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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E關閉\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"hak\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"animated\" style=\"background:white\"\u003E歡迎來到客家維基百科。 Fôn-ngiàng lòi-to Hak-kâ Vì-kî-pak-khô.\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E有麼個問題做得到廳下（中文：客棧）參詳一下仔。\u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E客家維基百科已有七千篇條目，請大家好好打拼。\u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E做得試試看𠊎兜嘅\u003Ca 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kién-kie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kién-kie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kién-kie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kién-kie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Kién-kie 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kién-kie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Su̍k-sin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Su̍k-sin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Su̍k-sin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Su̍k-sin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Thi̍t-sû chok-yung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Li̍t-sṳ́" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Li̍t-sṳ́"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Li̍t-sṳ́</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Li̍t-sṳ́-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hien-chhong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hien-chhong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hien-chhong</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hien-chhong-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Hien-chhong 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hien-chhong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hói-ngoi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hói-ngoi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hói-ngoi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hói-ngoi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fông-ngièn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fông-ngièn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fông-ngièn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fông-ngièn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換 Fông-ngièn 子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fông-ngièn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thoi-péu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thoi-péu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Thoi-péu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thoi-péu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fûn-phu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fûn-phu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fûn-phu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fûn-phu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhâm-siòng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhâm-siòng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chhâm-siòng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhâm-siòng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhâm-siòng_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhâm-siòng_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Chhâm-siòng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhâm-siòng_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">"Hak-kâ-ngî" siû-thin kiên ke chhâ-phe̍t</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 68 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hakka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngayngay_a_sowal" title="Ngayngay a sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ngayngay a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لغة الهاكا – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الهاكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%97%DC%9F%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܕܗܟܐ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܕܗܟܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="هاكا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hakka" title="Idioma hakka – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma hakka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="होक्का भाषा – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="होक्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هاکا دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاکا دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হাক্কা চীনা ভাষা – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাক্কা চীনা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakaeg" title="Hakaeg – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hakaeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(llengua)" title="Hakka (llengua) – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hakka (llengua)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1h-g%C4%83-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Káh-gă-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Káh-gă-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hakka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieineeg_Haca" title="Tsieineeg Haca – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieineeg Haca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(Sprache)" title="Hakka (Sprache) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hakka (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hakka Chinese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakaa_lingvo" title="Hakaa