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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Arti" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Arti" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Arti" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Arti" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis_Makna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis_Makna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jenis Makna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis_Makna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis Makna</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis_Makna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makna_Leksikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makna_Leksikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Makna Leksikal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makna_Leksikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makna_Langsung,_konseptual_atau_denotatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makna_Langsung,_konseptual_atau_denotatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Makna Langsung, konseptual atau denotatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makna_Langsung,_konseptual_atau_denotatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makna_Kiasan_atau_asosiatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makna_Kiasan_atau_asosiatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Makna Kiasan atau asosiatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makna_Kiasan_atau_asosiatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makna_Struktural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makna_Struktural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Makna Struktural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makna_Struktural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makna_Gramatikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makna_Gramatikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Makna Gramatikal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makna_Gramatikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makna_Tematis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makna_Tematis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Makna Tematis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makna_Tematis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perubahan_makna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perubahan_makna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Perubahan makna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perubahan_makna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perubahan makna</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perubahan_makna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generalisasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generalisasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Generalisasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generalisasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spesialisasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spesialisasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Spesialisasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spesialisasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ameliorasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ameliorasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ameliorasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ameliorasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peyorasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peyorasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Peyorasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peyorasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sinestesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinestesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Sinestesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinestesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asosiasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asosiasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Asosiasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asosiasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 47 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89" title="معنى – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signific%C3%A1u" title="Significáu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Significáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99na_(dil%C3%A7ilik)" title="Məna (dilçilik) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məna (dilçilik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="آنلام (دیل‌بیلیمی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنلام (دیل‌بیلیمی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Значэнне – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Значэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Значэньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Значэньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Езиково значение – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Езиково значение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="واتا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="واتا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDznam" title="Význam – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Význam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betydning_(lingvistik)" title="Betydning (lingvistik) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Betydning (lingvistik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedeutung" title="Bedeutung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bedeutung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σημασία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)" title="Meaning (linguistics) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meaning (linguistics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentido_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico" title="Sentido lingüístico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sentido lingüístico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="معنا (زبان‌شناسی) – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معنا (زبان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkitys" title="Merkitys – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merkitys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sens_(linguistique)" title="Sens (linguistique) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sens (linguistique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA" title="משמעות – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משמעות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelent%C3%A9s" title="Jelentés – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jelentés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merking" title="Merking – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Merking" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3" title="意味 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="意味" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Мән – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мән" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5_(%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0)" title="ಅರ್ಥ (ಭಾಷಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರ್ಥ (ಭಾಷಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EB%AF%B8" title="의미 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_(zimannas%C3%AE)" title="Raman (zimannasî) – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Raman (zimannasî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significatio_(linguistica)" title="Significatio (linguistica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Significatio (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reik%C5%A1m%C4%97_(lingvistika)" title="Reikšmė (lingvistika) – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reikšmė (lingvistika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D2%A5" title="Ыҥ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ыҥ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Значење – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Значење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE)" title="अर्थ (भाषा) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्थ (भाषा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betekenis" title="Betekenis – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Betekenis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meining" title="Meining – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meining" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mening" title="Mening – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mening" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znaczenie" title="Znaczenie – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Znaczenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_do_significado" title="Teoria do significado – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teoria do significado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sut%27i" title="Sut'i – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sut'i" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Значение (лингвистика) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Значение (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning" title="Meaning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meaning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDznam" title="Význam – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Význam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomen" title="Pomen – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Теорија значења – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Теорија значења" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mening_(betydelse)" title="Mening (betydelse) – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mening (betydelse)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anlam_(dilbilim)" title="Anlam (dilbilim) – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anlam (dilbilim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Значення (мовознавство) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Значення (мовознавство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="معنی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9D_ngh%C4%A9a_(ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Ý nghĩa (ngôn ngữ học) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ý nghĩa (ngôn ngữ học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C-s%C3%B9" title="Ì-sù – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ì-sù" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Arti" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&oldid=24079171" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Arti&id=24079171&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArti"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArti"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Arti"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Arti&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meaning_(philosophy_of_language)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183046" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makna&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Makna">Makna</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Arti</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskerta" title="Bahasa Sanskerta">Sanskerta</a>: <span lang="sa">अर्थ</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: sa is deprecated </span>) atau <b>makna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">معنى</span>) adalah hubungan antara lambang bunyi dengan acuannya.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Makna merupakan bentuk responsi dari stimulus yang diperoleh pemeran dalam <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">komunikasi</a> sesuai dengan asosiasi maupun hasil belajar yang dimiliki. Makna terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok besar: <i>speaker-sense</i> dan <i>linguistic-sense.</i> Yang disebut pertama merujuk pada tujuan atau niat pembicara ketika mengatakan sesuatu. Sedangkan yang disebut terakhir merujuk pada makna <a href="/wiki/Linguistik" title="Linguistik">linguistik</a> yakni yang lazim dipersepsi penutur bahasa. Yakni makna secara <a href="/wiki/Literal" class="mw-redirect" title="Literal">literal</a>, dan ini merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Semantik" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantik">semantik</a>. Berikut adalah sejumlah sifat-sifat dan relasi makna yang lazim dibahas oleh semantik: <a href="/wiki/Ambiguitas" title="Ambiguitas">ambiguitas</a> leksikal, sinonimi, <a href="/wiki/Hiponimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiponimi">hiponimi</a>, overlap dan antonimi. Ambiguitas leksikak terjadi tatkala satu kata memiliki lebih dari dua arti. Sinonimi adalah sejumlah katayang memiliki makna yang sama. Hiponimi adalah satu kata yang artinya mencakupi keseluruhan makna kata lainnya. Overlap adalah fenomena semantis tatkala dua kata atau lebih bertumpang-tindih fitur semantiknya. <a href="/wiki/Antonim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonim">Antonim</a> adalah dua kata yang berlawanan artinya.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ujaran manusia itu mengandung makna yang utuh. Keutuhan makna itu merupakan perpaduan dari empat aspek, yakni pengertian <i>(sense)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Perasaan" title="Perasaan">perasaan</a> <i>(feeling)</i>, nada <i>(tone)</i>, dan amanat <i>(intension)</i>. Memahami <a href="/wiki/Aspek_(linguistik)" title="Aspek (linguistik)">aspek</a> itu dalam seluruh konteks adalah bagian dari usaha untuk memahami makna dalam <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">komunikasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis_Makna">Jenis Makna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis Makna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis Makna"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makna_Leksikal">Makna <a href="/wiki/Leksikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Leksikal">Leksikal</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Makna Leksikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makna Leksikal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makna leksikal adalah makna kata atau <a href="/wiki/Leksem" title="Leksem">leksem</a> sebagai lambang benda, peristiwa, objek, dan lain-lain. Makna ini dimiliki unsur bahasa lepas dari penggunaan atau konteksnya. Misalnya: </p> <ul><li>kata <a href="/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus">tikus</a> bermakna "binatang pengerat yang bisa menyebabkan penyakit tifus". Makna ini akan jelas dalam kalimat berikut. <ul><li>Kucing makan tikus mati.