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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_by_Diodotus_Tryphon_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Capture by Diodotus Tryphon and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_by_Diodotus_Tryphon_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Apphus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Йонатан Хасмоней – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йонатан Хасмоней" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_Macabeu" title="Jonatan Macabeu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jonatan Macabeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_(Hasmon%C3%A4er)" title="Jonatan (Hasmonäer) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jonatan (Hasmonäer)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%91%CF%80%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82" title="Ιωνάθαν Απφούς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωνάθαν Απφούς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonat%C3%A1n_Macabeo" title="Jonatán Macabeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jonatán Macabeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_Makabearra" title="Jonatan Makabearra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jonatan Makabearra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_(hasmon%C3%A9en)" title="Jonathan (hasmonéen) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jonathan (hasmonéen)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A8_%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EB%B2%A0%EC%98%A4" title="요나단 마카베오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요나단 마카베오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonatan_Apfus" title="Yonatan Apfus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yonatan Apfus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gionata_Maccabeo" title="Gionata Maccabeo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gionata Maccabeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99" title="יונתן הוופסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יונתן הוופסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonat%C3%A1n_Makkabeus" title="Jonatán Makkabeus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jonatán Makkabeus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B4nat%C3%A0na_Makabeo" title="Jônatàna Makabeo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jônatàna Makabeo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Makkabe%C3%BCs" title="Jonathan Makkabeüs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jonathan Makkabeüs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8A%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E6%9C%9D)" title="ヨナタン (ハスモン朝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨナタン (ハスモン朝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_Apphus" title="Jonatan Apphus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jonatan Apphus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_Machabeusz" title="Jonatan Machabeusz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jonatan Machabeusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ионатан Хасмоней – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ионатан Хасмоней" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" title="Јонатан Апфус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јонатан Апфус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_Makabejac" title="Jonatan Makabejac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jonatan Makabejac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Apphus" title="Jonathan Apphus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jonathan Apphus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonatan_Apfus" title="Yonatan Apfus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yonatan Apfus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Йонатан Хасмоней – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йонатан Хасмоней" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99" title="יונתן הוופסי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יונתן הוופסי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%8B%BF%E5%96%AE%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E8%85%93%E6%96%AF" title="約拿單·亞腓斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Leader of the Hasmonean dynasty from 161 to 143 BCE</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Jonathan Apphus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg/220px-Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg/330px-Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg/440px-Jonathan_Apphus_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">16th-century French <a href="/wiki/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist’s impression">artist’s impression</a> of Jonathan Apphus, from <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Guillaume Rouillé">Guillaume Rouillé</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Promptuarii_Iconum_Insigniorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum">Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Leader of the Maccabees</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">161–143 BCE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judah_Maccabee" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah Maccabee">Judah Maccabee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest of Judaea</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">143 BCE<br /><a href="/wiki/Baskama" title="Baskama">Baskama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Modi%27in_(ancient_city)" title="Modi'in (ancient city)">Modi'in</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mattathias" title="Mattathias">Mattathias</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a></b> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit">improve this article</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jonathan Apphus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יוֹנָתָן‎ אַפְּפוּס</span>‎ <i>Yōnāṯān ʾApfūs</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: Ἰωνάθαν Ἀπφοῦς, <i>Iōnáthan Apphoûs</i>) was one of the sons of <a href="/wiki/Mattathias" title="Mattathias">Mattathias</a> and the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> from 161 to 143 BCE. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>H J Wolf notes that all of Mattathias' sons listed in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Maccabees%202:2–5&version=nrsvae">1 Maccabees 2:2–5</a> had double names: <a href="/wiki/John_Gaddi" title="John Gaddi">John</a> is said to have been called Gaddis; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon</a>, Thassi; <a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabeus" title="Judas Maccabeus">Judas</a>, Maccabeus; <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_Avaran" title="Eleazar Avaran">Eleazar</a>, Avaran and Jonathan, Apphus.