CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius"/><meta name="X-UA-Compatible" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrom=1"/><meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no"/><title>Marcus Aurelius: Biography, Emperor of Rome, Meditations</title><meta name="title" content="Marcus Aurelius: Biography, Emperor of Rome, Meditations"/><meta name="description" content="As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits."/><meta name="keywords" content="Last Name: Aurelius, Death Year: 180, Birth Year: 121, Death Month/Day: March 17, Death Country: Austria, Death City: Vienna, First Name: Marcus, Industry/Interest Area: World Politics, Birth Month/Day: April 26, Death Month: 3, Nationality: Italian, Life Events/Experience: Was Adopted, Birth Country: Italy, Birth City: Rome, Industry/Interest Area: War and Militaries, Birth Month: 4, Astrological Sign: Taurus"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><link href="/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/favicon.3635572.ico" rel="icon"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Biography"/><meta name="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/Biography" property="article:publisher"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@biography"/><meta property="og:title" content="Marcus Aurelius - Meditations, Death & Facts"/><meta property="og:description" content="As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits."/><meta name="parsely-metadata" content="{"socialHeadline":"Marcus Aurelius - Meditations, Death & Facts"}"/><meta name="robots" content="noarchive,noai,noimageai,max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-video-preview:30"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Biography - Famous Political Figures" href="/rss/political-figures.xml"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Biography" href="/rss/all.xml"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.258xh&resize=1200:*"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="600"/><meta name="thumbnail" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=320:*"/><meta name="sailthru.image.full" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.258xh&resize=320:*"/><meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.258xh&resize=640:*"/><meta content="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius" property="og:url"/><meta name="auto-publish" content="never"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="article:opinion" property="article:opinion" content="false"/><meta content="Famous Political Figures" property="article:section"/><meta content="2023-08-09T15:47:00Z" property="article:modified_time"/><meta content="2023-08-09T15:47:00Z" property="article:published_time"/><meta name="sailthru.excerpt" content="(121-180)Who Was Marcus Aurelius?Marcus Aurelius was chosen by Emporer Hadrian to be his eventual successor. In 161, Aurelius took control of the Roman Empire along with his brother Verus. War and disease threatened Rome on all sides. Aurelius held his territory, but was weakened as a ruler after the death"/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="political-figures,Famous Political Figures,emperors,Emperors,Biography-US"/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2023-08-09 15:47:00"/><meta name="sailthru.socialtitle" content="Marcus Aurelius - Meditations, Death & Facts"/><meta name="sailthru.contenttype" content="standard-article"/><meta id="m1" name="m1" itemprop="cssSelector " content=".content-hed"/><meta id="m2" name="m2" itemprop="cssSelector" content=".content-dek p"/><link href="/" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification" itemref="m1 m2"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="43"/><script id="settings" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">window.__FRE={env:"production",ver:"0.11.569",cdn:true},window.__SITE={brand:"biography",domain:"https://www.biography.com",dk:"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmlvZ3JhcGh5LmNvb::Q==",force_www:true,id:"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce",locale:"en-us",locale_path:"",trailing_slash:false,assetPrefix:"/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm"},Object.defineProperties(window,{ADSFREE:{value:false,writable:!1},GDPR:{value:false,writable:!1}});</script><script id="device-detect" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">(()=>{const o="ontouchstart"in window||!!navigator.maxTouchPoints||window.location.search.includes("__touch"),t=window.matchMedia("only screen and (max-width: 767px)").matches,n=o&&t,i=o&&!t,e=[n?"mobile":"no-mobile",i?"tablet":"no-tablet",o?"touch":"no-touch"];window.touch=o,window.tablet=i,window.mobile=n,window.desktop=!(n||i),document.documentElement.classList.add(...e)})();</script><script id="journey-info" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">(()=>{if(window.JOURNEY_INFO)return;const e=new RegExp(["Publication-Access-for-Facebook","adwallet"].join("|"),"i").test(navigator.userAgent);window.JOURNEY_INFO={status:"pending",isBot:e};const i=Number.parseInt("null",10);Number.isNaN(i)||(window.JOURNEY_INFO.previewBlockerSlidePosition=i)})();</script><script id="lux" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">LUX=(function(){const a=(typeof(LUX)!=="undefined"&&typeof(LUX.gaMarks)!=="undefined"?LUX.gaMarks:[]);const d=(typeof(LUX)!=="undefined"&&typeof(LUX.gaMeasures)!=="undefined"?LUX.gaMeasures:[]);const j="LUX_start";const k=window.performance;let l=(typeof(LUX)!=="undefined"&&LUX.ns?LUX.ns:(Date.now?Date.now():+(new Date())));if(k&&k.timing&&k.timing.navigationStart){l=k.timing.navigationStart}function f(){if(k&&k.now){return k.now()}const o=Date.now?Date.now():+(new Date());return o-l}function b(n){if(k){if(k.mark){return k.mark(n)}if(k.webkitMark){return k.webkitMark(n)}}a.push({name:n,entryType:"mark",startTime:f(),duration:0});}function m(p,t,n){if(typeof(t)==="undefined"&&h(j)){t=j}if(k){if(k.measure){if(t){if(n){return k.measure(p,t,n)}return k.measure(p,t)}return k.measure(p)}if(k.webkitMeasure){return k.webkitMeasure(p,t,n)}}let r=0; let o=f();if(t){const s=h(t);if(s){r=s.startTime}else if(k&&k.timing&&k.timing[t]){r=k.timing[t]-k.timing.navigationStart}else{return}}if(n){const q=h(n);if(q){o=q.startTime}else if(k&&k.timing&&k.timing[n]){o=k.timing[n]-k.timing.navigationStart}else{return}}d.push({name:p,entryType:"measure",startTime:r,duration:(o-r)});}function h(n){return c(n,g())}function c(p,o){for(i=o.length-1;i>=0;i--){const n=o[i];if(p===n.name){return n}}return undefined}function g(){if(k){if(k.getEntriesByType){return k.getEntriesByType("mark")}if(k.webkitGetEntriesByType){return k.webkitGetEntriesByType("mark")}}return a}return{mark:b,measure:m,gaMarks:a,gaMeasures:d}})();LUX.ns=(Date.now?Date.now():+(new Date()));LUX.ac=[];LUX.cmd=function(a){LUX.ac.push(a)};LUX.init=function(){LUX.cmd(["init"])};LUX.send=function(){LUX.cmd(["send"])};LUX.addData=function(a,b){LUX.cmd(["addData",a,b])};LUX_ae=[];window.addEventListener("error",function(a){LUX_ae.push(a)});LUX_al=[];if(typeof(PerformanceObserver)==="function"&&typeof(PerformanceLongTaskTiming)==="function"){const LongTaskObserver=new PerformanceObserver(function(c){const b=c.getEntries();for(let a=0;a<b.length;a++){const d=b[a];LUX_al.push(d)}});try{LongTaskObserver.observe({type:["longtask"]})}catch(e){}};LUX.label = "standard-article";</script><noscript data-n-css></noscript><script defer noModule src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-42372ed130431b0a.js"></script><script id="onetrust-script" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" async fetchpriority="high" data-domain-script="651a82cd-9caa-41a8-bb3c-c2a80ef76a30" data-document-language="true" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script id="moapt-data-bundle" src="/_assets/moapt/2.260.0/moapt-data.js" async fetchpriority="high" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script id="moapt-bundle" src="/_assets/moapt/2.260.0/moapt-bundle-hdm.js" async fetchpriority="high" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/7141.52566618621708bc.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/8887.ba5024790dad77bc.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/59037.96e90cb014aeea22.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/58832.8dffadb3716f0a15.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/18852.7d314c0e302ba336.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/12637.89b1e7b4831d1402.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/17252.8548de7228efa7e4.js"></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/webpack-03afbc76e614e362.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/framework-2b2b58bbe4aef117.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/main-95534ba70d5b6b91.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-73f9df0aa4a29132.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/93584-503463645e1f4044.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/41952-04924a6f78d59366.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/14916-2ad89b9781e3c9b1.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/34377-6ee2f57addbe2e0c.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/76610-0a3d80e88584d96f.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/35711-e8d547ce219b519a.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/90685-88e6f63d6e2aea55.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/57490-28b535c4d3d842a6.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/56195-bace632a5ca272f9.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/26775-1a391eec7d2fcc33.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/95314-08e0c9b88bd2bdd2.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/23470-222fafe0fdbdd981.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/52865-dceb75784c542ee0.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/86909-9dafecfe035d561f.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/31958-0a675f1ec5bcf129.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/16800-70ace7890c7fd81a.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/73837-0aadf1ed9e25097d.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/33171-662d9b9f6d8b63d5.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/36050-db80d03c19def9cc.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/68630-d434ad2801edac1d.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/10944-e809dd3a3a7395d3.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/2358-00d466244e0f1dca.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/20098-5f7be4c697f76d50.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/88333-24dc2df25a33cbd4.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/50268-85a963f4a1a0b599.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/10266-dc6b7d72033ac7d0.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/16396-e6e0e5c0a3f4c8b8.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/66921-a1c1db968f87db53.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/21413-9bbace470a811967.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/94192-d7aca7b5100d26be.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/79229-f251f62b5e5add5e.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/pages/_templates/standard-article-fba5e37d728217ef.js" defer></script><link rel="preload" href="/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/fonts/GilroyBold_normal_normal.02461fe.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><style type="text/css" id="deferred-fonts" media="none">@font-face {font-family: 'Inter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/inter-v3-latin-regular.c8ad008.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Gilroy'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/fonts/GilroyExtraBold_normal_normal.375b5d3.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 800; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Ramillas'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/fonts/TTRamillasBlack_normal_normal.63c7dd0.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Charter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/e4fc2e26-0ce1-4e6c-bb35-330c133f041c.c08ce2c.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Charter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/74c2aebb-af4a-4c7d-a7f5-2db2c73334eb.c4cafa4.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Charter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/e38fddd1-89a4-4995-9f7f-3c701b2e62f1.dd7387f.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} </style><script id="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@type":"NewsArticle","thumbnailUrl":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","datePublished":"2014-04-02T09:13:54Z","headline":"Marcus Aurelius","articleBody":"(121-180)Who Was Marcus Aurelius?Marcus Aurelius was chosen by Emporer Hadrian to be his eventual successor. In 161, Aurelius took control of the Roman Empire along with his brother Verus. War and disease threatened Rome on all sides. Aurelius held his territory, but was weakened as a ruler after the death of his brother Verus. His son Commodus later became co-ruler in 177, only three years before Aurelius died on March 17, 180.Early LifeRoman emperor Marcus Aurelius was born on April 26, 121, in Rome, Italy. Known for his philosophical interests, Aurelius was one of the most respected emperors in Roman history. He was born into a wealthy and politically prominent family. Growing up, Aurelius was a dedicated student, learning Latin and Greek. But his greatest intellectual interest was Stoicism, a philosophy that emphasized fate, reason and self-restraint. Discourses, written by a former slave and Stoic philosopher Epictetus, had a great deal of influence over Marcus Aurelius. His serious and hard-working nature was even noticed by Emperor Hadrian.After his earlier choice for a successor died, Hadrian adopted Titus Aurelius Antoninus (who would be known as Emperor Pius Antonius) to succeed him as an emperor. Hadrian also arranged for Antoninus to adopt Marcus Aurelius and the son of his earlier successor. Around the age of 17, Marcus Aurelius became the son of Antoninus. He worked alongside his adopted father while learning the ways of government and public affairs.Entry into PoliticsIn 140, Aurelius became consul, or leader of the senate鈥攁 post he would hold two more times in his lifetime. As the years passed, he received more responsibilities and official powers, evolving into a strong source of support and counsel for Antoninus. Aurelius also continued his philosophical studies and developed an interest in law.Along with his burgeoning career, Aurelius seemed to have a contented personal life. He married Faustina, the emperor鈥檚 daughter, in 145. Together they had many children, though some did not live for long. Best known are their daughter Lucilla and their son Commodus.Becoming EmperorAfter his adoptive father died in 161, Aurelius rose to power and was officially then known as Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. While some sources indicate that Antoninus selected him as his only successor, Aurelius insisted that his adopted brother served as his co-ruler. His brother was Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus (usually referred to as Verus).Unlike the peaceful and prosperous rule of Antoninus, the joint reign of the two brothers was marked by war and disease. In the 160s, they battled with the Parthian empire for control over lands in the East. Verus oversaw the war effort while Aurelius stayed in Rome. Much of their success in this conflict has been attributed to the generals working under Verus, especially Avidius Cassius. He was later made governor of Syria. Returning soldiers brought some type of disease back with them to Rome, which lingered for years and wiped out a portion of the population.As the Parthian War ended, the two rulers had to face another military conflict with German tribes in the late 160s. German tribes crossed the Danube River and attacked a Roman city. After raising the necessary funds and troops, Aurelius and Verus went off to fight the invaders. Verus died in 169 so Aurelius pushed on alone, attempting to drive away the Germans.Challenges to His AuthorityIn 175, he faced another challenge鈥攖his time for his very position. After hearing a rumor about Aurelius being deathly ill, Avidius Cassius claimed the title of emperor for himself. This forced Aurelius to travel to the East to regain control. But he did not have to fight Cassius as he was murdered by his own soldiers. Instead, Aurelius toured eastern provinces with his wife, re-establishing his authority. Unfortunately, Faustina died during this trip.While once again battling the German tribes, Aurelius made his son Commodus his co-ruler in 177. Together they fought the northern enemies of the empire. Aurelius even hoped to extend the empire鈥檚 borders through this conflict, but Aurelius didn't live long enough to see this vision to completion.Marcus Aurelius died on March 17, 180. His son Commodus became emperor and soon ended the northern military efforts. Marcus Aurelius, however, is not best remembered for the wars he waged, but for his contemplative nature and his rule driven by reason. A collection of his thoughts have been published in a work called The Meditations. Based on his Stoic beliefs, the work is filled with his notes on life.QUICK FACTSName: Marcus AureliusBirth Year: 121Birth date: April 26, 121Birth City: RomeBirth Country: ItalyGender: MaleBest Known For: As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.IndustriesWorld PoliticsWar and MilitariesAstrological Sign: TaurusNacionalitiesItalianDeath Year: 180Death date: March 17, 180Death City: ViennaDeath Country: AustriaFact CheckWe strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!","wordCount":1249,"articleSection":"Famous Political Figures","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","height":1200,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=1200:*","width":1200},{"@type":"ImageObject","height":900,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1xw:0.75xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200},{"@type":"ImageObject","height":675,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5625xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200}],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius","@type":"WebPage"},"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Biography","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/biography","https://www.facebook.com/Biography","https://www.instagram.com/biography/"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo-jsonld.736cd17.png","width":312,"height":60},"parentOrganization":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Hearst Corporation"}},"keywords":["content-type: Profile","locale: US","displayType: standard article"],"url":"https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius","isBasedOn":"https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius","dateModified":"2023-08-09T15:47:00Z","description":"As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.","@context":"http://schema.org"}</script><style data-emotion="css-global ploijv">.embed{clear:both;}@media (min-width: 90rem){.embed:not(.align-center):not([data-embed]="body-image"){clear:none;}}</style><style data-emotion="css-global k5cj40">body{--nav-height:96px;--mobile-sticky-header-height:96px;}</style><style data-emotion="css-global y17bjk">html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}body{margin:0;}main{display:block;}h1{font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0;}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible;}pre{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em;}a{background-color:transparent;}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted;}b,strong{font-weight:bolder;}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em;}small{font-size:80%;}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}sub{bottom:-0.25em;}sup{top:-0.5em;}img{border-style:none;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;}button,input{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button,[type='button'],[type='reset'],[type='submit']{-webkit-appearance:button;}button::-moz-focus-inner,[type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,[type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,[type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0;}button:-moz-focusring,[type='button']:-moz-focusring,[type='reset']:-moz-focusring,[type='submit']:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText;}fieldset{padding:0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal;}progress{vertical-align:baseline;}textarea{overflow:auto;}[type='checkbox'],[type='radio']{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}[type='number']::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type='number']::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto;}[type='search']{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px;}[type='search']::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit;}details{display:block;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}template{display:none;}[hidden]{display:none;}*{box-sizing:border-box;}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){*{-webkit-animation-duration:0.01ms!important;animation-duration:0.01ms!important;-webkit-animation-iteration-count:1!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;transition-duration:0.01ms!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;}}html.no-scroll{overflow:hidden;}html.no-scroll body{overflow:scroll;}html.touch.no-scroll,html.touch body.no-scroll{overflow:hidden;}body{min-height:100vh;min-height:-webkit-fill-available;}a{color:inherit;}a:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted;outline-offset:0.313rem;}button{color:inherit;}img:-moz-loading{color:transparent;}.__resp-container{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.__resp-container:before{content:'';color:transparent;display:block;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:var(--aspect-ratio, 100%);}.__resp-container img:not(.video-items-box img):not(.filmstrip-image-wrapper img):not([data-dynamic-svg]):not(.video-player img),.__resp-container video{position:absolute;top:var(--top, 0);left:var(--left, 0);width:var(--width, 100%);min-width:var(--min-width, 100%);height:var(--height, auto);max-height:var(--max-height, 100%);object-fit:var(--object-fit, cover);}.__resp-container .video-player video{object-fit:contain;}.__resp-container .video-player{position:absolute;top:0;}.__resp-container.lqip img[importance=auto]{-webkit-transition:opacity 0.3s linear;transition:opacity 0.3s linear;opacity:0;}.__resp-container.lqip img[importance=auto].lazyloaded{opacity:1;}.screen-reader-only{position:absolute;left:-10000px,width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border-width:0;}.lqip{-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;-webkit-background-position:center;background-position:center;}@media print{.no-print{display:none!important;}}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 18rh8ew">@font-face{font-family:'Gilroy';src:url('/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/fonts/GilroyBold_normal_normal.02461fe.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:105.76%;ascent-override:89.45%;descent-override:24.87%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:106.07%;ascent-override:89.18%;descent-override:24.79%;}@font-face{font-family:"Inter-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:107.32%;ascent-override:90.27%;descent-override:22.50%;}@font-face{font-family:"Inter-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:107.64%;ascent-override:90.00%;descent-override:22.43%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:100.55%;ascent-override:94.98%;descent-override:26.85%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:93.17%;ascent-override:102.50%;descent-override:28.98%;}@font-face{font-family:"Ramillas-weightbold-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:109.54%;ascent-override:94.94%;descent-override:31.95%;}@font-face{font-family:"Ramillas-weightbold-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:110.60%;ascent-override:94.04%;descent-override:31.65%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-weight800-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:106.28%;ascent-override:89.85%;descent-override:25.40%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-weight800-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:106.60%;ascent-override:89.58%;descent-override:25.33%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-styleitalic-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:94.46%;ascent-override:103.74%;descent-override:30.13%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-styleitalic-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:95.37%;ascent-override:102.75%;descent-override:29.85%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-weightbold-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:105.20%;ascent-override:93.53%;descent-override:28.31%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-weightbold-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:106.21%;ascent-override:92.64%;descent-override:28.04%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:98.60%;ascent-override:99.39%;descent-override:28.87%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:99.55%;ascent-override:98.44%;descent-override:28.60%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-upcase-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:100.23%;ascent-override:94.38%;descent-override:26.24%;}@font-face{font-family:"Gilroy-upcase-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:92.87%;ascent-override:101.86%;descent-override:28.32%;}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 99heoz">[data-embed]:not(:defined){display:none;}[data-embed]:defined{display:-webkit-var(--data-embed-display, block);display:var(--data-embed-display, block);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1ezvwko 1kkonqv 13htjwu 1y3rz31 1nsrob6 1lgifh3 xwjhf9 1bz0sbn 1fqyieb 75z2gz pjjyzu bbrknr sfww4i gvs19i 1i49q4a 1reavtv 1blpyyf 40dj9l 9immum q5lz0j 0 1597st4 1cr3k5e gvpcz9 18dmdzi phb1gc 1cd8suq 1y3x20e rk6tbh 1h2y45c 15eyev 1cjybzt b0nc2u 1lr08az ig50jk 150rlm8 zxq36b 11l83ud 93j5lg huh8md 1sffik3 zndjyc xst9cf h18ss9 gzal4i 17mvcka 18jz25a k008qs 1q1kaac 1f8o566 sm2oir 96439d 1oxikel wgijip wuot6e 1tkmd1w 4oaay7 1nd4gv7 1aenskv 18pb4rg 1r2vahp i3xjyl 1dhrel9 es6uyf 14vh9p 1sowyjy 1wso6i7 16toot1 1lj71o0 1ui7hop guxj2g 1d3dqod 19szzr8 ovd4yx 157wciq g939jb izijhn 3612yo 1mzrkyb eg51ek bnk019 15qxeah 1l4ktgk chu8gj qflbjj mn2ao7 1k4oakh 19jtfnp ftsoqv 1dc3fjj 1d3d03u x6pey5 dn8zfu 1xweaqa om4gqg 1fdbuhl 1a4cqt8 h7nhlk txn3pl 1njatnj 1r9ia61 1ss7lvu iz4391 111owi6 6uae8g 70qvj9 n9en60 jmxdxt kzigki 1vc4yu1 15si9rg j307y1 i7117i lqx6q4 r7fsoq 5tjtfu 18syejm 1vz74g1 1wohilq 6bu6ey 1o9hvj">.css-1ezvwko{visibility:hidden;content-visibility:hidden;background-color:#F5F5F5;color:#000;width:20rem;max-width:20rem;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:scroll;position:fixed;top:0rem;z-index:8000000;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.2s linear;transition:transform 0.2s linear;-webkit-transform:translateX(-20rem);-moz-transform:translateX(-20rem);-ms-transform:translateX(-20rem);transform:translateX(-20rem);}.css-1ezvwko >div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.css-1ezvwko ~.sidepanelToggleable{-webkit-transform:initial;-moz-transform:initial;-ms-transform:initial;transform:initial;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.2s linear;transition:transform 0.2s linear;}.css-1ezvwko.open{-webkit-transform:translateX(0);-moz-transform:translateX(0);-ms-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0);visibility:visible;content-visibility:auto;}.css-1ezvwko.open ~.sidepanelToggleable{-webkit-transform:translateX(20rem);-moz-transform:translateX(20rem);-ms-transform:translateX(20rem);transform:translateX(20rem);}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-1ezvwko.open ~.sidepanelToggleable{-webkit-transform:translateX(7rem);-moz-transform:translateX(7rem);-ms-transform:translateX(7rem);transform:translateX(7rem);}}.css-1kkonqv{margin:1rem 1rem 0 1rem;padding:0 0.6rem;width:auto;height:2.1875rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin-right:6rem;}.css-1kkonqv svg{fill:#000000;}.css-13htjwu{width:1rem;height:1rem;}.css-1y3rz31{padding:1rem;color:#000000;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}.css-1nsrob6{background-color:#A00000;border:0;color:#ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;margin-top:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;right:1.0625rem;top:1rem;position:absolute;}.css-1nsrob6:hover{background-color:#525252;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;background:inherit;}.css-1nsrob6:disabled{background-color:#F3F4F6;color:#A3A3A3;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-1nsrob6{position:absolute;padding:0.6rem;border-radius:0;margin:0rem;background:inherit;right:1.0625rem;}.css-1nsrob6:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted;outline-offset:0.313rem;}.css-1lgifh3{width:1rem;height:1rem;fill:#000000;}.css-xwjhf9{margin:0.5rem 1rem 0.125rem;padding:0rem;opacity:35%;height:0.0625rem;border:0;width:auto;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;}.css-1bz0sbn{position:relative;list-style:none;margin:0rem;padding:0.6rem;-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}.css-1bz0sbn a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1fqyieb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s linear;transition:background-color 0.2s linear;padding:0 1rem;}.css-1fqyieb.has-submenu{position:relative;padding:0.5rem 1rem;color:#000000;-webkit-transition:padding 0.3s linear,background-color 0.2s linear;transition:padding 0.3s linear,background-color 0.2s linear;}.css-1fqyieb.has-submenu.submenu-open{padding:0.5rem 1rem 0;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;}.css-1fqyieb:focus{outline:0.0625rem solid black;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1fqyieb:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;}}.css-75z2gz{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;width:100%;height:2.875rem;color:#000000;-webkit-transition:color 0.2s linear;transition:color 0.2s linear;}.has-submenu .css-75z2gz{height:unset;display:inline;-webkit-align-items:unset;-webkit-box-align:unset;-ms-flex-align:unset;align-items:unset;padding:0.5rem 0;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-75z2gz:hover{color:side-panel-menu-link;}}.css-pjjyzu{position:absolute;right:1.4rem;top:1.2rem;border-color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:0 0.0625rem 0.0625rem 0;padding:0.2rem;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.25s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;background-color:transparent;color:#fff;}.submenu-open .css-pjjyzu{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);}.submenu-closed .css-pjjyzu{-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg);}.css-bbrknr{margin:0 auto;margin-left:1.1rem;}.css-bbrknr .e1f7ykkd1{border:0.0625rem solid #000000;}.css-sfww4i{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;height:3.125rem;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:1rem;}.css-gvs19i{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin-right:1rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.2 linear;transition:opacity 0.2 linear;}.css-gvs19i:last-of-type{margin-right:0rem;}.css-gvs19i:hover{color:activside-panel-sub-menu-hover;}.css-1i49q4a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;left:1rem;top:1rem;z-index:12000000;text-align:center;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-moz-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-ms-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:medium solid white;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #55adff;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;width:auto;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:bold;border-radius:1.875rem;}.css-1i49q4a:focus{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0%);-moz-transform:translateY(0%);-ms-transform:translateY(0%);transform:translateY(0%);}.css-1i49q4a:focus-visible{outline:none;}.css-1reavtv{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;left:1rem;top:1rem;z-index:12000000;text-align:center;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-moz-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-ms-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:medium solid white;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #55adff;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;width:auto;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:bold;border-radius:1.875rem;}.css-1reavtv:focus{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0%);-moz-transform:translateY(0%);-ms-transform:translateY(0%);transform:translateY(0%);}.css-1reavtv:focus-visible{outline:none;}.css-1blpyyf{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;z-index:6000000;top:var(--nav-offset, 0);background-color:#000000;color:#fff;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){.css-1blpyyf{height:96px;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1blpyyf{height:48px;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:var(--nav-offset, 0);}}@media print{.css-1blpyyf{display:none;}}.css-40dj9l{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto;max-width:75rem;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:100%;z-index:0;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-40dj9l{background:inherit;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-40dj9l{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}.css-9immum{background-color:inherit;border:none;color:#ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;margin-top:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;margin-left:0.9375rem;border-radius:0;line-height:0.7;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-9immum{padding:0.5rem 0.25rem 0.5rem 0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-9immum{padding:0.5rem 0.25rem 0.5rem 0;}.css-9immum svg{fill:#ffffff;-webkit-transition:fill 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:fill 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-9immum svg:hover{fill:#D4D4D4;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-9immum{margin-left:2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-9immum{padding:0.5rem 0.625rem 0.5rem 0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-9immum{margin-left:0rem;}}.css-9immum:hover{background-color:#525252;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;background:inherit;}.css-9immum:disabled{background-color:#F3F4F6;color:#A3A3A3;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-9immum:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted;outline-offset:0.313rem;}.css-9immum img{width:1.875rem;height:1.875rem;}.css-9immum svg{width:1.875rem;height:1.875rem;}.css-q5lz0j{line-height:1;margin-right:auto;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-q5lz0j{width:10rem;height:1.2rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-q5lz0j{width:13rem;height:1.