</li> <li>Tikus itu mati diterkam kucing.</li> <li>Panen kali ini gagal akibat serangan tikus.</li></ul></li> <li>Jika kata tikus pada ketiga kalimat di atas bermakna langsung (konseptual), maka pada kalimat berikut bermakna kiasan (asosiatif). <ul><li>Yang menjadi tikus di kantor kami ternyata orang dalam.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Makna_Langsung,_konseptual_atau_denotatif"><span id="Makna_Langsung.2C_konseptual_atau_denotatif"></span>Makna Langsung, <a href="/wiki/Konseptual" title="Konseptual">konseptual</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denotatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denotatif (halaman belum tersedia)">denotatif</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Makna Langsung, konseptual atau denotatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makna Langsung, konseptual atau denotatif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makna langsung, konseptual atau denotatif adalah makna kata atau leksem yang didasarkan atas penunjukkan yang langsung (lugas) pada suatu hal atau objek di luar bahasa. Makna langsung atau makna lugas bersifat objektif, karena langsung menunjuk objeknya. </p> <ul><li>Contoh berikut secara konseptual bermakna sama, tetapi secara asosiatif bernilai rasa yang berbeda. <ul><li>wanita = perempuan</li> <li>gadis = perawan</li> <li>kumpulan = rombongan = gerombolan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Karyawan">karyawan</a> = pegawai = pekerja</li> <li>bini = istri</li> <li>beranak= melahirkan</li> <li>pembantu = asisten rumah tangga</li> <li>pelayan = pramusaji</li> <li>gelandangan =tunawisma</li> <li>buta = tunanetra</li> <li>beranak= melahirkan</li> <li>pembantu = asisten rumah tangga</li> <li>pelayan = pramusaji</li> <li>gelandangan =tunawisma</li> <li>buta = tunanetra <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Berdasarkan luas tidaknya cakupan makna yang dikandungnya, makna langsung dapat dibedakan atas makna luas dan makna sempit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Makna_Kiasan_atau_asosiatif">Makna Kiasan atau <a href="/wiki/Asosiatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Asosiatif">asosiatif</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Makna Kiasan atau asosiatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makna Kiasan atau asosiatif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makna kiasan atau asosiatif adalah makna kata atau leksem yang didasarkan atas perasaan atau pikiran yang timbul pada penyapa dan manusia yang disapa. Makna ini muncul sebagai akibat asosiasi perasaan pemakai bahasa terhadap leksem yang dilafalkan atau didengarnya. Makna kiasa juga dapat berarti makna yang tidak sebenarnya atau acuannya tidak sesuai dengan makna kata yang bersangkutan. Makna kiasan biasanya digunakan dalam cerita, lukisan, ulasan, berita, dan kisah. Tujuan pemakaiannya adalah menghidupkan dan memberikan kesan yang menarik perhatian pembaca. Makna kiasan disebut juga makna figuratif. </p><p>Dilihat dari nilai rasa yang terkandung di dalamnya, makna kiasan (asosiatif) dibedakan atas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konotatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konotatif (halaman belum tersedia)">makna konotatif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stilistik (halaman belum tersedia)">makna stilistik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afektif" class="mw-redirect" title="Afektif">makna afektif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Replektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Replektif (halaman belum tersedia)">makna replektif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolokatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolokatif (halaman belum tersedia)">makna kolokatif</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idiomitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idiomitas (halaman belum tersedia)">makna idiomatis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makna_Struktural">Makna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Struktural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struktural (halaman belum tersedia)">Struktural</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Makna Struktural" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makna Struktural"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makna struktural adalah makna yang muncul sebagai akibat hubungan antara unsur bahasa yang satu dengan unsur bahasa yang lain dalam satuan yang lebih besar, baik yang berkaitan dengan unsur fatis maupun unsur musis. Unsur fatis adalah unsur-unsur segmental yang berupa <a href="/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem">morfem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">kata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frasa" title="Frasa">frasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klausa" title="Klausa">klausa</a>, dan kalimat, sedangkan unsur musis adalah unsur-unsur bahasa yang berkaitan dengan supra-segmental seperti irama, jeda, tekanan, dan nada. Makna struktural yang berkaitan dengan unsur fatis disebut makna gramatikal, sedangkan yang berkaitan dengan unsur musis disebut makna tematis </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makna_Gramatikal">Makna <a href="/wiki/Gramatikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramatikal">Gramatikal</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Makna Gramatikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makna Gramatikal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makna gramatikal (makna tata bahasa) adalah makna yang muncul sebagai akibat hubungan antara unsur-unsur gramatikal dalam satuan gramatikal yang lebih besar. Misalnya, hubungan morfem dan morfem dalam kata, kata dan kata lain dalam frasa atau klausa, frasa dan frasa dalam klausa atau kalimat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makna_Tematis">Makna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tematis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tematis (halaman belum tersedia)">Tematis</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Makna Tematis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makna Tematis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makna tematis adalah makna yang muncul sebagai akibat penyapa memberi penekanan atau fokus pembicaraan pada salah satu unsur kalimat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perubahan_makna">Perubahan makna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Perubahan