<sup id="cite_ref-wolf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Uriel_Rappaport" title="Uriel Rappaport">Uriel Rappaport</a> writes that "we do not have an explanation for the nicknames of Mattathias' sons".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wolf suggests that the name was given to him by Mattathias and that the common explanation of the word "Apphus" relates it to the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> <i>choppus</i>, "the dissembler". The <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Bible_Encyclopedia" title="International Standard Bible Encyclopedia">International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</a>'s article on the <a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a> suggests the meaning is "the wary",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Torrey (in the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Biblica" title="Encyclopaedia Biblica">Encyclopedia Biblica</a></i> article, "Maccabees") points out that we have no means of ascertaining with what <a href="/wiki/Guttural_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Guttural consonant">guttural consonant</a> the word began, or what <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> consonant the Greek "s" represents, and so "both the form and meaning of the name are, therefore, still to be explained".<sup id="cite_ref-wolf_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Jews">Leader of the Jews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leader of the Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG/200px-Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG/300px-Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG/400px-Judea_Jonathan_Makk.PNG 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Judea under Jonathan Maccabaeus<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> situation in 160 BC</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:fuchsia; color:black;"> </span> area conquered</div></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the narrative in <a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a>, Jonathan Apphus was the youngest of the five sons of <a href="/wiki/Mattathias" title="Mattathias">Mattathias</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His father was a <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">priest</a> credited as the founding figure of the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">rebellion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a> against <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>. However Mattathias died in 167 BCE while the rebellion was only beginning. </p><p>He was survived by Jonathan and his brothers <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_Avaran" title="Eleazar Avaran">Eleazar Avaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Gaddi" title="John Gaddi">Johanan</a> (John Gaddi), <a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabeus" title="Judas Maccabeus">Judah Maccabee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a>. They were sworn to continue the rebellion of their father. Judah soon became their leader and the military chief of the rebellion. </p><p>Jonathan served under his brother and took active parts in the battles against the Seleucid forces. Judah fell in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elasa" title="Battle of Elasa">Battle of Elasa</a> (161/160 BCE) against <a href="/wiki/Bacchides_(general)" title="Bacchides (general)">Bacchides</a>, a Seleucid general under <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a>. Bacchides proceeded with crushing rigor against the Maccabean party while at the same time a <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> broke out in the land. The <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> rebels required a new leader and Jonathan was chosen. </p><p>Jonathan noticed that Bacchides was trying to entrap him. He reacted by retiring with his brothers Simon and John, and his followers to a desert region in the country east of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>. They set camp near a morass by the name of Asphar. But Bacchides followed him there and overtook them during <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>. Jonathan gave all the baggage into the hands of his brother John who took a small force and headed towards the friendly <a href="/wiki/Nabataeans" title="Nabataeans">Nabataeans</a>. The plan was to secure their baggage there but the "sons of Jambri of <a href="/wiki/Madaba" title="Madaba">Medeba</a>", a hostile tribe apparently, ambushed them during their journey. John and his companions were killed and their cargo was <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looted</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Jonathan was informed that one of the sons of Jambri was leading home a noble bride in great pomp, the Maccabean brothers proceeded to Medaba, ambushed the bridal procession, killed the entire party, to the number of 300, and seized all the treasure.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jonathan and his companions met Bacchides in battle at the River Jordan. Jonathan had encountered and had raised his hand to slay Bacchides, when the latter evaded the blow; the Jews, defeated, sought refuge by swimming through the Jordan to the eastern bank. In this battle Bacchides is reported to have lost either 1,000 or 2,000 men and he did not make another attempt to cross the river, instead returning to Jerusalem. Jonathan and his forces remained in the <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamp</a> in the country east of the Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the death of <a href="/wiki/Alcimus" title="Alcimus">Alcimus</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> sometime later, Bacchides left the country.