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-q5lz0j{margin-right:0.3125rem;}}.css-1597st4{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;width:100%;border-top:thin solid #F5F5F5;border-bottom:thin solid #F5F5F5;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1597st4{border-top:0;border-bottom:0;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1597st4{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}.css-1597st4::-webkit-scrollbar{height:0rem;}.css-1cr3k5e{list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;margin:0rem;padding-left:1.125rem;-webkit-transform:translateX(undefinedpx);-moz-transform:translateX(undefinedpx);-ms-transform:translateX(undefinedpx);transform:translateX(undefinedpx);}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-1cr3k5e{padding-left:2.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1cr3k5e{padding-left:3.125rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1cr3k5e{padding-left:0rem;}}.css-gvpcz9{white-space:nowrap;padding:0 1.875rem 0 1.25rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.075rem;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-gvpcz9{padding:0 1.25rem 0 1.25rem;}}.css-18dmdzi{display:inline-block;min-height:3rem;min-width:3rem;padding:.5rem 0 .5rem 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;color:inherit;line-height:2.58918;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-18dmdzi{color:inherit;}}.css-18dmdzi:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-phb1gc{display:inline-block;min-height:3rem;min-width:3rem;padding:.5rem 0 .5rem 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;color:inherit;line-height:2.58918;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-phb1gc{color:inherit;}}.css-phb1gc:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-1cd8suq{z-index:6000000;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px));width:100%;}.css-1y3x20e{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:var(--nav-height, 0);z-index:6000000;}.css-rk6tbh{position:relative;background-color:bg-primary;}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-rk6tbh{margin-right:var(--sponsor-panel-width, auto);}}.css-1h2y45c{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0 auto;width:100%;border-top:thin solid #D4D4D4;border-bottom:thin solid #D4D4D4;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1h2y45c{overflow-x:scroll;overflow-y:hidden;white-space:nowrap;}}.css-15eyev{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:-webkit-fit-content;height:-moz-fit-content;height:fit-content;margin:auto;width:auto;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.075rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-15eyev a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:0.9375rem 1.2rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-15eyev a::after{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#D4D4D4;content:"|";display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;left:1rem;position:relative;}.css-15eyev nav:last-child>a:after{display:none;}.css-15eyev a:hover{color:#737373;}.css-1cjybzt{padding:0.9375rem 0;min-width:45.5rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;display:none;background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1cjybzt{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1cjybzt{min-height:121px;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1cjybzt{display:block;}}@media print{.css-1cjybzt{display:none!important;}}.css-b0nc2u{width:100%;max-width:100vw;display:grid;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;position:relative;z-index:auto;}@media print{.css-b0nc2u{max-width:100%;}}.css-1lr08az{grid-column:1/-1;text-align:center;}.css-ig50jk{padding:0 0.938rem;text-align:left;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 1rem;padding:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:40.25rem;padding:0 1rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0rem;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:40.25rem;padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:auto;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-ig50jk{text-align:start;}}.css-150rlm8{list-style:none;margin:0 auto;max-width:75rem;padding:1.25rem 1.25rem 0 1.6875rem;color:#525252;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-150rlm8{padding-left:0;}}@media(min-width: 30rem){.css-150rlm8{padding-left:0;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0 0;padding-left:0;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-150rlm8{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}.css-zxq36b{display:inline;}.css-zxq36b+li:before{padding:0.25rem;content:">";}.css-11l83ud{-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-11l83ud:hover{color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-93j5lg{-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-93j5lg:hover{color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-huh8md{display:none;}.css-huh8md+li:before{padding:0.25rem;content:">";}.css-1sffik3{grid-column:1/-1;font-weight:900;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;word-break:normal;margin-top:0.9375rem;color:#262626;font-family:Ramillas,Ramillas-weightbold-roboto,Ramillas-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1sffik3{word-break:break-word;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1sffik3{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1sffik3{font-size:2.1875rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1sffik3{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1sffik3{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:1.1;}}.css-zndjyc{margin-bottom:0.625rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:600;color:#525252;text-align:left;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-zndjyc{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-zndjyc{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}.css-zndjyc a{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;}.css-zndjyc a:hover{color:#A00000;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-xst9cf{grid-column:1/4;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.625rem;padding-right:0.3125rem;color:#262626;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;}.css-xst9cf span{display:inline-block;line-height:1.6;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}.css-h18ss9{font-style:normal;padding-right:0.3125rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;font-family:Ramillas,Ramillas-weightbold-roboto,Ramillas-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;color:#262626;font-weight:bold;text-transform:capitalize;}.css-gzal4i{display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase;margin-left:0;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;}.css-17mvcka{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;}.css-18jz25a{gap:5px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;margin-top:0.9375rem;}.css-k008qs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-1q1kaac{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;position:relative;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1q1kaac{max-width:calc(100vw - (1rem * 2));margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(-1 * 1rem);}}@media(min-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-1q1kaac{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc((100vw - (calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 2 * 1rem)) / -2);}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-1q1kaac{max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / -2) - 1rem);}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-1q1kaac{margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)) / 2);max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 + 1rem)) / -2) - calc(2 * 1rem));}body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-1q1kaac{min-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}.css-1f8o566{justify-self:center;position:relative;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1f8o566{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}}.css-sm2oir{height:auto;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-sm2oir{margin:auto calc(50% - 50vw);}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-sm2oir{margin:auto;}}.css-96439d{overflow-x:hidden;position:relative;height:auto;}.css-1oxikel{position:relative;width:100%;}.css-1oxikel img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;vertical-align:top;}.css-wgijip{line-height:1;margin-top:0.3125rem;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){.css-wgijip{padding-left:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-wgijip{padding-left:0;}}.css-wuot6e{padding-right:0.3125rem;color:#525252;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;}.css-1tkmd1w{padding:0 0.3rem;padding-right:0.3125rem;padding-left:0;color:#525252;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;}.css-4oaay7{position:relative;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.6;font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-4oaay7{padding-left:3.5rem;padding-right:3.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-4oaay7{max-width:45.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-4oaay7{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem) and (max-width: 100rem){.css-4oaay7{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-4oaay7{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}.css-4oaay7:after{clear:both;content:" ";display:block;font-size:0.7rem;line-height:1.5rem;height:0rem;visibility:hidden;}.css-4oaay7 em{font-style:italic;font-family:Charter,Charter-styleitalic-roboto,Charter-styleitalic-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}.css-4oaay7 strong{font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:bold;}.css-1nd4gv7{font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.6;font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}.css-1nd4gv7 em{font-style:italic;font-family:Charter,Charter-styleitalic-roboto,Charter-styleitalic-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}.css-1nd4gv7 strong{font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:bold;}.css-1aenskv{font-weight:800;margin-top:0.625rem;margin-bottom:0.625rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#262626;letter-spacing:0.0225rem;outline:none;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1aenskv{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1aenskv{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1aenskv{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.1;}}.css-1aenskv em,.css-1aenskv i{font-style:italic;font-family:inherit;}.css-1aenskv b,.css-1aenskv strong{font-family:inherit;font-weight:bold;}.css-18pb4rg{border:0;border-bottom:thin solid black;margin:1.875rem 0;clear:both;}.css-1r2vahp{margin:0.9375rem 0 0 0.625rem;padding:0 0 0 1.25rem;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.6;font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1r2vahp{margin:0.9375rem 0;}}.css-1r2vahp li{padding-bottom:0.625rem;}.css-1r2vahp em,.css-1r2vahp i{font-style:italic;font-family:inherit;}.css-1r2vahp b,.css-1r2vahp strong{font-family:inherit;font-weight:bold;}.css-1r2vahp em{font-style:italic;font-family:Charter,Charter-styleitalic-roboto,Charter-styleitalic-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}.css-1r2vahp strong{font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:bold;}.css-i3xjyl{text-align:left;padding:1.25rem;margin-top:1.875rem;margin-bottom:1.875rem;clear:both;border:thin solid #E5E5E5;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#262626;font-weight:600;border-color:#A00000;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-i3xjyl{font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.4;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-i3xjyl{font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.4;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-i3xjyl{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4;}}.css-i3xjyl em,.css-i3xjyl i{font-style:italic;font-family:inherit;}.css-i3xjyl b,.css-i3xjyl strong{font-family:inherit;font-weight:bold;}.css-1dhrel9{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;font-weight:bold;}.css-1dhrel9:hover{color:#525252;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-es6uyf{padding:0 0.938rem;margin-top:1.875rem;margin-bottom:1.875rem;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-es6uyf{padding:0 2.5rem;}}.css-14vh9p{text-align:center;margin:0 auto;max-width:60rem;}.css-1sowyjy{margin-bottom:1.25rem;}.css-1wso6i7{margin:1.25rem auto;font-weight:bold;display:block;background-color:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;padding:0.25rem 0.625rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;color:#A00000;letter-spacing:0.03rem;}.css-16toot1:after{background-color:#262626;color:#fff;margin-left:1.8rem;margin-top:1.25rem;width:1.5rem;height:0.063rem;content:'';display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-1lj71o0{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;margin:0rem;font-weight:900;min-height:auto;color:#262626;font-family:Ramillas,Ramillas-weightbold-roboto,Ramillas-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1lj71o0{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1lj71o0{font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1lj71o0{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-1ui7hop{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;--aspect-ratio:56.25%;}.css-guxj2g{width:100%;height:100%;}.css-guxj2g video{height:100%;width:100%;}.css-guxj2g .hpc-sticky video{position:relative;}.css-guxj2g .video-player-wrapper{background:#ffffff;}.css-guxj2g .video-player-wrapper:not(.hpc-sticky){position:absolute;top:0rem;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:2000000;}.css-guxj2g .video-player-wrapper.hpc-sticky{z-index:4000000;}.css-1d3dqod{height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:2000000;visibility:visible;overflow:hidden;}.css-19szzr8{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:1;stroke:#ffffff;cursor:pointer;height:3.75rem;width:3.75rem;border-radius:50%;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);color:#fff;border:.1875rem solid white;-webkit-transition:all 0.4s;transition:all 0.4s;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-19szzr8{height:5.625rem;width:5.625rem;border:.28125rem solid white;}}.e7hrar04:hover .css-19szzr8{background-color:rgba(33, 150, 245, 0.8);color:#ffffff;}.css-ovd4yx{vertical-align:middle;width:1.45rem;height:1.4rem;margin-right:0rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-ovd4yx{width:2.3125rem;height:3rem;margin-right:.25rem;}}.css-157wciq{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;cursor:pointer;}.css-g939jb{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;cursor:pointer;}.css-izijhn{margin:4rem 0.9375rem 1.4rem;clear:both;color:#000000;text-align:center;position:relative;margin-top:4rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;justify-content:start;padding-bottom:0rem;max-width:none;min-height:523px;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-izijhn{margin:4rem 2.5rem 1.4rem;min-height:138px;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-izijhn{margin:4rem auto 1.4rem;max-width:75rem;}}.css-izijhn.clearfix{clear:both;}.css-izijhn:after{content:"";border-bottom:thin solid #E5E5E5;margin:0rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;bottom:0rem;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-izijhn:after{width:-webkit-fill-available;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-izijhn:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0 0;position:static;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-izijhn:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0;}}.css-izijhn #gpt_lb_pf{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;margin:0 calc(50% - 50vw);}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-izijhn #gpt_lb_pf{position:relative;}}.css-3612yo{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:100%;line-height:2rem;text-transform:none;font-size:0.70028rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#262626;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-3612yo{margin:0 auto;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-3612yo{margin:0rem;}}.css-3612yo:after{margin:0 0 0 0.625rem;}.css-3612yo:before{margin:0 0.625rem 0 0;}.css-3612yo:before,.css-3612yo:after{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:inherit;content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;position:relative;top:1rem;}.css-3612yo a{color:inherit;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-3612yo a:hover{color:#A00000;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-1mzrkyb{margin:0rem;height:100%;min-height:none;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1mzrkyb{margin:0 auto;height:auto;min-height:90px;}}.css-eg51ek{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;margin:0rem;height:100%;min-height:none;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-eg51ek{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-eg51ek{margin:0 auto;height:auto;min-height:90px;}}.css-bnk019{overflow:hidden;max-width:75rem;margin:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;clear:both;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-bnk019{margin:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-bnk019{margin:0.9375rem auto 0;}}@media print{.css-bnk019{display:none;}}.css-15qxeah{--sticky-secondary-header-height:0px;margin:1.25rem auto 0;}@media print{.css-15qxeah{display:none;}}.css-1l4ktgk{padding:0 0.938rem 1.25rem 0.938rem;background-color:#F5F5F5;color:#000;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1l4ktgk{padding:0 2.5rem 1.875rem 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1l4ktgk{display:grid;grid-row-gap:1.25rem;grid-column-gap:1.25rem;grid-template-areas:"header header header" "content content ad";grid-template-rows:repeat(2, auto);grid-template-columns:auto auto auto;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1l4ktgk{margin:0 auto;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1l4ktgk{grid-column-gap:0rem;grid-template-areas:"lgut header header header rgut" "lgut content content ad rgut";grid-template-columns:1fr repeat(3, minmax(auto, 25rem)) 1fr;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1l4ktgk:not(:first-of-type){padding-top:0;grid-row-gap:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1l4ktgk:not(:first-of-type){padding-top:0;grid-row-gap:0.625rem;}}.css-chu8gj{position:relative;grid-area:header;contain:layout;}.css-qflbjj{margin:0rem;margin-top:1.25rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-align:center;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-qflbjj{font-size:3rem;line-height:1;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){.css-qflbjj{margin-bottom:1rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-qflbjj{font-size:3.25rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-qflbjj{font-size:4.375rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-qflbjj a,.css-qflbjj span{overflow:hidden;}.css-qflbjj a{color:link-block-header;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;z-index:0;}.css-qflbjj a:hover{color:link-hover-block-header;}.css-qflbjj span:before{z-index:-2000000;}.css-mn2ao7{contain:layout;display:grid;grid-area:content;grid-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-mn2ao7{grid-gap:1.8rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}}.css-1k4oakh{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1k4oakh h2 span{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-1k4oakh h2 span:hover{color:#A00000;}.css-19jtfnp{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-19jtfnp h2 span{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-19jtfnp h2 span:hover{color:#A00000;}.css-ftsoqv{display:block;margin-bottom:0.625rem;}.css-ftsoqv img{vertical-align:top;}.css-1dc3fjj{background-color:bg-block-content-four-across;}.css-1d3d03u{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Ramillas,Ramillas-weightbold-roboto,Ramillas-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:800;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1d3d03u{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1;}}.css-x6pey5{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#262626;text-transform:capitalize;word-break:break-word;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-x6pey5{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-x6pey5:hover{color:link-hover;}}.css-dn8zfu{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;text-align:center;width:calc(100% + (0.938rem * 2));margin-top:1.25rem;margin-bottom:0.875rem;margin-left:-0.938rem;min-height:523px;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-dn8zfu{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;justify-content:start;position:relative;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){.css-dn8zfu{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-dn8zfu{top:7rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-dn8zfu{width:calc(100% + (2.5rem * 2));margin-left:-2.5rem;min-height:138px;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-dn8zfu{top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));width:unset;margin:0rem;margin-left:0rem;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;-webkit-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;grid-area:ad;}}.css-dn8zfu:after{content:"";display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:static;margin:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-dn8zfu:after{position:absolute;bottom:0rem;width:-webkit-fill-available;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){.css-dn8zfu:after{border-bottom:thin solid #E5E5E5;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-dn8zfu:after{margin:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-dn8zfu:after{visibility:hidden;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-dn8zfu:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0;}}.css-1xweaqa{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;margin:0 0.938rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:none;font-size:0.70028rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#262626;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1xweaqa{margin:0 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-1xweaqa{margin:0rem;}}.css-1xweaqa:after{margin:0 0 0 0.625rem;}.css-1xweaqa:before{margin:0 0.625rem 0 0;}.css-1xweaqa:before,.css-1xweaqa:after{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:inherit;content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;position:relative;top:1rem;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1xweaqa,.css-1xweaqa:after,.css-1xweaqa:before{display:none;}}.css-1xweaqa a{color:inherit;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-1xweaqa a:hover{color:#A00000;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-om4gqg{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-om4gqg{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-om4gqg{left:unset;}}.css-1fdbuhl{padding:0 0.938rem 1.25rem 0.938rem;background-color:#F5F5F5;color:#000;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1fdbuhl{padding:0 2.5rem 1.875rem 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1fdbuhl{display:grid;grid-row-gap:1.25rem;grid-column-gap:1.25rem;grid-template-areas:"header" "content";grid-template-rows:repeat(2, auto);grid-template-columns:minmax(auto, 75rem);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1fdbuhl{margin:0 auto;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1fdbuhl{grid-column-gap:0rem;grid-template-areas:"lgut header rgut" "lgut content rgut";grid-template-columns:1fr minmax(auto, 75rem) 1fr;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1fdbuhl:not(:first-of-type){padding-top:0;grid-row-gap:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1fdbuhl:not(:first-of-type){padding-top:0;grid-row-gap:0.625rem;}}.css-1a4cqt8{contain:layout;display:grid;grid-area:content;grid-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1a4cqt8{grid-gap:1.8rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);}}.css-h7nhlk{margin:1.25rem 0;clear:both;color:#000000;text-align:center;position:static;margin-top:1.25rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;min-height:523px;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-h7nhlk{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;justify-content:start;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-h7nhlk{min-height:138px;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-h7nhlk{margin:1.25rem auto;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-h7nhlk{max-width:75rem;}}.css-h7nhlk.clearfix{clear:both;}.css-h7nhlk:after{content:"";border-bottom:thin solid #E5E5E5;margin:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-h7nhlk:after{position:absolute;bottom:0rem;width:-webkit-fill-available;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-h7nhlk:after{margin:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-h7nhlk:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0;}}.css-h7nhlk #gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;margin:0 calc(50% - 50vw);}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-h7nhlk #gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom{position:relative;}}.css-txn3pl{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;margin:0 0.938rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:none;font-size:0.70028rem;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;color:#262626;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-txn3pl{margin:0 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-txn3pl{margin:0rem;}}.css-txn3pl:after{margin:0 0 0 0.625rem;margin-right:0rem;}.css-txn3pl:before{margin:0 0.625rem 0 0;margin-left:0rem;}.css-txn3pl:before,.css-txn3pl:after{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:inherit;content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;position:relative;top:1rem;}.css-txn3pl a{color:inherit;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;}.css-txn3pl a:hover{color:#A00000;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-1njatnj{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;margin:0rem;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1njatnj{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1njatnj{margin:0 calc((100vw - 75rem) / -2);}}.css-1r9ia61{position:relative;padding-top:1.875rem;padding-bottom:1.875rem;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-roboto,Gilroy-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1r9ia61{margin-right:var(--sponsor-panel-width, auto);}}@media print{.css-1r9ia61{display:none;}}body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-1r9ia61{margin-top:25vh;top:-25vh;}@media(min-width: 64rem){body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-1r9ia61{margin-top:auto;top:auto;}}.css-1ss7lvu{padding:0 0.938rem;margin:0 auto;max-width:75rem;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1ss7lvu{padding:0 2.5rem;}}.css-iz4391{display:grid;grid-gap:0.5rem;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;line-height:1;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-iz4391{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;grid-gap:10%;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr;}}.css-111owi6{display:block;width:7.5rem;max-height:1.4375rem;}.css-6uae8g{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:grid;margin-left:-1.25rem;grid-auto-columns:minmax(3rem, 3rem);grid-auto-flow:column;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-6uae8g{margin-left:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-6uae8g{top:2.5rem;}}.css-70qvj9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-n9en60{padding:0.8125rem 1rem;}.css-jmxdxt{height:1.063rem;width:1.063rem;}.css-jmxdxt path{fill:#ffffff;}.css-kzigki{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);margin-top:0.5rem;margin-bottom:0.875rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-kzigki{grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);}}.css-1vc4yu1{padding:0.6rem 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1vc4yu1{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-1vc4yu1:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}}.css-15si9rg{max-width:12rem;padding-bottom:0.3125rem;}.css-j307y1{padding-top:0.9375rem;margin:0.3125rem 0;}.css-i7117i{padding-top:0.9375rem;margin:0.3125rem 0;line-height:1.4;}.css-i7117i span{display:block;margin-top:1rem;}.css-lqx6q4{padding-top:0.9375rem;line-height:2;}.css-r7fsoq{padding:0.625rem 0.625rem 0.625rem 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding-right:1.25rem;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-r7fsoq{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-r7fsoq:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}}.css-5tjtfu{display:inline-block;margin:1.875rem 0.9375rem 1.25rem 0;}.css-18syejm{display:inline-block;gap:0px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;border:thin solid white;padding:0.625rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.075rem;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-18syejm{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-18syejm{text-align:center;}}.css-18syejm:hover{background-color:#D4D4D4;color:#000;}.css-1vz74g1{display:inline-block;gap:0px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;border:thin solid white;padding:0.625rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.075rem;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1vz74g1{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1vz74g1{text-align:center;}}.css-1vz74g1:hover{background-color:#D4D4D4;color:#000;}.css-1wohilq{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;z-index:10000000;background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;text-align:center;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1wohilq{display:none;}}.css-6bu6ey{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;}.css-1o9hvj{visibility:hidden;position:absolute;right:0.625rem;bottom:auto;top:-0.7rem;padding:0rem;margin:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;z-index:2000000;box-sizing:content-box;width:1.4rem;height:1.4rem;border:2px solid white;border-radius:1em;color:#000000;text-overflow:clip;cursor:pointer;background-color:#000000;box-shadow:1px 1px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}.css-1o9hvj::before{display:inline-block;box-sizing:content-box;width:0.75rem;height:0.1rem;position:absolute;content:"";border:none;color:#000000;text-overflow:clip;background-color:#ffffff;text-shadow:none;inset:0;margin:auto;-webkit-transform:rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform:rotateZ(45deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(45deg);transform:rotateZ(45deg);}.css-1o9hvj::after{display:inline-block;box-sizing:content-box;width:0.75rem;height:0.1rem;position:absolute;content:"";border:none;color:#000000;text-overflow:clip;background-color:#ffffff;text-shadow:none;inset:0;margin:auto;-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotateZ(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-45deg);transform:rotateZ(-45deg);}</style></head><body><template id="page-settings" data-nav-height="96"></template><div id="__next"><section data-lazy-id="P0-3"><nav id="sidepanel" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" class="new-sidepanel-menu hidden css-1ezvwko e13srmb716"><div data-focus-lock-disabled="disabled"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/search" class="css-1kkonqv e1c1bym14"><img src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg" alt="Search" title="Search" width="16" height="16" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-13htjwu e13srmb70"/><span class="css-1y3rz31 e13srmb715">Search</span></a><button data-theme-key="button-primary" aria-label="Close Sidepanel" class="css-1nsrob6 e12nq69g1"><img src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/close.38e3324.svg" alt="Close" title="Close" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy" role="img" class="css-1lgifh3 e13srmb714"/></button><hr class="css-xwjhf9 e13srmb713"/><ul class="css-1bz0sbn e13srmb712"><li data-id="1" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/history-culture" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">History & Culture</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="history&culture" aria-label="History & Culture" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="2" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/musicians" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Musicians</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="musicians" aria-label="Musicians" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="3" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/movies-tv" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Movies & TV</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="movies&tv" aria-label="Movies & TV" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="4" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/athletes" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Athletes</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="athletes" aria-label="Athletes" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="5" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/artists" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Artists</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="artists" aria-label="Artists" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="6" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/political-figures" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Power & Politics</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="power&politics" aria-label="Power & Politics" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="7" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/business-leaders" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Business</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="business" aria-label="Business" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="8" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/scholars-educators" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Scholars & Educators</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="scholars&educators" aria-label="Scholars & Educators" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="9" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/scientists" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Scientists</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="scientists" aria-label="Scientists" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="10" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/activists" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Activists</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="activists" aria-label="Activists" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="11" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/crime" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Notorious Figures</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="notoriousfigures" aria-label="Notorious Figures" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="12" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/bio-buys" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">BIO Buys</a></li><li data-id="13" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/email/biography-newsletter" class="css-75z2gz e1c1bym14">Newsletter</a></li></ul><div class="css-bbrknr e13srmb74"></div><footer class="sidepanel-footer-container css-sfww4i e13srmb73"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice" class="css-gvs19i e1c1bym14">Privacy Notice</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-terms-of-use" class="css-gvs19i e1c1bym14">Terms Of Use</a></footer></div></nav></section><span tabindex="0"></span><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="#main-content" class="ez54tv90 css-1reavtv e1c1bym14">Skip to Content</a><nav data-tracking-id="topNav" class="css-1blpyyf e1rbq3om6"><div class="nav-bar-container css-40dj9l e1rbq3om5"><button data-theme-key="button-primary" aria-label="Sidepanel Button" title="Side Panel" class="css-9immum e12nq69g1"><svg data-dynamic-svg="true"><use href="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/menu.cf1782e.svg?embed#icon"></use></svg></button><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/" aria-label="Biography" class="nav-logo css-q5lz0j e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo.5ec9b18.