廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭 | 賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ar" dir="rtl" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="/sites/default/files/google_analytics/gtag.js?sndbcu"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-E4VEPPH1FE", {"groups":"default","link_attribution":true,"page_location":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="http://studies.aljazeera.net/en/publications" /> <meta name="description" content="賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賲丐爻爻丞亘丨孬賷丞鬲兀爻爻鬲毓丕賲 2006 囟賲賳卮亘賰丞丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿毓賱丕賲賷丞貙鬲賴鬲賲亘乇氐丿賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲丕賱爻賷丕爻賷賭丞賵丕賱鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞賮賷丕賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷賵賲丨賷胤賴." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://studies.aljazeera.net/en/publications" /> <meta property="og:title" content="廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭 | 賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲" /> <meta property="og:description" content="賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賲丐爻爻丞亘丨孬賷丞鬲兀爻爻鬲毓丕賲 2006 囟賲賳卮亘賰丞丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿毓賱丕賲賷丞貙鬲賴鬲賲亘乇氐丿賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲丕賱爻賷丕爻賷賭丞賵丕賱鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞賮賷丕賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷賵賲丨賷胤賴." /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://studies.aljazeera.net/themes/custom/partner/logo-ar.svg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AJStudies" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賲丐爻爻丞亘丨孬賷丞鬲兀爻爻鬲毓丕賲 2006 囟賲賳卮亘賰丞丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿毓賱丕賲賷丞貙鬲賴鬲賲亘乇氐丿賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲丕賱爻賷丕爻賷賭丞賵丕賱鬲丨賵賱丕鬲丕賱廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞賮賷丕賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷賵賲丨賷胤賴." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭 | 賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲" /> <meta name="twitter:site:id" content="307913305" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="http://studies.aljazeera.net/en/publications" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://studies.aljazeera.net/themes/custom/partner/logo-ar.svg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/partner/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭 | 賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Hw9mSlnu9wlHnGZypmUoYgKFJS3Cxw7rabSKd6nA5eY.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-bZLfwXAP04zRMK2BjiO8iu9pf4FbLqX6zitd+tIvLhE=" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.4.0/8.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-tGFFYdzcicBwsd5EPO92iUIytu9UkQR3tLMbORL9sfi/WswiHkA1O3ri9yHW+5dXk18Rd+pluMeDBrPKSwNCvw==" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_a7P9siPKtY1bNUGFTOLsNbSa2SlJOalEQeZ4CoaHTiU.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_QB0Hi_vW4BnXwLLR13Y1LnnE3GdmmPgszDxUmd74E3Y.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_bFUH2ynrC5Xl6xetu64_IxXfeVTe9DyQkW7q52sbiK4.css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/67f59ff0-a0e6-4e00-a26e-04072299b984/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="67f59ff0-a0e6-4e00-a26e-04072299b984" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>  </head> <body class="not-logged-in not-front path-publications navbar-is-fixed-top has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> 鬲噩丕賵夭廿賱賶丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" id="navbar" role="banner"> <div class="top-navbar"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="region region-navigation-top"> <section id="block-searchiconen-2" class="visible-xs visible-sm block block-block-content block-block-content8a01a139-8b92-47e8-b2f2-2886ff1a21ab clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="block-search" role="search"> <button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only" name=""><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> </div> <div class="search-popup-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <form action="/ar/search" method="get" class="col-md-12" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-drupal-form-fields=""> <input class="form-control" required="true" maxlength="128" name="keys" placeholder="亘丨孬 ..." size="60" title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." type="search" /></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" id="block-languageswitcher" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications" class="en"><a href="/en/publications" class="language-link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications">English</a></li><li hreflang="ar" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications" class="ar is-active"><a href="/ar/publications" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="ar" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</a></li></ul> </section> <section id="block-socialnavbar" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1b7b5d62-1b05-4cae-b015-48a06d3b0442 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ajstudies"><i class="fa fa-facebook-f">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/AJStudies"><i class="fa fa-twitter">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/ajstudies"><i class="fa fa-instagram">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://soundcloud.com/ajstudies"><i class="fa fa-soundcloud">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/aljazeerasc?sub_confirmation=1"><i class="fa fa-youtube">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://wa.me/97455809461"><i class="fa fa-whatsapp" aria-hidden="true">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://t.me/AlJCS"><i class="fa fa-telegram" aria-hidden="true">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="/ar/rss.xml"><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true">聽</i></a></li> </ul></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="region region-navigation"> <a