makna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perubahan makna"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seiring perkembangan suatu bahasa, makna suatu kata dapat berubah. Beberapa perubahan makna kata meliputi perluasan, penyempitan, peningkatan, penurunan, sinestesia, asosiasi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generalisasi">Generalisasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Generalisasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Generalisasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generalisasi atau perluasan makna adalah perubahan makna sesuatu yang cakupam makna sekarang lebih luas dari kata asalnya. Contoh: Presiden, Ayah, Ibu, Anak, Saudara, Putri, dsb. </p><p>Kata <i>putri,</i> semula digunakan untuk sebutan anak perempuan dari seorang raja/sultan kini maknanya meluas menjadi sebutan untuk setiap anak perempuan dari berbagai kalangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spesialisasi">Spesialisasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Spesialisasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Spesialisasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spesialisasi atau penyempitan makna adalah makna sesuatu lebih sempit dari kata asalnya. Contoh: Madrasah, Guru, Nasib, Sarjana, Pendeta, Sastra, dsb. </p><p>Kata <i>sarjana,</i> semula sebutan untuk orang pandai atau cendekiawan. Kini, sebutan untuk orang yang sudah menempuh jenjang pendidikan strata 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ameliorasi">Ameliorasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Ameliorasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ameliorasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ameliorasi atau peningkatan makna adalah perubahan makna yang mengakibatkan sebuah ungkapan menggambarkan hal yang lebih baik dari semula.<sup id="cite_ref-Harimurti_Kridalaksana2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harimurti_Kridalaksana2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contoh: Wanita, Pria, Istri, Suami, Sahabat, dsb </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peyorasi">Peyorasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Peyorasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peyorasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peyorasi atau penurunan makna adalah makna kata yang nilai yang rasanya lebih rendah dari kata sebelumnya. Contoh: Perempuan, Laki-laki, Bini, Misua, Kroni, dsb </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinestesia">Sinestesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Sinestesia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sinestesia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adalah perubahan makna akibat pertukaran tanggapan antara dua indera yang berlainan. Contoh: sorot matanya tajam saat menatapku, kata <i>tajam</i> seharusnya ditanggapi oleh Indra perasa (kulit). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asosiasi">Asosiasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Asosiasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asosiasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adalah perubahan makna yang terjadi karena persamaan sifat. Contoh: nilai ulangan kimiaku merah, kata <i>merah</i> di sini berasosiasi dengan jelek atau tidak baik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/53660888/STRUKTUR-MAKNA">Struktur Makna</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Chaedar Alwasilah, <i>Filsafat Bahasa dan Pendidikan,</i> Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2010, 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">baca Shipley, 1962;263)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Media, Kompas Cyber (2022-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2022/08/15/160000169/pengertian-peyorasi-dan-ameliorasi-beserta-contoh-kalimatnya-">"Pengertian Peyorasi dan Ameliorasi beserta Contoh Kalimatnya Halaman all"</a>. <i>KOMPAS.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOMPAS.com&rft.atitle=Pengertian+Peyorasi+dan+Ameliorasi+beserta+Contoh+Kalimatnya+Halaman+all&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.aulast=Media&rft.aufirst=Kompas+Cyber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompas.com%2Fskola%2Fread%2F2022%2F08%2F15%2F160000169%2Fpengertian-peyorasi-dan-ameliorasi-beserta-contoh-kalimatnya-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AArti" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harimurti_Kridalaksana2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harimurti_Kridalaksana2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Harimurti_Kridalaksana" title="Harimurti Kridalaksana">Harimurti Kridalaksana</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Kamus_linguistik.html?id=5Q_xHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Kamus Linguistik</i></a>. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. hlm. 10: "ameliorasi — perubahan makna yang mengakibatkan sebuah ungkapan menggambarkan hal yang lebih baik dari semula; mis. <i>wanita</i> sekarang mempunyai arti hormat, dulu hanya beraiti 'yang diinginkan'.".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kamus+Linguistik&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=10%3A+%22ameliorasi+%E2%80%94+perubahan+makna+yang+mengakibatkan+sebuah+ungkapan+menggambarkan+hal+yang+lebih+baik+dari+semula%3B+mis.+%27%27wanita%27%27+sekarang+mempunyai+arti+hormat%2C+dulu+hanya+beraiti+%27yang+diinginkan%27.%22&rft.pub=Gramedia+Pustaka+Utama&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Harimurti+Kridalaksana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FKamus_linguistik.html%3Fid%3D5Q_xHAAACAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AArti" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arti&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akronim" title="Akronim">Akronim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonim">Antonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinonim" title="Sinonim">Sinonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polisemi" title="Polisemi">Polisemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonim" title="Homonim">Homonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon">Homofon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homograf" title="Homograf">Homograf</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arti&oldid=24079171">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arti&oldid=24079171</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_teks_Sanskerta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung teks Sanskerta (halaman belum tersedia)">Artikel mengandung teks Sanskerta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Linguistik" title="Kategori:Linguistik">Linguistik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tata_bahasa" title="Kategori:Tata bahasa">Tata bahasa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Arab" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Arab">Artikel mengandung aksara Arab</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 27 Agustus 2023, pukul 17.23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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