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" fetchPriority="high" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="Logo" class="css-0 e1qdlatq0"/></a><div style="scrollbar-width:none;margin-right:0.5rem;" data-lazy-id="P0-4" class="css-1597st4 e1rbq3om2"><ul class="css-1cr3k5e e1rbq3om1"><li class="css-gvpcz9 e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/history-culture" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-phb1gc e1c1bym14">History & Culture</a></li><li class="css-gvpcz9 e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/musicians" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-phb1gc e1c1bym14">Musicians</a></li><li class="css-gvpcz9 e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/athletes" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-phb1gc e1c1bym14">Athletes</a></li><li class="css-gvpcz9 e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/movies-tv" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-phb1gc e1c1bym14">Movies & TV</a></li><li class="css-gvpcz9 e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/email/biography-newsletter" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-phb1gc e1c1bym14">Newsletter</a></li></ul></div></div></nav><div class="css-1cd8suq ex7z30p0"></div><div id="journey-topnav" class="css-1y3x20e ei7rc5z0"></div><div class="oop-ad css-0 e7hrg971"><div id="gpt-ad-oop-1" class="ad-container css-0 e7hrg970"></div></div><main id="main-content" class="css-rk6tbh ewq0ot90"><section data-lazy-id="P0-5"><div data-theme-key="skip-to-section-link-nav-container" class="no-print css-1h2y45c e1go836y1"><nav data-theme-key="skip-to-section-link-anchor" class="css-15eyev e1go836y0"><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.biography.com/musicians/a62114937/2024-cma-nominees-winners/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="2024 CMA Awards" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.biography.com/musicians/a62114937/2024-cma-nominees-winners/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">2024 CMA Awards</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.biography.com/musicians/a45268359/morgan-wallen/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Morgan Wallen" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.biography.com/musicians/a45268359/morgan-wallen/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Morgan Wallen</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.biography.com/musicians/a62952137/megan-moroney/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Megan Moroney" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.biography.com/musicians/a62952137/megan-moroney/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Megan Moroney</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.biography.com/musicians/george-strait" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="George Strait" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.biography.com/musicians/george-strait" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">George Strait</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.biography.com/scholars-educators/g62918890/famous-philosophers/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Famous Philosophers" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.biography.com/scholars-educators/g62918890/famous-philosophers/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Famous Philosophers</a></nav></nav></div></section><div id="gpt-leaderboard-ad" class="css-1cjybzt ewg5wdb1"></div><header class="css-b0nc2u e1f1sunr9"><section data-lazy-id="P0-6"><div class="css-1lr08az ejvijei0"><div class="css-ig50jk e1f1sunr2"><nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-lazy-parent="P0-6" class="css-0 e3morl63"><ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="css-150rlm8 e3morl62"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/political-figures" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Famous Political Figures" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures" class="e3morl60 css-93j5lg e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Famous Political Figures</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/emperors" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Emperors" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/emperors" class="e3morl60 css-93j5lg e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Emperors</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-huh8md e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/political-figures/marcus-aurelius" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Marcus Aurelius" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius" class="e3morl60 css-93j5lg e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Marcus Aurelius</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"/></li></ol></nav><h1 class="css-1sffik3 e1f1sunr8"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span>Marcus Aurelius<span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h1><div class="css-zndjyc e1f1sunr6"><p>As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.</p></div><div class="css-xst9cf e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-h18ss9 e1v8cotw2"><time class="css-gzal4i e1f1sunr4">Updated: Aug 09, 2023 11:47 AM EDT</time></address></div><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-header-actions css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-lead-image css-sm2oir e17huqc62"><div class="css-96439d e17huqc61"><picture class="css-1oxikel e1i0vlu30"><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?resize=1200:*" media="(min-width: 73.75rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?resize=1024:*" media="(min-width: 64rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:*" media="(min-width: 48rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" media="(max-width: 48rem)"/><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" alt="marcus aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius" width="1000" height="1000" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" sizes="100vw"/></picture></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image" class="css-wgijip e1g9hcy40"><span data-theme-key="photo-credit-creditor" class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v2">Photo: DEA/G. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini via Getty Images</span><span class="css-1tkmd1w e1geg53v0">//</span><span class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v1">Getty Images</span></figcaption></section></div></div><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-4oaay7 et2g3wt6"><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="0" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">(121-180)</p><h2 id="who-was-marcus-aurelius" data-node-id="1" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Who Was Marcus Aurelius?</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="2" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Marcus Aurelius was chosen by Emporer Hadrian to be his eventual successor. In 161, Aurelius took control of the Roman Empire along with his brother Verus. War and disease threatened Rome on all sides. Aurelius held his territory, but was weakened as a ruler after the death of his brother Verus. His son Commodus later became co-ruler in 177, only three years before Aurelius died on March 17, 180.</p><h2 id="early-life" data-node-id="3" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Early Life</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="4" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was born on April 26, 121, in Rome, Italy. Known for his philosophical interests, Aurelius was one of the most respected emperors in Roman history. He was born into a wealthy and politically prominent family. Growing up, Aurelius was a dedicated student, learning Latin and Greek. But his greatest intellectual interest was Stoicism, a philosophy that emphasized fate, reason and self-restraint. Discourses, written by a former slave and Stoic philosopher Epictetus, had a great deal of influence over Marcus Aurelius. His serious and hard-working nature was even noticed by Emperor Hadrian.</p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-8" data-node-id="5" class="embed"></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="6" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">After his earlier choice for a successor died, Hadrian adopted Titus Aurelius Antoninus (who would be known as Emperor Pius Antonius) to succeed him as an emperor. Hadrian also arranged for Antoninus to adopt Marcus Aurelius and the son of his earlier successor. Around the age of 17, Marcus Aurelius became the son of Antoninus. He worked alongside his adopted father while learning the ways of government and public affairs.</p><h2 id="entry-into-politics" data-node-id="7" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Entry into Politics</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="8" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">In 140, Aurelius became consul, or leader of the senate鈥攁 post he would hold two more times in his lifetime. As the years passed, he received more responsibilities and official powers, evolving into a strong source of support and counsel for Antoninus. Aurelius also continued his philosophical studies and developed an interest in law.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="9" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Along with his burgeoning career, Aurelius seemed to have a contented personal life. He married Faustina, the emperor鈥檚 daughter, in 145. Together they had many children, though some did not live for long. Best known are their daughter Lucilla and their son Commodus.</p><h2 id="becoming-emperor" data-node-id="10" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Becoming Emperor</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="11" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">After his adoptive father died in 161, Aurelius rose to power and was officially then known as Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. While some sources indicate that Antoninus selected him as his only successor, Aurelius insisted that his adopted brother served as his co-ruler. His brother was Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus (usually referred to as Verus).</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="12" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Unlike the peaceful and prosperous rule of Antoninus, the joint reign of the two brothers was marked by war and disease. In the 160s, they battled with the Parthian empire for control over lands in the East. Verus oversaw the war effort while Aurelius stayed in Rome. Much of their success in this conflict has been attributed to the generals working under Verus, especially Avidius Cassius. He was later made governor of Syria. Returning soldiers brought some type of disease back with them to Rome, which lingered for years and wiped out a portion of the population.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="13" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">As the Parthian War ended, the two rulers had to face another military conflict with German tribes in the late 160s. German tribes crossed the Danube River and attacked a Roman city. After raising the necessary funds and troops, Aurelius and Verus went off to fight the invaders. Verus died in 169 so Aurelius pushed on alone, attempting to drive away the Germans.</p><h2 id="challenges-to-his-authority" data-node-id="14" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Challenges to His Authority</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="15" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">In 175, he faced another challenge鈥攖his time for his very position. After hearing a rumor about Aurelius being deathly ill, Avidius Cassius claimed the title of emperor for himself. This forced Aurelius to travel to the East to regain control. But he did not have to fight Cassius as he was murdered by his own soldiers. Instead, Aurelius toured eastern provinces with his wife, re-establishing his authority. Unfortunately, Faustina died during this trip.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="16" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">While once again battling the German tribes, Aurelius made his son Commodus his co-ruler in 177. Together they fought the northern enemies of the empire. Aurelius even hoped to extend the empire鈥檚 borders through this conflict, but Aurelius didn't live long enough to see this vision to completion.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="17" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Marcus Aurelius died on March 17, 180. His son Commodus became emperor and soon ended the northern military efforts. Marcus Aurelius, however, is not best remembered for the wars he waged, but for his contemplative nature and his rule driven by reason. A collection of his thoughts have been published in a work called <em>The Meditations</em>. Based on his Stoic beliefs, the work is filled with his notes on life.</p><figure data-redactor-type="line" tabindex="-1" data-node-id="18" class="redactor-component"><hr class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/></figure><h1 data-node-id="19">QUICK FACTS</h1><ul data-node-id="20" class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>Name: Marcus Aurelius</li><li>Birth Year: 121</li><li>Birth date: April 26, 121</li><li>Birth City: Rome</li><li>Birth Country: Italy</li><li>Gender: Male</li><li>Best Known For: As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.</li><li>Industries</li><ul class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>World Politics</li><li>War and Militaries</li></ul><li>Astrological Sign: Taurus</li><li>Nacionalities</li><ul class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>Italian</li></ul><li>Death Year: 180</li><li>Death date: March 17, 180</li><li>Death City: Vienna</li><li>Death Country: Austria</li></ul><h1 data-node-id="21">Fact Check</h1><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="22" class="body-tip css-i3xjyl emevuu60">We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, <a href="https://www.biography.com/contact-us" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/contact-us" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="contact us" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">contact us</a>!<br/></p></div></div></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-9"><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-es6uyf e1a8voem5"><div data-journey-blur="partial" class="css-14vh9p e1a8voem4"><div class="css-1sowyjy e1a8voem3"><h6 class="css-1wso6i7 e1a8voem2"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e1a8voem1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-16toot1 eagam8p1"></span></h6><h6 class="css-1lj71o0 e1a8voem0">聽</h6></div><div class="__resp-container css-1ui7hop e6inl0f0"><div data-position="13" data-dock="false" data-disable-ads="false" data-muted="true" data-sticky="true" data-mobile-controls-on-desktop="false" class="video-player css-guxj2g e1hzgkwu0"><div class="video-player-wrapper"><video playsinline></video></div><div class="css-1d3dqod e7hrar04"><button data-theme-key="video-play-icon-button" aria-label="Play Video" class="css-19szzr8 e7hrar00"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="24" width="24" alt="Play Icon" role="img" title="Play" class="css-ovd4yx e7hrar01"/></button><img alt="preview for Biography Political Figures" title="Video player poster image" loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1000" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=1200:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=1200:*" class="e7hrar03 css-g939jb e193vzwj0"/></div></div></div></div></div></section><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-izijhn e1spmc110"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-3612yo e1caqep90">Advertisement - Continue Reading Below</div><div id="article-marketplace-horizontal" class="e164mmay0 css-eg51ek ewg5wdb1"></div></div><div id="module-recommended" data-journey-hide="true" class="recommended-module css-bnk019 epwqfrm0"></div><div data-block="transporter" data-journey-hide="true" data-lazy-id="P0-10" class="css-15qxeah e9dgbgx0"><section class="css-1l4ktgk ezpcz1b0"><div data-theme-key="block-header" class="css-chu8gj eqz7u0o2"><h2 data-theme-key="block-heading" class="css-qflbjj eqz7u0o1"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/emperors" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Emperors</a><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h2></div><div data-theme-key="four-across-layout" class="css-mn2ao7 ezpcz1b1"><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/mark-antony" label data-vars-cta="Emperors" data-vars-ga-position="1" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Mark Antony" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/mark-antony" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-antonius-9186692-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Mark Antony" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Mark Antony</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/julius-caesar" label data-vars-cta="Emperors" data-vars-ga-position="2" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Julius Caesar" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/julius-caesar" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/circa-50-bc-julius-caesar-as-dictator-of-rome-wearing-a-news-photo-1678896712.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.783xh;0,0.0355xh&resize=360:*" alt="illustration of julius caesar holding a scroll and wearing a toga and leaf crown" title="Julius Caesar" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Julius Caesar</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/napoleon" label data-vars-cta="Emperors" data-vars-ga-position="3" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/napoleon" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-544266826.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*" alt="painting of napoleon bonaparte in a military uniform" title="Napoleon Bonaparte portrait, 1812" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Napoleon Bonaparte</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/royalty/queen-elizabeth-ii" label data-vars-cta="Emperors" data-vars-ga-position="4" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Queen Elizabeth II" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/royalty/queen-elizabeth-ii" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1188052265.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*" alt="queen elizabeth ii smiles and looks right of the camera, she wears a white beaded gown and a blue sash with two pendants as well as a diamond and emerald crown and matching necklace" title="Queen Elizabeth II in December 2019" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Queen Elizabeth II</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a></div><div class="css-dn8zfu e19qkiag2"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-1xweaqa e1caqep90">Advertisement - Continue Reading Below</div><div id="gpt-ad-vertical-bottom" class="ad-container css-om4gqg ewg5wdb1"></div></div></section><section class="css-1fdbuhl ezpcz1b0"><div data-theme-key="four-across-layout" class="css-1a4cqt8 ezpcz1b1"><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/religious-figures/pontius-pilate" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 0" data-vars-ga-position="1" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Pontius Pilate" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/religious-figures/pontius-pilate" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1206218936.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Pontius Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Pontius Pilate</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/royalty/maria-theresa" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 1" data-vars-ga-position="2" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Maria Theresa" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/royalty/maria-theresa" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-164085816.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Empress Maria Theresa of Austria" title="Empress Maria Theresa of Austria" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Maria Theresa</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/alexander-the-great" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 2" data-vars-ga-position="3" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Alexander the Great" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/alexander-the-great" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-463906803sq.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*" alt="alexander the great sculpture" title="Alexander the Great" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Alexander the Great</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/menelik-ii" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 3" data-vars-ga-position="4" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Menelik II" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/menelik-ii" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1277805724.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Menelik II" title="Menelik II" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Menelik II</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a></div></section><section class="css-1fdbuhl ezpcz1b0"><div data-theme-key="four-across-layout" class="css-1a4cqt8 ezpcz1b1"><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/royalty/nicholas-ii" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 0" data-vars-ga-position="1" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Nicholas II" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/royalty/nicholas-ii" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-115102009.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*" alt="nicholas ii" title="Nicholas II" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Nicholas II</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/hirohito" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 1" data-vars-ga-position="2" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Hirohito" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/hirohito" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-514975318.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Hirohito" title="Hirohito" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Hirohito</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/kaiser-wilhelm" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 2" data-vars-ga-position="3" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Kaiser Wilhelm" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kaiser-wilhelm" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-537171807-copy.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Kaiser Wilhelm II" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Kaiser Wilhelm</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" href="/political-figures/kublai-khan" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 3" data-vars-ga-position="4" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Kublai Khan" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kublai-khan" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" class="ee4ms352 css-19jtfnp e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-599955471-copy.jpg?crop=1xw:0.9997702205882353xh;center,top&resize=360:*" alt="Kublai Khan" title="Kublai Khan" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-1dc3fjj ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1d3d03u e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-x6pey5 e10ip9lg5">Kublai Khan</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a></div></section><div data-journey-unblur="true" class="gpt-breaker-container breaker-ad css-h7nhlk e1spmc110"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-txn3pl e1caqep90">Advertisement - Continue Reading Below</div><div id="gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom" class="ad-container css-1njatnj ewg5wdb1"></div></div></div></main><footer data-lazy-id="P0-11" class="footer css-1r9ia61 eqtscwt0"><div class="css-1ss7lvu eluqz9n10"><div class="css-iz4391 eluqz9n9"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/" aria-label="Biography" class="css-111owi6 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo.5ec9b18.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="Logo" class="css-0 e1qdlatq0"/></a><div class="css-6uae8g eznjit40"><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://twitter.com/biography" aria-label="x" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/x.3361b6d.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="x" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Biography" aria-label="facebook" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/facebook.a5a3a69.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="facebook" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/biography/" aria-label="instagram" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/instagram.f282b14.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="instagram" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div></div></div><nav data-track-type="footer-menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer" class="css-kzigki eluqz9n8"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a43602329/about-us" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">About Biography.com</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/email/biography-newsletter" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Newsletter</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a42731733/contact-us" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Contact Us</a><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="http://subscribe.hearstmags.com/circulation/shared/index.html" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Other Hearst Subscriptions</a></nav><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/network-logo.04aa008.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="41" width="192" alt="A Part of Hearst Digital Media" class="css-15si9rg eluqz9n7"/><p class="css-j307y1 eluqz9n6">A Part of Hearst Digital Media</p><p class="css-i7117i eluqz9n5">We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back.</p><p class="css-j307y1 eluqz9n3">漏2024 Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networks庐protected in the US and other countries around the globe.