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Toggle Diplomatic consequences subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supporting_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporting_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Supporting countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supporting_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposing_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Opposing countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposing_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remaining_JCPOA_Participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remaining_JCPOA_Participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Remaining JCPOA Participants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remaining_JCPOA_Participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Middle East </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G20_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G20_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 G20 states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G20_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutral_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutral_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Neutral countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutral_countries-sublist" 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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Economic impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Global economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" > 7 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الخروج الأمريكي من الاتفاق النووي مع إيران – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخروج الأمريكي من الاتفاق النووي مع إيران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইরান-মার্কিন পারস্পরিক চুক্তি প্রত্যাহার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরান-মার্কিন পারস্পরিক চুক্তি প্রত্যাহার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85" title="خروج آمریکا از برجام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خروج آمریکا از برجام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2018 US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Category:Nuclear program of Iran">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program of Iran</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg/100px-Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg/150px-Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg/200px-Iranische_Atomenergieorganisation_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_facilities_in_Iran" title="Nuclear facilities in Iran">Facilities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IR-40" title="IR-40">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkhovin_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Darkhovin Nuclear Power Plant">Darkhovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordow_Fuel_Enrichment_Plant" title="Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant">Fordow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natanz_nuclear_enrichment_facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Natanz nuclear enrichment facility">Natanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan_Nuclear_Technology/Research_Center" title="Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center">Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karun" title="Karun">Karun atomic energy site</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Organization_of_Iran" title="Atomic Energy Organization of Iran">Atomic Energy Organization of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghab_2" title="Oghab 2">Oghab 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">P5+1</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> International agreements</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation#Additional_Protocol" title="Nuclear proliferation">Additional Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Plan of Action">2013 interim agreement, Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_nuclear_deal_framework" title="Iran nuclear deal framework">2015 prelim agreement, Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">2015 final agreement, Vienna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Reactions to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Aftermath of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_leading_to_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Negotiations leading to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Negotiations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Domestic laws</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Nuclear_Achievements_Protection_Act" title="Iran Nuclear Achievements Protection Act">Nuclear Achievements Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Government%27s_Reciprocal_and_Proportional_Action_in_Implementing_the_JCPOA_Act" title="Iranian Government's Reciprocal and Proportional Action in Implementing the JCPOA Act">Iranian act implementing the JCPOA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majlis_special_commission_for_examining_the_JCPOA" title="Majlis special commission for examining the JCPOA">Majlis commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Nuclear_Agreement_Review_Act_of_2015" title="Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015">US Congress review</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Individuals</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_nuclear_negotiators" title="List of Iranian nuclear negotiators">Iranian nuclear negotiators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Rouhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Larijani" title="Ali Larijani">Larijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Jalili" title="Saeed Jalili">Jalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif" title="Mohammad Javad Zarif">Zarif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Abbasi" title="Fereydoon Abbasi">Abbasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gholam_Reza_Aghazadeh" title="Gholam Reza Aghazadeh">Aghazadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Fakhrizadeh" title="Mohsen Fakhrizadeh">Fakhrizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Salehi" title="Ali Akbar Salehi">Salehi</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Iranian_nuclear_scientists" title="Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists">Assassination of nuclear scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMAD_Project" title="AMAD Project">AMAD Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iran and weapons of mass destruction">Iran and WMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei%27s_fatwa_against_nuclear_weapons" title="Ali Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear weapons">Ali Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufactured_Crisis:_The_Untold_Story_of_the_Iran_Nuclear_Scare" title="Manufactured Crisis: The Untold Story of the Iran Nuclear Scare">Manufactured Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_after_1979" title="Iran–United States relations after 1979">Iran–United States relations after 1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_against_Iran" title="International sanctions against Iran">International sanctions against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">UN resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_nuclear_weapon_free_zone" title="Middle