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Di pesantren itu ia memperoleh ijazah dari"> <section class="m-t-10"> <div class="container arsip"> <div class="content-710"> <div class="s-title"><h1>KH Bisri Syansuri Ulama Barisan Fiqih Indonesia</h1></div> <div class="s-info"> Rabu, 14 November 2018 12:45 <span class="right"><a href="/web/20190521203947/http://www.nu.or.id/post/13/tokoh/" class="cat"><i class=""></i> Tokoh</a></span> <p class="sosmed"> <strong>Bagikan </strong> <input type="hidden" name="realURL" id="realURL" value="http://www.nu.or.id/post/read/98901/kh-bisri-syansuri-ulama-barisan-fiqih-indonesia"/> <input type="hidden" name="shortURL" id="shortURL" value=""/> <input type="hidden" name="sosDesc" id="sosDesc" value="Di Tebuireng, Kiai Bisri belajar selama 6 tahun. Di pesantren itu ia memperoleh ijazah dari"/> <input type="hidden" name="sosName" id="sosName" value="KH Bisri Syansuri Ulama Barisan Fiqih Indonesia"/> <input type="hidden" name="sosPic" id="sosPic" value="http://www.nu.or.id/o-client/nu_or_id/pictures/post/mid/15421742825bebb64a67332.png"/> <input type="hidden" name="sosCap" id="sosCap" value=" "/> <a href="javascript:share_fb()" class="af-icon farounded fb"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> <a href="javascript:share_tw()" class="af-icon farounded tw"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> <a href="" class="af-icon farounded gp"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i></a> </p> </div> <div id="konten_detil" style="z-index:2;"> <div> <div class="s-foto" style="position: relative;"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521203947im_/http://www.nu.or.id/o-client/nu_or_id/pictures/post/big/15421742825bebb64a67332.png" alt="KH Bisri Syansuri Ulama Barisan Fiqih Indonesia" style="width:100%;"> </div> <div class="s-post"><div><div>KH Bisri Syansuri adalah salah seorang kiai pendiri NU yang dinilai menyelesaikan persoalan melalui pendekatan fiqih murni. Pandangan ini terkadang sering bertolak belakang dengan kiai pendiri NU yang lain, yaitu KH Abdul Wahab Hasbullah yang ahli di bidang ilmu ushul fiqih. Meski demikian, keduanya menyandarkan pendapat pada literatur keilmuan Islam yang luas, buah kaderisasi langsung dari Hadratussyekh KH Hasyim Asy’ari dan ulama-ulama pinilih lain.<br></div><div><br></div><div>KH Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) menyebutnya kakeknya itu sebagai kiai dalam barisan fiqih bersama teman-temannya yang lain, di antaranya Abdul Manaf dari Kediri, As’ad Syamsul Arifin dari Situbondo Ahmad Baidowi dari Banyumas, Abdul Karim dari Sedayu, Nahrawi dari Malang, Maksum Ali dari Pesantren Maskumambang di Sedayu dan lain-lain. Barisan peminat fiqih dan penganut hukum agama yang tangguh ini menjadi kiai-kiai pesantren yang sekarang ini merupakan pusat pendalaman ilmu-ilmu agama di pulau Jawa.</div><div><br></div><div>Menurut Gus Dur yang mengutip perkataan Kiai Syukri Ghozali, mereka adalah generasi terbaik yang langsung dididik oleh Kiai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari. </div><div><br></div><div>Kecenderungannya terhadap fiqih Kiai Bisri ini akan kelihatan menonjol dalam kehidupannya baik sebagai seorang kiai maupun ketika ia memimpin Nahdlatul Ulama.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Proses Belajar </span></div><div>Kiai Bisri dilahirkan di pada hari Rabu tanggal 28 Dzulhijjah tahun 1304 H atau 18 September 1886 di Tayu, Pati. Semasa kecil, Bisri belajar pada KH Abd Salam, seorang ahli dan hafal Al-Qur’an dan juga ahli dalam bidang fiqih. Atas bimbingannya ia belajar ilmu nahwu, saraf, fiqih, tasawuf, tafsir, hadits. Gurunya itu dikenal sebagai tokoh yang disiplin dalam menjalankan aturan-aturan agama. Watak ini menjadi salah satu kepribadian Bisri yang melekat di kemudian hari. </div><div><br></div><div>Sekitar usia 15 tahun, tiap bulan Ramadhan, Bisri mulai belajar ilmu agama di luar tanah kelahirannya, pada kedua tokoh agama yang terkenal pada