</p><div data-track-type="legal-footer-menu" class="css-lqx6q4 eluqz9n2"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Privacy Notice</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-terms-of-use" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Terms of Use</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">CA Notice at Collection</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_OPT_OUTS" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">DAA Industry Opt Out</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Your CA Privacy Rights/Shine the Light</a></div><div class="css-5tjtfu eluqz9n1"></div><div class="css-0 eluqz9n0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="#" title="Cookies Choices" data-track-type="cookie-choices" class="ot-sdk-show-settings e1f7ykkd1 css-1vz74g1 e1c1bym14">Cookies Choices</a></div></div></footer><div class="mobile-adhesion-unit open css-1wohilq e1kh6tol1"><div id="adAdhesion" class="css-6bu6ey ewg5wdb0"></div><div aria-label="Close" class="mobile-adhesion-unit-close-button css-1o9hvj e1kh6tol0"></div></div></div><div id="modal-root"></div><script id="HRST">window.HRST=JSON.parse("{\"datalayer\":{\"embeddedMedia\":{\"content_attribute\":{\"Top_Touts\":{\"0\":\"2024 CMA Awards -> //www.biography.com/musicians/a62114937/2024-cma-nominees-winners/\",\"1\":\"Morgan Wallen -> //www.biography.com/musicians/a45268359/morgan-wallen/\",\"2\":\"Megan Moroney -> //www.biography.com/musicians/a62952137/megan-moroney/\",\"3\":\"George Strait -> //www.biography.com/musicians/george-strait\",\"4\":\"Famous Philosophers -> //www.biography.com/scholars-educators/g62918890/famous-philosophers/\"},\"bullets\":3}},\"contentPublishDate\":1396430034,\"contentSource\":\"Biography\"},\"article\":{\"adCategory\":{\"name\":\"News & Politics\",\"prefix\":\"news_politics\"},\"collection\":[{\"url\":\"emperors\",\"id\":\"7e87fbcb-5500-45fd-aa91-82d18bdcdd19\",\"name\":\"Emperors\"}],\"sourceName\":\"Hearst Editorial\",\"title\":\"Marcus Aurelius\",\"themes\":[],\"type\":\"Profile\",\"wordCount\":1249,\"tags\":[\"Last Name: Aurelius\",\"Death Year: 180\",\"Birth Year: 121\",\"Death Month/Day: March 17\",\"Death Country: Austria\",\"Death City: Vienna\",\"First Name: Marcus\",\"Industry/Interest Area: World Politics\",\"Birth Month/Day: April 26\",\"Death Month: 3\",\"Nationality: Italian\",\"Life Events/Experience: Was Adopted\",\"Birth Country: Italy\",\"Birth City: Rome\",\"Industry/Interest Area: War and Militaries\",\"Birth Month: 4\",\"Astrological Sign: Taurus\"],\"contextualTags\":{\"grapeshot\":[\"gs_predicts_sbsw_event\",\"neg_ha_set_060322\",\"neg_mobkoi_gemfield\",\"neg_apple_brand_safety\",\"neg_lillmasterbrand\",\"gs_predicts_singlesday_travel\",\"neg_ha_honda-acura_jan24\",\"response_check\",\"intl_neg_tiffanyandco\",\"intl_neg_tudor_5\",\"neg_custom_velo\",\"neg_ha_toyota-tda_jan23\",\"gs_predicts_youngwomensinterest\",\"gs_predicts_millennialmoms\",\"neg_ha_mazda_jan23\",\"gs_predicts_pharma_compassion\",\"neg_meta_quest\",\"gs_predicts_quitsmoking\",\"neg_brand_safety_master\",\"neg_mobkoi_brand_safety\",\"gt_mixed\",\"gs_predicts_spring_break\",\"gb_safe_from_high\",\"neg_ha_jlr_jul22\",\"neg_ha_honda_oct22\",\"gs_politics_issues_policy\",\"intl_neg_tudor_6\",\"gs_predicts_hockey\",\"neg_ha_cap_one_jun21_1\",\"neg_verzenio1\",\"neg_waitrose_brand_safety\",\"neg_accenture\",\"intl_neg_tudor_4\",\"gs_predicts_parentsofyoungkids\",\"neg_amazon\",\"neg_cokemagic1\",\"gt_negative_anger\",\"gl_english\",\"diegeo_2023\",\"gv_military\",\"neg_wacoal\",\"gb_death_injury_high_med_low\",\"gs_predicts_coldfluseason\",\"neg_apple_brand_safety24\",\"neg_marriott\",\"gs_predicts_veteransservice\",\"intl_neg_tudor_9\",\"gs_predicts_backtoschool\",\"neg_diageo_nest_segment_2\",\"gv_death_injury\",\"politics_neg_sentiment\",\"neg_levi\",\"gs_predicts_teens\",\"neg_diageo_brand_safety_nested_segments\",\"neg_chanel_brand_safety\",\"neg_ha_toyota_1-18-23\",\"hdm_persona_health_is_wealth\",\"gs_predicts_parentsteachers\",\"neg_ha_toyota_conill_4-22\",\"vehicle_accidents\",\"celine_blacklist_backup_4_17_23\",\"gs_predicts_singlesdayshopper\",\"neg_givenchy_keyword_blocklist\",\"pos_brandsaferolex\",\"gs_politics_misc\",\"intl_neg_tudor_8\",\"neg_hermes\",\"gs_war_conflict\",\"neg_chanelbrandsafety\",\"neg_ha_toyota_exclusion_5-11-22\",\"gb_death_injury_high_med\",\"gs_predicts_chinesenewyear\",\"neg_ha-toyota-se-bl-mar22\",\"neg_diageo_nest_segment_4\",\"gs_politics\",\"hfi_extrasafe\",\"neg_fashionlux_brand_safety_lvmh\",\"gs_predicts_mlb\",\"neg_jj_brsafe_master\",\"neg_ha_audi_5-23-23\",\"neg_fashionlux_brand_safety\",\"neg_invibes\",\"intl_neg_amazon22\",\"intl_neg_tudor_mobkoi_feb\",\"neg_tbs_deathinjury\",\"gs_predicts_mothersday\",\"neg_ha_toyota_5-22-23\",\"neg_vancleef_master\",\"gs_predicts_trendingtelevision\",\"gb_death_injury_news-ent\",\"intl_neg_tudor_7\",\"gs_healthylvng\",\"gs_health\",\"intl_neg_tudor_3\",\"neg_tiffany\"],\"verity\":null,\"contextIQ\":null},\"canonicalUrl\":\"https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius\",\"modifiedDate\":{\"year\":\"2023\",\"month\":\"08\",\"day\":\"09\",\"hour\":\"15\",\"minute\":\"47\"},\"publishDate\":{\"year\":\"2014\",\"month\":\"04\",\"day\":\"02\",\"hour\":\"09\",\"minute\":\"13\"},\"id\":\"biography.article.46805773\",\"display\":\"standard-article\",\"template\":\"article\",\"hideAffiliates\":false,\"metadata\":{\"hideWatchNextPlayer\":false},\"noAffiliateUrl\":false,\"section\":{\"name\":\"Famous Political Figures\",\"prefix\":\"political-figures\"},\"subSection\":{\"name\":\"\",\"prefix\":null}},\"commerce\":{\"flags\":{\"article\":{\"has_content_product_links\":false,\"multi_retailer_products\":0,\"program_type\":\"1\",\"auto_social\":0,\"hide_brands\":null,\"hide_vendors\":null,\"hide_from_homepage\":null,\"syndication_rights\":\"0\",\"hide_affiliate_disclaimer\":null},\"subsection\":{},\"section\":{\"program_type\":\"1\",\"show_editor_bios\":1,\"show_marquee_header\":null},\"site\":{\"commerce.magento.affiliate.enabled\":true,\"commerce.vader.render-afflinks-redirect\":false,\"commerce.self-hosted.affiliate.render-afflinks-redirect\":false,\"custom-feeds.sponsorship\":false,\"fre.commerce.affiliate.trackonomics\":true,\"fre.commerce.block-affiliate-tags\":false,\"fre.commerce.use-affiliate_url\":true,\"fre.enable-sponsored-content-to-content\":false,\"self-hosted.affiliate.enabled\":true}},\"affiliate\":{\"url\":\"https://assets.hearstapps.com/commerce/release/affiliate-bundle.master.js\",\"amazon\":{\"market\":\"HMG-US\",\"default\":{\"tag\":\"bio-auto-20\"}},\"skimlinks\":{\"market\":\"HMG-US\",\"default\":{\"url\":\"//s.skimresources.com/js/74968X1712615.skimlinks.js\"}},\"trackonomics\":[]},\"hasProduct\":false},\"contentId\":\"88384d08-9ca4-4266-8b8e-4b62adb01d3d\",\"site\":{\"cds-paywall\":false,\"icxSiteId\":\"2171\",\"jam-journey-enabled\":true,\"jam-journey-modals-enabled\":false,\"jam-journey-meters-enabled\":true,\"jam-journey-registration-modals-enabled\":false,\"name\":\"Biography\",\"new-nav\":true,\"piano-paywall\":false,\"prefix\":\"biography\",\"sso\":true,\"video\":{\"gaVideoDiagTracking\":\"false\",\"gaVideoBrandName\":\"Biography\",\"icxVideoDomainId\":\"7648\"}},\"flags\":{\"video.watch-next-in-body-listicle\":1,\"content-editor.table-of-contents.sticky\":1,\"seo.display-publish-date-timezone-all\":1,\"commerce.vader.enable-amazon-aggregates\":1,\"vader.commerce.use-afflinks_link\":1,\"seo.block-meta-ai-crawler\":1,\"fre.commerce.simplified-psv\":1,\"custom-feeds.media-modal-search-tab\":1,\"custom-feeds.getty-collection-images\":1,\"custom-feeds.composite-image-block\":1,\"custom-feeds.text-block\":1,\"custom-feeds.image-block\":1,\"fre.jam-journey.enable-top-slim-banner\":1,\"fre.enable-author-flyout\":1,\"content-editor.enable-repositioned-disclaimer\":1,\"fre.font-fallbacks\":1,\"content-editor.enable-custom-header\":1,\"fre.enable-userinfo-auth-route\":1,\"syndy.hreflang.version_of_all_locales\":1,\"video.use-video-player-two\":1,\"fre.location-choice.display-generic-title\":1,\"content-editor.toggles.paywall\":1,\"fre.render-dek-on-search-page\":1,\"fre.enable-query-split\":1,\"enable-top-touts\":1,\"fre.next-ad-placements\":1,\"top-pathing\":1,\"recirculation.end-of-content\":1,\"top-pathing.content\":1,\"display-search\":1,\"custom-promo-lead-videos\":1,\"video.enable-glimmer\":1,\"video.sticky-player\":1,\"cover-stories\":1,\"author-bios\":1,\"new-tablet-gallery\":1,\"mobile-adhesion-unit\":1,\"video.sticky-player-mobile\":1,\"video.sticky-player-lead\":1,\"show-updated-timestamp\":1,\"product-links-enabled\":1,\"gallery-1x1-mobile-lede-crops\":1,\"mason-custom-feeds\":1,\"content-editor.toggles.hide-affiliate-disclaimer\":1,\"gallery-display-type-product-roundup\":1,\"video.watch-next-in-body\":1,\"gallery-display-type-custom\":1,\"gallery-display-type-event-roundup\":1,\"gallery-display-type-timeline\":1,\"hide-content-tags-in-seo-related-links\":1,\"enable-sso\":1,\"self-hosted-ads\":1,\"new-nav\":1,\"search.consumer-api.enable-concorde\":1,\"fre.piano.enable-templates\":1,\"fre.do-not-sell-link\":1,\"concorde.fre.autocomplete\":1,\"concorde.fre.related-search\":1,\"concorde.fre.end-of-content-search\":1,\"fre.use-onetrust\":1,\"content-editor.1x1-lead-image-crop\":1,\"custom-feeds.default-blocks\":1,\"fre.enable-jam-journey\":1,\"fre.jam-journey.enable-meters\":1,\"custom-feeds.curated-products.4-across\":1,\"content-editor.gallery.multi-retailer.enabled\":1,\"fre.products.gallery.new-product-styling\":1,\"self-hosted.affiliate.enabled\":1,\"fre.commerce.use-affiliate_url\":1,\"product.badging.automate-sale-badging\":1,\"fre.commerce.affiliate.trackonomics\":1,\"commerce.magento.affiliate.enabled\":1,\"fre.commerce.product-summary-view\":1,\"product.badging.automate-sale-badging-organic\":1,\"commerce.reordering.enable\":1,\"content-editor.key-features-product-specs\":1,\"seo.syndicated-content.no-noindex\":1,\"fre.seogra.feed-page-collection-schema\":1,\"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs-with-collections\":1,\"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs\":1,\"product.draft.enabled\":1},\"metadata\":{\"contentId\":\"88384d08-9ca4-4266-8b8e-4b62adb01d3d\",\"keywords\":\"Last Name: Aurelius, Death Year: 180, Birth Year: 121, Death Month/Day: March 17, Death Country: Austria, Death City: Vienna, First Name: Marcus, Industry/Interest Area: World Politics, Birth Month/Day: April 26, Death Month: 3, Nationality: Italian, Life Events/Experience: Was Adopted, Birth Country: Italy, Birth City: Rome, Industry/Interest Area: War and Militaries, Birth Month: 4, Astrological Sign: Taurus\",\"ogTitle\":\"Marcus Aurelius - Meditations, Death & Facts\",\"hreflangCount\":0},\"adConfig\":{\"bu\":\"HDM\",\"site\":\"biography\",\"zone\":\"/36117602/hdm-biography/\",\"bidders\":{\"IX\":{\"d\":{\"ga\":\"670278\",\"gb\":\"670282\",\"la\":\"670277\",\"lb\":\"670283\",\"brk\":\"670280\",\"garb\":\"670279\",\"brkrr\":\"670281\"},\"m\":{\"ga\":\"670284\",\"gb\":\"670285\",\"lb\":\"670287\",\"adh\":\"670288\",\"brk\":\"670286\"},\"v\":\"942443\"},\"APN\":{\"d\":{\"ga\":\"28335653\",\"gb\":\"28335699\",\"la\":\"28335652\",\"lb\":\"28335701\",\"brk\":\"28335694\",\"garb\":\"28335656\",\"brkrr\":\"28335695\"},\"m\":{\"ga\":\"28335663\",\"gb\":\"28335702\",\"lb\":\"28335703\",\"adh\":\"28335673\",\"brk\":\"28335674\"},\"v\":\"28336229\"},\"KAR\":{\"m\":{\"gb\":\"_huOqULAdyc\",\"lb\":\"_vlJObQkrHZ\",\"adh\":\"_mV3wfVHC2F\",\"gabrk\":\"_t5dIWrCwC8\"},\"v\":\"_roqCuZZ19L\"},\"MAG\":{\"d\":{\"ga\":\"2669930\",\"gb\":\"2669944\",\"la\":\"2669926\",\"lb\":\"2669948\",\"brk\":\"2669936\",\"garb\":\"2669934\",\"brkrr\":\"2669940\"},\"m\":{\"ga\":\"2669952\",\"gb\":\"2669976\",\"lb\":\"2669980\",\"adh\":\"2669982\",\"brk\":\"2669978\"},\"v\":\"2731528\",\"siteId\":\"455226\",\"accountId\":\"11636\"},\"TDS\":{\"d\":{\"tdsArt\":\"174937\",\"tdsBrk\":\"174936\"},\"m\":{\"tdsArt\":\"174936\"},\"pageId\":\"160343\",\"pageIdDesktop300\":\"160344\"},\"TPL\":{\"d\":{\"ga\":\"biography_300x600_flex_atf_desktop_PB\",\"gb\":\"biography_300x250_flex_btf_desktop_PB\",\"lb\":\"biography_970x250_flex_atf_desktop_PB\",\"brkrr\":\"biography_300x600_flex_brk_desktop_PB\",\"la728\":\"biography_728x90_btf_desktop_PB\",\"la970\":\"biography_970x250_flex_atf_desktop_PB\"},\"m\":{\"ga\":\"biography_300x250_flex_atf_mobile_PB\",\"lb\":\"biography_300x250_flex_btf_mobile_PB\",\"adh\":\"biography_320x50_atf_mobile_PB\",\"brk\":\"biography_300x250_flex_brk_mobile_PB\"}},\"TTD\":{\"d\":{\"ttd\":\"desktop\"},\"m\":{\"ttd\":\"mobile\"},\"v\":\"video\",\"siteId\":\"hdm-biography\",\"supplySourceId\":\"hearstmagazines\"},\"AMZN\":\"3049\"},\"modules\":{\"ias\":{\"pubId\":\"931694\"},\"meta\":{\"id\":\"1818263528206619\",\"cur\":\"USD\"},\"parsely\":{\"siteId\":\"biography.com\"},\"comscore\":{\"c2\":6035258},\"oneTrust\":{\"doNotSellUrlOverride\":\"/about/a42621427/do-not-sell-my-personal-information\"},\"sailthru\":{\"ids\":{\"production\":\"35bb1c0998d8c6fd4f6ee5f6b8462a30\"}},\"trueAnthem\":\"hearst\",\"googleAnalytics\":{\"measurementId\":\"G-Z0D64Z6MCG\"}},\"adBundle\":[],\"settings\":{\"mobileStickyAds\":true,\"enableVerityTags\":true},\"siteList\":[\"www.biography.com\"]},\"viewability\":{\"/36117602/hdm-biography.gdpr/breaker|m\":30,\"/36117602/hdm-biography.gdpr/atf|d\":100,\"/36117602/hdm-biography.gdpr/atf|m\":100,\"/36117602/hdm-biography/political-figures/breaker|m\":70,\"/36117602/hdm-biography/political-figures/atf|m\":75,\"/36117602/hdm-biography/political-figures/atf|d\":55,\"/36117602/hdm-biography.gdpr/breaker|d\":65,\"381663f7-9cec-4da5-9298-bef347379fe6\":45,\"/36117602/hdm-biography/political-figures/breaker|d\":50},\"abTestingFullStack\":[],\"app\":{\"fontFallbacks\":[\"Gilroy\",\"Inter\",\"Ramillas\",\"Charter\"]}}"),window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("HRST"));</script><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"data":{"content":[{"collections":[{"id":"7e87fbcb-5500-45fd-aa91-82d18bdcdd19","title":"Emperors","content":[{"id":"625d0c87-33d9-4418-8f0c-535125504268","media":[{"role":2},{"role":2},{"image_id":"bad61546-9a08-4a4e-8be0-65bdea0cc411","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-antonius-9186692-1-402.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":402,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/marcus-antonius-9186692-1-402.jpg","media_type":"image","width":402,"created_at":"2023-01-19T15:12:48.323548Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"","seo_meta_description":"Mark Antony"}},{}],"slug":"mark-antony","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42569314,"legacy_id":20865292,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eMarcus Antonius (Mark Antony) is best known as the Roman general who was a lover of Cleopatra. The two committed suicide after their defeat by Octavian.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Mark Antony","index_title":"Mark Antony","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eMarcus Antonius (Mark Antony) is best known as the Roman general who was a lover of Cleopatra. The two committed suicide after their defeat by Octavian.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/mark-antony","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"7776b3f1-ea93-4db2-a995-0ed4119e0b99","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"9606643f-b9cd-46c5-ab00-0ee2925a384d","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/circa-50-bc-julius-caesar-as-dictator-of-rome-wearing-a-news-photo-1678896712.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":3482,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/circa-50-bc-julius-caesar-as-dictator-of-rome-wearing-a-news-photo-1678896712.jpg","media_type":"image","width":2715,"created_at":"2023-03-15T16:12:15.998772Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1.00xw:0.783xh;0,0.0355xh","2x1":"1.00xw:0.391xh;0,0.0431xh","3x1":"1xw:0.25991xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.58479xh;center,top","4x6":"0.855xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.15594xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.51982xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.09747xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.15594xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.23392xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.38986xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.43859xh;center,top","8x10":"1xw:0.97466xh;center,top","9x16":"0.72141xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.4765xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Julius Caesar","seo_meta_description":"illustration of julius caesar holding a scroll and wearing a toga and leaf crown"},"source":{}}],"slug":"julius-caesar","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42569318,"legacy_id":45616395,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eRoman general and statesman Julius Caesar turned the Roman Republic into the powerful Roman Empire. An assassination ended his reign on the Ides of March.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Julius Caesar","index_title":"Julius Caesar","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eRoman general and statesman Julius Caesar turned the Roman Republic into the powerful Roman Empire. An assassination ended his reign on the Ides of March.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/julius-caesar","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"bcd3270d-a14c-4143-bd13-fa1ce17349db","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"4874de69-c85c-436e-89c1-2fad1c5ede8c","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-544266826.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":500,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-544266826.jpg","media_type":"image","width":500,"created_at":"2023-01-19T22:01:52.984500Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.503xh;0,0.0962xh","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Napoleon Bonaparte portrait, 1812","seo_meta_description":"painting of napoleon bonaparte in a military uniform"},"source":{}}],"slug":"napoleon","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42578853,"legacy_id":88860942,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eFrench military general Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself the first emperor of France in 1804. His Napoleonic Code remains a model for governments worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Napoleon Bonaparte","index_title":"Napoleon Bonaparte","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eJoaquin Phoenix stars in the biopic about the legendary general鈥檚 rise to power and marriage to his wife Josephine.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/napoleon","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"cf19c5b0-9bf8-47a8-99ca-ba5e0cfdd45b","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"fd3afeb1-99cf-4a70-9f7d-a577722d70e0","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1188052265.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1859,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-1188052265.jpg","media_type":"image","width":1859,"created_at":"2023-01-26T13:51:15.156553Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.228xh","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.30000000000000004xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.6111111111111112xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Queen Elizabeth II in December 2019","seo_meta_description":"queen elizabeth ii smiles and looks right of the camera, she wears a white beaded gown and a blue sash with two pendants as well as a diamond and emerald crown and matching necklace"},"source":{}}],"slug":"queen-elizabeth-ii","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42671385,"legacy_id":87550222,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eQueen Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning monarch in British history, sitting on the throne for 71 years. She was succeeded by King Charles III in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Queen Elizabeth II","index_title":"Remembering Queen Elizabeth II, One Year After Her Death","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eThe longest-reigning monarch in British history sat on the throne for more than 71 years.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/royalty/queen-elizabeth-ii","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"b6b15015-2cc0-442f-b34e-c031c388eb48","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"6b4e0295-61b2-4c72-9445-96c3d041a2c3","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1206218936.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1000,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-1206218936.jpg","media_type":"image","width":1000,"created_at":"2023-01-21T10:15:48.267585Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Pontius Pilate","seo_meta_description":"Pontius Pilate"}}],"slug":"pontius-pilate","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42600665,"legacy_id":99966991,"metadata":{"dek":"Pontius Pilate was a Roman governor under the emperor of Tiberius in the 1st century. He is best known as the judge of Jesus' trial.","short_title":"Pontius Pilate","index_title":"Pontius Pilate","social_dek":"Pontius Pilate was a Roman governor under the emperor of Tiberius in the 1st century. He is best known as the judge of Jesus' trial.","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/religious-figures/pontius-pilate"}},{"id":"1356a6d3-e388-41e9-a356-c4895ec05e5f","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"e8451521-9561-4122-a8c4-f0ad9240afd1","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-164085816.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":4210,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-164085816.jpg","media_type":"image","width":4210,"created_at":"2023-01-24T13:11:10.426616Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.6111111111111112xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Empress Maria Theresa of Austria","seo_meta_description":"Empress Maria Theresa of Austria"}}],"slug":"maria-theresa","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42634163,"legacy_id":17068301,"metadata":{"dek":"Maria Theresa was an Austrian archduchess and Holy Roman Empress of the Habsburg Dynasty from 1740 to 1780. She was also Marie Antoinette鈥檚 mother.","short_title":"Maria Theresa","index_title":"Maria Theresa","social_dek":"Maria Theresa was an Austrian archduchess and Holy Roman Empress of the Habsburg Dynasty from 1740 to 1780. She was also Marie Antoinette鈥檚 mother.","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/royalty/maria-theresa"}},{"id":"8e6170d2-31b9-4291-b37f-a22fce66f480","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"c021ce52-f935-4516-84fb-77c47a7b1ea7","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-463906803sq.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":2728,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-463906803sq.jpg","media_type":"image","width":2728,"created_at":"2023-01-20T13:12:53.797326Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.504xh;0,0.283xh","3x1":"1xw:0.33333333333333337xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666667xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666667xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Alexander the Great","seo_meta_description":"alexander the great sculpture"},"source":{}}],"slug":"alexander-the-great","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42588626,"legacy_id":87870989,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander the Great served as king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 BCE. During his reign, he united Greece, reestablished the Corinthian League, and conquered the Persian Empire.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Alexander the Great","index_title":"Alexander the Great","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander the Great served as king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 BCE. During his reign, he united Greece, reestablished the Corinthian League, and conquered the Persian Empire.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/alexander-the-great","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"e2e239ca-c638-4ea3-a351-9a119d10779d","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"0d4ce6ec-739c-4833-be73-97eff2159928","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1277805724.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1000,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-1277805724.jpg","media_type":"image","width":1000,"created_at":"2023-01-20T22:47:34.778586Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Menelik II","seo_meta_description":"Menelik II"}}],"slug":"menelik-ii","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42597412,"legacy_id":13116172,"metadata":{"dek":"As emperor of Ethiopia at the turn of the 20th century, Menelik II maintained his country's independence in the face of foreign threats and expanded Ethiopia's territory.","short_title":"Menelik II","index_title":"Menelik II","social_dek":"As emperor of Ethiopia at the turn of the 20th century, Menelik II maintained his country's independence in the face of foreign threats and expanded Ethiopia's territory.","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/menelik-ii"}},{"id":"c666d5f3-0c86-4fa6-9645-905119753273","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"01ae3a16-42e6-442d-b6a7-4a0b967b0011","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-115102009.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1000,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-115102009.jpg","media_type":"image","width":1000,"created_at":"2023-01-20T18:18:07.959122Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.0653xh","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Nicholas II","seo_meta_description":"nicholas ii"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"nicholas-ii","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42594233,"legacy_id":89557259,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eNicholas II was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. His poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia鈥檚 role in World War I led to his abdication and execution.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Nicholas II","index_title":"Nicholas II","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eNicholas II was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. His poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia鈥檚 role in World War I led to his abdication and execution.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/royalty/nicholas-ii","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"acc41ab5-47eb-48ed-98be-0122a2356c8d","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"5978630c-08b3-420d-b7e4-0bc88a5d755e","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-514975318.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1000,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-514975318.jpg","media_type":"image","width":1000,"created_at":"2023-01-21T06:46:39.689537Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Hirohito","seo_meta_description":"Hirohito"}}],"slug":"hirohito","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42599894,"legacy_id":58643981,"metadata":{"dek":"Hirohito was Japan's longest-reigning emperor, holding the throne from 1926 to 1989. He was a controversial figure who announced Japan's surrender to the Allied Forces in 1945.","short_title":"Hirohito","index_title":"Hirohito","social_dek":"Hirohito was Japan's longest-reigning emperor, holding the throne from 1926 to 1989. He was a controversial figure who announced Japan's surrender to the Allied Forces in 1945.","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/hirohito"}},{"id":"cfe0cf42-313c-4325-8064-7ffba3ca1b00","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"c998e5f7-51d9-4dc2-b8d6-3df342196f24","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-537171807-copy.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":2421,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-537171807-copy.jpg","media_type":"image","width":2421,"created_at":"2023-01-19T23:10:27.348922Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.19999999999999998xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.7999999999999999xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.6111111111111112xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Kaiser Wilhelm II","seo_meta_description":"Kaiser Wilhelm II"}}],"slug":"kaiser-wilhelm","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42579947,"legacy_id":18406415,"metadata":{"dek":"Kaiser Wilhelm served as emperor of Germany from 1888 until the end of World War I.","short_title":"Kaiser Wilhelm","index_title":"Kaiser Wilhelm","social_dek":"Kaiser Wilhelm served as emperor of Germany from 1888 until the end of World War I.","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/kaiser-wilhelm"}},{"id":"e192eaf6-6435-4de3-b8a4-a13ff41be9e4","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"168d2355-d56d-4bb1-85c2-d5c4f160d786","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-599955471-copy.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":4352,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/gettyimages-599955471-copy.jpg","media_type":"image","width":4351,"created_at":"2023-01-19T22:47:43.987214Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:0.9997702205882353xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.49988511029411764xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3332567401960784xh;center,top","3x4":"0.7501723741668582xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.7498276654411765xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6668198881483184xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.19995404411764706xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6665134803921569xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.12497127757352941xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.2999310661764706xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5623707490808824xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8001838657779821xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.6109706903594772xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Kublai Khan","seo_meta_description":"Kublai Khan"}}],"slug":"kublai-khan","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{},"display_id":42579677,"legacy_id":31350799,"metadata":{"dek":"Mongolian general and statesman Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan. After conquering China, he founded the country's Yuan Dynasty and became its first emperor.","short_title":"Kublai Khan","index_title":"Kublai Khan","social_dek":"Mongolian general and statesman Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan. After conquering China, he founded the country's Yuan Dynasty and became its first emperor.","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/kublai-khan"}}],"slug":"emperors"}],"section":{"title":"Famous Political Figures","slug":"political-figures","metadata":{"show_editor_bios":1,"sponsor":{"program_type":"1"}},"media":[{"croppedPreviewImage":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top","media_type":"playlist","metadata":{"videoEmbedId":"381663f7-9cec-4da5-9298-bef347379fe6","options":{}},"title":"Biography Political Figures"}]},"id":"88384d08-9ca4-4266-8b8e-4b62adb01d3d","ad_category":{"title":"News \u0026 Politics","prefix":"news_politics"},"display_id":42599015,"editorial_source":{"title":"Hearst Editorial"},"media":[{"id":"e5cc3629-4210-4867-b16b-712aec4da570","role":2,"media_id":"46cf1ea4-afa3-4c25-8240-d45355cd5d4b","media_type":"image","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.258xh","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{},"photographer":{},"image_id":"e5cc3629-4210-4867-b16b-712aec4da570","height":1000,"pathname":"/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg","width":1000,"created_at":"2023-01-21T03:35:29.942824Z","source":{}},{"id":"e5cc3629-4210-4867-b16b-712aec4da570","role":3,"media_id":"edd42a51-d35a-4e01-91ec-27110acf95f2","media_type":"image","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"1xw:1.0xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.3333333333333333xh;center,top","3x4":"0.75xw:1xh;center,top","4x3":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","4x6":"0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.2xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.6666666666666666xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.125xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.5625xh;center,top","8x10":"0.8xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.611111111111111xh;center,top"},"selected_crop":"freeform","lede_image_link_url":"","lede_image_link_title":"","lede_image_hide_social":"1","lede_image_link_new_tab":"0","lede_image_link_nofollow":"0"},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_description":"marcus aurelius","seo_meta_title":"Marcus Aurelius"},"photographer":{"name":"Photo: DEA/G. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini via Getty Images"},"image_id":"e5cc3629-4210-4867-b16b-712aec4da570","height":1000,"pathname":"/images/marcus-aurelius-gettyimages-122316830.jpg","width":1000,"created_at":"2023-01-21T03:35:29.511716Z","source":{"title":"Getty Images"}},{"role":12,"media_type":"image","metadata":{}}],"publish_source":{"title":"Biography"},"originally_published_at":"2014-04-02T09:13:54Z","publish_from":"2023-08-09T15:47:00Z","updated_at":"2024-10-30T15:31:03.213403Z","slug":"marcus-aurelius","legacy_id":46805773,"display_type":{"title":"Standard Article","slug":"standard-article"},"content_type":{"title":"Profile"},"tags":[{"slug":"last-name-aurelius","title":"Last Name: Aurelius"},{"slug":"death-year-180","title":"Death Year: 180"},{"slug":"birth-year-121","title":"Birth Year: 121"},{"slug":"death-month-day-march-17","title":"Death Month/Day: March 17"},{"slug":"death-country-austria","title":"Death Country: Austria"},{"slug":"death-city-vienna","title":"Death City: Vienna"},{"slug":"first-name-marcus","title":"First Name: Marcus"},{"slug":"industry-interest-area-world-politics","title":"Industry/Interest Area: World Politics"},{"slug":"birth-month-day-april-26","title":"Birth Month/Day: April 26"},{"slug":"death-month-3","title":"Death Month: 3"},{"slug":"nationality-italian","title":"Nationality: Italian"},{"slug":"life-events-experience-was-adopted","title":"Life Events/Experience: Was Adopted"},{"slug":"birth-country-italy","title":"Birth Country: Italy"},{"slug":"birth-city-rome","title":"Birth City: Rome"},{"slug":"industry-interest-area-war-and-militaries","title":"Industry/Interest Area: War and Militaries"},{"slug":"birth-month-4","title":"Birth Month: 4"},{"slug":"astrological-sign-taurus","title":"Astrological Sign: Taurus"}],"metadata":{"auto_social":0,"dek":"\u003cp\u003eAs Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e","display_instagram_embeds":1,"social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eAs Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Marcus Aurelius","index_title":"Marcus Aurelius","social_title":"Marcus Aurelius - Meditations, Death \u0026 Facts","seo_meta_description":"As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.","seo_meta_keywords":"Last Name: Aurelius, Death Year: 180, Birth Year: 121, Death Month/Day: March 17, Death Country: Austria, Death City: Vienna, First Name: Marcus, Industry/Interest Area: World Politics, Birth Month/Day: April 26, Death Month: 3, Nationality: Italian, Life Events/Experience: Was Adopted, Birth Country: Italy, Birth City: Rome, Industry/Interest Area: War and Militaries, Birth Month: 4, Astrological Sign: Taurus","seo_meta_title":"Marcus Aurelius: Biography, Emperor of Rome, Meditations","syndication_rights":"0","editor_attribution":"By","legacy_url":"/political-figures/marcus-aurelius","sponsor":{"program_type":"1"},"header":{"title_layout":"3"},"commerce":{"product_summary_view":false,"enable_multi_retailer":1,"multi_retailer_products":0,"has_content_product_links":false},"tags_grapeshot":["gs_predicts_sbsw_event","neg_ha_set_060322","neg_mobkoi_gemfield","neg_apple_brand_safety","neg_lillmasterbrand","gs_predicts_singlesday_travel","neg_ha_honda-acura_jan24","response_check","intl_neg_tiffanyandco","intl_neg_tudor_5","neg_custom_velo","neg_ha_toyota-tda_jan23","gs_predicts_youngwomensinterest","gs_predicts_millennialmoms","neg_ha_mazda_jan23","gs_predicts_pharma_compassion","neg_meta_quest","gs_predicts_quitsmoking","neg_brand_safety_master","neg_mobkoi_brand_safety","gt_mixed","gs_predicts_spring_break","gb_safe_from_high","neg_ha_jlr_jul22","neg_ha_honda_oct22","gs_politics_issues_policy","intl_neg_tudor_6","gs_predicts_hockey","neg_ha_cap_one_jun21_1","neg_verzenio1","neg_waitrose_brand_safety","neg_accenture","intl_neg_tudor_4","gs_predicts_parentsofyoungkids","neg_amazon","neg_cokemagic1","gt_negative_anger","gl_english","diegeo_2023","gv_military","neg_wacoal","gb_death_injury_high_med_low","gs_predicts_coldfluseason","neg_apple_brand_safety24","neg_marriott","gs_predicts_veteransservice","intl_neg_tudor_9","gs_predicts_backtoschool","neg_diageo_nest_segment_2","gv_death_injury","politics_neg_sentiment","neg_levi","gs_predicts_teens","neg_diageo_brand_safety_nested_segments","neg_chanel_brand_safety","neg_ha_toyota_1-18-23","hdm_persona_health_is_wealth","gs_predicts_parentsteachers","neg_ha_toyota_conill_4-22","vehicle_accidents","celine_blacklist_backup_4_17_23","gs_predicts_singlesdayshopper","neg_givenchy_keyword_blocklist","pos_brandsaferolex","gs_politics_misc","intl_neg_tudor_8","neg_hermes","gs_war_conflict","neg_chanelbrandsafety","neg_ha_toyota_exclusion_5-11-22","gb_death_injury_high_med","gs_predicts_chinesenewyear","neg_ha-toyota-se-bl-mar22","neg_diageo_nest_segment_4","gs_politics","hfi_extrasafe","neg_fashionlux_brand_safety_lvmh","gs_predicts_mlb","neg_jj_brsafe_master","neg_ha_audi_5-23-23","neg_fashionlux_brand_safety","neg_invibes","intl_neg_amazon22","intl_neg_tudor_mobkoi_feb","neg_tbs_deathinjury","gs_predicts_mothersday","neg_ha_toyota_5-22-23","neg_vancleef_master","gs_predicts_trendingtelevision","gb_death_injury_news-ent","intl_neg_tudor_7","gs_healthylvng","gs_health","intl_neg_tudor_3","neg_tiffany"]},"theme":{"fonts":{"primary":"Gilroy, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","tertiary":"CharterBold, Georgia, Times, Serif","secondary":"Ramillas, Georgia, Times, Serif","DekPrimary":"primary","BodyPrimary":"Charter, Georgia, Times, Serif","MenuPrimary":"primary","BodySanSerif":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","BodyTertiary":"CharterItalic, Georgia, Times, Serif","DekSecondary":"primary","LabelPrimary":"primary","TitlePrimary":"primary","AdTextPrimary":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","BodySecondary":"CharterBold, Georgia, Times, Serif","BylinePrimary":"primary","MenuSecondary":"primary","LabelSecondary":"primary","TitleSecondary":"secondary","AdTextSecondary":"BylinePrimary","BylineSecondary":"primary","HeadlinePrimary":"primary","HeadlineSecondary":"primary","SubheadlinePrimary":"secondary","SubheadlineSecondary":"primary"},"radii":{"l":"1.875rem","m":"1.25rem","s":"0.9375rem","xl":"4.375rem","xs":"0.625rem","xxs":"0.3125rem","xxxs":"0.25rem"},"sizes":{"iconSize":{"l":"1.875rem","m":"1.5rem","s":"1.25rem","xl":"2.5rem","xs":"1.063rem","xxl":"3.125rem","xxs":"1rem","xxxl":"3.75rem","xxxs":"0.5rem","xxxxl":"4.6rem","xxxxxl":"5rem"},"navHeight":"3.375rem","primitive-0":"0rem","primitive-1":"0.0625rem","primitive-2":"0.125rem","primitive-4":"0.25rem","primitive-6":"0.375rem","primitive-8":"0.5rem","primitive-10":"0.625rem","primitive-11":"0.6875rem","primitive-12":"0.75rem","primitive-13":"0.8125rem","primitive-14":"0.875rem","primitive-15":"0.9375rem","primitive-16":"1rem","primitive-17":"1.0625rem","primitive-18":"1.125rem","primitive-19":"1.188rem","primitive-20":"1.25rem","primitive-22":"1.375rem","primitive-24":"1.5rem","primitive-28":"1.75rem","primitive-32":"2rem","primitive-36":"2.25rem","primitive-40":"2.5rem","primitive-44":"2.75rem","primitive-48":"3rem","primitive-52":"3.25rem","primitive-56":"3.5rem","primitive-60":"3.75rem","primitive-64":"4rem","primitive-72":"4.5rem","primitive-80":"5rem","primitive-96":"6rem","outlineOffset":{"outline-offset-m":"0.375rem","outline-offset-s":"0.25rem","outline-offset-lg":"0.5rem","outline-offset-xs":"0.125rem","outline-offset-xxs":"0.0625rem","outline-offset-none":"0"},"outlineWidths":{"outline-m":"0.3125rem","outline-s":"0.19rem","outline-lg":"0.625rem","outline-xs":"0.125rem","outline-xxs":"0.0625rem","outline-none":"0"},"primitive-112":"7rem","primitive-128":"8rem","primitive-160":"10rem","primitive-192":"12rem","primitive-224":"14rem","primitive-256":"16rem","primitive-320":"20rem","primitive-384":"24rem","primitive-448":"28rem","primitive-512":"32rem","primitive-640":"40rem","primitive-768":"48rem","primitive-1024":"64rem","primitive-1280":"80rem","primitive-1600":"100rem","primitive-1920":"120rem","maxContentWidth":"75rem","footer-network-logo":{"width":"192","height":"41"}},"space":{"l":"1.875rem","m":"1.25rem","s":"0.9375rem","xl":"4.375rem","xs":"0.625rem","xxs":"0.3125rem","xxxs":"0.25rem","center":"0 auto","contentWidth":"75rem","mobile-gutter":"0.938rem","tablet-gutter":"2.5rem","maxContentWidth":"75rem","maxContentWidthAd":"25rem","mobileOuterGutter":"0.938rem","tabletOuterGutter":"2.5rem"},"colors":{"red":"#AA0703","grey":"neutral-300","black":"#000000","white":"#ffffff","red-50":"#FEF2F2","sky-50":"#F0F9FF","yellow":"#F3B032","blue-50":"#EFF6FF","cyan-50":"#ECFEFF","gray-50":"#F9FAFB","lime-50":"#F7FEE7","pink-50":"#FDF2F8","red-100":"#FEE2E2","red-200":"#FECACA","red-300":"#FCA5A5","red-400":"#F87171","red-500":"#EF4444","red-600":"#DC2626","red-700":"#B91C1C","red-800":"#991B1B","red-900":"#7F1D1D","red-950":"#450A0A","rose-50":"#FFF1F2","sky-100":"#E0F2FE","sky-200":"#BAE6FD","sky-300":"#7DD3FC","sky-400":"#38BDF8","sky-500":"#0EA5E9","sky-600":"#0284C7","sky-700":"#0369A1","sky-800":"#075985","sky-900":"#0C4A6E","sky-950":"#082F49","teal-50":"#F0FDFA","zinc-50":"#FAFAFA","amber-50":"#FFFBEB","bg-error":"globalColorError","bg-legal":"greyLight","blue-100":"#DBEAFE","blue-200":"#BFDBFE","blue-300":"#93C5FD","blue-400":"#60A5FA","blue-500":"#3B82F6","blue-600":"#2563EB","blue-700":"#1D4ED8","blue-800":"#1E40AF","blue-900":"#1E3A8A","blue-950":"#172554","cyan-100":"#CFFAFE","cyan-200":"#A5F3FC","cyan-300":"#67E8F9","cyan-400":"#22D3EE","cyan-500":"#06B6D4","cyan-600":"#0891B2","cyan-700":"#0E7490","cyan-800":"#155E75","cyan-900":"#164E63","cyan-950":"#083344","fg-error":"globalColorError","gray-100":"#F3F4F6","gray-200":"#E5E7EB","gray-300":"#D1D5DB","gray-400":"#9CA3AF","gray-500":"#6B7280","gray-600":"#4B5563","gray-700":"#374151","gray-800":"#1F2937","gray-900":"#111827","gray-950":"#030712","green-50":"#F0FDF4","greyDark":"neutral-400","lime-100":"#ECFCCB","lime-200":"#D9F99D","lime-300":"#BEF264","lime-400":"#A3E635","lime-500":"#84CC16","lime-600":"#65A30D","lime-700":"#4D7C0F","lime-800":"#3F6212","lime-900":"#365314","lime-950":"#1A2E05","pink-100":"#FCE7F3","pink-200":"#FBCFE8","pink-300":"#F9A8D4","pink-400":"#F472B6","pink-500":"#EC4899","pink-600":"#DB2777","pink-700":"#BE185D","pink-800":"#9D174D","pink-900":"#831843","pink-950":"#500724","redLight":"#F0908E","rose-100":"#FFE4E6","rose-200":"#FECDD3","rose-300":"#FDA4AF","rose-400":"#FB7185","rose-500":"#F43F5E","rose-600":"#E11D48","rose-700":"#BE123C","rose-800":"#9F1239","rose-900":"#881337","rose-950":"#4C0519","slate-50":"#F8FAFC","stone-50":"#FAFAF9","teal-100":"#CCFBF1","teal-200":"#99F6E4","teal-300":"#5EEAD4","teal-400":"#2DD4BF","teal-500":"#14B8A6","teal-600":"#0D9488","teal-700":"#0F766E","teal-800":"#115E59","teal-900":"#134E4A","teal-950":"#042F2E","zinc-100":"#F4F4F5","zinc-200":"#E4E4E7","zinc-300":"#D4D4D8","zinc-400":"#A1A1AA","zinc-500":"#71717A","zinc-600":"#52525B","zinc-700":"#3F3F46","zinc-800":"#27272A","zinc-900":"#18181B","zinc-950":"#09090B","amber-100":"#FEF3C7","amber-200":"#FDE68A","amber-300":"#FCD34D","amber-400":"#FBBF24","amber-500":"#F59E0B","amber-600":"#D97706","amber-700":"#B45309","amber-800":"#92400E","amber-900":"#78350F","amber-950":"#431407","bg-avatar":"white","bg-rating":"globalColorRating","green-100":"#DCFCE7","green-200":"#BBF7D0","green-300":"#86EFAC","green-400":"#4ADE80","green-500":"#22C55E","green-600":"#16A34A","green-700":"#15803D","green-800":"#166534","green-900":"#14532D","green-950":"#052E16","greenDark":"#006603","greyLight":"neutral-200","greyXdark":"neutral-500","indigo-50":"#EEF2FF","orange-50":"#FFF7ED","purple-50":"#FAF5FF","slate-100":"#F1F5F9","slate-200":"#E2E8F0","slate-300":"#CBD5E1","slate-400":"#94A3B8","slate-500":"#64748B","slate-600":"#475569","slate-700":"#334155","slate-800":"#1E293B","slate-900":"#0F172A","slate-950":"#020617","stone-100":"#F5F5F4","stone-200":"#E7E5E4","stone-300":"#D6D3D1","stone-400":"#A8A29E","stone-500":"#78716C","stone-600":"#57534E","stone-700":"#44403C","stone-800":"#292524","stone-900":"#1C1917","stone-950":"#0C0A09","violet-50":"#F5F3FF","yellow-50":"#FEFCE8","emerald-50":"#ECFDF5","fuchsia-50":"#FDF4FF","greenLight":"#75C278","greyXXdark":"neutral-600","greyXlight":"neutral-100","indigo-100":"#E0E7FF","indigo-200":"#C7D2FE","indigo-300":"#A5B4FC","indigo-400":"#818CF8","indigo-500":"#6366F1","indigo-600":"#4F46E5","indigo-700":"#4338CA","indigo-800":"#3730A3","indigo-900":"#312E81","indigo-950":"#1E1B4B","neutral-50":"#FAFAFA","orange-100":"#FFEDD5","orange-200":"#FED7AA","orange-300":"#FDBA74","orange-400":"#FB923C","orange-500":"#F97316","orange-600":"#EA580C","orange-700":"#C2410C","orange-800":"#9A3412","orange-900":"#7C2D12","orange-950":"#431407","purple-100":"#F3E8FF","purple-200":"#E9D5FF","purple-300":"#D8B4FE","purple-400":"#C084FC","purple-500":"#A855F7","purple-600":"#9333EA","purple-700":"#7E22CE","purple-800":"#6B21A8","purple-900":"#581C87","purple-950":"#3B0764","text-error":"globalColorError","text-legal":"greyXXXdark","violet-100":"#EDE9FE","violet-200":"#DDD6FE","violet-300":"#C4B5FD","violet-400":"#A78BFA","violet-500":"#8B5CF6","violet-600":"#7C3AED","violet-700":"#6D28D9","violet-800":"#5B21B6","violet-900":"#4C1D95","violet-950":"#2E1065","yellow-100":"#FEF9C3","yellow-200":"#FEF08A","yellow-300":"#FDE047","yellow-400":"#FACC15","yellow-500":"#EAB308","yellow-600":"#CA8A04","yellow-700":"#A16207","yellow-800":"#854D0E","yellow-900":"#713F12","yellow-950":"#422006","bg-discount":"globalColorDiscount","emerald-100":"#D1FAE5","emerald-200":"#A7F3D0","emerald-300":"#6EE7B7","emerald-400":"#34D399","emerald-500":"#10B981","emerald-600":"#059669","emerald-700":"#047857","emerald-800":"#065F46","emerald-900":"#064E3B","emerald-950":"#022C22","fg-discount":"globalColorDiscount","footer-fill":"white","fuchsia-100":"#FAE8FF","fuchsia-200":"#F5D0FE","fuchsia-300":"#F0ABFC","fuchsia-400":"#E879F9","fuchsia-500":"#D946EF","fuchsia-600":"#C026D3","fuchsia-700":"#A21CAF","fuchsia-800":"#86198F","fuchsia-900":"#701A75","fuchsia-950":"#4A044E","greyXXXdark":"neutral-800","neutral-100":"#F5F5F5","neutral-200":"#E5E5E5","neutral-300":"#D4D4D4","neutral-400":"#A3A3A3","neutral-500":"#737373","neutral-600":"#525252","neutral-700":"#404040","neutral-800":"#262626","neutral-900":"#171717","neutral-950":"#0A0A0A","text-avatar":"black","text-rating":"greyXXXdark","yellowLight":"#F9D187","bg-chip-base":"greyXlight","sidepanel-bg":"greyXlight","footerbgColor":"black","text-discount":"globalColorDiscount","textFillColor":"black","bg-chip-button":"black","bg-informative":"greyLight","sidepanel-text":"black","sponsor-bar-bg":"white","bg-avatar-hover":"black","bg-error-onDark":"globalColorError-OnDark","bg-legal-onDark":"greyXXXdark","fg-error-onDark":"globalColorError-OnDark","text-chip-label":"black","text-form-error":"globalColorError","text-form-label":"greyXXXdark","bg-rating-onDark":"globalColorRating-OnDark","globalColorError":"red","globalColorFocus":"black","globalColorLegal":"greyXXXdark","text-form-helper":"greyXdark","text-informative":"greyXXXdark","bg-color-poll-bar":"greyLight","bg-droppdown-list":"white","brandColorPrimary":"#A00000","breaker-ad-border":"greyLight","globalColorRating":"yellow","text-avatar-hover":"white","text-error-onDark":"globalColorError-OnDark","text-legal-onDark":"white","bg-block-big-story":"","bg-block-three-col":"","bg-discount-onDark":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark","fg-discount-onDark":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark","side-panel-menu-bg":"white","sidePanelLinkColor":"white","text-form-disabled":"greyDark","text-rating-onDark":"greyLight","footer-network-fill":"white","globalColorDiscount":"greenDark","text-droppdown-list":"black","bg-block-four-across":"","bg-chip-button-hover":"greyXdark","color-rating-default":"#F3B032","text-discount-onDark":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark","bg-block-content-text":"","bg-chip-base-disabled":"greyLight","bg-form-check-resting":"white","bg-form-input-resting":"white","bg-informative-onDark":"greyXXXdark","color-link-body-hover":"brandColorPrimary","text-form-placeholder":"greyXXXdark","bg-form-check-disabled":"greyXlight","bg-form-check-selected":"black","bg-form-input-disabled":"greyXlight","bg-form-input-selected":"white","globalColorInformative":"greyXXXdark","side-panel-sub-menu-bg":"greyXlight","bg-block-big-story-feed":"","bg-droppdown-list-first":"greyLight","bg-droppdown-list-hover":"greyXlight","globalColorError-OnDark":"redLight","globalColorFocus-OnDark":"white","globalColorLegal-OnDark":"greyXlight","location-choice-menu-bg":"black","text-informative-onDark":"white","globalColorRating-OnDark":"yellowLight","nav-subscribe-link-focus":"white","sidePanelLinkColor-hover":"grey","text-chip-label-disabled":"greyDark","color-star-rating-default":"#F3B032","side-panel-sub-menu-focus":"black","side-panel-sub-menu-hover":"greyDark","text-droppdown-list-first":"black","text-droppdown-list-hover":"black","bg-block-content-big-story":"","bg-block-content-three-col":"","bg-color-do-not-sell-hover":"grey","globalColorDiscount-OnDark":"greenLight","bg-block-content-four-across":"","globalColorInformative-OnDark":"greyXlight","link-hover-item-title-primary":"brandColorPrimary","saved-menu-panel-focus-link-bg":"greyXlight","bg-block-content-big-story-feed":"","link-hover-three-column-heading":"brandColorPrimary","bg-block-content-big-story-under":"","bg-block-content-big-story-noimage":"","bg-block-content-big-story-under-ad":"","bg-block-content-big-story-imageright":"","bg-block-content-big-story-noimage-ad":"","bg-block-content-big-story-imageright-ad":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-feature":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-feature":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-feature":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-basefeed":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-basefeed":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-basefeed":"","navLogoColor":"white","brandColorSecondary":"#FFF5F5","navLogoWithSponsorColor":"black","sidePanelLinkWithSponsorColor":"black","sidePanelLinkColorWithSponsorHover":"greyXXdark"},"styles":{"nav":{"bg":"black","height":{"lg":"48px","\u003clg":"96px"}},"footer":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"body-h2":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-32","md":"font-size-32","\u003csm":"font-size-30"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"},"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"800","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-3","outline":"none"},"body-h3":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-24","md":"font-size-24","\u003csm":"font-size-24"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"},"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"800","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-3"},"body-h4":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-20","md":"font-size-20","\u003csm":"font-size-20"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"},"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"800","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-3"},"body-ol":{"margin":{"_":"{s} 0 0 {xs}","md":"{s} 0"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"variant":"body-primary","\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"}},"body-ul":{"margin":{"_":"{s} 0 0 {xs}","md":"{s} 0"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"variant":"body-primary","\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"}},"by-line":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-primary"},"nav-bar":{"m":"0 auto","px":"0","width":"100%","height":"100%","display":"flex","maxWidth":"75rem","alignItems":"center"},"nav-logo":{"width":{"md":"13rem","\u003csm":"10rem"},"height":{"md":"1.5rem","\u003csm":"1.2rem"},"marginRight":{"_":"auto","lg\u003e":"xxs"}},"body-text":{"variant":"body-primary"},"error-text":{"variant":"small-specs-error-text-primary"},"dim-overlay":{"elevation":"sunken"},"do-not-sell":{"border":"border-thin-white","padding":"xs","variant":"button-secondary","fontSize":"font-size-11","textAlign":{"md":"center","\u003csm":"left"},"lineHeight":"lineheight-lg","textTransform":"capitalize"},"footer-logo":{"width":"7.5rem","maxHeight":"1.4375rem"},"form-select":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"sponsor-bar":{"variant":"ad-text-primary"},"by-line-name":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-primary"},"footer-fixed":{"bg":"greyXlight","boxShadow":"0 0 40px rgb(0 0 0, 0.2)"},"marquee-logo":{"img":{"width":"auto","height":{"lg":"auto"},"maxHeight":{"_":"5.625rem","lg":"8rem","md":"6.25rem","sm":"5.625rem","xlg":"9rem"},"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)"},"textAlign":"center","width":{"md":"1.5rem","\u003csm":"3.463rem","xlg":"1rem"}},"nav-bar-link":{"variant":"button-secondary"},"three-column":{"bg":"black","div":{"color":"white"},"a h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"grey"}}},"affiliate-bar":{"variant":"ad-text-primary"},"block-heading":{"variant":"headline-primary","mt":"m"},"sponsor-label":{"mb":"xxs","variant":"ad-text-primary","textTransform":"none"},"spotlight-hed":{"p":"0.6rem {m}","\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary","transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"variant":"headline-secondary","color":"greyXXXdark","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"404-error-link":{"variant":"body-primary"},"author-bio-bio":{"\u0026 p":{"margin":"0"},"variant":"body-secondary"},"list-item-link":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"spotlight-logo":{"\u0026 img":{"height":"1.6rem"},"img":{"width":{"md":"6.5rem","\u003csm":"5rem"}}},"404-error-title":{"variant":"headline-primary"},"author-bio-name":{"variant":"byline-secondary"},"big-story-block":{"bg":"greyXlight","a":{"mb":"m"},"h2":{"pb":"xxs","pt":"xxs"},"pb":{"lg":"2.5rem","md":"1.5625rem"},"pt":{"lg":"m","md":"1.5625rem","sm":"xs","\u003csm":"0"},"div":{"mb":"0","video":{"background":"none"}},"span div":{"pb":"xxs","pt":{"_":"xs","\u003cxs":"xxxs"}}},"breaker-ad-text":{"variant":"ad-text-primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","textTransform":"uppercase"},"custom-item-dek":{"variant":"dek-primary","my":"s","pt":"0"},"feed-body-label":{"variant":"label-tag-primary"},"legal-menu-link":{"variant":"menu-secondary"},"marquee-content":{"width":{"smd":"34rem","xlg":"40rem"},"textAlign":"center"},"popover-trigger":{"border":"border-dropdown","variant":"dropdown-text-primary","background":"white"},"side-panel-menu":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"spotlight-label":{"variant":"label-tag-primary","m":"{s} auto","display":{"sm":"inline-block","\u003csm":"block"}},"statement-block":{"paddingY":{"md":"{*sizes.primitive-32}","\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-32}"}},"video-hub-title":{"variant":"item-title-stacked-feature-big-story-feed"},"author-bio-label":{"color":"black","variant":"byline-secondary","marginRight":"xxs"},"block-subheading":{"variant":"subheadline-primary","pb":{"_":"xxs","\u003csm":"xs"},"pt":{"_":"xxs","\u003csm":"xs"},"color":"greyXXXdark"},"breadcrumbs-link":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-link-primary"},"breadcrumbs-list":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-primary"},"custom-item-meta":{"pr":"xxs"},"form-input-field":{"variant":"overlay-item-text","\u0026::placeholder":{"color":"greyXXXdark"}},"form-input-label":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"load-more-button":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"nav-header-title":{"variant":"ad-text-primary"},"video-hub-byline":{"variant":"byline-primary"},"accordion-wrapper":{"borderBottom":"border-thin-grey"},"body-loop-caption":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"variant":"body-secondary","color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"bold"},"custom-item-image":{"mb":"xs","text-overflow":"ellipsis"},"custom-item-label":{"display":"inline-block","variant":"label-tag-primary","pb":"s"},"custom-item-title":{"my":"0","variant":"title-primary"},"footer-legal-menu":{"lineHeight":"lineheight-max"},"form-select-label":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"four-across-block":{"bg":"greyXlight"},"marquee-body-text":{"\u0026 p":{"margin":{"_":"0 auto {s}","xlg":"0 auto"}},"margin":"0 auto","padding":{"_":"0 {mobileOuterGutter}","md":"0 {tabletOuterGutter} {s}","xlg":"0 0 {l}"},"variant":"body-primary"},"nav-search-button":{"margin":"xxs","padding":{"sm":"xxs","\u003csm":"0"}},"spotlight-details":{"m":{"_":"0 auto {s}","md":"0 auto {m}"},"px":{"_":"s","md":"xl"},"alignSelf":"flex-end","textAlign":"center","background":"transparent"},"body-image-caption":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"variant":"body-secondary","mb":"xxs","color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"bold"},"collapsible-header":{"variant":"label-header-primary","\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit"}},"content-header-dek":{"mb":"xs","fontSize":{"md":"font-size-20","\u003csm":"font-size-14"},"fontFamily":"DekPrimary","fontWeight":"600","lineHeight":{"md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"},"color":"greyXXdark"},"dropdown-menu-item":{"border":"border-dropdown","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-droppdown-list-hover"},"variant":"dropdown-text-primary","background":"bg-droppdown-list"},"feed-product-title":{"variant":"title-primary"},"form-select-option":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"nav-bar-login-text":{"variant":"button-secondary"},"nav-subscribe-link":{"variant":"button-primary","\u0026:focus-visible":{"outlineColor":"nav-subscribe-link-focus"},"color":"white"},"newsletter-wrapper":{"backgroundImage":"url('/_assets/design-tokens/PR-143/1a74f8d/fre/static/images/marketing/bg-newsletter.jpg')"},"search-input-field":{"bg":"greyXlight","border":"none","height":"2.6rem","variant":"overlay-item-text","borderBottom":"border-thin-greyDark"},"wide-marquee-label":{"margin":"{xs} auto","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"wide-marquee-title":{"p":{"_":"{xs}","sm":"0.75rem {m}","\u003csm":"0.75rem 1rem"},"bg":"white","display":{"_":"block","sm":"unset"},"variant":"headline-secondary","color":"greyXXXdark","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"authors-bio-wrapper":{"borderTop":"border-thin-greyXXdark","marginTop":"l"},"checkbox-error-text":{"variant":"small-specs-error-text-primary"},"checkbox-label-text":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"collapsible-section":{"marginBottom":"0"},"feed-product-button":{"mb":"xs","variant":"button-primary"},"footer-fixed-button":{"variant":"button-text"},"form-input-required":{"color":"globalColorError","variant":"overlay-item-text"},"search-input-button":{"variant":"button-contained","marginTop":"0","marginLeft":"xxs"},"share-social-button":{"\u0026img":{"primary":"white"}},"side-panel-sub-menu":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"sidepanel-close-btn":{"border":"0"},"author-bio-job-title":{"variant":"byline-secondary","marginTop":"xs","mb":"xxs","opacity":"0.7"},"author-bio-read-more":{"pb":"0.05rem","pt":"0.05rem","color":"black","\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary","backgroundSize":"0"},"variant":"body-secondary","fontSize":"font-size-16","backgroundSize":"0 0","backgroundImage":"linear-gradient( to bottom, #F5F5F5, #F5F5F5)","backgroundRepeat":"repeat-x","backgroundPosition":"0 100%"},"big-story-feed-block":{"bg":"greyXlight","a":{"mb":"m","\u003e div":{"mb":"0"}},"h2":{"pb":"0","pt":"xxs"},"pb":{"lg":"2.5rem","md":"1.5625rem"},"pt":{"lg":"m","md":"1.5625rem","sm":"xs","\u003csm":"0"},"div":{"mb":"0"}},"byline-enhanced-icon":{"primary":"greyXXdark"},"content-header-title":{"marginY":"s","variant":"headline-tertiary","color":"greyXXXdark"},"footer-fixed-content":{"variant":"body-primary"},"footer-social-button":{"width":"iconSize.xs","height":"iconSize.xs","primary":"white"},"form-select-required":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-text-area-field":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"photo-credit-divider":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-secondary","pl":"0","color":"greyXXdark"},"search-nav-container":{"div":{"border":"0","borderBottom":"border-none-transparent","\u0026:focus-within":{"outline":"0"},"bg":"black"},"borderBottom":"border-xs-white","top":{"lg":"3rem","xxs:md":"3.5rem"}},"search-results-count":{"variant":"body-primary"},"skip-to-content-link":{"border":"border-medium-white","variant":"button-quaternary","boxShadow":"0 0 0 3px #55adff"},"syndicated-link-link":{"variant":"body-primary"},"syndicated-link-text":{"variant":"body-primary"},"text-block-container":{"p":"0 {s}","bg":"bg-block-content-text"},"wide-marquee-content":{"m":"0 auto","bottom":"0","display":"flex","textAlign":"center","justifyContent":"center"},"account-dropdown-menu":{"border":"border-thin-greyXXXdark","boxShadow":"0 10px 16px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24)"},"byline-enhanced-label":{"mt":"xs","variant":"byline-secondary"},"nav-bar-top-list-item":{"padding":{"_":"0 {l} 0 {m}","lg\u003e":"0 {m} 0 {m}"},"variant":"button-secondary"},"nav-bar-top-list-link":{"color":{"_":"inherit","smd\u003e":"inherit"},"\u0026:hover":{"textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"lineHeight":"2.58918","transition":"outline 0.3s ease-in-out, outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out"},"nav-side-panel-button":{"\u0026 img":{"width":"iconSize.l","height":"iconSize.l"},"\u0026 svg":{"width":"iconSize.l","height":"iconSize.l"},"padding":{"md":"0.5rem {xs} 0.5rem {xs}","\u003cmd":"0.5rem {xxxs} 0.5rem {xs}","xxs":"0.5rem {xxxs} 0.5rem 0"}},"photo-credit-creditor":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-secondary","color":"greyXXdark"},"popover-avatar-button":{"bg":"bg-avatar","color":"text-avatar","border":"border-avatar","variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"account-dropdown-links":{"bg":"white","\u0026:hover":{"textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"variant":"button-secondary","transition":"outline 0.3s ease-in-out, outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out"},"custom-item-title-text":{"my":"0","variant":"title-primary"},"load-more-button-saved":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"photo-credit-copyright":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-secondary","color":"greyXXdark"},"popover-label-headline":{"variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"search-input-container":{},"search-nav-button-icon":{"border":"0","\u0026:hover":{"border":"0"},"\u0026:focus-visible":{"outlineColor":"white"}},"search-nav-input-field":{"variant":"button-secondary","color":"white"},"side-panel-search-text":{"color":"sidepanel-text","variant":"menu-primary"},"sponsor-logo-separator":{"p":"0 {xs} 0 {s}","color":"greyXXXdark","variant":"ad-text-primary"},"byline-enhanced-wrapper":{"span":{"display":"inherit"},"display":"flex","flexWrap":"wrap","marginTop":"0","alignItems":"center","justifyContent":"center"},"dropdown-label-headline":{"variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"dropdown-menu-item-link":{"textTransform":"capitalize"},"feed-product-custom-tag":{"variant":"label-tag-primary"},"field-message-container":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select-multi-value":{"p":"0.2rem","bg":"greyLight","marginY":"0","variant":"specs-item-primary"},"form-select-placeholder":{"p":"0","variant":"overlay-item-text","lineHeight":"lineheight-max"},"load-more-button-author":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"vertical-playlist-title":{"display":"block","fontSize":"font-size-15","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","textTransform":"uppercase"},"watch-next-player-title":{"variant":"label-tag-primary","m":"{m} auto","display":"block"},"wide-marquee-title-only":{"variant":"headline-secondary"},"breadcrumbs-link-section":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-link-primary"},"breadcrumbs-list-section":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-primary","marginTop":"-{m}","textAlign":"center","marginBottom":"m"},"collapsible-icon-wrapper":{"width":"iconSize.l","border":"border-thin-greyXdark","height":"iconSize.l","padding":"0.4rem","marginRight":"xs","borderRadius":"50%"},"collapsible-section-text":{"\u003e p":{"marginTop":"0"},"width":"100%","variant":"body-primary"},"custom-item-publish-date":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-primary","mt":"xs"},"dropdown-menu-label-item":{"fontWeight":"normal"},"feed-product-description":{"variant":"dek-primary"},"footer-fixed-button-open":{"color":"black"},"form-select-single-value":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"item-dek-statement-block":{"\u0026 ul,li":{"textAlign":"left"},"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"DekPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4"},"load-more-button-overlay":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"media-poster-play-button":{"primary":"white"},"search-input-button-icon":{"primary":"white"},"search-overlay-list-item":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"side-panel-search-button":{"width":"iconSize.xxs","height":"iconSize.xxs"},"byline-enhanced-container":{},"collapsible-header-button":{"bg":"white","width":"100%","border":"0","borderTop":"border-thin-grey","textAlign":"left","paddingTop":"xxs","borderBottom":"none","paddingBottom":"xxs"},"feed-product-info-details":{"margin":{"_":"xs","xlg":"m"},"textAlign":"center"},"load-more-button-listicle":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"newsletter-content-button":{"p":"0.75rem {xl}","variant":"button-contained","flexShrink":"0"},"watch-next-player-wrapper":{"my":"l"},"account-dropdown-container":{"pr":{"_":"0","xxxlg\u003e":"0","sm:xxlg":"2.5rem"}},"item-title-statement-block":{"fontSize":"font-size-20","fontFamily":"HeadlinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"nav-bar-top-list-container":{"borderTop":{"_":"border-thin-greyXlight","smd\u003e":"0"},"borderBottom":{"_":"border-thin-greyXlight","smd\u003e":"0"}},"newsletter-content-wrapper":{"padding":{"\u003cmd":"l","md\u003e":"3rem {l}"},"background":"white"},"author-bio-letter-mark-icon":{},"byline-enhanced-author-name":{"variant":"byline-secondary"},"content-header-publish-date":{"ml":"xs","variant":"byline-secondary"},"embedded-product-price-text":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"footer-affiliate-disclosure":{"lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"},"footer-legal-menu-item-link":{"paddingRight":"m"},"newsletter-content-headline":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-40","md":"font-size-38","\u003csm":"font-size-30"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"newsletter-feedpage-wrapper":{"py":"2.5rem","form":{"\u003e div":{"alignItems":{"sm":"flex-start","\u003csm":"center"}},"alignItems":"flex-start"},"width":"100%"},"skip-to-section-link-anchor":{"a":{"transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"a:hover":{"color":"greyXdark"},"variant":"button-secondary"},"dropdown-link-list-collapsed":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"vertical-playlist-item-title":{"fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"wide-marquee-label-container":{},"feed-product-button-container":{"marginY":"xs"},"footer-fixed-button-collapsed":{"color":"black"},"newsletter-content-email-icon":{"primary":"greyXXXdark"},"newsletter-feedpage-container":{"margin":"center","padding":{"lg":"0","md":"tablet-gutter","xxs":"mobile-gutter"},"maxWidth":"75rem"},"search-overlay-list-container":{"boxShadow":"shadow-modal"},"watch-next-player-video-title":{"variant":"title-tertiary","color":"greyXXXdark"},"location-choice-menu-item-link":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"newsletter-content-back-button":{"p":"0.75rem {xl}","variant":"button-contained"},"content-header-title-left-right":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-48","md":"font-size-29","\u003csm":"font-size-40","xlg":"font-size-52"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","xlg":"lineheight-xs"},"color":"greyXXXdark","variant":"headline-tertiary"},"dropdown-menu-item-arrow-button":{"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"nav-bar-top-list-link-highlight":{"textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"newsletter-content-sub-headline":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-20","\u003csm":"font-size-18"},"fontFamily":"DekPrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-md"}},"author-bio-bio-job-title-wrapper":{},"byline-enhanced-author-job-title":{"mt":"xs","variant":"byline-secondary","marginLeft":{"sm":"xs","\u003csm":"xxs"},"paddingLeft":{"sm":"xxs","\u003csm":"xxs"},"opacity":"0.7"},"content-header-by-line-container":{"mb":"xs","pr":"xxs","span":{"display":"inline-block","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg","fontFamily":"primary"},"variant":"byline-secondary","color":"greyXXXdark"},"custom-item-label-big-story-feed":{"display":"inline-block","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"dropdown-contentdropdown-content":{"border":"border-dropdown"},"item-button-text-statement-block":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"dropdown-menu-label-item-username":{"fontWeight":"bold"},"newsletter-feedpage-email-wrapper":{"columnGap":"1rem","alignItems":{"\u003csm":"center","sm\u003e":"flex-end"},"flexDirection":{"_":"column","sm":"row"}},"search-overlay-list-item-selected":{"variant":"overlay-item-text","paddingX":"xxxs"},"location-choice-sub-menu-item-link":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image":{"paddingLeft":{"lg":"0","\u003clg":"s"},"mt":"xxs"},"privacy-disclosure-content-wrapper":{"bg":"neutral-800","[data-theme-key='button-primary']":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"transparent"}}},"skip-to-section-link-nav-container":{"borderTop":"border-thin-grey","borderBottom":"border-thin-grey"},"author-bio-name-job-title-container":{"alignItems":"baseline"},"load-more-button-product-summary-view":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"newsletter-content-footer-terms-of-use":{"margin":"{xs} {m} {m} 0","variant":"ad-text-primary","textAlign":"left"},"content-header-text-left-right-container":{"textAlign":{"md":"center"}},"content-header-left-right-byline-enhanced-container":{"m":"0","maxWidth":"none"},"body-tip":{"border":"border-thin-greyLight","\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-20","md":"font-size-19","\u003csm":"font-size-19"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-lg","md":"lineheight-lg","\u003csm":"lineheight-lg"},"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"color":"greyXXXdark","textAlign":"left","fontWeight":"600","borderColor":"brandColorPrimary"},"list-item":{"\u0026:active":{"bg":"null"}},"pullquote":{"margin":"0","paddingY":"s"},"saved-dek":{"variant":"saved-headline-dek"},"save-button":{"display":"flex","variant":"button-primary","alignItems":"center"},"saved-title":{"variant":"saved-headline-title"},"body-dropcap":{"\u0026:first-letter":{"fontSize":{"_":"font-size-62","lg":"font-size-96"},"fontFamily":"secondary","lineHeight":{"_":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base"},"@-moz-document url-prefix()":{"mt":"xs"},"color":"greyXXXdark"}},"saved-tooltip":{"variant":"small-specs-label-text-primary","textAlign":"left"},"button-primary":{"variant":"button-primary"},"pullquote-text":{"margin":"0","\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"fontSize":{"_":"font-size-26","lg":"font-size-32"},"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","lineHeight":{"_":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm"},"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"900","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-n2"},"saved-headline":{"variant":"saved-headline-primary","textAlign":"center"},"sticky-wrapper":{"mb":{"sm":"m","\u003csm":"s"}},"body-blockquote":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"inherit"},"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-lg","md":"lineheight-lg","\u003csm":"lineheight-lg"},"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"800","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-3","borderLeftColor":"brandColorPrimary"},"saved-link-text":{"p":"{xs} {xl}","variant":"button-text"},"save-button-icon":{"primary":"white"},"saved-item-title":{"variant":"title-primary"},"scroll-down-text":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"star-rating-link":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"saved-item-button":{"border":"border-thin-black","margin":"xs","\u0026:hover":{"border":"border-thin-black","background":"rgba(243, 176, 50, 0.8)"},"background":"brandColorPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"star-rating-value":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"carousel-link-item":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-1"},"saved-folder-title":{"variant":"title-tertiary"},"saved-link-outline":{"p":"{xs} {xl}","variant":"button-outline"},"saved-tooltip-link":{"color":"inherit","\u0026:hover":{"color":"black","textDecorationColor":"border-link-body-hover"},"transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out","textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationColor":"inherit","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"skip-link-products":{"display":"inline-flex","padding":"xs","variant":"button-outline","textAlign":"center","alignItems":"center"},"unsave-button-icon":{"primary":"white"},"link-list-menu-item":{"fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"list-item-contained":{"a:focus-visible":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","borderRadius":"3rem"}},"saved-page-headline":{"variant":"headline-secondary"},"star-rating-wrapper":{"marginY":"xs"},"sticky-list-wrapper":{"li:last-child \u003e a":{"padding":{"\u003csm":"0 {*sizes.primitive-4} 0 {*sizes.primitive-20}"}},"li:last-child \u003e a:after":{"display":"none"},"\u0026 \u003e ul \u003e li:first-of-type":{"marginLeft":{"\u003cxs":"0"}},"\u0026 \u003e ul \u003e li:last-of-type":{"mr":{"\u003csm":"0"},"paddingRight":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-20}"}}},"body-image-container":{"\u0026 a span":{"right":"1rem"}},"embedded-gallery-dek":{"\u0026 p":{"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"DekPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"}},"product-summary-item":{},"saved-button-outline":{"p":"{xs} {m}","variant":"button-outline"},"saved-link-contained":{"p":"{xs} {xl}","variant":"button-contained"},"summary-view-wrapper":{"marginBottom":"xxs"},"overlay-gallery-title":{"variant":"title-tertiary","color":"greyXXXdark"},"sticky-list-container":{"m":{"sm":"0 2.5rem","\u003csm":"0","xxlg":"0 auto"},"bg":"unset","li":{"flex":"1"},"ul":{"pb":"{*sizes.primitive-6}","gap":"0","flex":"1"}},"sticky-list-item-link":{"flex":"1 0","\u0026:after":{"pl":"{*sizes.primitive-20}","color":"gray-400","right":"0","content":"'|'","fontSize":"font-size-12","position":"absolute","fontFamily":"BodySanSerif","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026:hover":{"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","color":"brandColorPrimary"},"padding":"0 {*sizes.primitive-20}","position":"relative","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","justifyContent":"center","color":"neutral-600","fontSize":"font-size-16","fontWeight":"bold","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-2"},"summary-view-headline":{"variant":"title-tertiary"},"editorial-links-header":{"variant":"label-tag-primary","display":"inline-block"},"embedded-gallery-title":{"variant":"title-quaternary","mt":"0"},"embedded-product-title":{"marginY":"xs","variant":"title-quaternary"},"saved-button-contained":{"p":"{xs} {m}","variant":"button-contained"},"saved-item-unsave-icon":{"primary":"black"},"summary-view-container":{"marginY":"m"},"embedded-product-button":{"marginY":"xs","variant":"button-primary"},"saved-item-icon-wrapper":{},"saved-toggle-menu-arrow":{"borderColor":"greyXdark"},"saved-toggle-menu-label":{"color":"greyXdark","variant":"label-header-primary"},"list-item-default-active":{"a":{"\u0026:after":{"fontWeight":"bold","mr":"-3.5px","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"\u0026:before":{"pr":"0","left":"0","width":"100%","bottom":"-29px","content":"''","position":"absolute","borderBottom":"border-msm-brand-primary"},"fontWeight":"bold","color":"black"},"position":"relative","\u0026:last-of-type a::before":{"marginRight":{"\u003csm":"-{*sizes.primitive-16}"},"paddingRight":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-20}"}},"\u0026:first-of-type a::before":{"marginLeft":{"\u003csm":"-{*sizes.primitive-16}"},"paddingRight":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-16}"}},"bg":"brandColorSecondary","ml":"-1.5px","\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary"},"paddingY":"1.8rem"},"overlay-gallery-headline":{"variant":"headline-tertiary"},"social-link-list-tooltip":{"fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"embedded-gallery-carousel":{"mt":"{*sizes.primitive-20}","[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"width":"calc(100% - 100px)","fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-32","md":"font-size-32","\u003csm":"font-size-28"},"textAlign":"left","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"},"fontWeight":"800"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev'],[data-theme-key='carousel-button-next']":{"\u0026:hover":{"\u0026:disabled":{"bg":"zinc-100","border":"border-xxs-grey"}},"\u0026:disabled":{"bg":"zinc-100","border":"border-xxs-grey"}}},"embedded-gallery-headline":{"variant":"title-tertiary","mt":"1.5rem","color":"greyXXXdark"},"embedded-product-discount":{"color":"globalColorDiscount","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","paddingTop":"xxs","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-md"},"saved-recipe-page-wrapper":{"marginBottom":"xl"},"saved-tooltip-button-text":{"color":"greyXXdark","padding":"0","variant":"button-text","marginTop":"0.5rem","backgroundColor":"unset"},"star-rating-stars-wrapper":{"paddingRight":"xxs"},"summary-view-product-info":{},"watch-next-in-body-button":{"variant":"button-contained"},"list-item-contained-active":{"bg":"black","color":"white"},"overlay-gallery-item-title":{"variant":"title-tertiary","m":"{xs} 0"},"saved-menu-panel-list-item":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-16","\u003clg":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","\u003clg":"lineheight-sm"},"letterSpacing":"unset","textTransform":"none"},"saved-recipe-items-wrapper":{"paddingBottom":"l"},"saved-save-modal-list-item":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","letterSpacing":"0"},"star-rating-text-container":{"mr":"xs"},"summary-view-product-brand":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg"},"summary-view-product-title":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-22","md":"font-size-22","\u003csm":"font-size-22"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"},"paddingRight":"xxs","mb":{"md":"{*sizes.primitive-10}","\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-12}"},"mt":"{*sizes.primitive-1}"},"embedded-gallery-custom-tag":{"variant":"label-tag-primary","marginBottom":"xxs"},"embedded-product-custom-tag":{"variant":"label-tag-primary","marginBottom":"xxs","marginX":{"\u003csm":"auto"}},"overlay-gallery-item-credit":{},"product-explorer-intro-text":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"saved-page-headline-wrapper":{"width":"fit-content","margin":"{m} auto 0","text-align":"center"},"saved-recipe-find-more-link":{"p":"{xs} {m}","variant":"button-outline"},"social-link-list-menu-title":{"fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"summary-view-product-button":{"variant":"button-primary"},"embedded-product-description":{"variant":"body-secondary"},"saved-menu-panel-menu-button":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"unset"},"saved-menu-panel-menu-header":{"color":"greyXdark","fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-16","\u003clg":"font-size-16"},"textAlign":"left","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","\u003clg":"lineheight-sm"},"textTransform":"uppercase"},"summary-view-product-wrapper":{"borderBottom":"border-thin-greyDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-info":{"border":{"md\u003e":"border-thin-white"},"padding":{"md\u003e":"s"},"marginBottom":{"md\u003e":"xs"}},"embedded-product-title-center":{"marginY":{"md":"0","\u003csm":"xs"},"variant":"title-quaternary","pb":"xs"},"product-explorer-article-link":{"variant":"button-secondary"},"sticky-list-container-wrapper":{"height":"70px","borderBottom":"border-msm-black"},"sticky-list-left-arrow-button":{"height":"100%","img":{"width":"{*sizes.iconSize.m}"},"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"summary-view-load-more-button":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"summary-view-product-discount":{"color":"globalColorDiscount","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg","paddingTop":"xxs"},"embedded-gallery-image-wrapper":{"\u0026 img":{"marginBottom":"xs"}},"embedded-gallery-product-title":{"variant":"title-quaternary"},"embedded-overlay-product-title":{"mb":"xs","variant":"title-tertiary"},"embedded-product-con-item-icon":{"primary":"greyXdark"},"embedded-product-pro-item-icon":{"primary":"greyXdark"},"recirculation-carousel-section":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontSize":"font-size-28","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-inner-wrapper']":{"ml":"0","mt":{"md":"{*sizes.primitive-24}","\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-14}"}},"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-next'],[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev']":{"\u0026 img":{"width":"iconSize.m","height":"iconSize.m"}}},"saved-folder-modal-button-text":{"mt":"xs","color":"globalColorError","variant":"button-text"},"sticky-list-right-arrow-button":{"height":"calc(100% - 8px)","img":{"width":"{*sizes.iconSize.m}"},"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"summary-view-product-read-more":{"variant":"","marginTop":"xxs","color":"black","\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyXXdark","transition":"all 0.1s ease-in-out"},"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-1","textTransform":"uppercase"},"embedded-gallery-product-button":{"marginY":"xs","variant":"button-primary"},"embedded-overlay-product-button":{"p":"{xs} {m}","bg":"grey","width":"fit-content","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"white"},"marginY":"xs","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","textTransform":"uppercase","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs"},"embedded-product-coupon-wrapper":{"marginY":"0.5rem"},"embedded-product-details-center":{"pl":{"md":"s"}},"embedded-product-key-specs-line":{},"embedded-product-pros-cons-list":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-16","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-lg","md":"lineheight-lg","\u003csm":"lineheight-lg"}},"embedded-product-wrapper-center":{"p":{"md":"s"},"mb":"m","border":{"md":"border-thin-grey"}},"listicle-product-key-specs-line":{},"summary-view-product-custom-tag":{"variant":"label-tag-primary","marginBottom":"xxs"},"carousel-editorial-links-wrapper":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"tertiary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-1"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev'],[data-theme-key='carousel-button-next']":{"top":"0","border":"none","\u0026:hover":{"\u0026:disabled":{"background":"unset"},"background":"unset"},"\u0026:disabled":{"background":"unset"},"background":"unset"}},"embedded-gallery-product-wrapper":{"textAlign":"center"},"embedded-overlay-product-details":{"marginX":{"\u003csm":"0","sm\u003e":"0"}},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-icon":{"mr":"0.5rem","primary":"transparent","secondary":"globalColorDiscount"},"embedded-product-key-specs-table":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"embedded-product-key-specs-title":{"variant":"label-header-primary"},"immersive-toc-sticky-nav-wrapper":{"variant":"immersive-toc","[data-theme-key='carousel-container']":{"ml":{"lg":"auto"},"mr":{"lg":"auto"},"width":{"_":"100%","lg":"55.5625rem","xlg":"64rem"}},"[data-theme-key='collapsible-icon-wrapper']":{"border":"none","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"[data-theme-key='collapsible-section-text']":{"bg":"white","pb":"m","borderBottom":"border-xxs-black"},"[data-theme-key='collapsible-header-button']":{"bg":"neutral-100","pl":{"_":"m","xs":"0"},"gap":{"xs":"0.375rem"},"color":"neutral-800","fontSize":"font-size-28","borderTop":"none","fontFamily":"primary","textTransform":"capitalize","justifyContent":{"_":"space-between","xs":"center"}},"[data-theme-key='carousel-mini-card-heading']":{"mt":"xs"}},"listicle-product-key-specs-table":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"listicle-product-key-specs-title":{"variant":"label-header-primary"},"recirc-module-content-item-title":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"secondary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"embedded-overlay-product-discount":{"color":"white"},"embedded-product-pros-cons-header":{"variant":"label-tertiary","color":"brandColorPrimary"},"product-explorer-load-more-button":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"skip-link-table-of-contents-title":{"width":"fit-content","margin":"0","display":"inline-block","fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg","marginLeft":"xxs","color":"brandColorPrimary"},"summary-view-product-slide-number":{"fontSize":{"_":"font-size-30","lg":"font-size-40"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"bold"},"product-explorer-filter-chip-label":{"variant":"specs-item-primary","fontWeight":"normal"},"embedded-gallery-product-custom-tag":{"display":"inline-block","variant":"label-tag-primary","marginTop":"xxs","marginBottom":"xxs"},"embedded-overlay-product-custom-tag":{"marginY":"xxs","variant":"label-tag-primary-darkbg"},"overlay-gallery-open-gallery-button":{"variant":"button-outline"},"product-explorer-filter-brand-label":{"variant":"menu-primary","fontWeight":"bold","textTransform":"uppercase"},"saved-folder-modal-button-contained":{"mt":"m","variant":"button-contained","minWidth":"16.1875rem"},"saved-menu-panel-search-input-field":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary"},"saved-recipe-find-more-link-wrapper":{"marginTop":"l","marginBottom":"10rem"},"skip-link-table-of-contents-li-item":{"margin":{"_":"{s} 0 0 {xs}","md":"{s} 0"},"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg","a":{"color":"black","\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary"}}},"skip-link-table-of-contents-wrapper":{"bg":{"md":"white","xxs":"greyXlight"},"border":{"md":"border-thin-grey","xxs":"none"},"marginX":{"md":"0","xxs":"-15px"},"marginY":"s","padding":{"md":"{l} {l} 0","xxs":"s"}},"content-header-action-button-wrapper":{"marginTop":"s"},"embedded-gallery-product-description":{"variant":"body-secondary","a.body-btn-link":{"display":"inline-block","marginY":"xs"}},"embedded-overlay-product-description":{"a":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"grey"},"color":"white"},"variant":"body-secondary","a.body-btn-link":{"bg":"grey","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"white","color":"black"}}},"embedded-product-key-specs-container":{},"embedded-product-pros-cons-container":{"mt":"s","pt":"s","borderTop":{"md":"border-thin-grey"}},"listicle-product-key-specs-container":{},"product-explorer-filter-sortby-label":{"variant":"menu-primary","fontWeight":"bold","textTransform":"uppercase"},"summary-view-product-image-container":{},"embedded-overlay-product-slide-number":{"variant":"overlay-item-slide-number-portrait","mb":"xs"},"embedded-product-coupon-button-copied":{"variant":"button-discount-contained"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-info-text":{"mt":"s","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"embedded-product-key-specs-value-item":{"padding":"m"},"immersive-toc-carousel-container-body":{"variant":"immersive-toc","borderTop":"border-xxs-black","borderBottom":"border-xxs-black"},"listicle-product-key-specs-value-item":{"padding":"m"},"summary-view-product-button-container":{"marginY":{"lg":"0","md":"xs","xxs":"xs"}},"embedded-overlay-product-con-item-icon":{"primary":"white"},"embedded-overlay-product-pro-item-icon":{"primary":"white"},"embedded-product-coupon-button-default":{"variant":"button-discount-outline"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-info-label":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"embedded-product-key-specs-value-label":{},"listicle-product-key-specs-value-label":{},"product-explorer-filter-chip-container":{"p":"0.4rem","bg":"greyLight","borderRadius":"xxxs"},"embedded-gallery-product-pros-cons-list":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-14","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-lg","\u003csm":"lineheight-lg"}},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-wrapper":{"marginY":"0.5rem","alignItems":"start"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-line":{},"embedded-overlay-product-pros-cons-list":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-16","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xxlg","\u003csm":"lineheight-xxlg"}},"watch-next-player-inner-wrapper-in-body":{"border":"border-none-transparent","marginY":"m","borderTop":"border-xxs-brand-primary","borderBottom":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"content-header-left-right-button-wrapper":{"display":"flex","justifyContent":"center"},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-tag-icon":{"mr":"0.5rem","primary":"transparent","secondary":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-table":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-title":{"variant":"label-header-primary"},"photo-credit-figcaption-embedded-overlay":{"span":{"color":"white"}},"embedded-gallery-product-pros-cons-header":{"variant":"label-tertiary","color":"brandColorPrimary"},"embedded-overlay-product-button-container":{"alignItems":{"\u003csm":"unset"},"width":"fit-content"},"product-explorer-filter-header-placeholder":{"variant":"overlay-item-text","lineHeight":"2rem","letterSpacing":"0"},"recirc-module-stacked-carousel-item-heading":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"},"letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-2"},"embedded-gallery-product-pros-cons-container":{"borderTop":{"md":"none"}},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-container":{},"embedded-overlay-product-pros-cons-container":{"borderTop":{"md":"none"}},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-button-copied":{"variant":"button-discount-contained-OnDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-value-item":{"padding":"m"},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-button-default":{"variant":"button-discount-outline-OnDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-value-label":{"textAlign":"left"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-info-label-wrapper":{"mb":"xs"},"saved-folder-confirmation-modal-button-outline":{"mt":"xs","variant":"button-outline"},"recirc-module-stacked-carousel-section-container":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontSize":"font-size-24","fontFamily":"HeadlinePrimary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-2"}},"saved-folder-confirmation-modal-button-contained":{"mt":"m","variant":"button-contained","minWidth":"16.1875rem"},"link-body-primary":{"color":"brandColorPrimary","\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyXXdark"},"fontWeight":"bold"},"spotlight-logo-link":{"height":"3rem","display":"flex","alignItems":"center"},"wide-marquee-header":{"mb":"0"},"search-nav-close-icon":{"primary":"white","\u0026:focus-visible":{"outlineColor":"white"}},"search-nav-input-icon":{"primary":"white","\u0026:focus-visible":{"outlineColor":"white"}},"search-nav-input-field-placeholder":{"color":"white"},"title-design-element-watch-next-header-after":{"\u0026:after":{"bg":"greyXXXdark","ml":"1.8rem","mt":"m","width":"1.5rem","height":"0.063rem","content":"''","display":"flex"}},"opinion-label-text":{"color":"greyXXXdark","fontFamily":"primary"},"editorial-links-wrapper":{"p":{"xs":"m","\u003cxs":"{m} 0"},"border":"border-none-transparent"},"editorial-links-list-item":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"bold","borderBottom":"border-xxs-brand-primary","paddingBottom":"m"},"overlay-gallery-item-meta":{"p":{"md":"{s}","sm":"{s} 0"}},"watch-next-player-title-in-body":{"p":"1rem 0 {xxxs}","color":"greyXXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"uppercase"},"summary-view-product-title-anchor":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyXXdark"}},"summary-view-product-read-more-arrow":{"height":"0.75rem","primary":["black","greyXXdark"],"marginTop":"0.05rem"},"watch-next-player-video-title-in-body":{"color":"greyXXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-16","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs"},"watch-next-player-text-container-in-body":{"padding":"0"},"embedded-overlay-product-pros-cons-header":{"mt":"xs","variant":"label-tertiary"},"embedded-gallery-carousel-product-custom-tag":{"marginX":"auto","variant":"label-tag-primary","marginBottom":"xxs"},"table-of-contents-title-place-holder":{"height":"{*space.m}","outline":"none"}},"borders":{"border-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-avatar":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-rating":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorRating}","border-m-black":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid black","border-m-white":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid white","border-s-black":"{*borderWidths.border-s} solid black","border-s-white":"{*borderWidths.border-s} solid white","border-xs-grey":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-discount":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorDiscount}","border-dropdown":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-lg-black":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid black","border-lg-white":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid white","border-ml-black":"{*borderWidths.border-ml} solid black","border-mlg-grey":"{*borderWidths.border-mlg} solid {*colors.grey}","border-xs-black":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid black","border-xs-white":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid white","border-xxs-grey":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-mlg-black":"{*borderWidths.border-mlg} solid black","border-thin-grey":"thin solid {*colors.grey}","border-xxs-black":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid black","border-xxs-white":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid white","border-thin-black":"thin solid black","border-thin-white":"thin solid white","border-informative":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-medium-grey":"medium solid {*colors.grey}","button-border-thin":"thin solid","border-medium-black":"medium solid black","border-medium-white":"medium solid white","border-xxs-greyDark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-lg-greyXlight":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-thin-greyDark":"thin solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-xxs-greyLight":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-xxs-greyXdark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXdark}","border-button-outline":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-lg-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid transparent","border-thin-greyLight":"thin solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-thin-greyXdark":"thin solid {*colors.greyXdark}","border-xs-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid transparent","border-xxs-greyXXdark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXXdark}","border-xxs-greyXlight":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-link-body-hover":"border-thin-brandColorPrimary","border-thin-greyXXdark":"thin solid {*colors.greyXXdark}","border-thin-greyXlight":"thin solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-xxs-greyXXXdark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXXXdark}","border-xxs-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid transparent","border-form-input-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-radio-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-large-greyXlight":"0.6rem solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-medium-greyLight":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-none-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-none} solid transparent","border-thin-greyXXXdark":"thin solid {*colors.greyXXXdark}","border-thin-transparent":"thin solid transparent","border-xxs-dotted-black":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} dotted black","border-form-select-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-large-transparent":"0.6rem solid transparent","border-thin-dashed-black":"thin dashed black","border-form-input-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-radio-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-checkbox-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-input-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-input-selected":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-radio-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-select-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-textarea-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-button-outline-hover":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-select-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-select-selected":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-checkbox-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-textarea-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-checkbox-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-textarea-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-textarea-selected":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-msm-black":"{*sizes.primitive-4} solid {*colors.black}","border-msm-brand-primary":"{*sizes.primitive-4} solid {*colors.brandColorPrimary}","border-xxs-brand-primary":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.brandColorPrimary}"},"shadows":{"shadow-grey":"0 0.188rem 0.188rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)","shadow-modal":"0 0.2rem 0.6rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)","shadow-greyXdark":"0 0.063rem 0.063rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25)"},"outlines":{"outline-focus-black":"{*sizes.outlineWidths.outline-xs} dotted {*colors.black}","outline-focus-white":"{*sizes.outlineWidths.outline-xs} dotted {*colors.white}","outline-focus-transparent":"{*sizes.outlineWidths.outline-xs} dotted transparent"},"variants":{"body-l":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-24","md":"font-size-22","\u003csm":"font-size-22"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"body-m":{"fontSize":"font-size-19","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg"},"body-s":{"fontSize":"font-size-18","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-xl":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-36","md":"font-size-28","\u003csm":"font-size-28"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"body-xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-2xl":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-80","md":"font-size-60","\u003csm":"font-size-60"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base","\u003csm":"lineheight-base"}},"body-2xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-3xl":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-96","md":"font-size-60","\u003csm":"font-size-60"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base","\u003csm":"lineheight-base"}},"body-3xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-4xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-2xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-13","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-3xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-4xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"ad-wrapper":{"minHeight":{"_":"523px","md":"138px"}},"chip-label":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"headline-l":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-28","md":"font-size-24","\u003csm":"font-size-24"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-m":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-24","md":"font-size-22","\u003csm":"font-size-22"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-s":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-22","md":"font-size-20","\u003csm":"font-size-20"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"}},"button-text":{"bg":"transparent","color":"black","width":"auto","\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","outlineOffset":"{*sizes.outlineOffset.outline-offset-s}"},"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyXXdark","background":"none","textDecorationColor":"greyXXdark"},"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","textTransform":"uppercase","textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"dek-primary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"600"},"headline-xl":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-36","md":"font-size-28","\u003csm":"font-size-28"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-xs":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-20","md":"font-size-18","\u003csm":"font-size-18"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"}},"body-primary":{"\u0026 