East nuclear weapon free zone">WMD-free zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad_infiltration_of_Iranian_nuclear_archive" title="Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive">Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_the_nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Views on the nuclear program of Iran">Views on Iran's nuclear program</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_power_in_Iran" title="Template:Nuclear power in Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_power_in_Iran" title="Template talk:Nuclear power in Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_power_in_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear power in Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> announced its withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> (JCPOA), also known as the "Iran nuclear deal" or the "Iran deal", on May 8, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The JCPOA is an agreement on <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iran's nuclear program</a> reached in July 2015 by <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">P5+1</a> (the five <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent members of the United Nations Security Council</a>—<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, United States—plus <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> also called E3/EU+3. In a joint statement responding to the U.S. withdrawal, the leaders of France, Germany and the United Kingdom stated that <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolution endorsing the nuclear deal remained the "binding international legal framework for the resolution of the dispute".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Various countries, international organizations, and U.S. scholars have expressed regret or criticized the withdrawal, while <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">U.S. conservatives</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Israel, Saudi Arabia and allies have supported it. The withdrawal caused concerns in Iran due to its impact on the economy.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> On 17 May 2018 the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> announced its intention to implement the <a href="/wiki/Blocking_statute" title="Blocking statute">blocking statute</a> of 1996 to declare U.S. <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iran">sanctions against Iran</a> illegal in Europe and ban European citizens and companies from complying with them. The commission also instructed the <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> to facilitate European companies' investment in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/JCPOA" class="mw-redirect" title="JCPOA">JCPOA</a></div> In July 2015, an agreement was concluded with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. It provided that Iran's nuclear activities would be limited in exchange for reduced sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-cigionline-14">[14]</a> According to the JCPOA, every 90 days the President of the United States would certify, among other things, that Iran was adhering to the terms of the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-vox-15">[15]</a> Leading up to the United States' withdrawal, the IAEA asserted that its inspectors had verified that Iran had implemented its nuclear-related commitments since the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Describing the view of the U.S. State Department, assistant secretary for legislative affairs <a href="/wiki/Julia_Frifield" title="Julia Frifield">Julia Frifield</a> wrote, "The JCPOA is not a treaty or an executive agreement, and is not a signed document. The JCPOA reflects political commitments between Iran, the P5+1, and the EU."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> With the conclusion of the agreement, then-candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> made the renegotiation of the JCPOA one of his main foreign affairs campaign promises,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> saying at a campaign rally that "this deal, if I win, will be a totally different deal."<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Trump described the Iran deal as a "disaster",<a href="#cite_note-Torbati-20">[20]</a> "the worst deal ever",<a href="#cite_note-Torbati-20">[20]</a> and so "terrible" that could lead to "a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">nuclear holocaust</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Torbati-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gao-21">[21]</a> The Trump administration certified in April 2017 and in July 2017 that Iran was complying with the deal.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> On October 13, 2017, Trump announced that the United States would not make the certification provided for under <a href="/wiki/Iran_Nuclear_Agreement_Review_Act_of_2015" title="Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015">U.S. domestic law</a>, on the basis that the suspension of sanctions was not "proportionate and appropriate," but stopped short of terminating the deal.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_context">International context</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: International context">edit</a>]</div> The JCPOA ended some of the sanctions on Iran while suspending others, subject to waivers. These include waivers of oil sanctions implemented in January 2012, which require periodic re-certification. Throughout 2017 Trump contemplated not re-certifying, and thus effectively pulling out of the deal.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Wintour_2018-05-08-25">[25]</a> According to Jarrett Blanc of the Obama administration, since the JCPOA is not a treaty but an agreement between several countries, it has no formal provisions for withdrawal, but a member of the deal could stop complying with its obligations.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Wintour_2018-05-08-25">[25]</a> Following Trump's denial of the deal, the European Union's foreign policy chief, Federica Mogherini, said the JCPOA was a firm decision and that no single country could break it. She proposed a "collective process" to preserve the deal, saying, "This deal is not a bilateral agreement ... The international community, and the European Union with it, has clearly indicated that the deal is, and will, continue to be in place."<a href="#cite_note-independent-26">[26]</a> French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> warned Trump not to withdraw from the deal, and told German magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> that doing so "would open the Pandora's box. There could be war."<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The Global Times, a Chinese newspaper, wrote that America's reputation as a major power would be undermined in the eyes of the world if it reneged on a deal simply because of a transition in government.<a href="#cite_note-Osnos-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_influences_and_decisions">Political influences and decisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political influences and decisions">edit</a>]</div> Some reports suggest that Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s "Iran Lied" presentation influenced the withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[30]</a> A little more than a week after Netanyahu's presentation, Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the deal.