lingvo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hakaa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_hakka" title="Chino hakka – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chino hakka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="چینی هاکا – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چینی هاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka-kiina" title="Hakka-kiina – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hakka-kiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(langue)" title="Hakka (langue) – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hakka (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="客家話 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="客家話" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hakka" title="Lingua hakka – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hakka" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkaish" title="Hakkaish – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hakkaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="होक्का भाषा – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="होक्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_bhasa" title="Hakka bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hakka bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Hakka" title="Jaku Hakka – 伊班文" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Hakka" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka" title="Bahasa Hakka – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Hakka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hakka" title="Lingua hakka – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua hakka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="客家語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Hagkah" title="Basa Hagkah – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Hagkah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_tili" title="Hakka tili – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hakka tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka" title="Bahasa Hakka – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Hakka" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4%EC%96%B4" title="하카어 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하카어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak%C5%B3_kalba" title="Hakų kalba – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hakų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="ഹക്ക – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hakka" title="Bahasa Hakka – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Hakka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟတ်ကာဘာသာစကား – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟတ်ကာဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="هاکا – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هاکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हक्का भाषा – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हक्का भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(taal)" title="Hakka (taal) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hakka (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hakka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Hakka (språk) – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hakka (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹੋੱਕਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋੱਕਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hakka" title="Język hakka – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hakka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Cin%C3%A8isa,_Hakka" title="Lenga Cinèisa, Hakka – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Cinèisa, Hakka" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ہکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hac%C3%A1" title="Língua hacá – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hacá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/nginaingayan" title="nginaingayan – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="nginaingayan" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Хакка (язык) – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хакка (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Cheenese" title="Hakka Cheenese – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hakka Cheenese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_language" title="Hakka language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hakka language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Hakka (språk) – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hakka (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichina_cha_Hakka" title="Kichina cha Hakka – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichina cha Hakka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கேசிய மொழி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கேசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาจีนฮากกา – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาจีนฮากกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_%C3%87incesi" title="Hakka Çincesi – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hakka Çincesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Khilang" title="Kari Khilang – 太魯閣文" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Khilang" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="太魯閣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Хакка теле – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хакка теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хаккаська мова – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаккаська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Kh%C3%A1ch_Gia" title="Tiếng Khách Gia – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Khách Gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="客家语 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="客家语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahmaxgai" title="Vahmaxgai – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahmaxgai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="客家话" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="客家語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kheh-ka-g%C3%AD" title="Kheh-ka-gí – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kheh-ka-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="客家話 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="客家話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33375#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Phiên-siá khiam ngî-ngièn lièn-kiet" class="wbc-editpage">Phiên-siá lièn-kiet</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Miàng-sṳ khûng-kiên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Khon nui-yùng ya̍p[c]" accesskey="c"><span>頁面/Ya̍p-mien</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96:Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Liá ya̍p ke thó-lun (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>交流/Kâu-liù</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Chhà-khon-sú"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"><span>Thu̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&oldid=82272&veaction=edit" title="Phiên-siá pún-ya̍p[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Phiên-siá</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&oldid=82272" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編寫原始碼</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=history" title="Liá ya̍p chó-siên ke pán-pún[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Khon li̍t-sṳ́</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kûng-khí-siông" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kûng-khí-siông</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"><span>Thu̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&oldid=82272&veaction=edit" title="Phiên-siá pún-ya̍p[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Phiên-siá</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&oldid=82272" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編寫原始碼</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=history"><span>Khon li̍t-sṳ́</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 一般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E9%80%A3%E5%85%A5%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="Chhiòn-phu lièn-chiap ngi̍p pún-ya̍p ke Vì-kî ya̍p-mien lie̍t-péu[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Nâi-têu lièn to liá-têu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E8%AE%8A%E6%9B%B4/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" rel="nofollow" title="Ya̍p-mien lièn-chiap chhut ke só-yû ya̍p-mien ke kiên-kói[k]" accesskey="k"><span>Siông-kôan kiên-kói</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=hak" title="Sông-chhòn tóng-on[u]" accesskey="u"><span>Sông-chhòn tóng-on</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Chhiòn-phu thi̍t-sû vùn-chông ke lie̍t-péu[q]" accesskey="q"><span>Thi̍t-sû ya̍p</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&oldid=82272" title="Liá-chak ya̍p-mien pán-pún ke ku-thin lièn-kiet"><span>Ku-thin lièn-kiet</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=info" title="更多關於此頁面的資訊"><span>Ya̍p-mien chṳ̂-sín</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&id=82272&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kôan-yî án-pân yín-yung liá-ya̍p ke chṳ̂-liau"><span>Yín-yung liá-ya̍p</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:URL%E7%B8%AE%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhak.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHak-k%25C3%25A2-ng%25C3%25AE%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D82272"><span>取得短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhak.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DHak-k%25C3%25A2-ng%25C3%25AE%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D82272"><span>下載QR碼</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yin-chho/fi-chhut </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE"><span>Kien-li̍p sû-sit</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&printable=yes" title="Pún ya̍p-mien cho-tet tá-yin ke pán-pún[p]" accesskey="p"><span>Cho-tet yin-chho ke pán-pún</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Khì-thâ chiá-moi kie-va̍k </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hakka_Chinese_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33375" title="Lièn-kiet chṳ yí-kîn lièn-chiap ke chṳ̂-liau tú-chhùn-khù hong-muk[g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hong-muk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外觀"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外觀</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>說明</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Chhiùng Wikipedia lòi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u700f\u89bd\u6b77\u53f2","title":"\u958b\u555f\u4fee\u8a02\u6642\u9593\u8ef8","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='開啟修訂時間軸' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>互動式瀏覽歷史</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&diff=prev&oldid=82271" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Hak-kâ-ngî">← Sông-hak