em":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"BodyPrimary"},"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","fontWeight":"bold"},"fontSize":"font-size-19","fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg"},"headline-2xl":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-48","md":"font-size-36","\u003csm":"font-size-36"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-2xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"headline-3xl":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-60","md":"font-size-48","\u003csm":"font-size-48"},"lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"}},"headline-3xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"menu-primary":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"label-primary":{"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","textTransform":"uppercase"},"title-primary":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontSize":{"_":"font-size-32","\u003csm":"font-size-24"},"fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":{"_":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs"}},"body-secondary":{"\u0026 em":{"fontStyle":"italic","fontFamily":"BodyTertiary"},"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"},"button-outline":{"bg":"white","color":"black","width":"auto","border":"border-thin-black","\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","outlineOffset":"{*sizes.outlineOffset.outline-offset-s}"},"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"greyLight","border":"border-thin-black"},"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","svg \u003e path":{"fill":"black"},"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","borderRadius":"0","textTransform":"uppercase","textDecoration":"none","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"button-primary":{"p":"{xs} {m}","bg":"brandColorPrimary","color":"white","width":"auto","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"greyXXdark"},"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","textTransform":"uppercase","padding":"0.75rem","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"byline-primary":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"secondary","color":"greyXXXdark","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"capitalize"},"menu-secondary":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"title-tertiary":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-30","md":"font-size-28","\u003csm":"font-size-26"},"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md","\u003csm":"lineheight-md"},"fontWeight":"900"},"ad-text-primary":{"a":{"color":"inherit","\u0026:hover":{"color":"color-link-body-hover","textDecorationColor":"border-link-body-hover"},"transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out","textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationColor":"inherit","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"none","color":"greyXXXdark"},"title-secondary":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary"},"button-contained":{"bg":"brandColorPrimary","color":"white","width":"auto","border":"border-thin-transparent","\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","outlineOffset":"{*sizes.outlineOffset.outline-offset-s}"},"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"greyXXdark","border":"border-thin-transparent"},"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","borderRadius":"0","textTransform":"uppercase","textDecoration":"none","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"button-secondary":{"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-10","textTransform":"uppercase"},"headline-primary":{"fontFamily":"HeadlinePrimary","fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-70","md":"font-size-52","\u003csm":"font-size-48"},"textAlign":"center","fontWeight":"600","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-base"},"textTransform":"uppercase"},"nav-with-sponsor":{"bg":"white","borderBottom":"border-thin-grey"},"title-quaternary":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-18","md":"font-size-18","\u003csm":"font-size-18"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md","\u003csm":"lineheight-md"},"fontWeight":"800"},"button-quaternary":{"p":"{xs} {m}","bg":"black","width":"auto","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"AdTextPrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","borderRadius":"l"},"headline-tertiary":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-44","md":"font-size-35","\u003csm":"font-size-24","xlg":"font-size-44"},"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","xlg":"lineheight-xs"},"fontWeight":"900"},"label-tag-primary":{"bg":"none","width":"fit-content","padding":"{xxxs} {xs}","fontSize":"font-size-13","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg","textTransform":"uppercase","px":"0","color":"brandColorPrimary","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4"},"overlay-item-text":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md"},"headline-secondary":{"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","textTransform":"capitalize","fontSize":{"_":"font-size-32","\u003csm":"font-size-24"},"fontWeight":"900","lineHeight":{"_":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"},"letterSpacing":{"_":"letter-spacing-2","\u003csm":"letter-spacing-n2"}},"saved-headline-dek":{"fontSize":"font-size-19","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"specs-item-primary":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-16","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-lg","md":"lineheight-lg","\u003csm":"lineheight-lg"}},"spotlight-hed-dark":{"bg":"white"},"breadcrumbs-primary":{"color":"greyXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md"},"byline-link-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"black","textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"item-big-story-feed":{"p":"0","textAlign":"center","bg":"white","border":{"sm":"border-xxs-brand-primary","\u003csm":"border-none-transparent"}},"spotlight-hed-light":{"bg":"white","\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary","transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"}},"subheadline-primary":{"fontFamily":"SubheadlinePrimary","fontSize":{"_":"font-size-20","\u003csm":"font-size-16"},"textAlign":"center","lineHeight":{"_":"lineheight-lg","\u003csm":"lineheight-md"}},"label-header-primary":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-18","md":"font-size-18","\u003csm":"font-size-22"},"fontFamily":"primary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md","\u003csm":"lineheight-md"}},"saved-headline-title":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-28","\u003csm":"font-size-24"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"}},"spotlight-label-dark":{"bg":"brandColorPrimary","color":"white","padding":{"sm":"{xxs} {s}","\u003csm":"{xxs} {s}"}},"dropdown-text-primary":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg","textTransform":"capitalize"},"spotlight-label-light":{"bg":"brandColorPrimary","color":"white","padding":{"sm":"{xxs} {s}","\u003csm":"{xxs} {s}"}},"ad-leaderboard-wrapper":{"minHeight":{"md":"121px"}},"saved-headline-primary":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-28","\u003csm":"font-size-24"},"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"}},"button-discount-outline":{"bg":"unset","color":"text-discount","border":"unset","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount","border":"unset"},"outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenDark}","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","textTransform":"uppercase"},"breadcrumbs-link-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"black","textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","textDecoration":"underline","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"button-load-more-primary":{"bg":"white","color":"black","width":"100%","border":"border-thin-black","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"brandColorPrimary","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","borderRadius":"xxxs","textTransform":"uppercase","fontWeight":"800"},"byline-lowercase-primary":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"lowercase"},"byline-uppercase-primary":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"uppercase"},"item-content-four-across":{"bg":"bg-block-content-four-across"},"label-tag-primary-darkbg":{"bg":"greyXXXdark","color":"white","width":"fit-content","padding":"{xxxs} {xs}","fontSize":"font-size-13","textAlign":"center","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-max","textTransform":"uppercase"},"button-discount-contained":{"bg":"bg-discount","border":"unset","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount","border":"unset"},"outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenDark}","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","textTransform":"uppercase"},"byline-capitalize-primary":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-content-three-column":{"bg":"bg-block-content-three-col"},"item-image-link-big-story":{"mb":"0"},"item-imageright-big-story":{"bg":"white","pl":"0","border":{"sm":"border-xxs-brand-primary","\u003csm":"border-none-transparent"},"div img":{"minHeight":"auto"}},"item-content-big-story-feed":{"bg":"white","h2":{"pb":{"lg":"s","md":"xs","\u003csm":"xxxs"},"pt":{"sm":"xs","\u003csm":"xs"}},"borderX":{"\u003cxs":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem {l}","md":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"},"borderBottom":{"\u003cxs":"border-xxs-brand-primary"}},"item-content-under-big-story":{"bg":"white","textAlign":"center","padding":{"lg":"3.5rem 7rem","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"}},"item-imageright-ad-big-story":{"bg":"white","border":{"lg":"border-none-transparent","sm":"border-xxs-brand-primary","\u003csm":"border-none-transparent"}},"byline-transform-none-primary":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"none"},"button-discount-outline-OnDark":{"bg":"unset","color":"text-discount-onDark","border":"unset","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount-onDark","border":"unset"},"outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenLight}","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","textTransform":"uppercase"},"item-content-noimage-big-story":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-noimage","padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"},"textAlign":"center"},"item-image-link-big-story-feed":{"marginBottom":"0"},"small-specs-error-text-primary":{"color":"globalColorError","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6"},"small-specs-label-text-primary":{"color":"greyXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","textTransform":"none"},"item-content-under-ad-big-story":{"bg":"white","textAlign":"center","padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"}},"button-discount-contained-OnDark":{"bg":"bg-discount-onDark","border":"unset","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount-onDark","border":"unset"},"outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenLight}","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","textTransform":"uppercase"},"small-specs-label-text-secondary":{"color":"greyXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","textTransform":"none"},"item-content-imageright-big-story":{"bg":"white","borderX":{"\u003cxs":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"padding":{"lg":"0 4rem","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"l"},"textAlign":"center","borderBottom":{"\u003cxs":"border-xxs-brand-primary"}},"item-content-noimage-ad-big-story":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-noimage-ad","padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"},"textAlign":"center"},"item-imagelink-imageright-big-story":{"mb":"0"},"item-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"textAlign":"center"},"item-content-imageright-ad-big-story":{"bg":"white","border":{"lg":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"borderX":{"\u003cxs":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem","sm":"0 2rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem","smd":"{m} 7rem"},"textAlign":"center","borderBottom":{"\u003cxs":"border-xxs-brand-primary"}},"item-imagelink-imageright-ad-big-story":{"mb":"0"},"item-dek-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"0","md":"0"}},"item-dek-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"0","md":"0"}},"item-dek-noimage-feature-ad-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"0","md":"0"}},"item-dek-stacked-feature-ad-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"0","md":"0"}},"item-content-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-feature","h2":{"pb":{"lg":"s","md":"xs","\u003csm":"xxxs"},"pt":{"sm":"xs","\u003csm":"xs"}},"padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"},"textAlign":{"sm":"center","\u003csm":"center"}},"item-content-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"bg":"white","h2":{"pb":{"lg":"xs","md":"xs","\u003csm":"xxxs"},"pt":{"lg":"xs","sm":"xs","\u003csm":"xs"}},"borderX":"border-xxs-brand-primary","padding":{"lg":"{m} 7rem {l}","sm":"{l} 2.5rem","\u003csm":"1.5rem 2rem"},"borderBottom":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"item-content-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-basefeed","p":{"lg":"{s} 0 {s}","sm":"{s} 0 {xs}","\u003csm":"{s} 0 {xs}"},"h2":{"pb":{"\u003csm":"xs"},"pr":"xs","display":{"sm":"inline-block"},"verticalAlign":"baseline"},"textAlign":{"sm":"left","\u003csm":"center"},"borderBottom":"border-xxs-grey"},"item-content-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-basefeed","p":"s"},"item-dek-column-right-feature-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"0","md":"0"}},"item-dek-column-right-feature-ad-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"0","md":"0"}},"item-content-column-right-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-basefeed","p":{"lg":"0 {xs} 0 0","md":"s","sm":"s","\u003cxs":"xs"}},"immersive-toc":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontSize":"font-size-28","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg","textTransform":"capitalize"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-item']":{"pr":"s"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-mini-card-dek']":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textDecoration":"underline"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-mini-card-heading']":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"none"}},"button-cta-link-overlay":{"a.body-btn-link":{"bg":"grey","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"white","color":"black"}},"a":{"color":"white"}},"button-cta-link-embed-gallery":{"a.body-btn-link":{"bg":"brandColorPrimary","mt":"xxs","\u0026:hover":{"bg":"greyXXXdark","color":"white"},"display":"inline-block","marginY":"xs"}},"four-across-block-longform-article":{"\u0026:not(:first-of-type)":{"pt":{"md":"0","\u003cmd":"0"},"gridRowGap":{"md":"xs","\u003cmd":"0"}}},"four-across-block-standard-article":{"\u0026:not(:first-of-type)":{"pt":{"md":"0","\u003cmd":"0"},"gridRowGap":{"md":"xs","\u003cmd":"0"}}},"left-align-byline":{"mr":"xs"},"breadcrumb-left-align":{"padding":{"lg":"1.25rem 0 0","md":"1.25rem 0 0","sm":"1.25rem 0 0 0","smd":"1.25rem 0 0","xlg":"1.25rem 0 0","xxlg":"1.25rem 0 0","xxxlg":"1.25rem 0 0"},"paddingLeft":{"sm":"0","xs":"0","xxs":"0"}},"left-align-content-dek":{"textAlign":"left"},"left-align-action-block":{"alignItems":"flex-start"},"left-align-publish-date":{"ml":"0"},"repositioned-disclaimer":{"pl":{"md:smd":"3.5rem"},"pr":{"md:smd":"3.5rem"},"\u0026 p":{"padding":"0","textAlign":"center"},"width":"auto","maxWidth":{"md:smd":"45.25rem"},"margin":"{xs} {0}"},"content-header-text-only":{"margin":{"lg":"0 auto","md":"0 auto","sm":"0 1rem","smd":"0","xlg":"0 auto","xxlg":"0 auto","xxxlg":"auto"},"padding":{"lg":"0 1rem","md":"0 1rem","sm":"0","smd":"0 1rem","xlg":"0 1rem","xxlg":"0 1rem","xxxlg":"0 1rem"},"maxWidth":{"lg":"40.25rem","md":"40.25rem","smd":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)","xlg":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)","xxlg":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)","xxxlg":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)"},"textAlign":"left","marginLeft":{"lg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","smd":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","xlg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","xxlg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","xxxlg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)) / 2)"}},"content-header-text-only-embedded":{"margin":{"lg":"0 auto","md":"0 auto","sm":"0 1rem","smd":"0","xlg":"0 auto","xxlg":"0 auto","xxxlg":"auto"},"padding":{"lg":"0 1rem","md":"0 1rem","sm":"0","smd":"0 1rem","xlg":"0 1rem","xxlg":"0 1rem","xxxlg":"0 1rem"},"maxWidth":{"lg":"40.25rem","md":"40.25rem","smd":"40.25rem","xlg":"40.25rem","xxlg":"40.25rem","xxxlg":"40.25rem"},"textAlign":"left","marginLeft":{"lg":"calc((100vw - 59.625rem) / 2)","smd":"calc((100vw - 40.225rem) / 2)","xlg":"calc((100vw - 58.825rem) / 2)","xxlg":"calc((100vw - 57.025rem) / 2)","xxxlg":"calc((100vw - 42rem) / 2)"}},"left-align-enhanced-byline-wrapper":{"display":"inline-block"},"left-align-enhanced-byline-container":{"margin":"0"},"item-big-story":{"bg":"white","border":{"sm":"border-xxs-brand-primary","\u003csm":"border-none-transparent"},"borderX":{"\u003csm":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"borderBottom":{"\u003csm":"border-xxs-brand-primary"}},"label-tertiary":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-3","textTransform":"uppercase"},"byline-secondary":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"800","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"block-heading-4-across":{"mb":{"\u003csmd":"1rem"}},"item-noimage-big-story":{"bg":"white","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"item-title-four-across":{"color":"greyXXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-title-three-column":{"color":"white","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-byline-three-column":{"color":"white"},"item-header-three-column":{"mb":{"sm":"1.563rem","\u003csm":"1.563rem"}},"item-heading-three-column":{"fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-32","md":"font-size-28","\u003csm":"font-size-30"},"textAlign":{"_":"left","\u003csm":"center"},"fontWeight":"300","lineHeight":{"lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","\u003csm":"lineheight-sm"},"letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4"},"item-noimage-ad-big-story":{"bg":"white","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"item-title-big-story-feed":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontWeight":"bold"},"three-column-block-column":{"a":{"mb":"m","\u003e div":{"mb":"0"},"border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"h2 a":{"border":"border-none-transparent","\u0026:hover":{"color":"grey"}}},"item-byline-big-story-feed":{"pt":"xs"},"item-title-ad-three-column":{"color":"white","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-byline-ad-three-column":{"color":"white"},"item-byline-under-big-story":{"pt":"xs"},"item-byline-noimage-big-story":{"pt":"xs"},"item-byline-under-ad-big-story":{"pt":"xs"},"item-publish-date-three-column":{"color":"white","display":"flex"},"item-byline-imageright-big-story":{"pt":"xs"},"item-byline-noimage-ad-big-story":{"pt":"xs"},"item-byline-column-big-story-feed":{"pt":"xxs"},"item-publish-date-ad-three-column":{"color":"white","display":"flex"},"item-byline-imageright-ad-big-story":{"pt":"xs"},"item-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"bg":"white","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"item-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"white","mt":"s","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"item-column-right-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"white","border":"border-xxs-brand-primary"},"item-title-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontWeight":"bold"},"item-title-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontWeight":"bold"},"item-byline-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"pt":"xs"},"item-byline-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"pt":"xs"},"item-label-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"m":{"sm":"{xs} 0 0","\u003csm":"{xs} auto 0"},"display":"block"},"item-label-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"pt":"0","margin":"auto auto {xs}","display":"block"},"item-title-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-title-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"color":"greyXXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-byline-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"pt":"xxs"},"item-column-right-basefeed-ad-big-story-feed":{"bg":"white","mt":{"sm":"s","\u003csm":"0"},"div":{"p":"s"},"border":"border-xxs-brand-primary","span div":{"p":"0"}},"item-label-column-right-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"pt":"0","margin":"auto auto {xs}","display":"block"},"item-title-column-right-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"color":"greyXXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"item-publish-date-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"pt":"xs"},"item-title-column-right-basefeed-ad-big-story-feed":{"color":"greyXXXdark","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"capitalize"},"overlay-item-slide-number-portrait":{"color":"white","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"overlay-item-slide-number-landscape":{"color":"white","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontFamily":"primary","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"}},"elevation":{"nav":"6000000","base":"0","gate":"14000000","drawer":"8000000","raised":"2000000","subnav":"4000000","sunken":"-2000000","overlay":"10000000","floating":"12000000"},"fontSizes":{"font-size-11":"0.001","font-size-12":"0.170157","font-size-13":"0.36758","font-size-14":"0.55034","font-size-15":"0.72049","font-size-16":"0.879669","font-size-17":"1.02919","font-size-18":"1.17016","font-size-19":"1.3035","font-size-20":"1.43","font-size-21":"1.55034","font-size-22":"1.66507","font-size-23":"1.7747","font-size-24":"1.87967","font-size-25":"1.98035","font-size-26":"2.07708","font-size-27":"2.17016","font-size-28":"2.25985","font-size-29":"2.3464","font-size-30":"2.43001","font-size-31":"2.51088","font-size-32":"2.58918","font-size-33":"2.66507","font-size-34":"2.7387","font-size-35":"2.81019","font-size-36":"2.87967","font-size-37":"2.94724","font-size-38":"3.01301","font-size-39":"3.07708","font-size-40":"3.13952","font-size-41":"3.20042","font-size-42":"3.25985","font-size-43":"3.31788","font-size-44":"3.37458","font-size-45":"3.43001","font-size-46":"3.48422","font-size-47":"3.53726","font-size-48":"3.58918","font-size-49":"3.64003","font-size-50":"3.68986","font-size-52":"3.78659","font-size-54":"3.87967","font-size-56":"3.96936","font-size-58":"4.05591","font-size-60":"4.13952","font-size-62":"4.22039","font-size-64":"4.29869","font-size-70":"4.5197","font-size-80":"4.84903","font-size-96":"5.29869","font-size-112":"5.67887"},"scaleRatio":1.5,"lineHeights":{"lg":"1.4","md":"1.3","sm":"1.2","xs":"1.1","xlg":"1.5","xxs":"1","large":"1.5","small":"1.2","medium":"1.3","normal":{"size":"10","minLinePadding":"5","roundToNearestHalfLine":"false"},"lineheight-lg":"1.4","lineheight-md":"1.3","lineheight-sm":"1.2","lineheight-xs":"1.1","lineheight-max":"2","lineheight-xlg":"1.5","lineheight-base":"1","lineheight-xxlg":"1.6","lineheight-xxxlg":"1.8","lineheight-xsmall":"0.9","lineheight-xxsmall":"0.8"},"borderWidths":{"thin":"0.0625rem","thick":"0.3125rem","medium":"0.19rem","border-m":"0.3125rem","border-s":"0.19rem","border-lg":"0.625rem","border-ml":"0.375rem","border-xs":"0.125rem","border-mlg":"0.5rem","border-xxs":"0.0625rem","border-none":"0"},"fontFamilies":{"Inter":{"src":["static/fonts/inter-v3-latin-regular.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"weight:700":{"src":"static/fonts/inter-v3-latin-700.woff2"}}},"Charter":{"src":["static/fonts/e38fddd1-89a4-4995-9f7f-3c701b2e62f1.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"weight:bold":{"src":"static/fonts/74c2aebb-af4a-4c7d-a7f5-2db2c73334eb.woff2"},"style:italic":{"src":"static/fonts/e4fc2e26-0ce1-4e6c-bb35-330c133f041c.woff2"}}},"CharterBold":{"src":["static/fonts/74c2aebb-af4a-4c7d-a7f5-2db2c73334eb.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"style:italic":{"src":"static/fonts/8d8c24cd-7112-47d5-9f8d-a9063ad51341.woff2"}}},"Gilroy":{"src":["static/fonts/GilroyBold_normal_normal.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"weight:300":{"src":"static/fonts/GilroyLight_normal_normal.woff2"},"weight:800":{"src":"static/fonts/GilroyExtraBold_normal_normal.woff2"}}},"Ramillas":{"src":["static/fonts/TTRamillasRegular_normal_normal.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"weight:bold":{"src":"static/fonts/TTRamillasBlack_normal_normal.woff2"}}}},"fontSettings":{"base":"0.7"},"letterSpacings":{"letter-spacing-1":"0.0075rem","letter-spacing-2":"0.015rem","letter-spacing-3":"0.0225rem","letter-spacing-4":"0.03rem","letter-spacing-5":"0.0375rem","letter-spacing-6":"0.045rem","letter-spacing-8":"0.06rem","letter-spacing-10":"0.075rem","letter-spacing-20":"0.15rem","letter-spacing-30":"0.3rem","letter-spacing-40":"0.4rem","letter-spacing-n1":"-0.0075rem","letter-spacing-n2":"-0.015rem","letter-spacing-n3":"-0.0225rem","letter-spacing-n4":"-0.03rem","letter-spacing-n5":"-0.0375rem","letter-spacing-n6":"-0.045rem","letter-spacing-n8":"-0.06rem","letter-spacing-n10":"-0.075rem","letter-spacing-n48":"-0.15rem","letter-spacing-n60":"-0.188rem","letter-spacing-n80":"-0.25rem","letter-spacing-base":"0"}}}]},"lang_tag":"en-US","displayType":"standard-article","layoutContextProps":{"siteData":{"bookmarksConfig":{},"brand":{"name":"Biography","slug":"biography"},"locale":{"country":"US","name":"United States"},"metadata":{"adConfig":{"bu":"HDM","site":"biography","zone":"/36117602/hdm-biography/","bidders":{"IX":{"d":{"ga":"670278","gb":"670282","la":"670277","lb":"670283","brk":"670280","garb":"670279","brkrr":"670281"},"m":{"ga":"670284","gb":"670285","lb":"670287","adh":"670288","brk":"670286"},"v":"942443"},"APN":{"d":{"ga":"28335653","gb":"28335699","la":"28335652","lb":"28335701","brk":"28335694","garb":"28335656","brkrr":"28335695"},"m":{"ga":"28335663","gb":"28335702","lb":"28335703","adh":"28335673","brk":"28335674"},"v":"28336229"},"KAR":{"m":{"gb":"_huOqULAdyc","lb":"_vlJObQkrHZ","adh":"_mV3wfVHC2F","gabrk":"_t5dIWrCwC8"},"v":"_roqCuZZ19L"},"MAG":{"d":{"ga":"2669930","gb":"2669944","la":"2669926","lb":"2669948","brk":"2669936","garb":"2669934","brkrr":"2669940"},"m":{"ga":"2669952","gb":"2669976","lb":"2669980","adh":"2669982","brk":"2669978"},"v":"2731528","siteId":"455226","accountId":"11636"},"TDS":{"d":{"tdsArt":"174937","tdsBrk":"174936"},"m":{"tdsArt":"174936"},"pageId":"160343","pageIdDesktop300":"160344"},"TPL":{"d":{"ga":"biography_300x600_flex_atf_desktop_PB","gb":"biography_300x250_flex_btf_desktop_PB","lb":"biography_970x250_flex_atf_desktop_PB","brkrr":"biography_300x600_flex_brk_desktop_PB","la728":"biography_728x90_btf_desktop_PB","la970":"biography_970x250_flex_atf_desktop_PB"},"m":{"ga":"biography_300x250_flex_atf_mobile_PB","lb":"biography_300x250_flex_btf_mobile_PB","adh":"biography_320x50_atf_mobile_PB","brk":"biography_300x250_flex_brk_mobile_PB"}},"TTD":{"d":{"ttd":"desktop"},"m":{"ttd":"mobile"},"v":"video","siteId":"hdm-biography","supplySourceId":"hearstmagazines"},"AMZN":"3049"},"modules":{"ias":{"pubId":"931694"},"meta":{"id":"1818263528206619","cur":"USD"},"parsely":{"siteId":"biography.com"},"comscore":{"c2":6035258},"oneTrust":{"doNotSellUrlOverride":"/about/a42621427/do-not-sell-my-personal-information"},"sailthru":{"ids":{"production":"35bb1c0998d8c6fd4f6ee5f6b8462a30"}},"trueAnthem":"hearst","googleAnalytics":{"measurementId":"G-Z0D64Z6MCG"}},"adBundle":[],"settings":{"mobileStickyAds":true,"enableVerityTags":true},"siteList":["www.biography.com"]},"alternate_display_name":"","ciam":{"loginURL":"https://www.mylo.id"},"commerce":{"affiliate":{"url":"https://assets.hearstapps.com/commerce/release/affiliate-bundle.master.js","amazon":{"market":"HMG-US","default":{"tag":"bio-auto-20"}},"skimlinks":{"market":"HMG-US","default":{"url":"//s.skimresources.com/js/74968X1712615.skimlinks.js"}},"trackonomics":[]}},"copyright":"Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A\u0026E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networks庐protected in the US and other countries around the globe.","domain":"biography.com","icxSiteId":"2171","networkTagLine":"A Part of Hearst Digital Media","oneTrustDomainId":"651a82cd-9caa-41a8-bb3c-c2a80ef76a30","siteAcronym":"BIO","social":{"networks":{"x":{"socialUrl":"https://twitter.com/biography"},"line":[],"qzone":[],"weibo":[],"douyin":[],"tumblr":[],"twitter":{"handle":"@biography","socialUrl":"https://twitter.com/biography"},"youtube":[],"facebook":{"socialUrl":"https://www.facebook.com/Biography"},"instagram":{"socialUrl":"https://www.instagram.com/biography/"},"pinterest":[],"googleplus":[]}}}},"canonicalUrl":"https://www.biography.com/political-figures/marcus-aurelius","config_ds":{},"dataSlug":"biography","isAdsFree":false,"isCDN":true,"isGDPR":false,"isHomePage":false,"isLoggedIn":false,"isUSUserLocation":false,"menuItems":[{"title":"Footer","children":[{"id":"f3418aee-e3ce-4967-9372-40d56fa55899","title":"About Biography.com","url":"/about/a43602329/about-us","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"4837ce50-842b-408b-8c02-cba6a4afcf39","title":"Newsletter","url":"/email/biography-newsletter","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"ed123825-3d0c-490f-afd7-ab3897310639","title":"Contact Us","url":"/about/a42731733/contact-us","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"f587c07b-3380-4f29-9a2f-8bdd13a36fe6","title":"Other Hearst Subscriptions","url":"http://subscribe.hearstmags.com/circulation/shared/index.html","new_tab":true,"nofollow":true}]},{"title":"Footer-Legal","children":[{"id":"c70c8bd8-5564-48d5-b714-0e66f649895c","title":"Privacy Notice","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"9ce73a9a-1fb9-4d54-9912-bef8e9d095f0","title":"Terms of Use","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-terms-of-use","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d574b255-6f98-4fe7-ab47-93358be05b5f","title":"CA Notice at Collection","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"726af1cd-9752-4301-ac9a-96456c0b02fa","title":"DAA Industry Opt Out","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_OPT_OUTS","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"920603c5-62cf-48dd-bab5-9ce4e36cdcc2","title":"Your CA Privacy Rights/Shine the Light","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false}]},{"title":"Panel","children":[{"id":"3c0c1eeb-cd3f-460a-81f1-826c270ad619","title":"History \u0026 Culture","url":"/history-culture","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"2265e077-fb67-481f-9540-67aca5bb5f53","title":"Explorers","url":"/explorers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"a8c2229f-9c78-4d0b-9000-b1ebc626975c","title":"Black History","url":"/black-history-month","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"cbdd8922-5023-40b3-aa43-5925ff4bb424","title":"Women鈥檚 History","url":"/womens-history","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"531a0c27-d1d2-41fe-abd7-5832fdf5f912","title":"American Revolutionaries","url":"/american-revolution-figures","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b7448402-23c3-4bfc-98a7-0c0963370934","title":"Founding Fathers","url":"/founding-fathers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d6f384d7-3307-42be-880c-ed3735d6e665","title":"Native Americans","url":"/native-americans","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"4a133902-9fa7-4c31-a31f-cdec82f803eb","title":"Civil War Figures","url":"/civil-war-figures","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d5cd0252-f4f4-4ed1-8e59-75d6b38e71da","title":"Celebrities","url":"/celebrities","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"2636750e-d138-4c74-947e-e068aa4989cf","title":"Religious Figures","url":"/religious-figures","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"41de05e6-9c89-441f-b9e9-bad1075e6335","title":"European