waktu itu yaitu KH Kholil Kasingan Rembang dan KH Syu’aib Sarang Lasem. </div><div><br></div><div>Kemudian ia melanjutkan berguru kepada Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan. Di pesantren inilah ia kemudian bertemu dengan Abdul Wahab Hasbullah, seorang yang kemudian menjadi kawan dekatnya hingga akhir hayat di samping sebagai kakak iparnya. </div><div><br></div><div>Lalu Bisri berguru kepada Hadratussyekh KH Hasyim Asy’ari di Tebuireng. Di pesantren itu, ia belajar selama 6 tahun. Ia memperoleh ijazah dari gurunya untuk mengajarkan kitab-kitab agama yang terkenal dalam literatur lama mulai dari kitab fiqih<span style="font-style: italic;"> Al-Zubad</span> hingga ke kitab-kitab hadits seperti <span style="font-style: italic;">Bukhari</span> dan<span style="font-style: italic;"> Muslim.</span></div><div><br></div><div>Gus Dur menilai literatur keagamaan yang dikuasai Kiai Bisri terasa terlalu bersifat sepihak karena lebih ditekankan pada literatur fiqih yang lama, tapi penguasaan itu memiliki intensitas luar biasa sehingga secara keseluruhan membentuk sebuah kebulatan yang matang dalam kepribadiannya dan pandangan hidupnya.</div><div><br></div><div>Pada tahun 1912 sampai 1913 Kiai Bisri Syansuri berangkat melanjutkan pendidikan ke Mekah bersama Abdul Wahab Hasbullah. Di kota suci itu, mereka belajar kepada Syekh Muhammad Bakir Syekh Muhammad Said Yamani Syekh Ibrahim Madani, dan Syekh Al-Maliki. Juga kepada guru-guru Kiai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari, yaitu Kiai Haji Ahmad Khatib Padang dan Syekh Mahfudz Tremas. </div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mendirikan Pesantren Perempuan </span></div><div>Sepulang dari Mekkah, Kiai Bisri mendirikan pesantren di Denanyar, Jombang. Pada tahun 1919 KH Bisri Syansuri membuat percobaan yang sangat menarik yaitu dengan mendirikan kelas untuk santri perempuan di pesantrennya. Para santri putri itu adalah anak tetangga sekitar yang diajar di beranda belakang rumahnya. </div><div><br></div><div>Menurut Gus Dur, langkah Kiai Bisri tersebut terbilang aneh di mata ulama pesantren, namun itu tidak luput dari pengamatan gurunya yaitu Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari yang datang di kemudian hari melihat langsung perkembangan kelas perempuan tersebut.</div><div><br></div><div>Meskipun tidak mendapatkan izin khusus dari Kiai Hasyim, Kiai Bisri tetap melanjutkan kelas perempuan tersebut karena sang guru juga tidak memberikan larangan. Bagi Gus Dur, ini adalah hal yang menarik. Sebab, ketika sahabat-sahabat karibnya saat di Mekkah mendirikan cabang Sarekat Islam, Kiai Bisri tidak ikut karena dia menunggu izin dari Kiai Haji Hasyim Asy’ari. Namun ketika mendirikan kelas khusus perempuan dia tidak menunggu mendapatkannya. </div><div><br></div><div>Bagi Gus Dur ini adalah sebuah proses pematangan dalam fiqih Kiai Bisri yang di kemudian hari akan kelihatan, yang akan memantapkannya mengambil keputusan sendiri berdasarkan pemahaman fiqihnya juga tanpa harus kehilangan hormat kepada guru.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Memimpin NU dan Melawan RUU Perkawinan Orde Baru</span></div><div>Setelah Kiai Abdul Wahab Hasbullah wafat, Rais Aam NU berada di pundak KH Bisri Syansuri pada tahun 1972, era mulai menguatnya pemerintahan Orde Baru. Tantangan besar yang pertama adalah munculnya sebuah Rancangan Undang-Undang Perkawinan yang secara keseluruhan berwatak begitu jauh dari ketentuan-ketentuan hukum agama, sehingga tidak ada alternatif lain kecuali menolaknya. Sangat menarik untuk diikuti bahwa proses perundingan dalam upaya menyetujui RUU tersebut agar menjadi Undang-Undang (UU) berlangsung sangat alot dan ketat.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Sebagian besar peserta yang terlibat dalam proses perundingan tersebut berasal dari NU yang berhadapan dengan unsur dari Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (ABRI). Hal ini menunjukkan, begitu besarnya pengaruh para ulama di dalam dan di luar PPP pada saat itu.