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turn_of_fate">Turn of fate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Turn of fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However Jonathan was not idle. He continued activities against the Jews influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic civilization</a>. Two years after the departure of Bacchides from Judea, <a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra</a> felt sufficiently threatened to contact Demetrius and request the return of Bacchides to their territory. </p><p>Jonathan was now more experienced in <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>, the primary tactic used by the Maccabean forces, and was constantly on guard to avoid direct confrontations with enemy forces even while continuing hostile operations. A frustrated Bacchides reportedly took out his anger on the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenists</a> and reportedly killed fifty of their leaders out of frustration. Jonathan and Simeon thought it well to retreat farther, and accordingly fortified in the desert a place called Beth-hogla;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there they were <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieged</a> several days by Bacchides. </p><p>Jonathan perceived that Bacchides regretted having set out. He contacted the rival general with offers of a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> and exchange of <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>. Bacchides readily consented and even took an <a href="/wiki/Oath" title="Oath">oath</a> of nevermore making war upon Jonathan. He and his forces then vacated Judea. The victorious Jonathan now took up his residence in the old city of <a href="/wiki/Michmash" class="mw-redirect" title="Michmash">Michmash</a>. From there he endeavored to clear the land of "the <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">godless</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostate</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_Priest">High Priest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: High Priest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jonathan appears to have used this peaceful period to good advantage, for he was soon in possession of great power. An important external event brought the design of the Maccabeans to fruition. <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a>'s relations with <a href="/wiki/Attalus_II_Philadelphus" title="Attalus II Philadelphus">Attalus II Philadelphus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a> (reigned 159 - 138 BCE), <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VI of Egypt">Ptolemy VI of Egypt</a> (reigned 163 - 145 BCE) and his co-ruler <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II of Egypt</a> were deteriorating. They supported rival claimant to the throne <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Balas" title="Alexander Balas">Alexander Balas</a>, who claimed to be the son of <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a> and a first cousin of Demetrius, against him. </p><p>Demetrius was now forced to recall the garrisons of Judea, except those at Jerusalem's Akra fortress and at Beth-zur; he also made a bid for the loyalty of Jonathan, whom he permitted to recruit an army and to take the hostages kept in the Akra fortress. Jonathan gladly accepted these terms and took up residence at Jerusalem in 153 BCE. He soon began fortifying the city. </p><p>Alexander Balas also contacted Jonathan with even more favorable terms. Including official appointment as <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest</a> in Jerusalem. Withdrawing his support from Demetrius and declaring allegiance to Alexander, Jonathan was the first member of his dynasty to achieve appointment as High Priest. The title was not merely nominal. Jonathan became the official leader of his people and the Hellenistic party could no longer attack him without severe consequences. On the <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Feast of Tabernacles</a> of 153 BCE, Jonathan put on the High Priest's <a href="/wiki/Biblical_clothing#Israelite_priests" title="Biblical clothing">garments</a> and officiated for the first time. It is unknown whom Jonathan displaced as High Priest, though some scholars suggest that this was the <a href="/wiki/Teacher_of_Righteousness" title="Teacher of Righteousness">Teacher of Righteousness</a>, later founder of the <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>. In this theory, Jonathan is considered the "<a href="/wiki/Wicked_Priest" title="Wicked Priest">Wicked Priest</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jonathan had determined to side with Alexander Balas, not trusting Demetrius, who in a second letter made promises that he could hardly have kept and conceded prerogatives that were almost impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius subsequently lost his throne and life in 150 BCE. Alexander Balas was victorious and sole ruler of the Seleucid Empire. He was given the further honor of marriage to <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Thea" title="Cleopatra Thea">Cleopatra Thea</a>, daughter of his allies Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II. </p><p>The wedding took place in <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a> in the presence of Ptolemy VI. Jonathan was invited but arrived after the wedding ceremony while celebrations continued. He appeared with presents for both kings, and was permitted to sit between them as their equal; Balas even clothed him with his own royal garment and otherwise accorded him high honor. He would not listen to the Hellenistic party that still accused Jonathan, but appointed Jonathan as <a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Meridarch" title="Meridarch">meridarch</a>" (i.e., civil governor of a province; details not found in Josephus), and sent him back with honors to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victory_over_Apollonius">Victory over Apollonius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Victory over Apollonius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg/220px-146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg/330px-146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg/440px-146.Jonathan_Destroys_the_Temple_of_Dagon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2301" data-file-height="2904" /></a><figcaption>Jonathan destroying the temple of Dagon, by Gustave Doré</figcaption></figure> <p>Jonathan proved grateful. In 147 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Nicator" title="Demetrius II Nicator">Demetrius II Nicator</a>, a son of Demetrius I Soter, started claiming the throne against Alexander Balas. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollonius_Taos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apollonius Taos (page does not exist)">Apollonius Taos</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a> was probably supporting Demetrius. But he used the opportunity to challenge Jonathan to battle, saying that the Jews might for once leave the <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a> and venture out into the <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jonathan and Simon led a force of 10,000 men against <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> where the forces of Apollonius lay. Not expecting an attack this early in the hostilities, Jaffa was not prepared for a siege, and the gates were opened before the Jewish forces out of fear. </p><p>But the victory was not yet certain. Apollonius received reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Ashdod_(ancient_city)" title="Ashdod (ancient city)">Azotus</a> and appeared in the plain in charge of 3,000 men. They were clearly outnumbered, but Apollonius, relying on his superior <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>, forced Jonathan to engage in battle. Jonathan assaulted, captured and, burned Azotus along with the resident temple of <a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagon</a> and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">villages</a>. </p><p>In reward of his victory, Alexander Balas granted the High Priest the city of <a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a>, along with its outlying territory. The people of Azotus vainly complained to King Ptolemy VI, who had come to make war upon his son-in-law Alexander Balas, that Jonathan had destroyed their city and temple. Jonathan peacefully met Ptolemy at Jaffa and accompanied him as far as the <a href="/wiki/Nahr_al-Kabir" title="Nahr al-Kabir">River Eleutherus</a>. He then returned to Jerusalem, maintaining peace with the King of Egypt despite their support for different contenders for the Seleucid throne.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Under_Demetrius_II">Under Demetrius II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Under Demetrius II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 145 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antioch_(145_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Antioch (145 BC)">Battle of Antioch</a> resulted in the final defeat of Alexander Balas by the forces of his father-in-law, Ptolemy VI. Ptolemy himself was however among the casualties of the battle. Demetrius II Nicator remained sole ruler of the Seleucid Empire and became the second husband of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Thea" title="Cleopatra Thea">Cleopatra Thea</a>. </p><p>Jonathan owed no allegiance to the new king, and took this opportunity to lay siege to the Seleucid fortress in Jerusalem and the symbol of Seleucid control over Judea. It was heavily garrisoned by a Seleucid force, and offered asylum to Jewish Hellenists.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius was very angry; he appeared with an army at <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a>, and ordered Jonathan to come before him. Without raising the siege, Jonathan, accompanied by the elders and priests, went to the king, and pacified him with presents, so that the king not only confirmed him in his office of high priest, but gave to him the three <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> <a href="/wiki/Toparchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Toparchies">toparchies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ephraim" title="Mount Ephraim">Mount Ephraim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ramathaim-Zophim" title="Ramathaim-Zophim">Ramathaim-Zophim</a>. In exchange for 300 <a href="/wiki/Talent_(measurement)" title="Talent (measurement)">talents</a> of silver, the entire country was exempted from <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a>, the exemption being confirmed in a letter which is preserved by I Maccabees and Josephus.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon, however, a new claimant to the Seleucid throne appeared in the young <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VI_Dionysus" title="Antiochus VI Dionysus">Antiochus VI Dionysus</a>, son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea. He was three years old at most, but general <a href="/wiki/Diodotus_Tryphon" title="Diodotus Tryphon">Diodotus Tryphon</a> used him to advance his own designs for the throne. In face of this new enemy, Demetrius promised to withdraw the garrison from Jerusalem, if Jonathan, who he now called his ally, would send troops. 3,000 of Jonathan's men protected Demetrius in his capital, <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, against his own subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support_for_Tryphon">Support for Tryphon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Support for Tryphon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Demetrius II did not keep his promise, Jonathan thought it better to support the new king when Diodotus Tryphon and Antiochus VI seized the capital. The latter confirmed all his rights and appointed his brother Simon <a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a> of the seacoast, from the "Ladder of <a href="/wiki/Tyre_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre (Lebanon)">Tyre</a>" to the frontier of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Egypt</a>. Jonathan and Simon toured the region, removing Demetrius II's garrisons; <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a> submitted voluntarily, while <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> was taken by force. Jonathan defeated a force of Demetrius II which invaded from the north, in the plain of <a href="/wiki/Azor" title="Azor">Azor</a>, and drove them back over the Eleutherius River. Meanwhile, Simon took the strong fortress of <a href="/wiki/Beth_Zur" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Zur">Beth Zur</a> and replaced Demetrius II's garrison with his own.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sources report that Jonathan sought alliances with foreign peoples at this time. He renewed the treaty with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, and exchanged friendly messages with <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> and other places.