<a href="#cite_note-NYT1-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-30">[30]</a> He announced the withdrawal during a speech at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on May 8, 2018, saying, "the heart of the Iran deal was a giant fiction: that a murderous regime desired only a peaceful nuclear energy program."<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesTranscript-32">[32]</a> Trump added that there was "definitive proof that this Iranian promise was a lie. Last week, Israel published intelligence documents — long concealed by Iran — conclusively showing the Iranian regime and its history of pursuing nuclear weapons."<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesTranscript-32">[32]</a> According to Trump's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">secretary of state</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>, the agency tasked with verifying and monitoring Iran's compliance with the JCPOA, Iran has been in compliance with the JCPOA and there is no evidence otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/David_Makovsky" title="David Makovsky">David Makovsky</a>, a Middle East scholar at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>, Iran was not in compliance, because under the deal's terms Iran was supposed to reveal all of its research into nuclear weapons, and that based on Netanyahu's evidence, "it seems clear that they did not."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_of_George_Nader">Role of George Nader</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role of George Nader">edit</a>]</div> In March 2018, The New York Times reported that <a href="/wiki/George_Nader_(businessman)" title="George Nader (businessman)">George Nader</a>, a lobbyist for the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, turned Trump's major fundraiser <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Broidy" title="Elliott Broidy">Elliott Broidy</a> "into an instrument of influence at the White House for the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the United Arab Emirates...High on the agenda of the two men...was pushing the White House to remove Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex W. Tillerson</a>", a top defender of the Iran deal in the Trump administration, and "backing confrontational approaches to Iran and Qatar".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dubowitz" title="Mark Dubowitz">Mark Dubowitz</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Defense_of_Democracies" title="Foundation for Defense of Democracies">Foundation for Defense of Democracies</a> (FDD) was critical of the deal, though he later said he wanted to "save" it. A "trove of hacked emails" show that FDD was also funded by George Nader through Elliott Broidy.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_of_John_Bolton">Role of John Bolton</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role of John Bolton">edit</a>]</div> Unlike FDD and <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump officials</a> such as National Security Adviser <a href="/wiki/H.R._McMaster" class="mw-redirect" title="H.R. McMaster">H. R. McMaster</a> and Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a>, former <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">UN ambassador</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a>) <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> campaigned for a complete withdrawal from the JCPOA and rejected the idea that it could be fixed. Unable at the time to present his position to Trump directly, Bolton published his proposal for how to withdraw from the deal in an August 28, 2017, <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> article.<a href="#cite_note-Iran1-40">[40]</a> After he was named to succeed McMaster as National Security Adviser in April 2018, Bolton pressed Trump to withdraw from the JCPOA, which Trump did a month later.<a href="#cite_note-Iran2-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Resignation_of_the_special_representative">Resignation of the special representative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resignation of the special representative">edit</a>]</div> On August 6, 2020, the State Department's special representative for Iran, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Hook" title="Brian Hook">Brian Hook</a>, announced his resignation. Many viewed this as a tacit admission that the so-called maximum pressure policy toward Iran had failed. Hook resigned just before a U.S.-led U.N. Security Council vote on whether to prolong an embargo on the sale of weapons to Iran set to expire in October. Most experts believed that Russia and China would veto the extension, allowing Iran to start buying arms again from whomever it likes.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The UN security council overwhelmingly rejected the US resolution to extend the embargo, with only two votes in favor and 11 abstentions. Trump said at a news conference, "We’ll be doing a snapback. You’ll be watching it next week". This referred to the legal claim that the US remains a participant in the 2015 Iran nuclear deal despite having withdrawn from it, a claim Washington's European allies reject.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Announcement">Announcement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Announcement">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/300px--President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="769" data-mwtitle="President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm/President_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Trump_Gives_Remarks_on_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Trump announces United States withdrawal from the JCPOA on May 8, 2018.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a></div> At 2:00 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Standard_Time_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Standard Time (North America)">Eastern Standard Time</a>, Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.<a href="#cite_note-NYT1-31">[31]</a> He called the agreement "a horrible one-sided deal that should have never, ever been made"<a href="#cite_note-NYT1-31">[31]</a> and added, "[i]t didn't bring calm, it didn't bring peace, and it never will."<a href="#cite_note-NYT1-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (May 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Support">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (May 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party (GOP)</a> supported Trump's decision to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-:3-44">[44]</a></li> <li>US ambassador to the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> said that Trump "absolutely made the right decision".<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> supported the withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-45">[45]</a></li> <li>National Security Adviser <a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">John Bolton</a> supported the decision.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> supported the withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>: Saudi Arabia supported and welcomed Trump's decision and "supports reinstating economic sanctions on the Iranian regime, which have been suspended under the nuclear deal", according to the official SPA news agency.