class="logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/ar" title="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/partner/logo.svg" alt="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" /> </a> <a class="name navbar-brand hidden" href="/ar" title="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" rel="home">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲</a> </div> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navbar-collapse" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="region region-navigation-collapsible"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-partner-main-menu-menu" id="block-partner-main-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-partner-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="menu menu--main nav navbar-nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/about-us" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1">毓賳丕賱賲乇賰夭</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="reports">賵乇賯丕鬲鬲丨賱賷賱賷丞</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/policy-briefs" data-drupal-link-system-path="policy-briefs">鬲賯丿賷乇賲賵賯賮</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/mediastudies" data-drupal-link-system-path="mediastudies">丿乇丕爻丕鬲廿毓賱丕賲賷丞</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/files" data-drupal-link-system-path="files">賲賱賮丕鬲亘丨孬賷丞</a> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown active active-trail"> <a href="/ar/publications" class="dropdown-toggle active-trail is-active" data-toggle="dropdown" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications">廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/publications#more" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications" class="is-active">丕賱賰鬲亘</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://lubab.aljazeera.net">賲噩賱丞賱亘丕亘</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/journal/aljazeera/communication-media" data-drupal-link-system-path="journal/aljazeera/communication-media">賲噩賱丞丕賱噩夭賷乇丞</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/annual-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="annual-reports">鬲賯乇賷乇爻賳賵賷</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/theses" data-drupal-link-system-path="theses">兀胤乇賵丨丕鬲噩丕賲毓賷丞</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/ebooks" data-drupal-link-system-path="ebooks">丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕賱廿賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">賮毓丕賱賷丕鬲</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">兀禺亘丕乇丕賱賲乇賰夭</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-searchiconen" class="visible-lg visible-md block block-block-content block-block-content8a01a139-8b92-47e8-b2f2-2886ff1a21ab clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="block-search" role="search"> <button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only" name=""><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> </div> <div class="search-popup-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <form action="/ar/search" method="get" class="col-md-12" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-drupal-form-fields=""> <input class="form-control" required="true" maxlength="128" name="keys" placeholder="亘丨孬 ..." size="60" title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." type="search" /></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-12"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header">廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭</h1> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="page-archive view view-publications view-id-publications view-display-id-page_1 js-view-dom-id-50fa5ecb4dc821611a58d92e1505f143dca12c57632f5955286870442b2b97dd"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="card col-md-8 col-sm-8 col-xs-12"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/6063" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2024-10/web%20%2818%29_0.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/6063" hreflang="ar">廿賷乇丕賳賵丨賲丕爻: 賲賳賲乇噩丕賱夭賴賵乇廿賱賶胤賵賮丕賳丕賱兀賯氐賶</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">27 兀賰鬲賵亘乇 2024</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="attachment attachment-after"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="page-archive view view-publications view-id-publications view-display-id-attachment_1 js-view-dom-id-d82a1b4b34593b4a3af0280bfbd1261d49ba6d3460604bd4231b8ebef6ffaf6f"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid vertical cols-1 clearfix"> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12 views-col clearfix col-1"> <div class="card views-row row-1"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5976" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2024-07/web%20%2811%29.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5976" hreflang="ar">丕賱兀賳馗賲丞丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘賷丞賮賷賲賵乇賷鬲丕賳賷丕賮賷馗賱丿爻鬲賵乇 1991</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">24 賷賵賱賷賵 2024</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card views-row row-2"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5959" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2024-07/web%20%284%29.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5959" hreflang="ar">乇丐賷丞丨賵賱丕賱兀賲賳丕賱賯賵賲賷丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">1 賷賵賱賷賵 2024</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockpublications-block-1 clearfix" id="block-views-block-publications-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title">丕賱兀丨丿孬</h2> <div class="form-group"> <div class="page-archive view view-publications view-id-publications view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-f256b96c81fbaf5e8ba841f699d3915ac402f0ee4f7dd037f0807493cb34048f"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid horizontal cols-3 clearfix"> <div class="views-row clearfix row-1"> <div class="card col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5894" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2024-04/web-1.