control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24800/simulation-based-performance-comparison-of-different-control-methods-of-zsi-feeding-industrial-drives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4041</span> Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor Using PI Controller in MATLAB Simulink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Chi%20Thanh">Do Chi Thanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dang%20Ngoc%20Huy"> Dang Ngoc Huy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, there are more and more variable speed drive systems in small-scale and large-scale applications such as the electric vehicle industry, household appliances, medical equipment, and other industrial fields led to the development of BLDC (Brushless DC) motors. BLDC drive has many advantages, such as higher efficiency, better speed torque characteristics, high power density, and low maintenance cost compared to other conventional motors. Most BLDC motors use a proportional-integral (PI) controller and a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for speed control. This article describes the simulation model of BLDC motor drive control with the help of MATLAB - SIMULINK simulation software. The built simulation model includes a BLDC motor dynamic block, Hall sensor signal generation block, inverter converter block, and PI controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20DC%20motor" title="brushless DC motor">brushless DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC" title=" BLDC"> BLDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six-step%20inverter" title=" six-step inverter"> six-step inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20speed" title=" PI speed"> PI speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179369/speed-control-of-brushless-dc-motor-using-pi-controller-in-matlab-simulink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4040</span> Optimal Path Motion of Positional Electric Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Grigoryev">M. A. Grigoryev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Shishkov"> A. N. Shishkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Savosteenko"> N. V. Savosteenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article identifies optimal path motion of positional electric drive, for example, the feed of cold pilgering mill. It is shown that triangle is the optimum shape of the speed curve, and the ratio of its sides depends on the type of load diagram, in particular from the influence of the main drive of pilgering mill, and is not dependent on the presence of backlash and elasticity in the system. This thesis is proved analytically, and confirmed the results are obtained by a mathematical model that take into account the influence of the main drive-to-drive feed. By statistical analysis of oscillograph traces obtained on the real object allowed to give recommendations on the optimal control of the electric drive feed cold pilgering mill 450. Based on the data that the load torque depends on by hit the pipe in rolls of pilgering mill, occurs in the interval (0,6…0,75) tc, the recommended ratio of start time to the braking time is 2:1. Optimized path motion allowed get up to 25% more RMS torque for the cycle that allowed increased the productivity of the mill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20curve%20speed" title="optimal curve speed">optimal curve speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positional%20electric%20drive" title=" positional electric drive"> positional electric drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20pilgering%20mill%20450" title=" cold pilgering mill 450"> cold pilgering mill 450</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20path%20motion" title=" optimal path motion"> optimal path motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46141/optimal-path-motion-of-positional-electric-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4039</span> Autonomous Control of Ultrasonic Transducer Drive System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Keun%20Jeong">Dong-Keun Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Hyun%20Kim"> Jong-Hyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woon-Ha%20Yoon"> Woon-Ha Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Je%20Kim"> Hee-Je Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to automatically operate the ultrasonic transducer drive system for sonicating aluminum, this paper proposes the ultrasonic transducer sensorless control algorithm. The resonance frequency shift and electrical impedance change is a common phenomenon in the state of the ultrasonic transducer. The proposed control algorithm make use of the impedance change of ultrasonic transducer according to the environment between air state and aluminum alloy state, it controls the ultrasonic transducer drive system autonomous without a sensor. The proposed sensorless autonomous ultrasonic transducer control algorithm was experimentally verified using a 3kW prototype ultrasonic transducer drive system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20transducer%20drive%20system" title="ultrasonic transducer drive system">ultrasonic transducer drive system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20change" title=" impedance change"> impedance change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensorless" title=" sensorless"> sensorless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20control%20algorithm" title=" autonomous control algorithm"> autonomous control algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63698/autonomous-control-of-ultrasonic-transducer-drive-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4038</span> An Algorithm for Preventing the Irregular Operation Modes of the Drive Synchronous Motor Providing the Ore Grinding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdasaryan%20Marinka">Baghdasaryan Marinka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current scientific and engineering interest concerning the problems of preventing the emergency manifestations of drive synchronous motors, ensuring the ore grinding technological process has been justified. The analysis of the known works devoted to the abnormal operation modes of synchronous motors and possibilities of protection against them, has shown that their application is inexpedient for preventing the impermissible displays arising in the electrical drive synchronous motors ensuring the ore-grinding process. The main energy and technological factors affecting the technical condition of synchronous motors are evaluated. An algorithm for preventing the irregular operation modes of the electrical drive synchronous motor applied in the ore-grinding