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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-类型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#类型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>类型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-类型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古典社會學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典社會學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>古典社會學</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-古典社會學-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关古典社會學子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-古典社會學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-功能論學派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功能論學派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>功能論學派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-功能論學派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衝突論學派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衝突論學派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>衝突論學派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衝突論學派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-符號互動論學派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#符號互動論學派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>符號互動論學派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-符號互動論學派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">社会变迁</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。39种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="تغير اجتماعي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تغير اجتماعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camb%C3%A9u_social" title="Cambéu social – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cambéu social" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_d%C9%99yi%C5%9Fiklik" title="Sosial dəyişiklik – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sosial dəyişiklik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvi_social" title="Canvi social – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canvi social" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bna" title="Sociální změna – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sociální změna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialer_Wandel" title="Sozialer Wandel – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sozialer Wandel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuriyay%C4%B1%C5%9Fo_sosyal" title="Vuriyayışo sosyal – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vuriyayışo sosyal" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Κοινωνική αλλαγή – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινωνική αλλαγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Social change" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambio_social" title="Cambio social – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cambio social" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizarte_aldaketa" title="Gizarte aldaketa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gizarte aldaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="دگرگونی اجتماعی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دگرگونی اجتماعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changement_social" title="Changement social – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Changement social" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%A8" title="સામાજિક પરિવર્તન – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સામાજિક પરિવર્તન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="התפתחות חברתית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התפתחות חברתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="सामाजिक परिवर्तन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामाजिक परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սոցիալական փոփոխություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոցիալական փոփոխություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_sosial" title="Perubahan sosial – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perubahan sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutamento_(sociologia)" title="Mutamento (sociologia) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mutamento (sociologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95%E8%AB%96" title="社会変動論 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会変動論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewahan_sosial" title="Ewahan sosial – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ewahan sosial" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EB%B3%80%EC%B2%9C" title="사회 변천 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회 변천" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Нийгмийн өөрчлөлт – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нийгмийн өөрчлөлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="सामाजिक बदल – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सामाजिक बदल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociale_verandering" title="Sociale verandering – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sociale verandering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunnsendring" title="Samfunnsendring – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samfunnsendring" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_endring" title="Sosial endring – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sosial endring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmiana_spo%C5%82eczna" title="Zmiana społeczna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zmiana społeczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudan%C3%A7a_social" title="Mudança social – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mudança social" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Социальные изменения – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Социальные изменения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servodatrievdan" title="Servodatrievdan – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Servodatrievdan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalni_razvoj" title="Socijalni razvoj – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Socijalni razvoj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Друштвене промене – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друштвене промене" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llsf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ndring" title="Samhällsförändring – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samhällsförändring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplumsal_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fme" title="Toplumsal değişme – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toplumsal değişme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B2%DA%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89" title="جەمئىيەت ئۆزگىرىشى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جەمئىيەت ئۆزگىرىشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Соціальна зміна – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соціальна зміна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Biến đổi xã hội – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biến đổi xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1510761#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label 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id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_change" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1510761" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2013年12月8日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a 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nowraplinks hlist" style="width: 200px;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:社会学">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SNA_segment.png" class="mw-file-description" title="社会网络模型"><img alt="社会网络模型" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/190px-SNA_segment.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/285px-SNA_segment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>社会网络模型</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="社會學史">社會學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学概述（页面不存在）">社会学概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:社会">Portal:社会</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="社会学理论">社会学理论</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="冲突理论">冲突理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="结构功能主义">结构功能主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E8%AB%96" title="符號互動論">符號互動論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实证主义">实证主义</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反实证主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antipositivism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反實證主義">反实证主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism" class="extiw" title="en:Antipositivism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antipositivism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">社会变迁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%82%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="中层理论">中层理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会建构主义">社会建构主义</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="社會研究">研究方法</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="質性研究">定性研究</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比较历史学研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparative historical research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比较历史学研究（页面不存在）">比较研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_historical_research" class="extiw" title="en:Comparative historical research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparative historical research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會學">計算社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%8C" title="民族誌">民族誌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语用学 (社会学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conversation analysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%A6_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语用学 (社会学)（页面不存在）">语用学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Conversation analysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conversation analysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="历史社会学">历史社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采访 (研究方法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interview (research)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E8%AE%BF_(%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采访 (研究方法)（页面不存在）">采访</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview_(research)" class="extiw" title="en:Interview (research)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interview (research)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="数理社会学">数理社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="社会网络分析">社会网络分析</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学分支学科" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subfields of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学分支学科（页面不存在）">分支学科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfields_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Subfields of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subfields of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="文化社会学">文化社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="发展理论">发展理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%BD%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="越轨社会学">越轨社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="经济社会学">经济社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教育社会学">教育社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會學">環境社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="家庭社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of the family"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家庭社会学（页面不存在）">家庭社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of the family"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of the family</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女权社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminist sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女权社会学（页面不存在）">女权社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminist sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="性别社会学">性别社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="工業社會學">工業社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" title="社会不平等">社会不平等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="知识社会学">知识社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="法律社会学">法律社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文学社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of literature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文学社会学（页面不存在）">文学社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of literature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of literature</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="医学社会学">医学社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="军事社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="軍事社會學">军事社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Military sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="政治社会学">政治社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="种族与民族关系社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族与民族关系社会学（页面不存在）">种族与民族关系社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">宗教社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="鄉村社會學">鄉村社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="科学知识社会学">科学知识社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="社會運動">社會運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会心理学">社会心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="社會階層">社會階層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恐怖主义社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of terrorism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐怖主义社会学（页面不存在）">恐怖主义社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of terrorism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of terrorism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="都市社會學">城市社会学</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 其他相关信息</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="社會學家列表">社會學家列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学时间轴（页面不存在）">社会学时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:社会学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:社会学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:社会学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg/220px-1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg/330px-1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg/440px-1963_march_lincoln_memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>华盛顿特区的民权游行，1963 年 8 月 28 日</figcaption></figure> <p>广义的<b>社會變遷</b>泛指一切社会现象的变化，“是从个人以至人类整体各个层次上社会现象的改变。”狭义的社会变迁则指社会结构的变化，例如人际交往由一种模式转向另一种模式，或者社会基本价值的变化。社会变迁的研究对象既包括社会变化的过程，也包括社会变化的结果。社会变迁是一个不断发生的现象集合，它在现代社会表现得越发强烈。正是对社会变迁的好奇与探索促进了现代社会学的发展。 </p><p>1789年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>發生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>，使得當代<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a>首次出現以<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="自由">自由</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" class="mw-disambig" title="平等">平等</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%84%9B" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="博愛">博愛</a>的理念。同時造成當時社會巨大動盪。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學">社會學</a>也是在同樣的背景下由<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="孔德">孔德</a>首創誕生的學科，因此<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古典社會學（页面不存在）">古典社會學</a>相當看重社會變遷的由來或原因。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="类型"><span id=".E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B"></span>类型</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：类型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>依据不同的区分标准，社会变迁可以分别划分为如下的类型： </p> <ul><li>以规模差异划分为整体变迁与局部变迁；</li> <li>按性质区别划分为渐进变迁与革命变迁；</li> <li>按照人的参与程度划分为自发变迁与有计划的变迁。</li> <li>以变化方向划分为进步变迁与倒退变迁；</li></ul> <p>社會變遷的內涵: 社會變遷是行為互動與文化在一段時間之內顯著的改變。 </p><p>1、器物生活的改變:在18世紀，人類開啟了工業化的時代，開始劇烈影響改變人類的生活型態。 </p><p>2、社會制度的改變:法國大革命之人民不滿長期以來造成的壓迫，而最終爆發一連串的革命，讓當代歐洲影響了許多層面的社會制度。 </p><p>3、價值觀念的改變:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E4%B9%8B%E6%98%A5" title="布拉格之春">布拉格之春</a>是一場嘗試脫離蘇聯所發起一連串的運動，目的在於走向民主的可能。 </p><p>另外，以上不同層次的社會變遷會互相影響。例如:網路的發明(器物生活)，改變人類溝通互動的方式和觀念(價值觀念)，與網路使用相關的法律規範也被制定出來(社會制度) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="古典社會學"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E5.AD.B8"></span>古典社會學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：古典社會學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="功能論學派"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD.E8.AB.96.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE"></span>功能論學派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：功能論學派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%82%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="涂爾幹">涂爾幹</a>曾經發表過社會分工論，琮於自己祖國，也就是法國大革命的所發生的種種因素去研究，得出了偏差行為是造成社會變遷的原因，再加上當時的工業化背景的時代下，加快社會彼此分裂的情形，因此最後得出社會的變遷，是從機械連帶社會走向有機連帶社會的過程。 </p><p>機械連帶社會，是指社會上的人們彼此的共同點很大，是以同質性為基礎組成的社會；重人情和偏於保衛和保守自己，宛如許多相同的零件彼此共同運轉一般。 </p><p>有機連帶社會，是指社會上的分工和交流，是以彼此的差異性為基礎的；在這樣的社會裡，異質性高，人心難免冷漠，宛如不斷變化的形體一般。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衝突論學派"><span id=".E8.A1.9D.E7.AA.81.E8.AB.96.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE"></span>衝突論學派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：衝突論學派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克思">馬克思</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史唯物論">歷史唯物論</a>裡提到關於社會變遷，認為在社會的階級裡只有分出<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="資產階級">資產階級</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="無產階級">無產階級</a>，而在人類的歷史裡，這兩者彼此繞在著生產關係與生產力上的關係，認為人類社會的變遷，是必然而不可避免的；<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="無產階級">無產階級</a>終究會推翻掉<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="資產階級">資產階級</a>，也就是推翻<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>，創立一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>的國家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="符號互動論學派"><span id=".E7.AC.A6.E8.99.9F.E4.BA.92.E5.8B.95.E8.AB.96.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE"></span>符號互動論學派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：符號互動論學派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏格朋（页面不存在）">烏格朋</a>曾經提出文化失調的概念，認為"物質"概念的發展是比文化的發展還來得快速的，因此當<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="物質">物質</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>彼此的落差變得巨大的時候，社會變遷就有可能產生。 </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=社会变迁&oldid=83392793">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=社会变迁&oldid=83392793</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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