pán-pún</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&diff=next&oldid=82272" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-next" title="Hak-kâ-ngî">Hâ-chak pán-pún →</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="hak"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">刪去的內容</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">新增的內容</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>視覺化</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"\u884c\u5167","title":"\u5728\u5167\u806f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5169\u5217\u683c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u5207\u63db"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='在內聯格式和兩列格式之間切換' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>行內</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='在內聯格式和兩列格式之間切換' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&diff=prev&oldid=82272&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"\u5728\u5167\u806f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5169\u5217\u683c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u5207\u63db"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&diff=prev&oldid=82272&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="hak"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&oldid=82271" title="Hak-kâ-ngî">2013年5月25日 (Liuk) 15:17 ke siû-thin pán-pún</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&oldid=82271" title="Hak-kâ-ngî">phiên-siá</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2013-05-25T15:17:00Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85:Hakka" class="mw-userlink" title="使用者:Hakka" data-mw-revid="82271"><bdi>Hakka</bdi></a><span class="mw-usertoollinks">（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96:Hakka" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="使用者討論:Hakka">kâu-liù</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E8%B2%A2%E7%8D%BB/Hakka" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="特殊:使用者貢獻/Hakka">Kung-hien</a>）</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:IP%E5%B0%81%E9%8E%96%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:IP封鎖豁免 (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">IP封鎖豁免者</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,299</span>筆編輯</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="Liá-he yit-chak se-mì siû-kói">se-mì</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt">→<bdi dir="ltr">Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&diff=prev&oldid=82271" title="Hak-kâ-ngî" id="differences-prevlink">← Sông-hak pán-pún</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&oldid=82272" title="Hak-kâ-ngî">2013年5月25日 (Liuk) 15:17 ke siû-thin pán-pún</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&oldid=82272" title="Hak-kâ-ngî">phiên-siá</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2013-05-25T15:17:58Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&action=edit&undoafter=82271&undo=82272" title="“撤銷”做得在編寫模式上開啟編輯寫表格來方便復原。其允許在摘要肚加入原因。">Chhí-sêu</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85:Hakka" class="mw-userlink" title="使用者:Hakka" data-mw-revid="82272"><bdi>Hakka</bdi></a><span class="mw-usertoollinks">（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96:Hakka" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="使用者討論:Hakka">kâu-liù</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E8%B2%A2%E7%8D%BB/Hakka" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="特殊:使用者貢獻/Hakka">Kung-hien</a>）</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:IP%E5%B0%81%E9%8E%96%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:IP封鎖豁免 (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">IP封鎖豁免者</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,299</span>筆編輯</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="Liá-he yit-chak se-mì siû-kói">se-mì</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt">→<bdi dir="ltr">Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE&diff=next&oldid=82272" title="Hak-kâ-ngî" id="differences-nextlink">Hâ-chak pán-pún →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Thi 38 hàng:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Thi 38 hàng:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*Hak-kâ-ngî chhòn-thúng sṳ́-yung [[Hon-sṳ]], fûn-phu vù-fap-thu kháu-chhat châng-sṳ ke péu-tha̍t vông-vông yung thùng-yîm sṳ thoi-thi; </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*Hak-kâ-ngî chhòn-thúng sṳ́-yung [[Hon-sṳ]], fûn-phu vù-fap-thu kháu-chhat châng-sṳ ke péu-tha̍t vông-vông yung thùng-yîm sṳ thoi-thi; </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k Kóng-tûng-sén yû thôi-chhut [[Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on]], m̀-ko tân-chhiang yung chhai [[Mòi-yen-fa]]；</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k Kóng-tûng-sén yû thôi-chhut [[Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on]], m̀-ko tân-chhiang yung chhai [[Mòi-yen-fa]]；</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*[[Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi]] chhai Hak-kâ-ngî thi-khî, tông-chhièn yî Ńg-kîn-fu (kîm-ha su̍k-yî Kóng-tûng-sén Ket-sî-yen), [[Thai-phû-yen]], [[Sông-hông-yen]], [[Sân-thèu]] lâu Thòi-vân vi-chú sṳ́-yung [[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]];</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*[[Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi]] chhai Hak-kâ-ngî thi-khî, tông-chhièn yî Ńg-kîn-fu (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">五經富, </ins>kîm-ha su̍k-yî Kóng-tûng-sén <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Ket-sî-yen<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>), [[Thai-phû-yen]], [[Sông-hông-yen]], [[Sân-thèu]] lâu Thòi-vân vi-chú sṳ́-yung [[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]];</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*Thòi-vân thi-khî yung-yî vi Hak-kâ-ngî chu-yîm ke he [[Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm]] (toi11 van11 hag2 ngi24 tung24 iung55 pin24 im24), heu-lòi yu kói-chin vi [[Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on]]。