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Kink FM - Wikipedia

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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor het artikel over het huidige radiostation, zie <a href="/wiki/KINK_(radiozender)" title="KINK (radiozender)">KINK (radiozender)</a>.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Kink FM </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kink_FM_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kink_FM_logo.svg/200px-Kink_FM_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kink_FM_logo.svg/300px-Kink_FM_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kink_FM_logo.svg/400px-Kink_FM_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="176" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voormalige namen </th> <td colspan="2">RTL 4 Radio <br /><a href="/wiki/RTL_Radio" title="RTL Radio">RTL Radio</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Happy_RTL&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Happy RTL (de pagina bestaat niet)">Happy RTL</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Rock_Radio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Rock Radio (de pagina bestaat niet)">RTL Rock Radio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Lancering </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> <br />1 oktober 1995 als Kink FM </td></tr> <tr> <th>Einde </th> <td colspan="2">1 oktober 2011 als Kink FM </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Uitzendgebied </th></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinkfm.com">Website</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>&#160; <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> &#160; </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Media" title="Portaal:Media">Media</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kink FM</b> is een voormalig <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederlands</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiostation" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiostation">radiostation</a> dat voornamelijk <a href="/wiki/Alternatieve_rock" title="Alternatieve rock">alternatieve muziek</a> draaide. Het station bestond tussen 1995 en 2011. </p><p>Alle programma's werden gepresenteerd. Meer dan de helft van de <a href="/wiki/Playlist" class="mw-redirect" title="Playlist">playlist</a> bestond uit nieuwe muziek. Het station richtte zich met name op moderne rock en pop. Ook <a href="/wiki/Singer-songwriter" title="Singer-songwriter">singer-songwriter</a> en <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> werden uitgezonden. Kink FM was niet via de <a href="/wiki/FM-omroep" title="FM-omroep">ether</a> te beluisteren, maar wel via de kabel, satelliet en via het internet. </p><p>Op 1 februari 2019 keerde de zender terug onder de naam <a href="/wiki/KINK_(radiozender)" title="KINK (radiozender)">KINK</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontstaan">Ontstaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontstaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontstaan"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 1 mei 1991 startte <a href="/wiki/RTL_Radio" title="RTL Radio">RTL 4 Radio</a>, als non-stop kabel- en satellietradiostation. Eerst werden de uitzendingen vanuit Luxemburg verzorgd aangezien Nederlandse uitzendlicenties nog verboden waren. Op 1 mei 1992 werd dit station opgevolgd door RTL Radio met vooral (classic)hits. Omdat dit niet bij de luisteraars aansloeg, werden het format en de naam gewijzigd in RTL Rock Radio; weer wat later werd het Happy RTL (toen een Haagse FM-frequentie in 1993 gebruikt mocht worden) en daarna nogmaals RTL Rock Radio. Nadat ook deze etherfrequentie in 1994 ingeleverd diende te worden, leidde het classicrockstation een marginaal bestaan als kabelzender. Bij het samengaan van RTL en Veronica op 1 september 1995 in wat de Holland Media Groep zou gaan heten, werd dit station dan ook zonder spijt leeggeruimd. Bij nieuwe partner Veronica leefde namelijk de wens om een alternatief station te beginnen, opgezet door initiatiefnemers <a href="/wiki/Rob_Stenders" title="Rob Stenders">Rob Stenders</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Hoogesteijn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Hoogesteijn (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jan Hoogesteijn</a>. Rob Stenders, die een groot fan was van het Belgische <a href="/wiki/Studio_Brussel" title="Studio Brussel">Studio Brussel</a>, wilde Nederland een alternatief bieden. Dit werd Kink FM, waarvan de eerste uitzending begon op het RTL-kabelkanaal op 1 oktober 1995. </p><p>Al snel zakte het aantal luisteraars verder terug en wilden de Luxemburgers de zender hervormen. Ze haalden Amerikaanse onderzoekers naar Nederland, die onder meer adviseerden geen <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> en <a href="/wiki/Portishead_(band)" title="Portishead (band)">Portishead</a> meer te draaien<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 21 januari 2016 een bronvermelding gewenst.">&#91;bron?&#93;</span></a></sup> maar duidelijk het accent te leggen op <i>alternative</i>. Rob Stenders verliet vervolgens in april 1996 gedesillusioneerd de zender en keerde terug naar de publieke omroep (<a href="/wiki/VARA" title="VARA">VARA</a> en <a href="/wiki/NPO_3FM" title="NPO 3FM">Radio 3FM</a>). In de zomer van 1996 bleek de koerswijziging van Kink FM niet meteen vruchten af te werpen, waarop vrijwel alle dj's ontslagen werden en de zender grotendeels non-stop verderging. Op 2 december 1996 deed Holland Media Groep op initiatief van RTL het station van de hand aan <a href="/wiki/Vereniging_Veronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Vereniging Veronica">Vereniging Veronica</a>. Kink FM heeft vaak moeten vechten voor haar bestaan. </p><p>Kink FM was in vrijwel heel Nederland in FM stereo te beluisteren via de kabel, in heel <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a> via de satelliet, via diverse digitale kabelpakketten en in de rest van de wereld via internet. Ook stond de zender in de lijst radiostreams van <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>. In de zomer en herfst van 2007 werden er testuitzendingen gedaan met de digitale <a href="/wiki/FMeXtra" title="FMeXtra">FMeXtra</a>-techniek. Vanaf 2008 was Kink FM ook te ontvangen op veel mobiele telefoons. Van 2005 tot eind 2008 bood Kink FM alle uitzendingen aan als <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a>. </p><p>De zender heeft verschillende keren geprobeerd om in de <a href="/wiki/FM-omroep" title="FM-omroep">ether</a> te komen. In <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> trok