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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bindingssterkte_van_verschillende_chemische_bindingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bindingssterkte_van_verschillende_chemische_bindingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bindingssterkte van verschillende chemische bindingen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bindingssterkte_van_verschillende_chemische_bindingen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Bindingssterkte van verschillende chemische bindingen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bindingssterkte_van_verschillende_chemische_bindingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ionisch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionisch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ionisch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionisch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metallisch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metallisch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Metallisch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metallisch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Covalent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Covalent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Covalent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Covalent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bindingsenergie_van_atoomkernen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bindingsenergie_van_atoomkernen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bindingsenergie van atoomkernen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bindingsenergie_van_atoomkernen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Bindingsenergie van atoomkernen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bindingsenergie_van_atoomkernen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Voorbeelden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bindingsenergie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 39 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindingsenergie" title="Bindingsenergie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bindingsenergie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="طاقة الارتباط – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاقة الارتباط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Энергія сувязі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энергія сувязі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Энэргія сувязі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Энэргія сувязі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Енергия на свързване – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енергия на свързване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_de_lligadura" title="Energia de lligadura – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Energia de lligadura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="ЗӀен энерги – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЗӀен энерги" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindingsenergi" title="Bindingsenergi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bindingsenergi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindungsenergie" title="Bindungsenergie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bindungsenergie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energy" title="Binding energy – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Binding energy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_de_uni%C3%B3n" title="Energía de unión – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Energía de unión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoseenergia" title="Seoseenergia – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seoseenergia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotze-energia" title="Lotze-energia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lotze-energia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="انرژی بستگی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انرژی بستگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidosenergia" title="Sidosenergia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sidosenergia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_liaison" title="Énergie de liaison – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie de liaison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="बंधन ऊर्जा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बंधन ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energija_vezanja" title="Energija vezanja – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Energija vezanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6t%C3%A9si_energia" title="Kötési energia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kötési energia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB_%D5%A7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կապի էներգիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կապի էներգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_pengikatan" title="Energi pengikatan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi pengikatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_di_legame" title="Energia di legame – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Energia di legame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="結合エネルギー – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結合エネルギー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%A1io_energija" title="Ryšio energija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ryšio energija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82" title="ബന്ധനോർജ്ജം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബന്ധനോർജ്ജം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Холбогдох энерги – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Холбогдох энерги" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenaga_pengikatan" title="Tenaga pengikatan – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tenaga pengikatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindingsenergi" title="Bindingsenergi – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bindingsenergi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindingsenergi" title="Bindingsenergi – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bindingsenergi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_wi%C4%85zania" title="Energia wiązania – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Energia wiązania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Энергия связи – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энергия связи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezavna_energija" title="Vezavna energija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vezavna energija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energija_vezanja" title="Energija vezanja – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Energija vezanja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindningsenergi" title="Bindningsenergi – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bindningsenergi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பிணை ஆற்றல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிணை ஆற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="พลังงานยึดเหนี่ยว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลังงานยึดเหนี่ยว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Flanma_enerjisi" title="Bağlanma enerjisi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağlanma enerjisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Енергія зв'язку – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енергія зв'язку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="结合能 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="结合能" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/Bestand:Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dipool-dipoolinteractie"><img alt="Dipool-dipoolinteractie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png/234px-Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png" decoding="async" width="234" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png/351px-Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png/468px-Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="263" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small>Dipool-dipoolinteractie</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Moleculen (intramoleculair) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covalente_binding" title="Covalente binding">Covalente binding</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Moleculen (intermoleculair) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanderwaalskrachten" title="Vanderwaalskrachten">Vanderwaalskrachten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterstofbrug" title="Waterstofbrug">Waterstofbrug</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Zouten </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionaire_binding" title="Ionaire binding">Ionbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">Ion</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dipool" title="Dipool">dipoolkrachten</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Metalen </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metaalbinding" title="Metaalbinding">Metaalbinding</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Covalente netwerken </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covalente_binding" title="Covalente binding">Covalente binding</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Theorieën </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewistheorie" title="Lewistheorie">Lewistheorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentiebindingstheorie" title="Valentiebindingstheorie">Valentiebindingstheorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentieschil-elektronenpaar-repulsie-theorie" title="Valentieschil-elektronenpaar-repulsie-theorie">VSEPR-theorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecuulorbitaaltheorie" title="Molecuulorbitaaltheorie">Molecuulorbitaaltheorie</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bindingslengte" title="Bindingslengte">Bindingslengte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindingshoek" title="Bindingshoek">Bindingshoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindingsenthalpie" title="Bindingsenthalpie">Bindingsenthalpie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bindingsenergie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindingsorde" title="Bindingsorde">Bindingsorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativiteit" title="Elektronegativiteit">Elektronegativiteit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosterenthalpie" title="Roosterenthalpie">Roosterenthalpie</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop center notheme" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Bindingsenergie</b> is de <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> die vrijkomt wanneer een molecuul in de gasfase wordt gevormd uit zijn atomen die oorspronkelijk op oneindig grote afstand van elkaar lagen. Omdat bij het vormen van <a href="/wiki/Chemische_binding" title="Chemische binding">bindingen</a> energie vrijkomt, is in onderstaande tabellen de bindingsenergie positief. </p><p>In de <a href="/wiki/Kernfysica" title="Kernfysica">kernfysica</a> wordt de term gebruikt voor de aantrekkende kracht tussen <a href="/wiki/Subatomair_deeltje" title="Subatomair deeltje">subatomaire</a> en <a href="/wiki/Elementair_deeltje" title="Elementair deeltje">elementaire deeltjes</a>, en in de <a href="/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde">scheikunde</a> voor de chemische binding tussen <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atomen</a>. </p><p>Wanneer een binding tussen twee atomen wordt gevormd komt er <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> vrij en om een binding tussen twee atomen te breken is er energie nodig. De energie die vrijkomt als een binding gevormd wordt of die nodig is om ze te breken wordt de bindingsenergie genoemd. Sommige bindingen zijn sterker dan andere bindingen; bij de sterkere binding is er meer bindingsenergie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bindingssterkte_van_verschillende_chemische_bindingen">Bindingssterkte van verschillende chemische bindingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bindingssterkte van verschillende chemische bindingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bindingssterkte van verschillende chemische bindingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ionisch">Ionisch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ionisch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ionisch"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De formule voor de <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatica" title="Elektrostatica">elektrostatische</a> aantrekkingskracht tussen twee ladingen is van de vorm </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=k{\frac {Q_{1}\cdot Q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=k{\frac {Q_{1}\cdot Q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fea975c5d2dbf1ac283c952ee02189ab1c969921" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.351ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=k{\frac {Q_{1}\cdot Q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>met </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}"></span> de kracht in <a href="/wiki/Newton_(eenheid)" title="Newton (eenheid)">newton</a>,</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}"></span> een constante,</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8ea6463cb36d8278ff71214fb4d13127039ae53" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.893ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q_{1}}"></span> de eerste lading in <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_(eenheid)" title="Coulomb (eenheid)">coulomb</a>,</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b86e8bff64d5e62fc8f45a35875e78bc9bef74a9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.893ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q_{2}}"></span> de tweede lading idem en</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span> hun tussenafstand in <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a></dd></dl> <p>De factoren die de sterkte van een <a href="/wiki/Ionaire_binding" title="Ionaire binding">ionaire binding</a> beïnvloeden, zijn: </p> <ul><li><b>de grootte van de ionen</b>: hoe groter de ionen, hoe kleiner de aantrekkingskracht, en hoe zwakker de binding.