technological process has been developed and proposed for further application which gives an opportunity to provide smart solutions, ensuring the safe operation of the drive synchronous motor by a comprehensive consideration of the energy and technological factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20motor" title="synchronous motor">synchronous motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abnormal%20operating%20mode" title=" abnormal operating mode"> abnormal operating mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20drive" title=" electric drive"> electric drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20factor" title=" energy factor"> energy factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20factor" title=" technological factor"> technological factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122065/an-algorithm-for-preventing-the-irregular-operation-modes-of-the-drive-synchronous-motor-providing-the-ore-grinding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4037</span> Design and Analysis of a Laminated Composite Automotive Drive Shaft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Kh.%20Bisheh">Hossein Kh. Bisheh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Wu"> Nan Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advanced composite materials have a great importance in engineering structures due to their high specific modulus and strength and low weight. These materials can be used in design and fabrication of automotive drive shafts to reduce the weight of the structure. Hence, an optimum design of a composite drive shaft satisfying the design criteria, can be an appropriate substitution of metallic drive shafts. The aim of this study is to design and analyze a composite automotive drive shaft with high specific strength and low weight satisfying the design criteria. Tsai-Wu criterion is chosen as the failure criterion. Various designs with different lay-ups and materials are investigated based on the design requirements and finally, an optimum design satisfying the design criteria is chosen based on the weight and cost considerations. The results of this study indicate that if the weight is the main concern, a shaft made of Carbon/Epoxy can be a good option, and if the cost is a more important parameter, a hybrid shaft made of aluminum and Carbon/Epoxy can be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bending%20natural%20frequency" title="Bending natural frequency">Bending natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Composite%20drive%20shaft" title=" Composite drive shaft"> Composite drive shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peak%20torque" title=" Peak torque"> Peak torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torsional%20buckling" title=" Torsional buckling"> Torsional buckling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96457/design-and-analysis-of-a-laminated-composite-automotive-drive-shaft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4036</span> Fatigue Life Estimation Using N-Code for Drive Shaft of Passenger Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20An%20Kim">Tae An Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo%20Lim%20Kang"> Hyo Lim Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Won%20Han"> Hye Won Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Ho%20Han"> Seung Ho Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The drive shaft of passenger vehicle has its own function such as transmitting the engine torque from the gearbox and differential gears to the wheels. It must also compensate for all variations in angle or length resulting from manoeuvring and deflection for perfect synchronization between joints. Torsional fatigue failures occur frequently at the connection parts of the spline joints in the end of the drive shaft. In this study, the fatigue life of a drive shaft of passenger vehicle was estimated by using the finite element analysis. A commercial software of n-Code was applied under twisting load conditions, i.e. 0~134kgf•m and 0~188kgf•m, in which the shear strain range-fatigue life relationship considering Signed Shear method, Smith-Watson-Topper equation, Neuber-Hoffman Seeger method, size sensitivity factor and surface roughness effect was taken into account. The estimated fatigue life was verified by a twisting load test of the real drive shaft in a test rig. (Human Resource Training Project for Industry Matched R & D, KIAT, N036200004). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drive%20shaft" title="drive shaft">drive shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life%20estimation" title=" fatigue life estimation"> fatigue life estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passenger%20vehicle" title=" passenger vehicle"> passenger vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strain%20range-fatigue%20life%20relationship" title=" shear strain range-fatigue life relationship"> shear strain range-fatigue life relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20fatigue%20failure" title=" torsional fatigue failure"> torsional fatigue failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75855/fatigue-life-estimation-using-n-code-for-drive-shaft-of-passenger-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4035</span> An Investigation on Hybrid Composite Drive Shaft for Automotive Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20Arslan%20%C3%96zgen">Gizem Arslan Özgen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kutay%20Y%C3%BCcet%C3%BCrk"> Kutay Yücetürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metin%20Tano%C4%9Flu"> Metin Tanoğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engin%20Akta%C5%9F"> Engin Aktaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power transmitted from the engine to the final drive where useful work is applied through a system consisting of a gearbox, clutch, drive shaft and a differential in the rear-wheel-drive automobiles. It is well-known that the steel drive shaft is usually manufactured in two pieces to increase the fundamental bending natural frequency to ensure safe operation conditions. In this work, hybrid one-piece propeller shafts composed of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites have been designed for a rear wheel drive automobile satisfying three design specifications, such as static torque transmission capability, torsional buckling and the fundamental natural bending frequency. Hybridization of carbon and glass fibers is being studied to optimize the cost/performance requirements. Composites shaft materials with various fiber orientation angles and stacking sequences are being fabricated and analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20propeller%20shaft" title="composite propeller shaft">composite propeller shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridization" title=" hybridization"> hybridization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20matrix" title=" epoxy matrix"> epoxy matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20torque%20transmission%20capability" title=" static torque transmission capability"> static torque transmission capability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20buckling%20strength" title=" torsional buckling strength"> torsional buckling strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20natural%20bending%20frequency." title=" fundamental natural bending frequency."