eigenaar <a href="/wiki/Radio_Veronica_(Sky_Radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Veronica (Sky Radio)">Veronica</a> zich voor de verdeling van de etherfrequenties terug met Radio Veronica en Kink FM. De reden was dat het station niet rendabel zou zijn in de ether. In 2011 was er een nieuwe mogelijkheid, maar de eigenaar van Kink FM, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V-Ventures&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="V-Ventures (de pagina bestaat niet)">V-Ventures</a> (de investeringsmaatschappij van <a href="/wiki/Vereniging_Veronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Vereniging Veronica">Vereniging Veronica</a>), trok zich op 16 mei terug. Deze keer was de vraagprijs van de overheid voor het frequentiepakket (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavel_A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavel A7 (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kavel A7</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> te hoog.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opzet">Opzet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opzet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opzet"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De meeste <a href="/wiki/Diskjockey" title="Diskjockey">dj's</a> waren in betaalde dienst, slechts enkelen draaiden nog op vrijwillige basis. <a href="/wiki/Arjen_Grolleman" title="Arjen Grolleman">Arjen Grolleman</a> (Avondland, <a href="/wiki/X-Rated_(radioprogramma)" title="X-Rated (radioprogramma)">X-Rated</a>) gold jarenlang als het gezicht van de zender, totdat hij begin 2010 overleed. In de laatste periode van het radiostation waren onder meer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rusche" title="Bob Rusche">Bob Rusche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jantien_van_Tol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jantien van Tol (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jantien van Tol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martijn_Biemans" title="Martijn Biemans">Martijn Biemans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henk_Kanning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henk Kanning (de pagina bestaat niet)">Henk Kanning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metha_de_Vos" title="Metha de Vos">Metha de Vos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_van_der_Molen" title="Mark van der Molen">Mark van der Molen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_P%C3%A9rez" title="Ingrid Pérez">Ingrid Pérez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Douwe_Kroeske" title="Jan Douwe Kroeske">Jan Douwe Kroeske</a> (Twee Meter Sessies, 2 Meter Live, dat ook op het Belgische Studio Brussel werd uitgezonden), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nando_Kok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nando Kok (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nando Kok</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diederik_van_Zessen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diederik van Zessen (de pagina bestaat niet)">Diederik van Zessen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Verdonschot" title="Leon Verdonschot">Leon Verdonschot</a> (Oeverloos) en <a href="/wiki/Def_P." class="mw-redirect" title="Def P.">Def P.</a> (<i>Tegenwicht voor Evenwicht</i>) op de zender te horen. </p><p>Eerder werkten presentatoren als <a href="/wiki/Rob_Stenders" title="Rob Stenders">Rob Stenders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Siebelink" title="Fred Siebelink">Fred Siebelink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lagarde" title="Alfred Lagarde">Alfred Lagarde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Snijders" title="Arjan Snijders">Arjan Snijders</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basyl_de_Groot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Basyl de Groot (de pagina bestaat niet)">Basyl de Groot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_de_Lijser" title="Vincent de Lijser">Vincent de Lijser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Veenstra" title="Michiel Veenstra">Michiel Veenstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floortje_Dessing" title="Floortje Dessing">Floortje Dessing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_van_Rooij" title="Luc van Rooij">Luc van Rooij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Bisschop" title="Ron Bisschop">Ron Bisschop</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ton_Wibier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ton Wibier (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ton Wibier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karel_Oosterhuis" title="Karel Oosterhuis">Karel Oosterhuis</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskia_Videler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saskia Videler (de pagina bestaat niet)">Saskia Videler</a> voor Kink FM. </p><p>Kink FM zond dikwijls concertopnamen uit onder de noemer 'Kink in Concert'. Verder waren de Kink FM Headlines met daarbij een concertagenda op de zender te horen. Ook zond Kink FM live uit vanaf festivals als <a href="/wiki/Paaspop_(Schijndel)" title="Paaspop (Schijndel)">Paaspop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticket_for_Tibet" title="Ticket for Tibet">Ticket for Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crossing_Border" title="Crossing Border">Crossing Border</a> en The Music In My Head. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einde">Einde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Einde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Einde"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 29 juni 2011 maakte <a href="/w/index.php?title=V-Ventures&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="V-Ventures (de pagina bestaat niet)">V-Ventures</a> bekend geen mogelijkheden meer te zien om Kink FM winstgevend te exploiteren, nadat in dat jaar opnieuw geen bieding was gedaan op een etherfrequentie. Op 1 oktober, de dag dat Kink FM precies 16 jaar bestond, werd er definitief gestopt met de uitzendingen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Op 16 september organiseerde Kink FM voor haar luisteraars een afscheidsfeest in <a href="/wiki/Tivoli_(Utrecht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli (Utrecht)">Tivoli</a> in Utrecht.