</li></ul> <p>Voorbeeld: bindingsenergie voor de fluoriden van de alkalimetalen: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam </th> <th>Formule </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">Ionenstraal</a> van X<sup>+</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a>) </th> <th>Bindingsenergie (<a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a> per <a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithiumfluoride" title="Lithiumfluoride">Lithiumfluoride</a> </td> <td>LiF </td> <td>74 </td> <td>1039 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natriumfluoride" title="Natriumfluoride">Natriumfluoride</a> </td> <td>NaF </td> <td>102 </td> <td>920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaliumfluoride" title="Kaliumfluoride">Kaliumfluoride</a> </td> <td>KF </td> <td>138 </td> <td>816 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumfluoride" title="Rubidiumfluoride">Rubidiumfluoride</a> </td> <td>RbF </td> <td>149 </td> <td>780 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cesiumfluoride" title="Cesiumfluoride">Cesiumfluoride</a> </td> <td>CsF </td> <td>170 </td> <td>749 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>de grootte van de ladingen</b>: hoe groter de ladingen, hoe sterker de binding</li></ul> <p>Voorbeeld: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam </th> <th>Formule </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">Kation</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">Anion</a> </th> <th>Bindingsenergie (<a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a> per <a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natriumchloride" title="Natriumchloride">Natriumchloride</a> </td> <td>NaCl </td> <td>Na<sup>+</sup> </td> <td>Cl<sup>−</sup> </td> <td>920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesiumchloride" title="Magnesiumchloride">Magnesiumchloride</a> </td> <td>MgCl<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>Mg<sup>2+</sup> </td> <td>Cl<sup>−</sup> </td> <td>2502 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natriumsulfide" title="Natriumsulfide">Natriumsulfide</a> </td> <td>Na<sub>2</sub>S </td> <td>Na<sup>+</sup> </td> <td>S<sup>2−</sup> </td> <td>2207 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesiumsulfide" title="Magnesiumsulfide">Magnesiumsulfide</a> </td> <td>MgS </td> <td>Mg<sup>2+</sup> </td> <td>S<sup>2−</sup> </td> <td>3360 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metallisch">Metallisch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Metallisch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Metallisch"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>de smelttemperatuur</b>: hoe hoger hoe sterker de binding;</li></ul> <p>Voorbeeld: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam </th> <th>Formule </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Eenheidscel" title="Eenheidscel">Roosterafstand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">Smeltpunt</a> (°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td>Na </td> <td>430 </td> <td>98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> </td> <td>K </td> <td>530 </td> <td>63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td>Ca </td> <td>550 </td> <td>851 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Covalent">Covalent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Covalent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Covalent"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>de atoomafstand</b>: hoe kleiner hoe sterker de binding;</li></ul> <p>Voorbeeld: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam </th> <th>Formule </th> <th>Binding </th> <th>Bindingslengte (<a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a>) </th> <th>Bindingsenergie (<a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a> per <a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chloor_(element)" title="Chloor (element)">Chloor</a> </td> <td>Cl<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>Cl-Cl </td> <td>199 </td> <td>242 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Broom_(element)" title="Broom (element)">Broom</a> </td> <td>Br<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>Br-Br </td> <td>228 </td> <td>193 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethaan" title="Ethaan">Ethaan</a> </td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>C-C </td> <td>154 </td> <td>348 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etheen" title="Etheen">Etheen</a> </td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>C=C </td> <td>134 </td> <td>614 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethyn" title="Ethyn">Ethyn</a> </td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>C≡C </td> <td>120 </td> <td>839 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Distikstof" title="Distikstof">Stikstof</a> </td> <td>N<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>N≡N </td> <td>110 </td> <td>945 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bindingsenergie_van_atoomkernen">Bindingsenergie van atoomkernen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bindingsenergie van atoomkernen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bindingsenergie van atoomkernen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg/450px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg/675px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg/900px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes_NL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Bindingsenergie per nucleon van gangbare isotopen. Klik om te vergroten</figcaption></figure> <p>In het <a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem">periodiek systeem</a> van elementen vertoont de reeks lichte elementen van <a href="/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element)">waterstof</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> een stijging van de bindingsenergie per <a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">nucleon</a> - zie bijgaande grafiek. Dit komt doordat de krachten in de atoomkern toenemen als er meer nucleonen zijn die elkaar aantrekken. </p><p>Bij grotere <a href="/wiki/Atoommassa" title="Atoommassa">atoommassa</a>'s zien we een plateau in de kromme van <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> tot aan <a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">ijzer</a>. In dit gebied is de atoomkern zo groot geworden dat de kernkrachten niet meer de volle omvang van de kern bestrijken. Aantrekkende sterke kernkrachten zijn bijna in evenwicht met afstotende elektromagnetische krachten tussen de <a href="/wiki/Proton_(deeltje)" title="Proton (deeltje)">protonen</a>. </p><p>Bij elementen zwaarder dan ijzer neemt de bindingsenergie per nucleon af: de afstoting tussen de vele protonen neemt