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, in a live televised address shortly after the announcement of U.S. withdrawal, said, "Israel fully supports President Trump’s bold decision today to reject the disastrous nuclear deal with the terrorist regime in Tehran."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Opposition">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>: <ul><li>Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> said he is "deeply concerned by [the] announcement that the United States will be withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and will begin reinstating US sanctions".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> criticized Trump's decision to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-:3-44">[44]</a></li> <li>Former president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said "the deal was working and it was in US interests."<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>Former secretary of state <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> said that the US should have preserved the deal.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Former national security advisor <a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a> said it was a "foolish decision".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>Former secretary of energy <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a> said the withdrawal was a "major strategic mistake".<a href="#cite_note-:1-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Former deputy secretary of energy <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Sherwood-Randall" title="Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall">Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall</a> said the decision was "a reckless strategic mistake of immense consequence".<a href="#cite_note-:1-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Former ambassador to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/R._Nicholas_Burns" title="R. Nicholas Burns">Nicholas Burns</a> said the disavowal was "reckless and one of the most serious mistakes of his presidency".<a href="#cite_note-:1-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> director, former <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> director, retired <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> four-star <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Michael Hayden</a> said that "Iran is further away from a weapon with this deal than they would be without it".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>Senator from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> criticized the decision: "Trump's speech today was the latest in a series of reckless decisions that move our country closer to conflict."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> political scientist <a href="/wiki/Gary_Samore" title="Gary Samore">Gary Samore</a> said that if "President Trump thinks he can crash the nuclear deal, reimpose international economic sanctions, and force Iran to negotiate a better deal, he is mistaken".<a href="#cite_note-:1-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> political scientist <a href="/wiki/Graham_T._Allison" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham T. Allison">Graham T. Allison</a> said that it was "a bad choice for the U.S. and bad choice for our ally Israel".<a href="#cite_note-:1-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> political scientist <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bunn" title="Matthew Bunn">Matthew Bunn</a> said that Trump had freed Iran to build up its ability to make nuclear bomb material.<a href="#cite_note-:1-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> political scientist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Stephen Walt</a> said it was Trump's "most consequential foreign-policy blunder".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>Former secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> reiterated his longstanding support for the Iran Nuclear Deal, 5/16/2018<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>: In an official statement, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> declared that they were extremely concerned that the United States was repeatedly acting contrary to the opinion of the majority of states and exclusively in its own narrow-minded and opportunistic interests, in flagrant violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-ThePeninsula-57">[57]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>: <ul><li>A Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU "deeply regrets the announcement by US President Trump to withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <ul><li>Even though The European Council on Foreign Relations does not take collective positions, several of its Council Members have signed a European Joint Call on the US to "reconsider its approach to the JCPOA".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: <a href="/wiki/China%27s_Special_Envoy_on_the_Middle_East_Issue" title="China's Special Envoy on the Middle East Issue">China's Special Envoy on the Middle East Issue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gong_Xiaosheng" title="Gong Xiaosheng">Gong Xiaosheng</a> stated that the People's Republic of China would continue to preserve and implement the comprehensive agreement on Iran's nuclear program, saying that 'dialogue is better than confrontation'.<a href="#cite_note-ThePeninsula-57">[57]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <ul><li>Former French president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> said that Donald Trump's personality was driven by "its cynicism, its vulgarity and its egocentricity" and, therefore, the only thing he wanted was "to tear up the deal".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>The French minister of foreign affairs, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a>, expressed concern about the political stability of the region, but reaffirmed that the deal was not dead despite the American withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-ThePeninsula-57">[57]</a></li> <li>Former French minister of foreign affairs <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a> said the withdrawal was "extremely dangerous for the stability of the Middle East".<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li>Former UK prime minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> said that the Iran deal was "so much better" than any alternative.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: <ul><li>Speaking to <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/HARDtalk" title="HARDtalk">HARDtalk</a>, Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> called the U.S. withdrawal problematic and said that "continuity between states is fundamental".<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kickert" title="Jan Kickert">Jan Kickert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Representative to the United Nations">permanent representative to the United Nations</a>, denounced as "wrong and unjustifiable" a move by the U.S. administration to decertify Iran's compliance with the Iran deal.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: <ul><li>In a meeting with Iranian labor minister Ali Rabie, Finnish minister of labor Jari Tapani Lindström said that Finland is still committed to the nuclear deal.