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capture_by_Diodotus_Tryphon_and_death">Capture by Diodotus Tryphon and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Capture by Diodotus Tryphon and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 143 BCE, Diodotus Tryphon went with an army to Judea and invited Jonathan to <a href="/wiki/Bet_She%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Bet She'an">Scythopolis</a> for a friendly conference, and persuaded him to dismiss his army of 40,000 men, promising to give him Ptolemais and other fortresses. Jonathan fell into the trap; he took with him to Ptolemais 1,000 men, all of whom were slain; he himself was taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Tryphon was about to enter Judea at <a href="/wiki/Hadid" title="Hadid">Hadid</a>, he was confronted by a battle-ready Simon. Tryphon, avoiding an engagement, demanded one hundred <a href="/wiki/Talent_(weight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talent (weight)">talents</a> of silver and Jonathan's two sons as hostages, in return for which he promised to liberate Jonathan. Although Simon did not trust Tryphon, he complied with the request in order that he might not be accused of the death of his brother. Tryphon did not liberate his prisoner; angry that Simon blocked his way everywhere and that he could accomplish nothing, he executed Jonathan at <a href="/wiki/Baskama" title="Baskama">Baskama</a>, in the country east of the Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jonathan was buried by Simon at <a href="/wiki/Modi%27in_(ancient_city)" title="Modi'in (ancient city)">Modi'in</a>. Nothing is known of his two captive sons. One of his daughters was an ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Jewish leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasmonean_and_Herodian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers">List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Apphus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wolf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wolf_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolf_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolf, H. J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Apphus">APPHUS</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Bible_Encyclopedia" title="International Standard Bible Encyclopedia">International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRappaport2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Uriel_Rappaport" title="Uriel Rappaport">Rappaport, Uriel</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198755005.001.0001/acref-9780198755005-chapter-51">"1 Maccabees"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Barton_(theologian)" title="John Barton (theologian)">Barton, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Muddiman" title="John Muddiman">Muddiman, John</a> (eds.). <i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i> (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191979897" title="Special:BookSources/9780191979897"><bdi>9780191979897</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+Maccabees&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780191979897&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=Uriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198755005.001.0001%2Facref-9780198755005-chapter-51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJonathan+Apphus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/topical/m/maccabees.htm">MACCABAEUS; MACCABEES</a>, accessed 25 December 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/I_Maccabees" class="mw-redirect" title="I Maccabees">I Macc.</a> 9.32-36; <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i> 13.1.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 9.37-49 places this before the battle with Bacchides; Josephus, 13.1.4 places it after.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 9.43-53; Josephus <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.1.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 9.54-57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">("Bet Ḥoglah" for Βηθαλαγά in Josephus; I Macc. has Βαιδβασὶ, perhaps = Bet Bosem or Bet Bassim ["spice-house"], near <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a> or Beth-basi (Βαιθβασί - 1 Maccabees 9:62, 64) meaning "house of marshes." Per <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/bethbasi">https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/bethbasi</a> "According to G. A. Smith there is a Wady el-Bassah East of Tekoa in the wilderness of Judea. The name means "marsh," which Dr. Smith thinks impossible, and really 'an echo of an ancient name.'" - See more at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/B/bethbasi.html">http://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/B/bethbasi.html</a> )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. ix. 55-73; Josephus, <i>l.c.</i> xiii. 1, §§ 5-6). The chief source, the First Book of the Maccabees, says that with this "the sword ceased in Israel"; and in fact nothing is reported for the five following years (158 - 153 BCE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van der Water, 2003, p. 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. x. 1-46; Josephus, "Ant." xiii. 2, §§ 1-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. x. 51-66; Josephus, "Ant." xiii. 4, § 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottheil,_RichardKrauss,_Samuel1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gottheil, Richard; Krauss, Samuel (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8773-jonathan-maccabeus">"Jonathan Maccabeus"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jonathan+Maccabeus&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.au=Gottheil%2C+Richard&rft.au=Krauss%2C+Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F8773-jonathan-maccabeus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJonathan+Apphus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. x. 67-89, xi. 1-7; Josephus, <i>l.c.</i> xiii. 4, §§ 3-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 11.20; Josephus, <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.4.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 11.30-11.37; Josephus, <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.4.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 11.21-52; Josephus, <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.4.9; 13.5.2-3; "R. E. J." 45.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 11.53-74; Josephus, <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.5.3-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 12.1-12.23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 12.33-38, 41-53; Josephus, <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.5.10; 13.6.1-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I Macc. 13.12-30; Josephus, <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> 13.6.