Explorers","url":"/european-explorers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"90568062-3621-4410-ae39-774578efc193","title":"Musicians","url":"/musicians","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"1afd415e-24e1-425e-a1eb-3e186ed7ffab","title":"Country Singers","url":"/country-singers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"656ea719-f2c1-4791-ac41-745eb74e83e9","title":"Rock Stars","url":"/rock-musicians","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"302c02ad-673e-458c-b624-a69f154b8abb","title":"Classical Musicians","url":"/classical-musicians","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d5274ab5-b8d3-40a0-ab03-04a9c1a3a2f8","title":"Folk Musicians","url":"/folk-musicians","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"341b1225-f0ab-4da2-a508-31a15f8ea398","title":"Movies \u0026 TV","url":"/movies-tv","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"a3527796-9e65-449c-b66e-10010fc7f54e","title":"Actors","url":"/actors","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"c1eeb3dc-9011-4679-a3b1-0e2b51e305c2","title":"Filmmakers","url":"/filmmakers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"8d08f797-2bf6-4a7a-9125-0f339d7dc17d","title":"Comedians","url":"/comedians","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"9955b3a7-db15-4b8f-8644-3a52ea581dbf","title":"Emmy Awards","url":"/emmy-awards","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"9c6c62cd-b537-498b-a276-34e63ae5d240","title":"Academy Awards","url":"/academy-awards","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"5fbb16c1-a4af-438c-ae98-b6252a5ca87c","title":"News Anchors","url":"/news-anchors","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"19f75a12-4cb8-42ea-aa11-f1536ac1c92b","title":"Athletes","url":"/athletes","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"1429a93a-2a91-41f1-a3b9-2d7f29e6df7b","title":"Baseball Players","url":"/baseball-players","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b3fe9eba-bb0a-4dfa-8d8c-180543294ca3","title":"Football Players","url":"/football-players","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"6bdd7b7c-85bd-4b5a-a954-a2a84b6b4569","title":"Basketball Players","url":"/basketball-players","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"8a362747-25cb-47f8-b226-7e027d8dd980","title":"Gymnasts","url":"/gymnasts","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b50663e0-2dec-4e18-888d-e6446c132d50","title":"Wrestlers","url":"/wwe-legends","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"31ae6f71-e490-4a85-a6d0-c4b56c2e1307","title":"Olympians","url":"/olympic-athletes","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"2c3a73d7-41cb-49e0-b8c5-eb61bde5115a","title":"Artists","url":"/artists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"0346b244-22ee-443d-b308-8b56d04614fd","title":"Painters","url":"/famous-painters","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"0cb3d6dd-48b2-41de-bf22-1993209ce964","title":"Playwrights","url":"/playwrights","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"113ecff6-db3f-4341-b0cb-dc6e7856a344","title":"Dancers","url":"/dancers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"1494240f-576a-4cf8-bbe3-583ea2b260ce","title":"Poets","url":"/poets","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"499145dd-4382-43f5-95b4-ea9ecaa8a053","title":"Fashion Designers \u0026 Models","url":"/fashion","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"8446fc8c-8bdb-4afe-aa8b-6001653d1724","title":"Black Artists","url":"/black-artists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"037bd007-78d1-4011-8622-4086c7378d0c","title":"Power \u0026 Politics","url":"/political-figures","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"1692860d-5869-4e91-a231-a9dd058c1d67","title":"U.S. Presidents","url":"/us-presidents","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"9f091cf0-ea3b-4880-ac1f-32d67a6c4a40","title":"Supreme Court Justices","url":"/supreme-court-justices","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"90ea99b4-ae22-4bba-abc1-a1506d05ae11","title":"Royalty","url":"/royalty","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"de41483f-0476-485e-8834-5dba14c6f0c9","title":"Dictators","url":"/dictators","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"c9ade8c6-47db-4dc1-9f32-d60bca02fca0","title":"Emperors","url":"/emperors","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"2b72c04f-bcdd-4892-98d7-315b2d4c9767","title":"U.S. First Ladies","url":"/us-first-ladies","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"40735b0e-93ed-49a7-81bc-a7969510c993","title":"Business","url":"/business-leaders","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"77884c57-9d41-424d-a270-54e18b7e5386","title":"Entrepreneurs","url":"/entrepreneurs","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"20dadab1-de37-415b-8280-a98b0fdcb8d4","title":"Chefs","url":"/famous-chefs","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"df92555d-9b9f-4dc0-9c30-859f34963d91","title":"Philanthropists","url":"/philanthropists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"e35fc8fe-4f42-4143-8a84-bd04943c7f6c","title":"Scholars \u0026 Educators","url":"/scholars-educators","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"027b4d19-aff8-4d1e-9911-586dabb458dd","title":"Inventors","url":"/inventors","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"bf93c9e6-27a4-4e07-bbf8-422463e603d1","title":"Black Inventors","url":"/black-inventors","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"16d22435-6dfb-4949-a50a-c8b3155798a6","title":"Mathematicians","url":"/famous-mathematicians","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"a41940c5-dbf0-4020-a8b7-ddf4cacdf279","title":"Nobel Prize Winners","url":"/nobel-prize-winners","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"ec152ac9-8c9a-4e38-a772-2df2a7a108e7","title":"Philosophers","url":"/philosophers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"fd172605-e6e1-4b3f-acbf-d1099591efd5","title":"Scientists","url":"/scientists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"d5aeaa8f-edb5-4841-84df-577688e44e5f","title":"Astronauts","url":"/astronauts","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"9e61be66-a7aa-42f3-8e5b-7d0199a84bee","title":"Activists","url":"/activists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"381b6223-edf9-4260-9f35-69fe5a85bac9","title":"Abolitionists","url":"/abolitionists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"849c5605-7717-4bcc-bc22-cb2113e1e8c3","title":"Civil Rights Activists","url":"/civil-right-activists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b7afb949-8996-41fa-a0f2-2b2da5f88511","title":"Environmentalists","url":"/environmentalists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"27e4dd09-5880-4996-949e-5e965b72e962","title":"Suffragettes","url":"/suffragettes","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"10ce09fc-e20c-4919-bb0c-372fafce7509","title":"Women鈥檚 Rights Activists","url":"/womens-rights-activists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"457c522c-3cfa-4920-8b91-179b13dafe61","title":"LGBTQ Pride","url":"/pride","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"c3bb37f9-41f2-4f87-a747-4c0cfda40fcb","title":"Notorious Figures","url":"/crime","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"49433965-78ec-49fc-b0b2-57f897861162","title":"Serial Killers","url":"/serial-killers","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"653ee61d-8811-4770-8ee5-32658baab634","title":"Gangsters","url":"/gangsters","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b5444e04-4d1c-483f-8278-e0d7f5198126","title":"Con Artists","url":"/con-artists","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"f7a131fa-7c3d-4316-86a7-90e555c7e9b5","title":"BIO Buys","url":"/bio-buys","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"258e5662-d7cb-4f95-b2e5-6b4ceea1e62b","title":"Newsletter","url":"/email/biography-newsletter","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"title":"Top"}],"menuLinks":{"Top":[{"id":"f2cf55a3-87fe-4407-b2b6-493a04bda284","title":"History \u0026 Culture","url":"/history-culture","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"65958f1d-23e9-4642-a4fa-54b9a0ce9f65","title":"Musicians","url":"/musicians","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"78fe95b0-00ce-4478-847c-32264055ee13","title":"Athletes","url":"/athletes","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"310b3ec5-a577-4bf6-98bf-eb8601893da1","title":"Movies \u0026 TV","url":"/movies-tv","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"5ff98f73-fbf2-45d0-b82b-902eaa832d2f","title":"Newsletter","url":"/email/biography-newsletter","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false}]},"pageId":"88384d08-9ca4-4266-8b8e-4b62adb01d3d","pageType":"content","selfHostedAffiliateEnabled":true,"siteId":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","tagManager":{"dev":"mag-dev","default":"mag"},"tagOptions":{},"topTouts":{"c59019cc-deb4-42d5-a2bf-6f9e86d8831c":{"link_text":"2024 CMA Awards","frontend_link":"//www.biography.com/musicians/a62114937/2024-cma-nominees-winners/","id":"c59019cc-deb4-42d5-a2bf-6f9e86d8831c","order":"0"},"0f1196c8-540e-43d8-86da-17d3d7688ccf":{"link_text":"Morgan Wallen","frontend_link":"//www.biography.com/musicians/a45268359/morgan-wallen/","id":"0f1196c8-540e-43d8-86da-17d3d7688ccf","order":"1"},"a093c892-7d9a-4e9b-b664-6ff57da9d12e":{"link_text":"Megan Moroney","frontend_link":"//www.biography.com/musicians/a62952137/megan-moroney/","id":"a093c892-7d9a-4e9b-b664-6ff57da9d12e","order":"2"},"13dc1b8d-4e56-4c2e-b174-c23e8be32f1a":{"link_text":"George Strait","frontend_link":"//www.biography.com/musicians/george-strait","id":"13dc1b8d-4e56-4c2e-b174-c23e8be32f1a","order":"3"},"3803c741-e415-46cb-9081-7338d24cd951":{"link_text":"Famous Philosophers","frontend_link":"//www.biography.com/scholars-educators/g62918890/famous-philosophers/","id":"3803c741-e415-46cb-9081-7338d24cd951","order":"4"}},"video":{"gaVideoDiagTracking":"false","gaVideoBrandName":"Biography","icxVideoDomainId":"7648"}},"alternates":[],"template":{"addHiddenBreadcrumbsItem":true,"display":"standard-article","variants":{"AffiliateDisclaimerBar":"repositioned-disclaimer","BreadcrumbsList":"breadcrumb-left-align","ByLineName":"left-align-byline","ContentHeaderPublishDate":"left-align-publish-date","ContentHeaderTextareaContainer":"content-header-text-only","ContentHeaderTextareaContainerEmbedded":"content-header-text-only-embedded","ActionBlock":"left-align-action-block","ContentDek":"left-align-content-dek"}},"dekDom":{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"type":"root"},"titleMarkup":{"children":[{"data":"Marcus Aurelius","type":"text"}],"type":"root"},"titleText":"Marcus Aurelius","bodyDom":{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"(121-180)","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Who Was Marcus Aurelius?","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{"id":"who-was-marcus-aurelius"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Marcus Aurelius was chosen by Emporer Hadrian to be his eventual successor. In 161, Aurelius took control of the Roman Empire along with his brother Verus. War and disease threatened Rome on all sides. Aurelius held his territory, but was weakened as a ruler after the death of his brother Verus. His son Commodus later became co-ruler in 177, only three years before Aurelius died on March 17, 180.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Early Life","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{"id":"early-life"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was born on April 26, 121, in Rome, Italy. Known for his philosophical interests, Aurelius was one of the most respected emperors in Roman history. He was born into a wealthy and politically prominent family. Growing up, Aurelius was a dedicated student, learning Latin and Greek. But his greatest intellectual interest was Stoicism, a philosophy that emphasized fate, reason and self-restraint. Discourses, written by a former slave and Stoic philosopher Epictetus, had a great deal of influence over Marcus Aurelius. His serious and hard-working nature was even noticed by Emperor Hadrian.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"watch-next","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"After his earlier choice for a successor died, Hadrian adopted Titus Aurelius Antoninus (who would be known as Emperor Pius Antonius) to succeed him as an emperor. Hadrian also arranged for Antoninus to adopt Marcus Aurelius and the son of his earlier successor. Around the age of 17, Marcus Aurelius became the son of Antoninus. He worked alongside his adopted father while learning the ways of government and public affairs.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Entry into Politics","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{"id":"entry-into-politics"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"In 140, Aurelius became consul, or leader of the senate鈥攁 post he would hold two more times in his lifetime. As the years passed, he received more responsibilities and official powers, evolving into a strong source of support and counsel for Antoninus. Aurelius also continued his philosophical studies and developed an interest in law.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Along with his burgeoning career, Aurelius seemed to have a contented personal life. He married Faustina, the emperor鈥檚 daughter, in 145. Together they had many children, though some did not live for long. Best known are their daughter Lucilla and their son Commodus.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Becoming Emperor","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{"id":"becoming-emperor"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"After his adoptive father died in 161, Aurelius rose to power and was officially then known as Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. While some sources indicate that Antoninus selected him as his only successor, Aurelius insisted that his adopted brother served as his co-ruler. His brother was Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus (usually referred to as Verus).","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Unlike the peaceful and prosperous rule of Antoninus, the joint reign of the two brothers was marked by war and disease. In the 160s, they battled with the Parthian empire for control over lands in the East. Verus oversaw the war effort while Aurelius stayed in Rome. Much of their success in this conflict has been attributed to the generals working under Verus, especially Avidius Cassius. He was later made governor of Syria. Returning soldiers brought some type of disease back with them to Rome, which lingered for years and wiped out a portion of the population.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"As the Parthian War ended, the two rulers had to face another military conflict with German tribes in the late 160s. German tribes crossed the Danube River and attacked a Roman city. After raising the necessary funds and troops, Aurelius and Verus went off to fight the invaders. Verus died in 169 so Aurelius pushed on alone, attempting to drive away the Germans.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Challenges to His Authority","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{"id":"challenges-to-his-authority"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"In 175, he faced another challenge鈥攖his time for his very position. After hearing a rumor about Aurelius being deathly ill, Avidius Cassius claimed the title of emperor for himself. This forced Aurelius to travel to the East to regain control. But he did not have to fight Cassius as he was murdered by his own soldiers. Instead, Aurelius toured eastern provinces with his wife, re-establishing his authority. Unfortunately, Faustina died during this trip.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"While once again battling the German tribes, Aurelius made his son Commodus his co-ruler in 177. Together they fought the northern enemies of the empire. Aurelius even hoped to extend the empire鈥檚 borders through this conflict, but Aurelius didn't live long enough to see this vision to completion.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Marcus Aurelius died on March 17, 180. His son Commodus became emperor and soon ended the northern military efforts. Marcus Aurelius, however, is not best remembered for the wars he waged, but for his contemplative nature and his rule driven by reason. A collection of his thoughts have been published in a work called ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"The Meditations","type":"text"}],"name":"em","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"data":". Based on his Stoic beliefs, the work is filled with his notes on life.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"children":[],"name":"hr","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"figure","attribs":{"class":"redactor-component","data-redactor-type":"line","tabindex":"-1"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"QUICK FACTS","type":"text"}],"name":"h1","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"Name: Marcus Aurelius","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Birth Year: 121","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Birth date: April 26, 121","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Birth City: Rome","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Birth Country: Italy","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Gender: Male","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Best Known For: As Emperor of Rome from 161-180, Marcus Aurelius kept the empire safe from the Parthians and Germans but is best known for his intellectual pursuits.","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Industries","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"World Politics","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"War and Militaries","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"ul","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Astrological Sign: Taurus","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Nacionalities","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"Italian","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"ul","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Death Year: 180","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Death date: March 17, 180","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Death City: Vienna","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Death Country: Austria","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"ul","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Fact Check","type":"text"}],"name":"h1","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"contact us","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.biography.com/contact-us","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.biography.com/contact-us","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"contact us","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":"!","type":"text"},{"children":[],"name":"br","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"class":"body-tip","data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"}],"type":"root"},"embeddedContentProps":{},"embeddedMedia":{"content_attribute":{"bullets":3}},"hasContentProductLinks":false,"hasNutritionInfoInBody":false,"hasWatchNextInBodyTag":true,"pollCount":0,"products":{},"tableOfContents":{},"immersiveTableOfContents":{},"hideTableOfContentsTitle":false,"introductoryTextDom":{},"outroTextDom":{},"articleAdCadence":{"renderNodeId":true}},"__N_SSP":true,"appProps":{"providerData":{"scopeManager":{"scopes":{"@site":"biography_en-us","@locale":"en-us","@brand":"biography","@client":"hdm","@app":"fre"},"asset":"/_assets/design-tokens","media":"/design-tokens","selected":{"865286506898551173":{"scope":"biography","hash":"3635572","metadata":{}},"1079308378848759106":{"scope":"(NOT_SET)"},"794597151848759106":{"scope":"(NOT_SET)"},"1621037567848759106":{"scope":"(NOT_SET)"},"948601947898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"f1c199c","metadata":{}},"622986035898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"1ceaaeb","metadata":{}},"544524768848759106":{"scope":"biography","hash":"02461fe","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["105.76%","100.23%"],"ascentOverride":["89.45%","94.38%"],"descentOverride":["24.87%","26.24%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["106.07%","92.87%"],"ascentOverride":["89.18%","101.86%"],"descentOverride":["24.79%","28.32%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["106.77%","93.40%"],"ascentOverride":["88.60%","101.29%"],"descentOverride":["24.63%","28.16%"]}}}},"2141149703898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"38e3324","metadata":{}},"350512797848759106":{"scope":"fre","hash":"c8ad008","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["107.32%","106.36%"],"ascentOverride":["90.27%","91.08%"],"descentOverride":["22.50%","22.70%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["107.64%","98.55%"],"ascentOverride":["90.00%","98.30%"],"descentOverride":["22.43%","24.50%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["108.35%","99.11%"],"ascentOverride":["89.41%","97.75%"],"descentOverride":["22.29%","24.37%"]}}}},"588148124898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"cf1782e","metadata":{}},"14425694531966502534":{"scope":"biography","hash":"5ec9b18","metadata":{}},"154714574898551173":{"scope":"biography","hash":"375b5d3","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["106.28%","100.55%"],"ascentOverride":["89.85%","94.98%"],"descentOverride":["25.40%","26.85%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["106.60%","93.17%"],"ascentOverride":["89.58%","102.50%"],"descentOverride":["25.33%","28.98%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["107.31%","93.69%"],"ascentOverride":["89.00%","101.93%"],"descentOverride":["25.16%","28.82%"]}}}},"111209233898551173":{"scope":"biography","hash":"63c7dd0","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["109.54%","112.70%"],"ascentOverride":["94.94%","92.28%"],"descentOverride":["31.95%","31.06%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["109.87%","104.42%"],"ascentOverride":["94.66%","99.60%"],"descentOverride":["31.86%","33.52%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["110.60%","105.01%"],"ascentOverride":["94.04%","99.04%"],"descentOverride":["31.65%","33.33%"]}}}},"202596398360358643":{"scope":"biography","hash":"736cd17","metadata":{}},"1780745863898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"c08ce2c","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["94.46%","97.03%"],"ascentOverride":["103.74%","101.00%"],"descentOverride":["30.13%","29.34%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["94.75%","89.90%"],"ascentOverride":["103.43%","109.00%"],"descentOverride":["30.04%","31.66%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["95.37%","90.41%"],"ascentOverride":["102.75%","108.39%"],"descentOverride":["29.85%","31.49%"]}}}},"410495278898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"c4cafa4","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["105.20%","104.03%"],"ascentOverride":["93.53%","94.57%"],"descentOverride":["28.31%","28.63%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["105.51%","96.39%"],"ascentOverride":["93.25%","102.07%"],"descentOverride":["28.23%","30.90%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["106.21%","96.94%"],"ascentOverride":["92.64%","101.50%"],"descentOverride":["28.04%","30.73%"]}}}},"237689033848759106":{"scope":"fre","hash":"dd7387f","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["98.60%","100.86%"],"ascentOverride":["99.39%","97.17%"],"descentOverride":["28.87%","28.23%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["98.90%","93.45%"],"ascentOverride":["99.09%","104.87%"],"descentOverride":["28.78%","30.46%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["99.55%","93.98%"],"ascentOverride":["98.44%","104.28%"],"descentOverride":["28.60%","30.29%"]}}}},"1191363023101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"046027b","metadata":{}},"1224281871898551173":{"scope":"fre","hash":"db7c035","metadata":{}},"738037164848759106":{"scope":"biography","hash":"04aa008","metadata":{}},"1221623699101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"3361b6d","metadata":{}},"914434039101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"a5a3a69","metadata":{}},"628614349101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"f282b14","metadata":{}}},"manifestUrl":"https://static-assets.hearstapps.com/design-tokens/manifest.json"},"flags":{"content-editor.enable-repositioned-disclaimer":1,"content-editor.enable-custom-header":1,"self-hosted.affiliate.enabled":1,"fre.commerce.use-affiliate_url":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-billboard":0,"ecommerce.enable-embedded-experience":"(NOT_SET)","content-editor.toggles.hide-affiliate-disclaimer":1,"fre.content.enable-privacy-disclaimer":"(NOT_SET)","cover-stories":1,"seo.syndicated-content.no-noindex":1,"seo.block-meta-ai-crawler":1,"ecommerce.load-pulse-script":"(NOT_SET)","fre.piano.int":"(NOT_SET)","content-pass.enable":0,"enable-sso":1,"enable-google-one-tap":"(NOT_SET)","enable-microsoft-quick-auth":"(NOT_SET)","display-search":1,"fre.show-magnifying-glass-icon-only":"(NOT_SET)","location-choice":0,"fre.location-choice.display-generic-title":1,"fre.do-not-sell-link":1,"search.fre.display-top-navigation":0,"fre.top-navigation.gift-lab":"(NOT_SET)","fre.piano.login":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-jam-journey":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-top-slim-banner":1,"enable-top-touts":1,"show-updated-timestamp":1,"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs":1,"seo.display-publish-date-timezone":0,"seo.display-publish-date-timezone-all":1,"seo.developed-by-expert-byline":0,"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs-with-collections":1,"content-editor.disable-author-photo":"(NOT_SET)","fre.sharing-component":0,"fre.enable-my-stuff":0,"fre.disable-bookmark-subscription-modal":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-content-save-categorization":"(NOT_SET)","paywall.schema":0,"video.enable-glimmer":1,"content-editor.gallery.multi-retailer.enabled":1,"content-editor.1x1-lead-image-crop":1,"fre.enable-fastly-image":0,"fre.piano.hosted-content-module":"(NOT_SET)","video.watch-next-in-body":1,"video.watch-next.recipes":0,"video.watch-next-in-body-listicle":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-email-captures":0,"Display-nutrition-data":0,"video.sticky-player-mobile":1,"video.sticky-player":1,"video.use-video-player-two":1,"enable-watch-more-recirc-button":0,"seo.enable-resizing-poster-images":0,"custom-feeds.block-head-image":0,"video.priority-to-use-preview-image":"(NOT_SET)","new-nav":1,"fre.cds.enable-paywall":0,"fre.piano.enable-paywall":0,"fre.jam-journey.enable-modals":0,"fre.jam-journey.enable-meters":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-post-registration-modals":0,"mobile-adhesion-unit":1,"content-editor.content-body.preview-blocker":0},"lazy":{"P0-3":[[73288]],"P0-4":[[70661]],"P0-5":[[39969]],"P0-6":[[50802,97343,88617]],"P0-7":[[22361]],"P0-8":[[82615]],"P0-9":[[266,90019,32807,59114]],"P0-10":[[93745,37869,68107,25116]],"P0-11":[[67057]]},"translations":{"app":{"ad-breaker-text-main":"Advertisement - Continue Reading Below"},"common":{"and":"and","close":"Close","cookie_choices":"Cookies Choices","do_not_sell_info_footer":"Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads","do_not_sell_info_sidepanel":"Your Privacy Choices","login":"sign in","myAccountSlug":"my-account","other_editions":"Other Editions","privacyNotice":"Privacy Notice","published":"Published: ","sidepanel":"Side Panel","search":"Search","skipToContent":"Skip to Content","termsOfUse":"Terms Of Use","updated":"Updated: "},"content":{"affiliate-disclosure-footer":"We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back.","image":{"fallback-alt":"This is an image","no-longer-available":"Image no longer available"},"jumpToProduct":"Jump to Products","watchNext":"Watch Next","watchNextInBody":"More From {brandName}","watchNextInBodyButton":"Watch Full Video","why-trust-us":"Why Trust Us?"},"date":{"format":""}}}}},"page":"/_templates/standard-article","query":{},"buildId":"be23e81a89","assetPrefix":"/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm","runtimeConfig":{"APP_ENVIRONMENT":"production","APP_VERSION":"0.11.569","DEFAULT_FETCH_TIMEOUT":"2000","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_PUBLISHER_KEY":"dGVk90VVSURz","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_ADUNIT_KEY":"jAgnNJlb","RUNTIME_TRADE_TOOL_APP_URL":"https://app.blackbookinformation.com","RUNTIME_USE_SENTRY":"1","RUNTIME_RESIN_ASSETS_URL":"https://cdsshopprod-assets.resin.com","RUNTIME_ENABLE_RECAPTCHA":"true","RUNTIME_OPEN_WEB_ENABLED":"1","RUNTIME_PUBLIC_IMAGE_HOSTNAME":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod","RUNTIME_MICROSOFT_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"952b8b0a-eccb-4fa4-90ca-13796e19166f","RUNTIME_GLIMMER_BUNDLE_FILE":"player.js","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_TIMEOUT":"12000","RUNTIME_SPEEDCURVE_URL":"https://cdn.speedcurve.com/js/lux.js?id=231332287","RUNTIME_CHAT_CONFIG_ID":"20eabe8a-105a-48e7-b4b7-92a6be9f1e6e","RUNTIME_PAYMENT_CAPTURE_SCRIPT_URL":"https://paymentcapture.resin.com/v1/payment-capture.js","RUNTIME_RECAPTCHA_KEY":"6LcygTohAAAAALJc9PUf8gwQA5bdSdXK34HDB_5l","RUNTIME_SLIDES_PER_PAGE_OVERLAY":"10","RUNTIME_NITEHAWK_URL":"https://nitehawk.hearst.io","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_API_URL":"https://api.trvmarketplace.com/click/v1/auto","RUNTIME_TRADE_TOOL_SCRIPT_URL":"https://app.blackbookinformation.com/app/shopping-tools-js/v1.js","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_URL":"https://heimdall.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_SLIDES_PER_PAGE_LIST":"30","RUNTIME_ORDER_INTAKE_URL":"https://api.resin.com/orders","RUNTIME_AIHUB_ACCESS_KEY":"063c297c-96bf-4f89-9a82-cf784ff402c0","RUNTIME_TCF_API_TIMEOUT":"2000","RUNTIME_BUY_SUB_URL":"https://optout.hearstmags.com/servlet/OrdersGateway?cds_mag_code=A99\u0026amp;cds_page_id=246801","RUNTIME_PUBLIC_FILE_HOSTNAME":"https://hmg-h-cdn.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_CIAM_AUTH_URLS":"https://auth.mylo.id","RUNTIME_GLIMMER_BUNDLE_PATH":"8.91.0","RUNTIME_RUFUS_HOSTNAME":"https://preferencecenter.hearstmags.com","RUNTIME_JOKER_URL":"https://joker.hearstgames.com","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_LICENSE_KEY":"afb7f38f-6470-445f-b583-28ae8e1ed325","RUNTIME_TRADE_TOOL_DEALER_ID":"0441002","RUNTIME_CIAM_UI_URLS":"https://www.mylo.id","RUNTIME_GLIMMER_BUNDLE_PREFIX":"/_assets/glimmer","RUNTIME_VIDEO_PLAYER_URL":"https://glimmer.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_CIAM_DATA_URL":"https://ciam-data.cdsshopprod.cdsglobalapps.com/graphql","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_TIMEOUT_FEED":"20000","RUNTIME_TRUECAR_SHOPPING_URL":"https://shopping.caranddriver.com","RUNTIME_RIDDLER_GAME_URL":"https://riddler.hearstgames.com","RUNTIME_GOOGLE_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"966691262229-s6tftim27cpahri78teloejj82ms26hh.apps.googleusercontent.com","RUNTIME_SLIDES_PER_PAGE_GRID":"5","RUNTIME_JAM_SCRIPT_URL":"https://jam.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_PRODUCTS_TIMEOUT":"30000","RUNTIME_CUSTOM_EVENT_DISPATCHER_URL":"https://oply.hearstapps.com/v1/events","RUNTIME_PUBLIC_IMAGE_DOMAIN":"https://hips.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_MEDIA_GATEWAY_URL":"https://media.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_PANEL_ADUNIT_KEY":"DuS9oM6s","RUNTIME_PRODUCTS_URL":"https://products.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_CONCORDE_URL":"https://search.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_TOKEN":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6Imp3dF9zZWNyZXRfZnJlIn0.e30.wlF-prqbR7gQ28qeFJrGOTKcct5p5jzNfrO6NBcc7C8","RUNTIME_AFFILIATE_BUNDLE_VERSION":"8.3.49","RUNTIME_CARS_FOR_SALE_MODULE_URL":"/inventory","RUNTIME_LIVE_STREAM_URL":"https://player.vimeo.com/video/","RUNTIME_LIVE_STREAM_CHAT":"https://vimeo.com/live-chat/","RUNTIME_VIMEO_STREAM_URL":"https://vimeo.com/event/","RUNTIME_THEME_SLUG":"","RUNTIME_NEXT_LAZY":"1"},"isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[55580,7141,8887,59037,58832,18852,12637,17252],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script><script id="build-manifest">window.__BUILD_MANIFEST_CB=function(){return new Promise(((e,n)=>{document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement("script"),{src:"/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/be23e81a89/_buildManifest.js",onload:e,onerror:n}))}))};</script><script type="text/javascript" id="font-loader">(()=>{const e=navigator?.connection?.effectiveType;if(e&&"4g"!==e)return;const{search:n}=window.location;if(n.includes("disableFonts"))return;const t=document,o=()=>{const e=t.getElementById("deferred-fonts");e&&(e.media="all")};"interactive"===document.readyState?o():window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o)})();</script></body></html>