> fundamental natural bending frequency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90888/an-investigation-on-hybrid-composite-drive-shaft-for-automotive-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4034</span> Development of a Single Drive for the Accessories Components in IC Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rishi%20Jain">R. Rishi Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Viswanath"> S. V. Viswanath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Naveen%20Vasanthan"> R. Naveen Vasanthan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally all the IC engines, alternators, air conditioner compressors, oil pumps and coolant pumps are driven by a crankshaft utilizing V-belt drivers. An increase in the number of idle pulleys results in the increase of frictional power. Further, components like idler and belt tensioner are also needed to run the belt drive which adds to the frictional power. The aspiration of this paper is to minimize the friction power by introducing a new system that could combine all the accessories in one shaft within a single casing. This is conceptualized to minimize the friction power, service and maintenance cost, space and also time. The validation of this work can be executed through a simpler drive transmitting power from the crank shaft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20drive" title="single drive">single drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idler%20pulley" title=" idler pulley"> idler pulley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belt%20tensioner" title=" belt tensioner"> belt tensioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20power" title=" friction power"> friction power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casing" title=" casing"> casing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20and%20cost" title=" space and cost"> space and cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9477/development-of-a-single-drive-for-the-accessories-components-in-ic-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4033</span> Direct Drive Double Fed Wind Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vlado%20Ostovic">Vlado Ostovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An electric machine topology characterized by single tooth winding in both stator and rotor is presented. The proposed machine is capable of operating as a direct drive double fed wind generator (DDDF, D3F) because it requires no gearbox and only a reduced-size converter. A wind turbine drive built around a D3F generator is cheaper to manufacture, requires less maintenance, and has a higher energy yield than its conventional counterparts. The single tooth wound generator of a D3F turbine has superb volume utilization and lower stator I2R losses due to its extremely short-end windings. Both stator and rotor of a D3F generator can be manufactured in segments, which simplifies its assembly and transportation to the site, and makes production cheaper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20drive" title="direct drive">direct drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20fed%20generator" title=" double fed generator"> double fed generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gearbox" title=" gearbox"> gearbox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet%20generators" title=" permanent magnet generators"> permanent magnet generators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20tooth%20winding" title=" single tooth winding"> single tooth winding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power" title=" wind power"> wind power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152197/direct-drive-double-fed-wind-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4032</span> Reducing Accidents Using Text Stops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benish%20Chaudhry">Benish Chaudhry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the accidents these days are occurring because of the ‘text-and-drive’ concept. If we look at the structure of cities in UAE, there are great distances, because of which it is impossible to drive without using or merely checking the cellphone. Moreover, if we look at the road structure, it is almost impossible to stop at a point and text. With the introduction of TEXT STOPs, drivers will be able to stop different stops for a maximum of 1 and a half-minute in order to reply or write a message. They can be introduced at a distance of 10 minutes of driving on the average speed of the road, so the drivers can look forward to a stop and can reply to a text when needed. A user survey indicates that drivers are willing to NOT text-and-drive if they have such a facility available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title="transport">transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidents" title=" accidents"> accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20planning" title=" road planning"> road planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44563/reducing-accidents-using-text-stops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4031</span> An Algorithm for Estimating the Stable Operation Conditions of the Synchronous Motor of the Ore Mill Electric Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Baghdasaryan">M. Baghdasaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sukiasyan"> A. Sukiasyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An algorithm for estimating the stable operation conditions of the synchronous motor of the ore mill electric drive is proposed. The stable operation conditions of the synchronous motor are revealed, taking into account the estimation of the <em>q</em> angle change and the technological factors. The stability condition obtained allows to ensure the stable operation of the motor in the synchronous mode, taking into account the nonlinear character of the mill loading. The developed algorithm gives an opportunity to present the undesirable phenomena, arising in the electric drive system. The obtained stability