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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>功能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水庫造成溫室氣體排放" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水庫造成溫室氣體排放"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>水庫造成溫室氣體排放</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水庫造成溫室氣體排放-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對人類的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對人類的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>對人類的影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對人類的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不良影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不良影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>不良影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不良影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水庫死亡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水庫死亡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>水庫死亡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水庫死亡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>命名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分级" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分级"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>分级</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分级-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>水位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-库容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#库容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>库容</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-库容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最大的水庫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最大的水庫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>最大的水庫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最大的水庫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">水庫</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。78种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stausee" title="Stausee – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stausee" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entibo" title="Entibo – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Entibo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="خزان مائي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خزان مائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بحيرة تخزين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بحيرة تخزين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_anbar%C4%B1" title="Su anbarı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Su anbarı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvenk%C4%97nis" title="Tvenkėnis – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tvenkėnis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Вадасховішча – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вадасховішча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Вадасховішча – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вадасховішча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Язовир – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Язовир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জলাধার – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলাধার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ་མཛོད། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ་མཛོད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassament" title="Embassament – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Embassament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99ehradn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1dr%C5%BE" title="Přehradní nádrž – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přehradní nádrž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Шыв усравĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шыв усравĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronfa_dd%C5%B5r" title="Cronfa ddŵr – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cronfa ddŵr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stausee" title="Stausee – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stausee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Τεχνητή λίμνη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνητή λίμνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara%C4%B5lago" title="Baraĵlago – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baraĵlago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalse" title="Embalse – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Embalse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisj%C3%A4rv" title="Paisjärv – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paisjärv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urtegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="مخزن سد – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مخزن سد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varastoallas" title="Varastoallas – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varastoallas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_barrage" title="Lac de barrage – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lac de barrage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opslachmar" title="Opslachmar – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Opslachmar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiscumar" title="Taiscumar – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taiscumar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מאגר מים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאגר מים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="जलाशय – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलाशय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetno_jezero" title="Umjetno jezero – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umjetno jezero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ջրամբար – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրամբար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waduk" title="Waduk – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waduk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacino_(idraulica)" title="Bacino (idraulica) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bacino (idraulica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%AF%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A0" title="貯水池 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貯水池" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadhuk" title="Wadhuk – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wadhuk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="წყალსაცავი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალსაცავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Су қоймасы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Су қоймасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜಲಾಶಯ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಾಶಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%88%98%EC%A7%80" title="저수지 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저수지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gola_bend%C3%AE" title="Gola bendî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gola bendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Суу