</div><div><br></div><div>“Para jenderal yang saat itu memiliki nama dan wewenang yang cukup besar, seperti Soemitro, Daryatmo dan Soedomo harus berhadapan dengan Kiai Bisri yang terkenal tidak mengenal kompromi dan penganut penerapan Masa Perjuangan dan Perpolitikan KH. Bisri Syansuri fiqih secara ketat,” demikian tulis H. Abd. Aziz Masyhuri, dalam bukunya Al-Magfurlah KH. Bisri Syansuri, Cita-cita dan Pengabdiannya.</div><div><br></div><div>Kemudian, Kiai Bisri bersama kiai-kiai NU lain membuat RUU tandingan, di dalam buku KH Abdus Salam menjelaskan RUU itu dengan mengutip Andrée Feillard, dalam bukunya “Nu Vis-à-vis Negara: Pencarian Isi, Bentuk dan Makna. </div><div><br></div><div>Isi RUU Alternatif rancangan para ulama yang dimotori KH Bisri Syansuri, yang meliputi pertama, Perkawinan bagi orang muslim harus dilakukan secara keagamaan dan tidak secara sipil (pasal 2: NU berhasil memenangkan pendapatnya); </div><div><br></div><div>Kedua, masa ‘iddah, saat istri mendapatkan nafkah setelah diceraikan harus diperpendek. Pemerintah mengusulkan satu tahun, sedangkan NU minta tiga bulan karena menuntut seorang dari Muslimat, suami berhak rujuk kembali kepada istri selama masa ‘iddah itu. Tidak ada perkecualian diberlakukan bagi wanita usia lanjut.</div><div><br></div><div>Ketiga, pernikahan setelah kehamilan di luar nikah tidak diizinkan. NU cukup berhasil dalam arti definisi anak yang sah adalah yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan.</div><div><br></div><div>Keempat, pertunangan dilarang karena “dapat mendorong ke arah perzinahan. NU berhasil, pasal 13 ini dihapus. </div><div><br></div><div>Kelima, Anak angkat tidak memiliki hak yang sama dengan anak kandung. Dalam hal ini NU berhasil; pasal 42 mengatakan bahwa anak yang sah adalah yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan. </div><div><br></div><div>Keenam, penghapusan sebuah pasal dari rancangan undang-undang yang diajukan yang menyatakan bahwa perbedaan agama bukan halangan bagi perkawinan. Pasal 11 ini dihilangkan dan tidak disinggung. </div><div><br></div><div>Ketujuh, batas usia yang diperkenankan untuk menikah ditetapkan adalah 16 tahun, bukan 18 tahun bagi wanita 19 tahun bagi pria dan bukan 21 tahun. Pada pasal 7 ini, NU berhasil.</div><div><br></div><div>Kedelapan, penghapusan pasal mengenai pembagian rata harta bersama antara wanita dan pria karena dalam Islam “hasil usaha masing-masing suami atau istri secara sendiri-sendiri menjadi milik masing-masing yang mengusahakannya”. Pada pasal ini, NU berhasil. </div><div><br></div><div>Kesembilan, NU menolak larangan perkawinan antara dua orang yang memiliki hubungan sebagai anak angkat dan orang tua angkat atau anak-anak dari orang tua angkat. Pasal ini disempurnakan menjadi hubungan sebagai anak angkat tidak dilarang, tetapi disinggung pula soal hubungan persusuan. </div><div><br></div><div>Kesepuluh, NU menolak larangan melangsungkan perkawinan lagi antara suami-istri yang telah bercerai. Dalam pasal 10 ini, NU berhasil. </div><div><br></div><div>Perlawanan NU dalam RUU Perkawinan di awal Orde Baru tersebut tidak terlepas dari Kiai Bisri Syansuri ahli fiqih yang telah matang, bersama kiai-kiai NU lain. <span style="font-weight: bold;">(Abdullah Alawi)</span></div></div><div><br></div></div> </div> </div> <p class="m-30"> <!--div class="block-headline m-b-10"><a href="http://www.kemenpora.go.id/" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.nu.or.id/o-client/nu_or_id/assets/images/banner/banner-menpora.png"></a></div!--> </p> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="s-terkait"> <div class="s-title"><h3>Baca Juga</h3></div> <div class="s-konten"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 bra"> <div class="pst"> <div class="foto"> <a href="/web/20190521203947/http://www.nu.or.id/post/read/98686/al-biruni-ilmuwan-muslim-penghitung-pertama-keliling-bumi"><img 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