condition can be successfully applied for the optimal control of the electromechanical system of the mill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20drive" title="electric drive">electric drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20motor" title=" synchronous motor"> synchronous motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ore%20mill" title=" ore mill"> ore mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20factors" title=" technological factors"> technological factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47401/an-algorithm-for-estimating-the-stable-operation-conditions-of-the-synchronous-motor-of-the-ore-mill-electric-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4030</span> Computational Agent-Based Approach for Addressing the Consequences of Releasing Gene Drive Mosquito to Control Malaria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Hashmi">Imran Hashmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sipkaduwa%20Arachchige%20Sashika%20Sureni%20Wickramasooriya"> Sipkaduwa Arachchige Sashika Sureni Wickramasooriya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gene-drive technology has emerged as a promising tool for disease control by influencing the population dynamics of disease-carrying organisms. Various gene drive mechanisms, derived from global laboratory experiments, aim to strategically manage and prevent the spread of targeted diseases. One prominent strategy involves population replacement, wherein genetically modified mosquitoes are introduced to replace the existing local wild population. To enhance our understanding and aid in the design of effective release strategies, we employ a comprehensive mathematical model. The utilized approach employs agent-based modeling, enabling the consideration of individual mosquito attributes and flexibility in parameter manipulation. Through the integration of an agent-based model and a meta-population spatial approach, the dynamics of gene drive mosquito spreading in a released site are simulated. The model's outcomes offer valuable insights into future population dynamics, providing guidance for the development of informed release strategies. This research significantly contributes to the ongoing discourse on the responsible and effective implementation of gene drive technology for disease vector control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20drive" title="gene drive">gene drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent-based%20modeling" title=" agent-based modeling"> agent-based modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease-carrying%20organisms" title=" disease-carrying organisms"> disease-carrying organisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177936/computational-agent-based-approach-for-addressing-the-consequences-of-releasing-gene-drive-mosquito-to-control-malaria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4029</span> Development of a Drive Cycle Based Control Strategy for the KIIRA-EV SMACK Hybrid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Madanda">Richard Madanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Isaac%20Musasizi"> Paul Isaac Musasizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Stevens%20Tickodri-Togboa"> Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doreen%20Orishaba"> Doreen Orishaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Tumwine"> Victor Tumwine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New vehicle concepts targeting specific geographical markets are designed to satisfy a unique set of road and load requirements. The KIIRA-EV SMACK (KES) hybrid vehicle is designed in Uganda for the East African market. The engine and generator added to the KES electric power train serve both as the range extender and the power assist. In this paper, the design consideration taken to achieve the proper management of the on-board power from the batteries and engine-generator based on the specific drive cycle are presented. To harness the fuel- efficiency benefits of the power train, a specific control philosophy operating the engine and generator at the most efficient speed- torque and speed-power regions is presented. By using a suitable model developed in MATLAB using Simulink and Stateflow, preliminary results show that the steady-state response of the vehicle for a particular hypothetical drive cycle mimicking the expected drive conditions in the city and highway traffic is sufficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20strategy" title="control strategy">control strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drive%20cycle" title=" drive cycle"> drive cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20vehicle" title=" hybrid vehicle"> hybrid vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34204/development-of-a-drive-cycle-based-control-strategy-for-the-kiira-ev-smack-hybrid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4028</span> The Potential of Cloud Computing in Overcoming the Problems of Collective Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussah%20M.%20AlShayea">Hussah M. AlShayea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to identify the potential of cloud computing, "Google Drive" in overcoming the problems of collective learning from the viewpoint of Princess Noura University students. The study included (92) students from the College of Education. To achieve the goal of the study, several steps have been taken. First, the most important problems of collective learning were identified from the viewpoint of the students. After that, a survey identifying the potential of cloud computing "Google Drive" in overcoming the problems of collective learning was distributed among the students. The study results showed that the students believe that the use of Google Drive contributed to overcoming these problems. In the light of those results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals, including: encouraging teachers and learners to employ cloud computing to overcome the problems and constraints of collective learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20learning" title=" collective learning"> collective learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google%20drive" title=" Google drive"> Google drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Princess%20Noura%20University" title=" Princess Noura University"> Princess Noura University</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16964/the-potential-of-cloud-computing-in-overcoming-the-problems-of-collective-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4027</span> Design and Tooth Contact Analysis of Face Gear Drive with Modified Tooth Surface in Helicopter Transmission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazumasa%20Kawasaki">Kazumasa Kawasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isamu%20Tsuji"> Isamu Tsuji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Gunbara"> Hiroshi Gunbara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A face gear drive is actually composed of a spur or helical pinion that is in mesh with a face gear and transfers power and motion between intersecting or skew axes. Due to the peculiarity of the face gear drive in shunt and confluence drive, it shows potential advantages in the application in the helicopter transmission. The advantages of such applications are the possibility of the split of the torque that appears to be significant where a pinion drives two face gears to provide an accurate division of power and motion. This mechanism greatly reduces the weight and cost compared to conventional design. Therefore, this has been led to revived interest and the face gear drive has been utilized in substitution for bevel and hypoid gears in limited cases. The face gear drive with a spur or a helical pinion is newly designed in order to determine an effective meshing area under the design parameters and specific design dimensions. The face gear has two unique dimensions which control the face width of the tooth, and the outside and inside diameters of the face gear. On the other hand, it is necessary to modify the tooth surfaces of face gear drive in order to avoid the influences of alignment errors on the tooth contact patterns in practical use. In this case, the pinion tooth surfaces are usually modified in the conventional method. However, it is hard to control the tooth contact pattern intentionally and adjust the position of the pinion axis in meshing of the gear pair. Therefore, a method of the modification of the tooth surfaces of the face gear is proposed. Moreover, based on tooth contact analysis, the tooth contact pattern and transmission errors of the designed face gear drive are analyzed, and the influences of alignment errors on the tooth contact patterns and transmission errors are investigated. These results showed that the tooth contact patterns and transmission errors were controllable and the face gear drive which is insensitive to alignment errors can be obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment%20error" title="alignment error">alignment error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20gear" title=" face gear"> face gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gear%20design" title=" gear design"> gear design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicopter%20transmission" title=" helicopter transmission"> helicopter transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20contact%20analysis" title=" tooth contact analysis"> tooth contact analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52629/design-and-tooth-contact-analysis-of-face-gear-drive-with-modified-tooth-surface-in-helicopter-transmission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4026</span> Intelligent Path Tracking Hybrid Fuzzy Controller for a Unicycle-Type Differential Drive Robot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20M.%20Almeshal">Abdullah M. Almeshal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20R.%20Alenezi"> Mohammad R. Alenezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Moaz"> Muhammad Moaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we discuss the performance of applying hybrid spiral dynamic bacterial chemotaxis (HSDBC) optimisation algorithm on an intelligent controller for a differential drive robot. A unicycle class of differential drive robot is utilised to serve as a basis application to evaluate the performance of the HSDBC algorithm. A hybrid fuzzy logic controller is developed and implemented for the unicycle robot to follow a predefined trajectory. Trajectories of various frictional profiles and levels were simulated to evaluate the performance of the robot at different operating conditions. Controller gains and scaling factors were optimised using HSDBC and the performance is evaluated in comparison to previously adopted optimisation algorithms. The HSDBC has proven its feasibility in achieving a faster convergence toward the optimal gains and resulted in a superior performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20drive%20robot" title="differential drive robot">differential drive robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20fuzzy%20controller" title=" hybrid fuzzy controller"> hybrid fuzzy controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20tracking" title=" path tracking"> path tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unicycle%20robot" title=" unicycle robot"> unicycle robot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30098/intelligent-path-tracking-hybrid-fuzzy-controller-for-a-unicycle-type-differential-drive-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4025</span> Analysis of Electromechanical Torsional Vibration in Large-Power AC Drive System Based on Virtual Inertia Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Wang">Jin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunyi%20Zhu"> Chunyi Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongjian%20Li"> Chongjian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dapeng%20Zheng"> Dapeng Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method based on virtual inertia for suppressing electromechanical torsional vibration of a large-power AC drive system is presented in this paper. The main drive system of the rolling mill is the research object, and a two-inertia elastic model is established to study the mechanism of electromechanical torsional vibration. The improvement is made based on the control of the load observer. The virtual inertia control ratio K is added to the speed forward channel, and the feedback loop adds 1-K to design virtual inertia control. The control method combines the advantages of the positive and negative feedback control of the load observer, can achieve the purpose of controlling the moment of inertia of the motor from the perspective of electrical control, and effectively suppress oscillation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromechanical%20torsional%20vibration" title="electromechanical torsional vibration">electromechanical torsional vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large-power%20AC%20drive%20system" title=" large-power AC drive system"> large-power AC drive system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20observer" title=" load observer"> load observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20design" title=" simulation design"> simulation