сактагыч – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суу сактагыч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptaculum_aquae" title="Receptaculum aquae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Receptaculum aquae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvenkinys" title="Tvenkinys – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tvenkinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudi%C5%86ture" title="Iudiņture – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iudiņture" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAdenskr%C4%81tuve" title="Ūdenskrātuve – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdenskrātuve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ведень ванфтома вастсь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведень ванфтома вастсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Вештачко езеро – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вештачко езеро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takungan" title="Takungan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Takungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%B6" title="ရေလှောင်တမံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေလှောင်တမံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="जलाशय – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जलाशय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuwmeer" title="Stuwmeer – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stuwmeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassreservoar" title="Vassreservoar – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vassreservoar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoar_(hydrologi)" title="Reservoar (hydrologi) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reservoar (hydrologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotinvezist%C3%B6" title="Plotinvezistö – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Plotinvezistö" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbiornik_zaporowy" title="Zbiornik zaporowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zbiornik zaporowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hark%27a_qucha" title="Hark'a qucha – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hark'a qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_acumulare" title="Lac de acumulare – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lac de acumulare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Водохранилище – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водохранилище" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81" title="ජලාශ – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලාශ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priehradn%C3%A1_n%C3%A1dr%C5%BE" title="Priehradná nádrž – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Priehradná nádrž" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akumulacijsko_jezero" title="Akumulacijsko jezero – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Akumulacijsko jezero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Вештачко језеро – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вештачко језеро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vattenmagasin" title="Vattenmagasin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vattenmagasin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பல்நோக்கு நீர்த்தேக்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்நோக்கு நீர்த்தேக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="జలాశయము – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జలాశయము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="อ่างเก็บน้ำ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อ่างเก็บน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraj_g%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Baraj gölü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baraj gölü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Сусаклагыч – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сусаклагыч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Водосховище – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водосховище" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv_ombori" title="Suv ombori – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suv ombori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_ch%E1%BB%A9a_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Hồ chứa nước – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồ chứa nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="水库 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水库" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8" title="רעזערוואואר – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעזערוואואר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-kh%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chúi-khò͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-khò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%98" title="水塘 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水塘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="Talk:水庫">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目已<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">列出參考資料</a>，但<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8" title="Help:脚注">文內引註</a>不足，<b>部分內容的來源仍然不明</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请加上合适的文內引註加以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit">改善</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB%22">"水庫"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-2e0d8ebf" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Ecology"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:壩;zh-cn:坝;"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg/220px-Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg/330px-Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg/440px-Fetsui_Reservoir_aerial_photography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A1%E7%BF%A0%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="翡翠水庫">翡翠水庫</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Gorges_Dam,_China_-_natural_colours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Three_Gorges_Dam%2C_China_-_natural_colours.jpg/220px-Three_Gorges_Dam%2C_China_-_natural_colours.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Three_Gorges_Dam%2C_China_-_natural_colours.jpg/330px-Three_Gorges_Dam%2C_China_-_natural_colours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Three_Gorges_Dam%2C_China_-_natural_colours.jpg/440px-Three_Gorges_Dam%2C_China_-_natural_colours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="三峡水库">三峽水庫</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>水庫</b>是指人工造出的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水体">水体</a>，规模较大的称为<b>人工湖</b>，而較小的則稱為<b>水塘</b>、<b>塘坝</b>或<b>蓄水池</b>。大多数水库都修建于<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%99%86" class="mw-disambig" title="内陆">内陆</a>，一般的形成方法是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>的中上流建造<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="堤壩">堤壩</a>，河水受阻后把<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="河谷">河谷</a>淹没後便形成人造<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a>；不過也有的水庫是建於海上的，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E7%81%A3%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%B9%96" title="船灣淡水湖">船灣淡水湖</a>。