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5894" hreflang="ar">氐丿賵乇丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞賱賰鬲丕亘 "丕賱賯乇賳丕賱廿賮乇賷賯賷毓賲賯賸丕丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷賾賸丕禺賱賷噩賷賾賸丕"</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">4 兀亘乇賷賱 2024</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5813" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2023-12/web_9.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5813" hreflang="ar">丕賳鬲賯丕賱丕賱賯賵丞賲賳丕賱睾乇亘廿賱賶丕賱卮乇賯: 廿毓丕丿丞丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇賮賷賲爻鬲賯亘賱丕賱賳馗丕賲丕賱丿賵賱賷</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">27 丿賷爻賲亘乇 2023</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5806" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2023-12/web_2.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5806" hreflang="ar">兀丨丿孬廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲: 睾乇亘丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤賲乇賰賾賻亘賸丕兀賲賳賷賾賸丕: 賲亘丕丿乇丞 5+5 丿賮丕毓賵丿賷賳丕賲賷丕鬲丕賱兀賲賳賵丕賱賴噩乇丕鬲</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">19 丿賷爻賲亘乇 2023</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-2"> <div class="card col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5773" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2023-10/Deasign.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5773" hreflang="ar">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賷爻鬲賯亘賱兀胤乇賵丨丕鬲丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇丕賴賱賱賳卮乇亘丕賱賱睾丞丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">30 兀賰鬲賵亘乇 2023</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5711" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2023-08/web%20%281%29_0.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5711" hreflang="ar">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賷氐丿乇賳爻禺丞賲購丨賻丿賾賻孬丞賲賳賰鬲賷亘廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲賴</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">6 兀睾爻胤爻 2023</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block"> <a href="/ar/article/5687" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2023-07/WEB_0.jpg" width="2500" height="1405" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/article/5687" hreflang="ar">丕賱賳囟丕賱丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷: 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲賴賵鬲丨丿賷丕鬲賴</a></h4><p class="small summary text-muted">6 賷賵賱賷賵 2023</p><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link form-group"><a href="/ar/publications/archive">毓乇囟丕賱賲夭賷丿</a></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockauthors-block-1 clearfix" id="block-views-block-authors-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title">丕賱賰鬲丕亘</h2> <div class="form-group"> <div class="page-archive author-profile authors view view-authors view-id-authors view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-e4d616c1746ffd0c43fe55cab0aeb7de068b8e318d3ad60025f6344209a02888"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid horizontal cols-4 clearfix"> <div class="views-row clearfix row-1"> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"></div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/1748" hreflang="ar">兀. 兀賳賷爻丕賱賳賯丕卮</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"> <a href="/ar/profile/1074" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/authors/f535a11baf26473d8a5aa3a40614e9f5_6.jpg" width="400" height="400" alt="f535a11baf26473d8a5aa3a40614e9f5_6.jpg" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/1074" hreflang="ar">廿禺賱賷賴賳賵賱丿賲丨賲丿丕賱兀賲賷賳</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"></div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/527" hreflang="ar">賷丨賷賶丕賱賰亘賷爻賷</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"> <a href="/ar/profile/1097" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/authors/ca42619d88824b449227a6f8d4add218_6.jpg" width="526" height="608" alt="ca42619d88824b449227a6f8d4add218_6.jpg" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/1097" hreflang="ar">毓氐丕賲毓亘丿丕賱卮丕賮賷</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-2"> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"></div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/1554" hreflang="ar">毓亘丿丕賱賴丕丿賷睾賷賱丕賳</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"></div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/1437" hreflang="ar">廿丿乇賷爻賯爻賷賲</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"></div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/1109" hreflang="ar">毓賱賷兀賰亘乇丿丕乇賷賳賷</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> <div class="card block col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"><div class="img-block picture"> <a href="/ar/profile/793" hreflang="ar"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/authors/a1608d207d0a4410be8cc221459c236c_6.png" width="120" height="120" alt="a1608d207d0a4410be8cc221459c236c_6.png" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div><h4><a href="/ar/profile/793" hreflang="ar">賲丨爻賳氐丕賱丨</a></h4><div class="links btn-group dropdown"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link form-group"><a href="/ar/authors">毓乇囟丕賱賲夭賷丿</a></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section id="block-ourchannelsen-2" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentc20ee596-3e2a-4d56-9f16-1be512ad8ef4 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="footer-two"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"> <h4>賲賳賳丨賳</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a href="https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/about-us">賲賳賳丨賳</a></li> <li><a href="https://terms.aljazeera.net/index-ar.html" target="_blank">丕賱卮乇賵胤賵丕賱兀丨賰丕賲</a></li> <li><a href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/ar" target="_blank">爻賷丕爻丞丕賱禺氐賵氐賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/ar/cookie" target="_blank">爻賷丕爻丞賲賱賮丕鬲鬲毓乇賷賮丕賱丕乇鬲亘丕胤</a></li> <li><a id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings" href="#">丕賱鬲賮囟賷賱丕鬲</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"> <h4>鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a href="https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/contact" target="_blank">鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賳丕</a></li> <li><a href="http://careers.aljazeera.net/ar" target="_blank">賵馗丕卅賮卮丕睾乇丞</a></li> <li><a href="http://sat.aljazeera.net/ar" target="_blank">鬲乇丿丿丕鬲丕賱亘孬</a></li> <li><a href="https://aljazeera.