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, "Vita," 1</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Jonathan Apphus </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Hasmonean Dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 143 BCE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Judas Maccabaeus">Judas Maccabaeus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Leader of the Maccabees</a> </b><br />160 BCE – 143 BCE </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Last known predecessor <a href="/wiki/Alcimus" title="Alcimus">Alcimus</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest of Jerusalem</a> </b><br />152 BCE – 143 BCE </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abishua" title="Abishua">Abishua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukki" title="Bukki">Bukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzi" title="Uzzi">Uzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahitub_(High_Priest)" title="Ahitub (High Priest)">Ahitub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah" title="Ahijah">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimaaz" title="Ahimaaz">Ahimaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(High_Priest)" title="Azariah (High Priest)">Azariah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joash_(High_Priest)" title="Joash (High Priest)">Joash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiarib" title="Jehoiarib">Jehoiarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat_(High_Priest)" title="Jehoshaphat (High Priest)">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiada" title="Jehoiada">Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediah" title="Pediah">Pediah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah_(High_Priest)" title="Zedekiah (High Priest)">Zedekiah</a></li> <li>Joel</li> <li>Jotham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(Book_of_Kings)" title="Uriah (Book of Kings)">Uriah</a></li> <li>Neria</li> <li>Hoshaiah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shallum (High Priest)">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilkiah" title="Hilkiah">Hilkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azariah_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azariah IV (page does not exist)">Azariah IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraiah_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraiah (High Priest)">Seraiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">exilic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joiakim_(High_Priest)" title="Joiakim (High Priest)">Joiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliashib_(High_Priest)" title="Eliashib (High Priest)">Eliashib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joiada" title="Joiada">Joiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanan_(High_Priest)" title="Johanan (High Priest)">Johanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaddua" title="Jaddua">Jaddua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_I" title="Onias I">Onias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_I_(High_Priest)" title="Simon I (High Priest)">Simon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_(High_Priest)" title="Eleazar (High Priest)">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(High_Priest)" title="Manasseh (High Priest)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_II" title="Onias II">Onias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_II_(High_Priest)" title="Simon II (High Priest)">Simon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_III" title="Onias III">Onias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(High_Priest)" title="Jason (High Priest)">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(High_Priest)" title="Menelaus (High Priest)">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_IV" title="Onias IV">Onias IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimus" title="Alcimus">Alcimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean<br />dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jonathan Apphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">Hyrcanus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I">Aristobulus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a><br />to the<br /><a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">Jewish Revolt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananelus" title="Ananelus">Ananelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_III_of_Judea" title="Aristobulus III of Judea">Aristobulus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananelus" title="Ananelus">Ananelus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus,_son_of_Fabus" title="Jesus, son of Fabus">Jesus, son of Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_son_of_Boethus" title="Simon son of Boethus">Simon ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_ben_Theophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias ben Theophilus (page does not exist)">Matthias ben Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joazar ben Boethus">Joazar ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Boethus">Eleazar ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Sie" title="Joshua ben Sie">Joshua ben Sie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joazar ben Boethus">Joazar ben Boethus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Fabus" title="Ishmael ben Fabus">Ishmael ben Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Ananus">Eleazar ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_ben_Camithus" title="Simon ben Camithus">Simon ben Camithus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_ben_Ananus" title="Theophilus ben Ananus">Theophilus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cantatheras_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus">Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias ben Ananus">Matthias ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioneus_ben_Simon_Cantatheras" class="mw-redirect" title="Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras">Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephus_ben_Camydus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephus ben Camydus (page does not exist)">Josephus ben Camydus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(High_Priest)" title="Jonathan (High Priest)">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Fabus" title="Ishmael ben Fabus">Ishmael ben Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cabi_ben_Simon" title="Joseph Cabi ben Simon">Joseph Cabi ben Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananus_ben_Ananus" title="Ananus ben Ananus">Ananus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_son_of_Damneus" title="Jesus son of Damneus">Jesus son of Damneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Gamla" title="Joshua ben Gamla">Joshua ben Gamla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattathias_ben_Theophilus" title="Mattathias ben Theophilus">Mattathias ben Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phannias_ben_Samuel" title="Phannias ben Samuel">Phannias ben Samuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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