design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130893/analysis-of-electromechanical-torsional-vibration-in-large-power-ac-drive-system-based-on-virtual-inertia-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4024</span> Compilation of Load Spectrum of Loader Drive Axle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yongxiang">Wei Yongxiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Haoyue"> Zhu Haoyue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tang%20Heng"> Tang Heng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Qunwei"> Yuan Qunwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study the preparation method of gear fatigue load spectrum for loaders, the load signal of four typical working conditions of loader is collected. The signal that reflects the law of load change is obtained by preprocessing the original signal. The torque of the drive axle is calculated by using the rain flow counting method. According to the operating time ratio of each working condition, the two-dimensional load spectrum based on the real working conditions of the drive axle of loader is established by the cycle extrapolation and synthesis method. The two-dimensional load spectrum is converted into one-dimensional load spectrum by means of the mean of torque equal damage method. Torque amplification includes the maximum load torque of the main reduction gear. Based on the theory of equal damage, the accelerated cycles are calculated. In this way, the load spectrum of the loading condition of the drive axle is prepared to reflect loading condition of the loader. The load spectrum can provide reference for fatigue life test and life prediction of loader drive axle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20spectrum" title="load spectrum">load spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axle" title=" axle"> axle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque" title=" torque"> torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain-flow%20counting%20method" title=" rain-flow counting method"> rain-flow counting method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrapolation" title=" extrapolation"> extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78796/compilation-of-load-spectrum-of-loader-drive-axle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4023</span> Monitoring of Belt-Drive Defects Using the Vibration Signals and Simulation Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nabhan">A. Nabhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20R.%20El-Sharkawy"> Mohamed R. El-Sharkawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rashed"> A. Rashed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this paper is to dedicate the belt drive system faults like cogs missing, misalignment and belt worm using vibration analysis technique. Experimentally, the belt drive test-rig is equipped to measure vibrations signals under different operating conditions. Finite element 3D model of belt drive system is created and vibration response analyzed using commercial finite element software ABAQUS/CAE.&nbsp; Root mean square (RMS) and Crest Factor will serve as indicators of average amplitude of envelope analysis signals. The vibration signals pattern obtained from the simulation model and experimental data have the same characteristics. It can be concluded that each case of the RMS is more effective in detecting the defect for acceleration response. While Crest Factor parameter has a response with the displacement and velocity of vibration signals. Also it can be noticed that the model has difficulty in completing the solution when the misalignment angle is higher than 1 degree. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20model" title="simulation model">simulation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misalignment" title=" misalignment"> misalignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cogs%20missing" title=" cogs missing"> cogs missing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20analysis" title=" vibration analysis"> vibration analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98593/monitoring-of-belt-drive-defects-using-the-vibration-signals-and-simulation-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4022</span> Disturbance Observer-Based Predictive Functional Critical Control of a Table Drive System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiyuki%20Satoh">Toshiyuki Satoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroki%20Hara"> Hiroki Hara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoki%20Saito"> Naoki Saito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-ya%20Nagase"> Jun-ya Nagase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihiko%20Saga"> Norihiko Saga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses a control system design for a table drive system based on the disturbance observer (DOB)-based predictive functional critical control (PFCC). To empower the previously developed DOB-based PFC to handle constraints on controlled outputs, we propose to take a critical control approach. To this end, we derive the transfer function representation of the PFC controller, and yield a detailed design procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through an experimental evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20control" title="critical control">critical control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disturbance%20observer" title=" disturbance observer"> disturbance observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronics" title=" mechatronics"> mechatronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20control" title=" motion control"> motion control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20functional%20control" title=" predictive functional control"> predictive functional control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=table%20drive%20systems" title=" table drive systems"> table drive systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1440/disturbance-observer-based-predictive-functional-critical-control-of-a-table-drive-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4021</span> Optimal Operation of a Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive Water Pumping System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20K.