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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">West Frisian alphabet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (July 2024)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters">Letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>West Frisian alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Upper case vowels and vowels with diacritics </th> <td>A</td> <td>Â</td> <td>E</td> <td>Ê</td> <td>É</td> <td>I/Y</td> <td>O</td> <td>Ô</td> <td>U</td> <td>Û</td> <td>Ú </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Lower case vowels and vowels with diacritics </th> <td>a</td> <td>â</td> <td>e</td> <td>ê</td> <td>é</td> <td>i/y</td> <td>o</td> <td>ô</td> <td>u</td> <td>û</td> <td>ú </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Vowel Pronunciation </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">əː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">øː</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">yː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">yː</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Upper_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper case">Upper case</a> letters </th> <td>B</td> <td>C</td> <td>D</td> <td>F</td> <td>G</td> <td>H</td> <td>J</td> <td>K</td> <td>L</td> <td>M</td> <td>N</td> <td>P</td> <td>Q</td> <td>R</td> <td>S</td> <td>T</td> <td>V</td> <td>W</td> <td>X</td> <td>Z </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">Lower case</a> letters </th> <td>b</td> <td>c</td> <td>d</td> <td>f</td> <td>g</td> <td>h</td> <td>j</td> <td>k</td> <td>l</td> <td>m</td> <td>n</td> <td>p</td> <td>q</td> <td>r</td> <td>s</td> <td>t</td> <td>v</td> <td>w</td> <td>x</td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Letter Pronunciation </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">beː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tseː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">deː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛf</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣeː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">haː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jeː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kaː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛl</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛm</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛn</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">peː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kuː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛr</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛs</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">teː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">feː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">veː</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iks</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tzɛd</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabetical_order">Alphabetical order</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alphabetical order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In alphabetical listings both I and Y are usually found between H and J. When two words differ only because one has I and the other one has Y (stikje or stykje), the word with I precedes the one with Y. </p><p>In handwriting, IJ is written as a single letter (see <a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ (digraph)</a>), whereas in print the string IJ is used. In alphabetical listings IJ is most commonly considered to consist of the two letters I and J, although in dictionaries there is an entry IJ between X and Z telling the user to look browse back to I. </p><p>Alternatively, Y and IJ are rarely considered either variants of one letter positioned between X and Z, or two separate letters ordered in the alphabet as X – IJ – Y – Z. Gouden Gids bv has used the latter ordering system in the past for its bilingual (Frisian/Dutch) telephone directory "Nationale telefoongids". </p><p>Capital IJ is quite rare. It only shows in the word <b>ijsko</b> (ice-cream) and in some names. Capital C, V and Z are mainly used for English loanwords like <b>cake</b>, <b>virtual reality</b> and <b>ZIP</b> and proper nouns like <b>Chantal</b>, <b>Veldman</b> and <b>Zorro</b>. </p><p>Both capital and lower-case C are mainly restricted to the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> CH. Proper nouns and English loans are exceptions. Both capital and lower case Q and X are restricted to proper nouns and English loans. </p><p>Common digraphs are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Digraph </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <th>CH </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">voiceless velar fricative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>NG </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>SJ </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sʲ]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalised</a> <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless alveolar sibilant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ZJ </th> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zʲ]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalised</a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant">voiced alveolar sibilant</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diacritics">Diacritics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A, E, U and O may be accompanied by circumflex or acute diacritics, as shown in the table above this article. The accented letters have sound values of their own. In handwriting, diacritics are fairly common though not obligatory on capitals. In print, diacritics are not commonly used on capital letters, and these vowels are normally replaced by their unaccented counterparts. </p><p>Letters with diacritics take no independent position in the alphabet. They are listed in the same places as their unaccented counterparts. When words differ only by the diacritics on the letters, the word with the unaccented letter precedes the one with the <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a>. That one precedes the word with the <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute</a>. Hence the order: <b>tut</b>, <b>tût</b>, <b>tút</b>. </p><p>Proper nouns and loanwords that are originally written in one of the <a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Latin-script alphabets</a> usually retain their diacritics as far as the keyboard at hand allows for. The same holds for letters not common in the Frisian alphabet. </p><p>The diaeresis or trema is used on vowel letters to indicate the onset of a new syllable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070201235444/http://www.allezhop.de/frysk/staver_e.htm">West Frisian spelling (archived)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/frisian.htm">Omniglot</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_alphabet&oldid=1235719017">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Frisian_alphabet&oldid=1235719017</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_alphabets" title="Category:Latin alphabets">Latin alphabets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification">All Wikipedia articles needing clarification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_July_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 July 2024, at 21:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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