</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*Thòi-vân thi-khî yung-yî vi Hak-kâ-ngî chu-yîm ke he [[Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm]] (toi11 van11 hag2 ngi24 tung24 iung55 pin24 im24), heu-lòi yu kói-chin vi [[Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on]]。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>2013年5月25日 (Liuk) 15:17 ke siû-thin pán-pún</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hak" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88:Hakka_in_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hakka_in_China.png/350px-Hakka_in_China.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hakka_in_China.png/525px-Hakka_in_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hakka_in_China.png/700px-Hakka_in_China.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Hak-kâ-ngî chhai Chûng-koet ke fûn-phu <sup id="cite_ref-Chûng-koet_ngî-ngièn_thi-thù_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chûng-koet_ngî-ngièn_thi-thù-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><small>Chhâm-siòng Hak-kâ-fa <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語">Hon-sṳ pán-pún</a>. / 參詳客家語<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="客家語">漢字版本</a>。</small><br /></dd></dl> <p><b> Hak-kâ-ngî</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hon-sṳ">Hon-sṳ</a>: 客家語, yú hêm-cho <b>Hak-kâ-fa</b>, kán-chhṳ̂n Hak-Ngî) he <a href="/wiki/Hon-ng%C3%AE_chhit-thai_ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n" class="mw-redirect" title="Hon-ngî chhit-thai ngî-ngièn">Hon-ngî chhit-thai ngî-ngièn</a> chû-yit, yû chhêu-ko si-chhiên van-ngìn sṳ́-yung. Hak-ngì yû kí chûng, fûn m̀-thùng thi̍t set. Yung Hak-ngì-chá kîn-chhoî <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chûng-koet">Chûng-koet</a> nàm fông kí sén: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng" title="Kóng-tûng">Kóng-tûng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuk-kien" title="Fuk-kien">Fuk-kien</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-s%C3%AE" title="Kông-sî">Kông-sî</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-s%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-sî">Kóng-sî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Si-chh%C3%B4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-chhôn">Si-chhôn</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B9-n%C3%A0m" title="Fù-nàm">Fù-nàm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kui-ch%C3%BB" title="Kui-chû">Kui-chû</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%AD-n%C3%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoí-nám">Hoí-nám</a> taú laû <a href="/wiki/Tho%C3%AC-v%C3%A2n" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoì-vân">Thoì-vân</a>. Chhoî fà-thi chû ngoi, yû haú-tó koet-kâ tû yû hiaú-kóng Hak-ngì kai yung-chá hi kî-mìn. <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-koet" title="Yîn-koet">Yîn-koet</a> fò khì thâ <a href="/wiki/E%C3%BB-ch%C3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eû-chû">Eû-chû</a> koet-ga, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet" title="Mî-koet">Mî-koet</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AE-ch%C3%BB" title="Fî-chû">Fî-chû</a>, Nàm <a href="/wiki/Thai-ph%C3%ACn-y%C3%B2ng" title="Thai-phìn-yòng">Thai-phìn-yòng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu">Yin-thu</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AE-l%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-p%C3%AEn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fî-lṳ̍t-pîn">Fî-lṳ̍t-pîn</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2-lo%C3%AC-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mâ-loì-sî-â">Mâ-loì-sî-â</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Au-chiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Au-chiu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Au-chiu</a> tén thi fông tû yû. Ho̍k-su̍t-sông, Hak-ngî yî <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2i-yen-fa" title="Mòi-yen-fa">Mòi-yen-fa</a> cho thoi-péu; chhai Thoì-vân tú, <a href="/wiki/Si-yen" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-yen">Si-yen</a> khiông he Hak-kâ-ngî ke kha khiòng-sṳ fông-ngièn. <br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kién-kie"><span id="Ki.C3.A9n-kie"></span>Kién-kie</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Su̍k-sin"><span id="Su.CC.8Dk-sin"></span>Su̍k-sin</h3></div> <p>Hak-kâ-ngî he <a href="/wiki/Hon-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Hon-chhu̍k">Hon-chhu̍k</a> <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hak-kâ-ngìn">Hak-kâ-ngìn</a> ke mû-ngî, fûn-phu khî-vet tông kóng-fàm, pâu-koat yí <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chûng-koet">Chûng-koet</a> Thai-liu̍k tûng-nàm yèn-hói, nàm-phu, sî-phu (li-yì <a href="/wiki/Si-chh%C3%B4n" class="mw-redirect" title="Si-chhôn">Si-chhôn</a>) ke sén-fun, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3i-n%C3%A0m" title="Hói-nàm">Hói-nàm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B4ng-k%C3%B3ng" title="Hiông-kóng">Hiông-kóng</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-kie" title="Sîn-kie">Sîn-kie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n" title="Thòi-vân">Thòi-vân</a>, hói-ngoi