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: <ul><li>Portugal regrets the USA's rejection of the Iran nuclear deal<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and Portuguese minister of internal administration <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cabrita" title="Eduardo Cabrita">Eduardo Cabrita</a> has affirmed that Portugal will continue to respect the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <ul><li>Spain pulled a frigate from U.S. Gulf mission due to differences over Iran, accusing the U.S. government of taking "a decision outside of the framework of what had been agreed with the Spanish Navy".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: Former Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> said Trump's decision made the world "more uncertain".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_consequences">Diplomatic consequences</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Diplomatic consequences">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supporting_countries">Supporting countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Supporting countries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>'s government issued a statement welcoming the withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> supported the withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> called the withdrawal a "brave decision".<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Foreign Ministry</a> stated that "Iran used economic gains from the lifting of sanctions to continue its activities to destabilize the region, particularly by developing ballistic missiles and supporting terrorist groups in the region."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>' <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(United_Arab_Emirates)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (United Arab Emirates)">Foreign Ministry</a> has announced support for the decision.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>'s government announced its full support for the decision.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_countries">Opposing countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Opposing countries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Remaining_JCPOA_Participants">Remaining JCPOA Participants</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Remaining JCPOA Participants">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">supreme leader of Iran</a>, calling Trump's words "cheap and petty", said during a speech: "We kept saying not to trust the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> and here is the result.... Aside from at least 10 obvious lies, this person [<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>] threatened the nation of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and the Islamic Republic, which I, on behalf of the nation of Iran, respond with: Like hell you will!... The persistent enmity of the US is with the nature of the [Islamic] system and the nuclear energy is nothing more than an excuse. If we go along with their wishes today, tomorrow they will bring more excuses.... Our officials and authorities tell me that they want to continue the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">JCPOA</a> with these three European countries [<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>]. I don't trust these three countries either."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> said: "The US has announced that it doesn't respect its commitments."<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2">[2]</a> He stated Iran's intention of continuing the nuclear deal, but ultimately doing what's best for the country, "I have directed the Atomic Energy Agency to prepare for the next steps, if necessary, to begin our own industrial enrichment without restriction," Rouhani said in a statement just minutes after Trump withdrew the US from the Iran nuclear deal. "We will wait several weeks before acting on this decision. We will be consulting with friends, our allies and members who have signed on to the agreement. Everything depends on our national interests. If our nation's interests are attained in the end, we will continue the process."<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> He stated that the nuclear deal would continue if Iran was able to meet the demands of the Iranian people with the cooperation of five countries in a short period.<a href="#cite_note-ThePeninsula-57">[57]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> top diplomat <a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a> said the EU was "determined to preserve the deal".<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2">[2]</a> The EU Commission president, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>, understand that the US does not want anymore to co-operate with other countries. According to him, the US as an international actor has lost vigour, and will lose influence in the long term.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>'s economy minister <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a> said It was "not acceptable" for the US to be the "economic policeman of the planet".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Leaders of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom have jointly expressed "regret" at Trump's decision.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-81">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> expressed "regret" at Trump's decision.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-81">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> expressed "regret" at Trump's decision.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-81">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> told reporters there would be "inevitable harmful consequences to any actions towards breaking [the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Russian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> criticized the United States, saying "once again we see that Washington is trying to revise key international agreements, this time to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the Jerusalem issue and a number of other agreements."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s foreign ministry reiterated that all sides should continue to uphold their end of the agreement and that the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA) has said many times that Iran is in compliance with the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersChinaReport-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hua_Chunying" title="Hua Chunying">Hua Chunying</a>, spokeswoman of <a href="/wiki/China%27s_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="China's Foreign Ministry">China's Foreign Ministry</a>, said that "[a]ll sides need to continue upholding the pact."<a href="#cite_note-ReutersChinaReport-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Middle East">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>'s foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Ayman_Safadi" title="Ayman Safadi">Ayman Safadi</a> warned of "dangerous repercussions" and a possible arms race in the Middle East unless a political solution was found to free the region of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> "strongly" condemned Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="G20_states">G20 states</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: G20 states">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> said that he regrets the decision.