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=10bee1170a715855387d38e00&id=9aa03f826d" target="_blank">丕賱賳卮乇丞丕賱廿禺亘丕乇賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="https://network.aljazeera.net/ar/press-releases" target="_blank">亘賷丕賳丕鬲氐丨賮賷丞</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"> <h4>卮亘賰鬲賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a href="http://studies.aljazeera.net/ar" target="_blank">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲</a></li> <li><a href="https://institute.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">賲毓賴丿丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱廿毓賱丕賲</a></li> <li><a href="https://learning.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">鬲毓賱賲丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="https://forum.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">賲賳鬲丿賶丕賱噩夭賷乇丞</a></li> <li><a href="https://liberties.aljazeera.com" target="_blank">賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丨乇賷丕鬲丕賱毓丕賲丞賵丨賯賵賯丕賱廿賳爻丕賳</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-6"> <h4>賯賳賵丕鬲賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a href="https://www.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿禺亘丕乇賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com" target="_blank">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="http://mubasher.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賲亘丕卮乇</a></li> <li><a href="https://doc.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱賵孬丕卅賯賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="http://balkans.aljazeera.net" target="_blank">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱亘賱賯丕賳</a></li> <li><a href="http://aljazeera.com.tr" target="_blank">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ajplus.net/arabi" target="_blank">AJ+毓乇亘賷</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 text-center"> <div class="footer-logo">聽</div> <p>噩賲賷毓丕賱丨賯賵賯賲丨賮賵馗丞漏 2024 卮亘賰丞丕賱噩夭賷乇丞丕賱丕毓賱丕賲賷丞</p> <ul class="menu menu--footer nav"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ajstudies"><i class="fa fa-facebook-f">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/AJStudies"><i class="fa fa-twitter">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/ajstudies"><i class="fa fa-instagram">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://soundcloud.com/ajstudies"><i class="fa fa-soundcloud">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/aljazeerasc?sub_confirmation=1"><i class="fa fa-youtube">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://wa.me/97455809461"><i class="fa fa-whatsapp" aria-hidden="true">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://t.me/AljazeeraCenterForStudies"><i class="fa fa-telegram" aria-hidden="true">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="/ar/rss.xml"><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true">聽</i></a></li> </ul><div> <p><strong>兀賲爻丨丕賱乇賲夭賱鬲丨賲賷賱鬲胤亘賷賯丕賱噩賵丕賱丕賱禺丕氐亘丕賱賲乇賰夭</strong></p> <p><a href="http://onelink.to/asm26s" target="_blank"><img src="https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/inline-images/onlink_to_asm26s_big.png" width="100px" /></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div>  <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i></a> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"ar\/","currentPath":"publications","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"ar"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"bootstrap\/dropdown,bootstrap\/theme,ckeditor_bootstrap_tabs\/tabs,google_analytics\/google_analytics,partner\/styles_rtl,system\/base,views\/views.ajax,views\/views.module","theme":"partner","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"google_analytics":{"account":"G-E4VEPPH1FE","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/ar\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:50fa5ecb4dc821611a58d92e1505f143dca12c57632f5955286870442b2b97dd":{"view_name":"publications","view_display_id":"page_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/publications","view_base_path":"publications","view_dom_id":"50fa5ecb4dc821611a58d92e1505f143dca12c57632f5955286870442b2b97dd","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:d82a1b4b34593b4a3af0280bfbd1261d49ba6d3460604bd4231b8ebef6ffaf6f":{"view_name":"publications","view_display_id":"attachment_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/publications","view_base_path":"publications","view_dom_id":"d82a1b4b34593b4a3af0280bfbd1261d49ba6d3460604bd4231b8ebef6ffaf6f","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:e4d616c1746ffd0c43fe55cab0aeb7de068b8e318d3ad60025f6344209a02888":{"view_name":"authors","view_display_id":"block_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/publications","view_base_path":"authors","view_dom_id":"e4d616c1746ffd0c43fe55cab0aeb7de068b8e318d3ad60025f6344209a02888","pager_element":0},"views_dom_id:f256b96c81fbaf5e8ba841f699d3915ac402f0ee4f7dd037f0807493cb34048f":{"view_name":"publications","view_display_id":"block_1","view_args":"","view_path":"\/publications","view_base_path":"publications\/archive","view_dom_id":"f256b96c81fbaf5e8ba841f699d3915ac402f0ee4f7dd037f0807493cb34048f","pager_element":0}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"e7302a40e1f52aa5ab0e4fa815caa992961fda8349f388d16eaa199d899e8d64"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_W3QxO-UEios74x4Vi5dadcEzDePZaPjH_ib1EGm5Jp8.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_dzL8ilFE1OYtsk25bbb-DxTpEdKuQb286KuSseqXDxU.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賲乇賰夭 | 賲乇賰夭 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲

廿氐丿丕乇丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭 | 賲乇賰夭丕賱噩夭賷乇丞賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