%20Lujara">Nelson K. Lujara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance characteristics of a photovoltaic induction motor drive water pumping system with and without maximum power tracker is analyzed and presented. The analysis is done through determination and assessment of critical loss components in the system using computer aided design (CAD) tools for optimal operation of the system. The results can be used to formulate a well-calibrated computer aided design package of photovoltaic water pumping systems based on the induction motor drive. The results allow the design engineer to pre-determine the flow rate and efficiency of the system to suit particular application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pumping" title=" water pumping"> water pumping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=losses" title=" losses"> losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title=" induction motor"> induction motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45964/optimal-operation-of-a-photovoltaic-induction-motor-drive-water-pumping-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4020</span> Operational Guidelines for Six-Sigma Implementation: Survey of Indian Medium Scale Automotive Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeshkumar%20U.%20Sambhe">Rajeshkumar U. Sambhe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large scale Indian manufacturers started implementing Six Sigma to their supply core to fulfill the endless need of high quality products. As well, they initiated encouraging their suppliers to apply the well-ascertain SS management practice and kept no resource for supplier enterprises, generally small midsized enterprises to think for the admittance of Six Sigma as a quality promotion drive. There are many issues to study for requisite changes before the introduction of Six Sigma in auto SMEs. This paper converges on impeding factors while implementing SS drive and also pinpoints the gains achieved through successful implementation. The result of this study suggest some operational guidelines for effective implementation of Six Sigma from evidences acquired through research questionnaire and interviews with industrial professionals, apportioned to assort auto sector mid-sized enterprises (MSEs) in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indian%20automotive%20SMEs" title="indian automotive SMEs">indian automotive SMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20practices" title=" quality management practices"> quality management practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six%20sigma%20imperatives" title=" six sigma imperatives"> six sigma imperatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problems%20faced%20in%20six%20sigma%20implementation" title=" problems faced in six sigma implementation"> problems faced in six sigma implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=some%20guidelines%20for%20implementation" title=" some guidelines for implementation"> some guidelines for implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39605/operational-guidelines-for-six-sigma-implementation-survey-of-indian-medium-scale-automotive-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4019</span> Soft Robotic Exoskeletal Glove with Single Motor-Driven Tendon-Based Differential Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naveed%20Akhter">M. Naveed Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Aslam"> Jawad Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Gillani"> Omer Gillani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To aid and rehabilitate increasing number of patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke, a lightweight, wearable, and 3D printable exoskeletal glove has been developed. Unlike previously developed metal or fabric-based exoskeletons, this research presents the development of soft exoskeletal glove made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The drive mechanism consists of a single motor-driven antagonistic tendon to perform extension or flexion of middle and index finger. The tendon-based differential drive has been incorporated to allow for grasping of irregularly shaped objects. The design features easy 3D-printability with TPU without a need for supports. The overall weight of the glove and the actuation unit is approximately 500g. Performance of the glove was tested on a custom test-bench with integrated load cells, and the grip strength was tested to be around 30N per finger while grasping objects of irregular shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printable" title="3D printable">3D printable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20drive" title=" differential drive"> differential drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeletal%20glove" title=" exoskeletal glove"> exoskeletal glove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20motor%20driven" title=" single motor driven"> single motor driven</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111299/soft-robotic-exoskeletal-glove-with-single-motor-driven-tendon-based-differential-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4018</span> Experimental Study of the Fan Electric Drive Based on a Two-Speed Motor in Dynamic Modes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhsud%20Bobojanov">Makhsud Bobojanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dauletbek%20Rismukhamedov"> Dauletbek Rismukhamedov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furkat%20Tuychiev"> Furkat Tuychiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khusniddin%20Shamsutdionov"> Khusniddin Shamsutdionov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents the results of experimental study of a two-speed asynchronous motor 4A80B6/4U3 with pole-changing winding on a fan drive VSUN 160x74-0.55-4 in static and dynamic modes. A prototype of a pole-changing Motor was made based on the results of the calculation and the performance and mechanical characteristics of the Motor were removed at the experimental stand, as well as useful capacities and other parameters from both poles were determined. In dynamic mode, the curves of changes of torque and current of the stator were removed by direct start, constant speed operation, by switching of speeds and stopping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20speed%20motor" title="two speed motor">two speed motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole-changing%20motor" title=" pole-changing motor"> pole-changing motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20drive%20of%20fan" title=" electric drive of fan"> electric drive of fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modes" title=" dynamic modes"> dynamic modes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154219/experimental-study-of-the-fan-electric-drive-based-on-a-two-speed-motor-in-dynamic-modes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20drive&amp;page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20drive&amp;page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20drive&amp;page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20drive&amp;page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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