<a href="#cite_note-:2-88">[88]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a> said the Iran nuclear agreement must be preserved.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s foreign ministry said Japan continues to support the deal and that it "hopes for a continued constructive response from the nations involved".<a href="#cite_note-:2-88">[88]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>'s presidential spokesman <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Kal%C4%B1n" title="İbrahim Kalın">İbrahim Kalın</a> said the decision by the United States to unilaterally withdraw from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal will cause instability and new conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>'s minister of foreign affairs <a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a> said he was "greatly disappointed by the US announcement that it is withdrawing from the nuclear agreement with Iran".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>' <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">deputy vice prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Jonge" title="Hugo de Jonge">Hugo de Jonge</a> said that the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> will try to keep the Iran deal intact as much as possible, and will make efforts to this end on a diplomatic level. Furthermore, he said that the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Dutch government</a> finds the decision by American <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">president Trump</a> to pull out of the Iran deal extremely unwise, since it will impact international security and thus also the security of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> said the withdrawal was a step backwards.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>'s permanent representative to the United Nations Foo Kok Jwee urged "all relevant parties to remain committed to the JCPoA".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> criticized Trump's decision to leave the Iran deal.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>'s authorities said the US withdrawal does not change their position and respect for the accord.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In January 2020, the Swiss Humanitarian Trade Arrangement (SHTA) was implemented, assuring export guarantees through Swiss financial institutions for shipments of food and medical products to Iran.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neutral_countries">Neutral countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Neutral countries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> reiterated its friendly and cooperative relations with the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and stated that it will continue to follow up on this development and make all possible and available efforts to maintain the security and the stability in the region. Oman's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that they value the stance of the five partners to adhere to this agreement, thus contributing to regional and international security and stability.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> stressed that the main priority is to free the Middle East from nuclear weapons and to prevent the entry of regional powers in a nuclear arms race.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> called for diplomacy to resolve the dispute over the Iran nuclear deal. The foreign ministry was measured in its response: "All parties should engage constructively to address and resolve issues that have arisen with respect to the JCPOA," the foreign ministry said in a statement.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion_in_the_United_States">Public opinion in the United States</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public opinion in the United States">edit</a>]</div> A majority of Americans said the United States should remain in the JCPOA. <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Should the United States withdraw from the Iran deal?<a href="#cite_note-CNNMajority-101">[101]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Stay in</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:63%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">63%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Leave</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:29%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">No opinion</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FED105; width:8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> poll conducted between May 2, 2018, and May 5, 2018, the strongest proponents of withdrawing from the deal were <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> at 51%.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMajority-101">[101]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 53% of the American public and 94% of U.S. <a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">scholars</a> in <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> disapproved of Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear weapons agreement.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alleged_Violations_of_the_1955_Treaty_of_Amity_(Iran_v._United_States)" title="Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity (Iran v. United States)">Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity (Iran v. United States)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA,_around_former_US_embassy,_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA%2C_around_former_US_embassy%2C_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg/250px-Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA%2C_around_former_US_embassy%2C_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA%2C_around_former_US_embassy%2C_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg/375px-Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA%2C_around_former_US_embassy%2C_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA%2C_around_former_US_embassy%2C_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg/500px-Protests_after_US_decision_to_withdraw_from_JCPOA%2C_around_former_US_embassy%2C_Tehran_-_8_May_2018_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Protests around <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Tehran" title="Embassy of the United States, Tehran">former U.S. embassy</a> in Tehran, 8 May 2018</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blinken" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a>, a former Obama deputy secretary of state who took part in the negotiation of the original deal, the JCPOA's future depends on Iran's willingness to abide by it, and so on the economic benefit the deal will give Iran.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The Israeli military put their forces on alert. Israeli citizens living in the Golan Heights were told to prepare bomb shelters.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Trade">edit</a>]</div> Trump also wanted to sanction European companies that trade with Tehran.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> After the JCPOA was announced, in December 2016, Boeing signed a $17 billion deal with Iran and Airbus signed a $19 billion one. These deals were subsequently canceled.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> China is involved in a $1.5 billion deal for infrastructure, and its <a href="/wiki/CITIC" class="mw-redirect" title="CITIC">CITIC</a> bank provides $10 billion lines of credit to Iranian banks. Using euros and the yuan, this bank should not be subject to US sanctions against companies that use US dollars.