水壩一般都建於狹窄的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="谷地">谷地</a>，因為兩岸的山坡可以作為水庫的天然圍牆，而水壩的动工長度也可大大縮短。興建之前，將被水淹地帶的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="民居">民居</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%B9%9F" title="古蹟">古蹟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="铁路">铁路</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="公路">公路</a>等设施和建築物需要被移到其他地方。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="功能"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>功能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>发电：利用水壩上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="水力发电">水力</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="發電機">發電機</a>來產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%83%BD" title="电能">电能</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉">灌溉</a>：利用水库来水的季节差、年度差，蓄积、抬高<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%8D" title="水位">水位</a>，保证下游<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉">灌区</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>用水。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="供水">供水</a>：蓄积水量，确保城市<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用水</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="工业">工业</a>用水。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA" title="防洪">防洪</a>：调节库容，削峰平谷，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="汛期">汛期</a>将上流的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪峰</a>水量用缓慢可控的节奏逐步释放，提高下游地区的防洪能力。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E8%BF%90" title="航运">航运</a>：提高<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="深度">水深</a>，淹没险滩及暗礁，有利于库区与上游的航运。水库有计划的调整下泄流量，可控制下游航道的枯水期适航性。</li> <li>养殖：水库可以用来发展<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E6%AE%96%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="養殖漁業">養殖漁業</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游">旅游</a>：水库多位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a>茂密的山区，形成人工湖后，成为当地一景，可发展<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="旅游业">旅游业</a>。</li> <li>拦蓄泥沙：减轻下游河道<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A4%E6%B3%A5" title="淤泥">淤积</a>。通过“蓄清排浑”，甚至可用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E5%AD%A3" title="雨季">丰水期</a>来水冲刷下游河道，降低下游河道标高。</li></ul> <p>其中蓄水、灌溉、发电、防洪是大多数水库的主要目的，而养殖及旅游多为附属功能，有些水庫為確保水質而不提供养殖及旅游，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A1%E7%BF%A0%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="翡翠水庫">翡翠水庫</a>。一般水库建设多着眼于其中部分功能，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="三峡水库">三峡水库</a>主要目的在于发电、防洪及航运，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%B9%BE%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="小湾水电站">小湾水电站</a>主要目的在于发电、防洪，<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%AE%9C%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="萬宜水庫">萬宜水庫</a>则为了提供饮用水源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水庫造成溫室氣體排放"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.BA.AB.E9.80.A0.E6.88.90.E6.BA.AB.E5.AE.A4.E6.B0.A3.E9.AB.94.E6.8E.92.E6.94.BE"></span>水庫造成溫室氣體排放</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：水庫造成溫室氣體排放"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>任何陆上<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水体">水体</a>都会因為附近的植物掉入水中後发生<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96" title="厭氧消化">无氧</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%88%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="腐爛">腐爛</a>產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="溫室氣體">溫室氣體</a>，其中<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>比<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="温室效应">温室效应</a>高八倍<sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。水库因为在建造过程中会淹漫大量之前已存在的陆生植被，因此<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE" title="温室气体排放">温室气体排放</a>比一般的天然湖嚴重，<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="熱帶">熱帶</a>地區的水庫又会比<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6" title="温带">温带</a>地区排放更多溫室氣體。 </p><p>全球估計的水体温室气体排放量对比如下（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="平方米">平方米</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">日</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>地點 </th> <th>二氧化碳 </th> <th>甲烷 </th></tr> <tr> <td>湖 </td> <td>700 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>一般區域水庫 </td> <td>1500 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>熱帶區域水庫 </td> <td>3000 </td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="對人類的影響"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E4.BA.BA.E9.A1.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>對人類的影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：對人類的影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水庫會導致下游國家的水量減少。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="不良影響"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E8.89.AF.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>不良影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：不良影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg/350px-Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg/525px-Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg/700px-Banqiao_Dam_Failure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>1975年8月<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E2%80%9C75%C2%B78%E2%80%9D%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93%E6%BA%83%E5%9D%9D" title="河南“75·8”水库溃坝">河南“75·8”水库溃坝</a>洪水淹没范围</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>破壞和改變<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系統">生態系統</a>特有的功能和結構。</li> <li>庫區<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E9%A4%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="優養化">優養化</a>或毒化。</li> <li>改變泥沙的自然輸出，造成河口海灣<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B3%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="洪泛平原">洪泛平原</a>的縮小以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%B7%9A" title="海岸線">海岸線</a>遭侵蝕。</li> <li>大壩下游河道下切、河岸遭侵蝕及河、海口水中鹽分增加。</li> <li>有可能誘發<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>及库區塌方、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="滑坡">滑坡</a>。</li> <li>灌溉引起土壤肥力損失、加重<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%B9%BC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽鹼化">鹽鹼化</a>。</li> <li>導致植被或生物種的減少或毀滅。</li> <li>促進<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BE%86%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="外來物種">外來物種</a>的侵入導致生態危害。</li> <li>淹沒文物古跡或造成原有自然景觀觀賞價值的損失。</li> <li>沖擊當地的傳統文化。</li> <li>誘發與水體有關的若干<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="傳染病">傳染病</a>。</li> <li>大洪水造成的漫坝从而坝体溃决；或高水位长期浸泡坝体导致管涌、坝体滑坡。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水庫死亡"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.BA.AB.E6.AD.BB.E4.BA.A1"></span>水庫死亡</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：水庫死亡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水庫上游的土地開發導致水庫淤泥變多，面臨死亡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D"></span>命名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：命名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="Talk:水庫">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>水库的名字可分为两部分，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E6%96%87%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="曾文水庫">曾文水庫</a>，“曾文”为第一部分，“水库”为第二部分。 </p><p>对于第一部分的命名多遵循以下几个原则： </p> <ul><li>水库或大坝所在地，一般选择村镇类的小地名，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%98%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="柘林水库">柘林水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E9%92%9F%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="升钟水库">升钟水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E6%BB%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" title="丰满水电站">丰满水电站</a>等。这是最常见的方式。</li> <li>水库所截流的河流，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%89%E6%B1%9F%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="新安江水库">新安江水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%B0%E6%B1%9F%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="新丰江水库">新丰江水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="沃尔特水库">沃尔特水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B2%99%E6%B2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="大沙河水库">大沙河水库</a>。</li> <li>大坝所在的峡谷，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E7%BE%8A%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="龙羊峡水库">龙羊峡水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%B6%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="刘家峡水库">刘家峡水库</a>。</li> <li>水库建设的重要日期，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93_(%E7%8E%89%E5%B1%B1)" title="七一水库 (玉山)">七一水库</a>。</li> <li>抽象名词，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="共产主义水库">共产主义水库</a>。</li> <li>人名，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="欧阳海水库">欧阳海水库</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" title="胡佛水壩">胡佛水壩</a>。</li></ul> <p>对于第二部分，大多数水库都称为“水库”，以发电为主要功能的称为“水电站”或“电站”，以防洪为主要功能的称为“水利枢纽工程”，也有称为“大坝”或“水坝”、“淡水湖”者，但往往根据使用语境相互通用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分级"><span id=".E5.88.86.E7.BA.A7"></span>分级</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：分级"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="280px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f0f6fa; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>水库类型</b></td> <td><b>总库容</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>小型水库<br />- 小（二）型<br />- 小（一）型 </td> <td><br />10—100万立方米<br /> 100—1000万立方米 </td></tr> <tr> <td>中型水库 </td> <td>1000万立方米-1亿立方米 </td></tr> <tr> <td>大型水库<br />- 大（二）型<br />- 大（一）型 </td> <td><br />1—10亿立方米<br /> 大于10亿立方米 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水位"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E4.BD.8D"></span>水位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：水位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由低到高依次为： </p> <ul><li>死水位（设计低水位）：在正常运用情况下，允许消落到的最低水位。低于死水位的蓄水无法用于供水。</li> <li>汛限水位（防洪限制水位、防汛限制水位）：水库在汛期防洪运用时，允许兴利蓄水的上限水位。汛限水位以上用于防洪库容拦蓄洪水，保护水库下游防洪目标。要兼顾防洪和兴利两方面的需要。汛期内不同时段的洪水特征有明显差别时，可考虑分期采用不同的防洪限制水位。常见的有普通汛期防洪限制水位、<b>主汛期</b>防洪限制水位、秋汛期防洪限制水位。</li> <li>枯水期最低消落水位</li> <li>正常蓄水位（正常高水位、兴利水位、设计蓄水位）：水库在正常运用情况下，为满足兴利要求在开始供水时应蓄到的水位。是允许长期维持的最高蓄水位，也是挡水建筑物稳定计算的主要依据。</li> <li>防洪高水位：决定了下游防护对象的设计防洪标准。是水库用于正常防洪时的水位上限。</li> <li>设计洪水位：水库遇到大坝的设计洪水时，在坝前达到的最高水位。是水库在正常运用情况下允许达到的最高洪水位。</li> <li>校核洪水位：水库遇到大坝的校核洪水时，经水库调洪后，在坝前达到的最高水位。是水库在非常运用情况下，允许临时达到的最高洪水位，是确定大坝顶高及进行大坝安全校核的主要依据。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="库容"><span id=".E5.BA.93.E5.AE.B9"></span>库容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：库容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>死库容（垫底库容）：死水位以下的库容。</li> <li>汛限库容：汛限水位以下的库容。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%AE%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兴利库容（页面不存在）">兴利库容</a>：死水位到正常水位之间的库容，可用于引水、发电等。</li> <li>防洪库容：汛限水位到防洪高水位之间的库容，可用于汛期的拦蓄洪水，应对突发洪水等。</li> <li>重叠库容（共用库容）：汛限水位到正常蓄水位之间的库容。在汛期，这部分库容必须腾空，用于应对入库洪水。</li> <li>拦洪库容：汛限水位到设计洪水位之间的库容，用于在大洪水时拦蓄洪峰。</li> <li>调洪库容：汛限水位到校核洪水位之间的库容，用于应对非常特大洪水。</li> <li>总库容：校核洪水位以下的水库容积。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="最大的水庫"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E5.A4.A7.E7.9A.84.E6.B0.B4.E5.BA.AB"></span>最大的水庫</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：最大的水庫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>就面積而言，世界上的十大水庫： </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="加納">加納</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="沃尔特水库">沃尔特水库</a>（8482<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="平方公里">平方公里</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%AA%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="古比雪夫水庫">古比雪夫水库</a>（6450平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="斯莫爾伍德水庫">斯莫尔伍德水库</a>（5698平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%8A%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贊比亞">贊比亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="卡里巴水庫">卡里巴水庫</a>（5580平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="哈薩克斯坦">哈薩克斯坦</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%AB%E5%A1%94%E6%98%8E%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布赫塔明水库（页面不存在）">布赫塔明水库</a>（5490平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="布拉茨克水庫">布拉茨克水库</a>（5426平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%BD%E7%88%BE%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="納賽爾水庫">納賽爾水庫</a>（5248平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%AE%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="雷宾斯克水库">雷宾斯克水库</a>（4580平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="卡尼亞皮斯科水庫">卡尼亚皮斯科水库</a>（4318平方公里）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89" title="委內瑞拉">委內瑞拉</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" title="古里水电站">古里水库</a>（4250平方公里）</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Houghton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Houghton, John. Global warming. Reports on Progress in Physics. 4 May 2005, <b>68</b> (6): E2865–74. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005RPPh...68.1343H"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2005RPPh...68.1343H</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0034-4885%2F68%2F6%2FR02"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/6/R02</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&rft.atitle=Global+warming&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Houghton&rft.date=2005-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Reports+on+Progress+in+Physics&rft.pages=E2865-74&rft.volume=68&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005RPPh...68.1343H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0034-4885%2F68%2F6%2FR02&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/pc289j32w/BioSci_50_2000_766.pdf">Reservoir Surfaces as Sources of Greenhouse Gases to the Atmosphere: A Global Estimate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. era.library.ualberta.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB&rft.atitle=Reservoir+Surfaces+as+Sources+of+Greenhouse+Gases+to+the+Atmosphere%3A+A+Global+Estimate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=era.library.ualberta.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fera.library.ualberta.ca%2Ffiles%2Fpc289j32w%2FBioSci_50_2000_766.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/水庫">水庫</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div 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