toe en wint terrein op de aantrekkende <a href="/wiki/Sterke_kernkracht" title="Sterke kernkracht">sterke kernkracht</a>. </p><p>De top in de kromme voor de bindingsenergie per <a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">nucleon</a> ligt bij <a href="/wiki/Nikkel-62" title="Nikkel-62">nikkel-62</a>. Dit is dus de hechtste kern (per nucleon), gevolgd door <a href="/wiki/Ijzer-58" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijzer-58">ijzer-58</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ijzer-56" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijzer-56">ijzer-56</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit is een verklaring waarom ijzer en nikkel overheersen in planeetkernen, omdat deze metalen overvloedig worden geproduceerd in <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>-explosies en de eindfase van <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a>-<a href="/wiki/Fusie" title="Fusie">fusie</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sterevolutie" title="Sterevolutie">sterevolutie</a>. </p><p>Maar het gaat niet alleen om de bindingsenergie per nucleon die bepaalt welke kern precies gemaakt wordt. In sterren kunnen neutronen overgaan in protonen en zo nog meer energie vrijmaken, als het resultaat een stabiele kern is met een groter aandeel van protonen. Daarom heeft ijzer-56 de meeste bindingsenergie van alle combinaties van 56 nucleonen, vanwege zijn relatieve grote fractie protonen, ook al is er minder bindingsenergie per nucleon dan in nikkel-62, als deze berekend wordt door te vergelijken met samen 28 losse protonen en 34 losse neutronen. Er wordt wel beweerd dat fotodesintegratie van <sup>62</sup>Ni tot <sup>56</sup>Fe energetisch mogelijk is in een bijzondere hete sterkern, ten gevolge van <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8taverval" title="Bètaverval">bètaverval</a> van neutrons tot protonen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A = aantal nucleonen (protonen en neutronen) in de atoomkern, dus A = P + N (zie onder)</li> <li>MeV = mega<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">elektronvolt</a>, miljoen elektronvolt</li> <li>u = <a href="/wiki/Atomaire_massa-eenheid" title="Atomaire massa-eenheid">atomaire massa-eenheid</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sterkst gebonden atoomkernen </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nuclide" title="Nuclide">Nuclide</a></th> <th>Aantal <a href="/wiki/Proton_(deeltje)" title="Proton (deeltje)">protonen</a></th> <th>Aantal <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronen</a></th> <th>Massa overschot</th> <th>Totale massa</th> <th>Totale massa / A</th> <th>Totale bindingsenergie / A</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Massadefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Massadefect">Massadefect</a></th> <th>Bindingsenergie</th> <th>Bindingsenergie / A </th></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/IJzer-56" title="IJzer-56"><sup>56</sup>Fe</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>30</td> <td>−60,6054 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></td> <td>55,934937 <a href="/wiki/Atomaire_massa-eenheid" title="Atomaire massa-eenheid">u</a></td> <td>0,998 838 2 <a href="/wiki/Atomaire_massa-eenheid" title="Atomaire massa-eenheid">u</a></td> <td>9,1538 MeV</td> <td>0,528 479 u</td> <td>492,275 MeV</td> <td>8,7906 MeV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/IJzer-58" title="IJzer-58"><sup>58</sup>Fe</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>32</td> <td>−62,1534 MeV</td> <td>57,933 276 u</td> <td>0,998 849 6 u</td> <td>9,1432 MeV</td> <td>0,547 471 u</td> <td>509,966 MeV</td> <td>8,7925 MeV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikkel-60" title="Nikkel-60"><sup>60</sup>Ni</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>32</td> <td>−64,4721 MeV</td> <td>59,930 786 u</td> <td>0,998 846 4 u</td> <td>9,1462 MeV</td> <td>0,565 612 u</td> <td>526,864 MeV</td> <td>8,7811 MeV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikkel-62" title="Nikkel-62"><sup>62</sup>Ni</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>34</td> <td>−66,7461 MeV</td> <td>61,928 345 u</td> <td>0,998 844 3 u</td> <td>9,1481 MeV</td> <td>0,585 383 u</td> <td>545,281 MeV</td> <td>8,7948 MeV </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Enkele lichte atoomkernen </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nuclide" title="Nuclide">Nuclide</a></th> <th>Aantal <a href="/wiki/Proton_(deeltje)" title="Proton (deeltje)">protonen</a></th> <th>Aantal <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronen</a></th> <th>Massa overschot</th> <th>Totale massa</th> <th>Totale massa / A</th> <th>Totale bindingsenergie / A</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Massadefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Massadefect">Massadefect</a></th> <th>Bindingsenergie</th> <th>Bindingsenergie / A </th></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">n</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>8,0716 MeV</td> <td>1,008 665 u</td> <td>1,008 665 u</td> <td>0,0000 MeV</td> <td>0 u</td> <td>0 MeV</td> <td>0 MeV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Protium_(isotoop)" title="Protium (isotoop)"><sup>1</sup>H</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>7,2890 MeV</td> <td>1,007 825 u</td> <td>1,007 825 u</td> <td>0,7826 MeV</td> <td>0,000 000 014 6 u</td> <td>0,000 013 6 MeV</td> <td>13,6 eV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium"><sup>2</sup>H</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>13,135 72 MeV</td> <td>2,014 102 u</td> <td>1,007051 u</td> <td>1,50346 MeV</td> <td>0,002 388 u</td> <td>2,224 52 MeV</td> <td>1,112 26 MeV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium"><sup>3</sup>H</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>14,9498 MeV</td> <td>3,016 049 u</td> <td>1,005 350 u</td> <td>3,088 15 MeV</td> <td>0,009 105 8 u</td> <td>8,4820 MeV</td> <td>2,8273 MeV </td></tr> <tr style="white-space:nowrap"> <td><a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3"><sup>3</sup>He</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>14,9312 MeV</td> <td>3,016 029 u</td> <td>1,005 343 u</td> <td>3,094 33 MeV</td> <td>0,008 285 7 u</td> <td>7,7181 MeV</td> <td>2,5727 MeV </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindingsenergie&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massa-energierelatie#Het_massadefect_van_de_atoomkern" title="Massa-energierelatie">Massadefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindingsenthalpie" title="Bindingsenthalpie">Bindingsenthalpie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFewell1995"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fewell, M. P.</span> (1995). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995AmJPh..63..653F">The atomic nuclide with the highest mean binding energy</a></cite>. <i>American Journal of Physics</i> <b>63</b> (7): 653–658. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1119/1.17828">10.1119/1.17828</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M.P. 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