Hak-kâ-ngìn yì-mìn thi-khî (yì <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4-l%C3%AE-khi%C3%B9-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Mô-lî-khiù-sṳ̂">Mô-lî-khiù-sṳ̂</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu">Yin-thu</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2-l%C3%B2i-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2" title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â">Mâ-lòi-sî-â</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2-p%C3%A2-ch%C3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sâ-pâ-chû">Sâ-pâ-chû</a> tén-tén) . Pí-káu si̍p-chûng ke chûng-sîm vùn-fa-khî he <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-s%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-tûng-sén">Kóng-tûng-sén</a> tûng-pet phu (chit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-t%C3%BBng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-tûng (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-tûng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-pet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-pet (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-pet</a>), <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-s%C3%AE" title="Kông-sî">Kông-sî</a> ke nàm-phu (<a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A0m-n%C3%A0m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kàm-nàm (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Kàm-nàm</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fuk-kien" title="Fuk-kien">Fuk-kien</a> ke sî-phu (chit <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%AAn-s%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mên-sî (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Mên-sî</a>), liá-têu thi-khî thúng chhṳ̂n-cho Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm sâm-kok thi-tai, ya hêm-cho Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm piê-khî. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phe̍t-ke_Hêm-fap"><span id="Phe.CC.8Dt-ke_H.C3.AAm-fap"></span>Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap</h3></div> <p>Yîn-vi “Hak-kâ” liá-chak hêm-fap pin-mò liù-hàng yî yit-têu thi-kî, ku-só Hak-kâ-ngî yû mò-séu phe̍t-ke hêm-fap. Lie̍t-péu yì-hâ poi: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><div style="width:105px">Hêm-fap</div></th> <th><div style="width:105px">Fûn-phu thi-khî</div></th> <th><div style="width:105px">Hêm-fap yù-lòi</div></th> <th>Fu-chu </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hak-kâ-fa</td> <td>Kóng-tûng tûng-phu, pet-phu; Fuk-kien sî-phu, Kông-sî sî-nàm phu tén</td> <td>siên-yû “Hak-kâ-ngìn” hêm-fap, heu yû “Hak-kâ-ngî” hêm-fap</td> <td>Chṳn-sṳt chhòng-ha̍p yin chhṳ̂n-vi Hak-kâ-ngî, Hak-ngî </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A2i-fa" title="Ngâi-fa">Ngâi-fa</a></td> <td>Ye̍t-sî, Kui-nàm tén thi-khî</td> <td>Yîn-vi thi-yit ngìn-chhṳ̂n vi Ngài (𠊎) yì tet-miàng <sup id="cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-m%C3%ACn-fa" title="Sîn-mìn-fa">Sîn-mìn-fa</a></td> <td>Kóng-sî</td> <td>Siông-tui yî <a href="/wiki/Chong-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Chong-chhu̍k">Chong-chhu̍k</a> lâu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-chhu%CC%8Dk-ng%C3%ACn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-chhu̍k-ngìn (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-chhu̍k-ngìn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hak-kâ-ngìn">Hak-kâ-ngìn</a> he sîn yì-mìn, só-yî tông-thi-ngìn hêm-cho Hak-kâ-ngî cho Sîn-mìn-fa</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mak-ke-fa" title="Mak-ke-fa">Mak-ke-fa</a></td> <td>Kóng-sî</td> <td>Yin Hak-kâ-ngî thi̍t-set chhṳ̀ “Mak-ke” yì-yèn tet-miàng <sup id="cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A0i-y%C3%A9n-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fài-yén-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Fài-yén-fa</a></td> <td>Kóng-sî <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B9ng-k%C3%BA-yen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thùng-kú-yen (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thùng-kú-yen</a> tén-thi, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B9-n%C3%A0m" title="Fù-nàm">Fù-nàm</a> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%B9-y%C3%B2ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Liù-yòng-sṳ">Liù-yòng-sṳ</a> tén phu-fun thi-khî</td> <td>Yin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%AEn-ch%C3%AAu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhîn-chêu (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Chhîn-chêu</a> Hak-sit-ngìn ngi̍p-sit fài-yén tû yì tet-miàng <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Yit-pân chṳ́-ke he Hak-ngî Thùng-kú phién. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-siang-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-siang-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-siang-fa</a></td> <td>Fù-nàm</td> <td>Ngièn-yî khì-thâ mìn-hì tui Hak-kâ-ngî ke hêm-fap</td> <td>Liù-yòng tông-thi Hak-kâ-ngìn ya chhṳ-chhṳ̂n Hak-siang-ngìn </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye%CC%8Dt-t%C3%BBng-fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye̍t-tûng-fa (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Ye̍t-tûng-fa</a></td> <td>Thoì-vân</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tho%C3%AC-v%C3%A2n_Ngit-k%C3%AD_S%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-kh%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoì-vân Ngit-kí Sṳ̀-khì">Thoì-vân Ngit-kí Sṳ̀-khì</a>, Sit-kon <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng-s%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Kóng-tûng-sén">Kóng-tûng-sén</a> ke Thoì-vân thú-mìn pûn ki-chai cho “Ye̍t-sit” fe̍t-chá “Ye̍t-tûng-ngìn”, só-yung ngî-ngièn fûn hêm-cho “Ye̍t-tûng-ngî ”，“Ye̍t-tûng” yì “Kóng-tûng”</td> <td>Hien-thoi Thoì-vân yí-kîn séu-yung liá-chúng hêm-fap </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thi̍t-sû_chok-yung"><span id="Thi.CC.8Dt-s.C3.BB_chok-yung"></span>Thi̍t-sû chok-yung</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Li̍t-sṳ́"><span id="Li.CC.8Dt-s.E1.B9.B3.CC.81"></span>Li̍t-sṳ́</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hien-chhong">Hien-chhong</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hói-ngoi"><span id="H.C3.B3i-ngoi"></span>Hói-ngoi</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fông-ngièn"><span id="F.C3.B4ng-ngi.C3.A8n"></span>Fông-ngièn</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thoi-péu"><span id="Thoi-p.C3.A9u"></span>Thoi-péu</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fûn-phu"><span id="F.C3.BBn-phu"></span>Fûn-phu</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chu-yîm_lâu_Sû-siá_hìn-sṳt"><span id="Chu-y.C3.AEm_l.C3.A2u_S.C3.BB-si.C3.A1_h.C3.ACn-s.E1.B9.B3t"></span>Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt</h2></div> <ul><li>Hak-kâ-ngî chhòn-thúng sṳ́-yung <a href="/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hon-sṳ">Hon-sṳ</a>, fûn-phu vù-fap-thu kháu-chhat châng-sṳ ke péu-tha̍t vông-vông yung thùng-yîm sṳ thoi-thi;</li> <li>Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k Kóng-tûng-sén yû thôi-chhut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak-k%C3%A2-fa_Pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm_F%C3%B4ng-on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on</a>, m̀-ko tân-chhiang yung chhai <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2i-yen-fa" title="Mòi-yen-fa">Mòi-yen-fa</a>；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-koet_Ch%C3%B3ng-l%C3%B3-fi_Chh%C3%A2i-fi" title="Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi">Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi</a> chhai Hak-kâ-ngî thi-khî, tông-chhièn yî Ńg-kîn-fu (五經富, kîm-ha su̍k-yî Kóng-tûng-sén <a href="/wiki/Ket-s%C3%AE-yen" title="Ket-sî-yen">Ket-sî-yen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thai-ph%C3%BB-yen" title="Thai-phû-yen">Thai-phû-yen</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng-h%C3%B4ng-yen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sông-hông-yen">Sông-hông-yen</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2n-th%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Sân-thèu">Sân-thèu</a> lâu Thòi-vân vi-chú sṳ́-yung <a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Pha̍k-fa-sṳ</a>;</li> <li>Thòi-vân thi-khî yung-yî vi Hak-kâ-ngî chu-yîm ke he <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_Hak-ng%C3%AE_Th%C3%BBng-yung_pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm</a> (toi11 van11 hag2 ngi24 tung24 iung55 pin24 im24), heu-lòi yu kói-chin vi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B2i-v%C3%A2n_Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE_pi%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm_f%C3%B4ng-on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on (ya̍p-mien hàn-mò chhùn-chhai)">Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhâm-siòng"><span id="Chh.C3.A2m-si.C3.B2ng"></span>Chhâm-siòng</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html">http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhâm-kháu_Vùn-hien"><span id="Chh.C3.A2m-kh.C3.A1u_V.C3.B9n-hien"></span>Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien</h2></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chûng-koet_ngî-ngièn_thi-thù-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chûng-koet_ngî-ngièn_thi-thù_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lí yùng, Yùng Chang-fî, Chông Chṳn-hîn tén. Chûng-koet Ngî-ngièn Thi-thù si̍p. Hiông-kóng: Lóng-vùn chhut-pán (Yén-tûng) Yû-han Kûng-sṳ̂, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kóng-tûng-fa_Ngiên-kiu_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Men Van-chhûn. Shám-sî sông-lo̍k “Kóng-tûng-fa” ngî-yîm ngiên-kiu [J]. Yèn-ôn Thai-ho̍k Ho̍k-po (Sa-fi Khô-ho̍k pán), 2008, 30(05), 100-103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lai Vùn-fûng. Nèn-chiu Fài-yén-ngìn Yen-ngièn Hi-kháu [J]. Nî-chhûn Ho̍k-yen Ho̍k-po, 2005. (03).</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhâm-siòng_2"><span id="Chh.C3.A2m-si.C3.B2ng_2"></span>Chhâm-siòng</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html">http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lòi chhṳ "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hak-kâ-ngî&oldid=82272">https://hak.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hak-kâ-ngî&oldid=82272</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="特殊:分類">Fûn-lui</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Ng%C3%AE-ngi%C3%A8n" title="分類:Ngî-ngièn">Ngî-ngièn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:V%C3%B9n-fa" title="分類:Vùn-fa">Vùn-fa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Hak-k%C3%A2_V%C3%B9n-fa" title="分類:Hak-kâ Vùn-fa">Hak-kâ Vùn-fa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E:Hak-k%C3%A2-ng%C3%AE" title="分類:Hak-kâ-ngî">Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Liá-chak ya̍p-mien chui-khiûn siû-thin yî 2013年5月25日 (Lî-pai-liuk) 15:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Só-yû vùn-sṳ tû-he thûng-yung <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; 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