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Kink_40" title="Kink 40">Kink 40</a> van 16 september was de laatste hitlijst in verband met de stopzetting van Kink FM. Van 19 september tot en met 30 september 2011 zond Kink FM de <i><a href="/wiki/Kink_1600" title="Kink 1600">Kink 1600</a></i> uit, samengesteld door de luisteraars. Het programma X-rated, het oudste programma van Kink FM, is verhuisd naar de <a href="/wiki/Concertzender" title="Concertzender">Concertzender</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> en de internetstream is op 1 oktober 2011 om zes uur 's ochtends overgenomen door <a href="/wiki/Pinguin_Radio" title="Pinguin Radio">Pinguin Radio</a>, een initiatief van een aantal Kink FM-luisteraars en -deejay's. Op 3 oktober 2011 om drie uur 's middags werd het signaal van Kink FM, dat vanaf 1 oktober om half 1 's nachts slechts stilte was, definitief stopgezet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terugkeer">Terugkeer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Terugkeer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Terugkeer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/KINK_(radiozender)" title="KINK (radiozender)">KINK (radiozender)</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Op 1 februari 2019 keerde het in 2011 opgeheven radiostation Kink FM terug onder de naam <a href="/wiki/KINK_(radiozender)" title="KINK (radiozender)">KINK</a>, met <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Veenstra" title="Michiel Veenstra">Michiel Veenstra</a> als programmadirecteur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kink_FM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinkfm.com/">Officiële website</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2011-7602.html">https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2011-7602.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RadioFreak.nl" title="RadioFreak.nl">RadioFreak.nl</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150302102046/http://www.radiofreak.nl/nieuws/10523/Kink-FM-gaat-niet-bieden-op-FM-frequentie/">Kink FM gaat niet bieden op FM-frequentie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kink FM: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110702062413/http://www.kinkfm.com/Kink_houdt_op_met_bestaan_per_1_oktober_aanstaande.html">Kink houdt op met bestaan per 1 oktober aanstaande</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiofreak.nl/nieuws/10795/Kink-FM-viert-afscheidsfeestje-op-16-september-in-Utrecht/">Kink FM viert afscheidsfeestje op 16 september in Utrecht</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001221049/https://www.radiofreak.nl/nieuws/10795/Kink-FM-viert-afscheidsfeestje-op-16-september-in-Utrecht/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 oktober 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123032958/http://www.concertzender.nl/news/978/x-rated_van_kink_fm_naar_concertzender">X-Rated van Kink FM naar Concertzender</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Hits_in_de_Kink_40_en_Outlaw_41"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_hits_in_de_Kink_40_en_Outlaw_41" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie hits in de Kink 40 en Outlaw 41"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_hits_in_de_Kink_40_en_Outlaw_41" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_hits_in_de_Kink_40_en_Outlaw_41&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Hits_in_de_Kink_40_en_Outlaw_41" class="navigatie-titel">Hits in de <a href="/wiki/Kink_40" title="Kink 40">Kink 40</a> en <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_41" title="Outlaw 41">Outlaw 41</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="">nummer 0-hits in de <b>Outlaw 41</b> bij <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kink FM</a>:</td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_1994&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 1994 (de pagina bestaat niet)">1994</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_1995&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 1995 (de pagina bestaat niet)">1995</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_1996&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 1996 (de pagina bestaat niet)">1996</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_1997&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 1997 (de pagina bestaat niet)">1997</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_1998&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 1998 (de pagina bestaat niet)">1998</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_1999&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 1999 (de pagina bestaat niet)">1999</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2000&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2000 (de pagina bestaat niet)">2000</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2001 (de pagina bestaat niet)">2001</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2002&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2002 (de pagina bestaat niet)">2002</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2003&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2003 (de pagina bestaat niet)">2003</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2004" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2004">2004</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2005" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2005">2005</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2006" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2006">2006</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links">nummer 1-hits in de <b>Kink 40</b> bij <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kink FM</a>:</td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2006" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2006">2006</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2007" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2007">2007</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2008" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2008">2008</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2009" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2009">2009</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2010" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2010">2010</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_1-hits_in_de_Kink_40_in_2011" title="Lijst van nummer 1-hits in de Kink 40 in 2011">2011</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links">nummer 0-hits in de <b>Outlaw 41</b> bij <a href="/wiki/KINK_(platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="KINK (platform)">KINK</a>:</td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2019" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2019">2019</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2020" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2020">2020</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2021" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2021">2021</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_nummer_0-hits_in_de_Outlaw_41_in_2022" title="Lijst van nummer 0-hits in de Outlaw 41 in 2022">2022</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="RTL_Nederland"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:RTL_Nederland_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RTL_Nederland_2023.svg/80px-RTL_Nederland_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RTL_Nederland_2023.svg/120px-RTL_Nederland_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RTL_Nederland_2023.svg/160px-RTL_Nederland_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="30" /></a></span><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_RTL_Nederland" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie RTL Nederland"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_RTL_Nederland" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_RTL_Nederland&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="RTL_Nederland" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/RTL_(Nederland)" title="RTL (Nederland)">RTL Nederland</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Moederbedrijven:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL Group</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Televisiezenders:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><b>Lineair:</b> <a href="/wiki/RTL_4" title="RTL 4">RTL 4</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_5" title="RTL 5">RTL 5</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_7_(Nederland)" title="RTL 7 (Nederland)">RTL 7</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_8" title="RTL 8">RTL 8</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Z" title="RTL Z">RTL Z</a> <br /> <b>Digitaal:</b> <a href="/wiki/RTL_Crime" title="RTL Crime">RTL Crime</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Lounge" title="RTL Lounge">RTL Lounge</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Telekids" title="RTL Telekids">RTL Telekids</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Streamingdiensten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Videoland" title="Videoland">Videoland</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>RTL Nieuws BV:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Buienradar_(weerplatform)" title="Buienradar (weerplatform)">Buienradar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Editie_NL" title="Editie NL">Editie NL</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Nieuws" title="RTL Nieuws">RTL Nieuws</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Weer" title="RTL Weer">RTL Weer</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Z" title="RTL Z">RTL Z</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Overige onderdelen:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad_Alliance&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ad Alliance (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ad Alliance</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Thuis_%26_Uit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Thuis &amp; Uit (de pagina bestaat niet)">RTL Thuis &amp; Uit</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Ventures&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Ventures (de pagina bestaat niet)">RTL Ventures</a> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Voormalige onderdelen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/RTL_24" title="RTL 24">RTL 24</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Nederland_Broadcast_Operations" title="RTL Nederland Broadcast Operations">RTL Nederland Broadcast Operations</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_FM" title="RTL FM">RTL FM</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kink FM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Live_Entertainment&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Live Entertainment (de pagina bestaat niet)">RTL Live Entertainment</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_MCN&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL MCN (de pagina bestaat niet)">RTL MCN</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTL_Productions&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RTL Productions (de pagina bestaat niet)">RTL Productions</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_Radio" title="RTL Radio">RTL Radio</a> · <br /> <a href="/wiki/Radio_10_(Nederland)" title="Radio 10 (Nederland)">Radio 10 Gold</a> · <a href="/wiki/Radio_538" title="Radio 538">Radio 538</a> · <a href="/wiki/SLAM!_(radiozender)" title="SLAM! (radiozender)">SLAM!FM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Veronica_TV_(HMG)" title="Veronica TV (HMG)">Veronica</a> · <a href="/wiki/RTL_XL" title="RTL XL">RTL XL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yorin" title="Yorin">Yorin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yorin_FM" title="Yorin FM">Yorin FM</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kink_FM#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kink FM">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kink_FM#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kink FM">Kink FM</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6c476644db‐26xps Cached time: 20241112200018 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.174 seconds Real time usage: 0.276 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2009/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28409/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10250/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6767/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.006/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 638343/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 209.229 1 -total 45.80% 95.819 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_radiozender 44.01% 92.081 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_generiek 31.74% 66.409 1 Sjabloon:Wikidata_afbeelding 21.25% 44.456 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_hits_in_de_Kink_40_en_Outlaw_41 20.04% 41.922 2 Sjabloon:Navigatie 10.99% 22.996 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 9.68% 20.255 1 Sjabloon:References 9.66% 20.219 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat 9.40% 19.667 2 Sjabloon:Navigatie/Tabel --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:101718-0!canonical and timestamp 20241112200018 and revision id 68369811. 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