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The French company <a href="/wiki/Total_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Total S.A.">Total S.A.</a> won a project in the <a href="/wiki/South_Pars" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pars">South Pars</a> gas field that could be hit by US sanctions. In anticipation of a possible pull-out by Total, Chinese company <a href="/wiki/CNPC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNPC">CNPC</a> signed a $1 billion deal giving it the option to take over Total's commitments.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <ul><li>Oil prices became unstable amid uncertainty of how President Trump's sanctions might affect the flow of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> out of Iran.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> According to some experts, oil supplies could have been be affected if Iran reduced its exports.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>In a phone interview with <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>, Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> said, "[Trump] has taken a situation where there was no crisis, and created crisis."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> "We [the United States] are in breach of the agreement," Kerry warned.</li> <li>On Wednesday, May 9, 2018, on the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Parliament">Iranian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majlis" title="Majlis">Majlis</a>, conservative <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MPs</a>, set fire to a copy of the JCPOA amid chants of "death to America."<a href="#cite_note-CNN1-113">[113]</a> They also set fire to a United States flag.<a href="#cite_note-CNN1-113">[113]</a> Meanwhile, Iranian President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> has attempted to moderate Iran's response. Rouhani promised to abide by the agreement for the time being and directed his diplomats to negotiate with the deal's remaining participants, saying the agreement could survive without the United States.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>John Hultquist, director of intelligence analysis at FireEye, a <a href="/wiki/Milpitas,_California" title="Milpitas, California">Milpitas, California</a> cybersecurity company, said that Iran might attempt <a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">cyberattacks</a> on American infrastructure: "They were in some very sensitive areas of airport networks where they could conceivably cause serious disruption ...but the malicious code was identified and the hackers were booted off". He declined to identify which U.S. airports were affected, saying only that there were multiple targets.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>Iranian Oil Minister <a href="/wiki/Bijan_Zanganeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijan Zanganeh">Bijan Zanganeh</a> said, "Trump's decision will not have any impact on our oil export".<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Ahmad_Khatami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami">Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami</a> said, "The holy system of the Islamic Republic will step up its missile capabilities day by day so that Israel, this occupying regime, will become sleepless and the nightmare will constantly haunt it that if it does anything foolish, we will raze Tel Aviv and Haifa to the ground".<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li>Iran announced its readiness to enrich uranium on an "industrial scale" starting in 2025. Iran's Atomic Energy Organization said in a statement, "The President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran has been tasked with taking all necessary steps in preparation for Iran to pursue industrial-scale enrichment without any restrictions, using the results of the latest research and development of Iran's brave nuclear scientists".<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economic impact">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> Idriss Jazairy, the reimposition of economic sanctions after the unilateral U.S. withdrawal in 2018 "is destroying the economy and currency of Iran, driving millions of people into poverty and making imported goods unaffordable." He appealed to the U.S. and the European Union to ensure that Iranian financial institutions can make payments for essential goods, including foods, medicines and industrial imports. The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> stressed that "sanctions must not harm the human rights of ordinary citizens."<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In November 2019, when the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> further tightened financial sanctions and the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">rial</a>'s devaluation continued, a subsequent increase in energy prices caused widespread protests and violent confrontations in Tehran and other major cities. The economies of border regions with urban areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Zahedan" title="Zahedan">Zahedan</a>, felt the most drastic impact as traders had to pay more for imports, e.g. electronic appliances, while at the same time, the export value for manufactured goods, such as Persian rugs, decreased.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Iraq's economy was also seriously affected by the continued financial sanctions, since Iran is a major exporter of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> to Iraq, and <a href="/wiki/Food_prices" title="Food prices">food prices</a> increased in Iraq after 2016.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In September 2022, the <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a> concluded in a working paper, "coupled with low economic growth and high unemployment, rising inflation has fueled widespread protests in the country amid a significant erosion in purchasing power." According to an estimate by <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">Iran's Ministry of Labour and Social Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_against_Iran" title="International sanctions against Iran">international sanctions</a> have pushed one-third of Iranians into poverty. Iranian analyst Abdolreza Davari confirmed that economic despair is one of the major factors uniting those who oppose <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Raisi" title="Ebrahim Raisi">Ebrahim Raisi</a>'s government. The protests themselves, triggered by the death of <a href="/wiki/Mahsa_Amini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahsa Amini">Mahsa Amini</a> in mid-September, were seen as a possible stumbling block to revive JCPOA negotiations, as more sanctions were imposed on Iranian officials.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Global_economy">Global economy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Global economy">edit</a>]</div> According to a study by <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>, Iran could play a larger role in global energy markets if sanctions are lifted. But IranPoll found that only 47% of Iran's citizens approve of the nuclear deal, compared to 76% when it was originally introduced. The study also concluded that a revival of the JCPOA could be good for global equities. Even if a new agreement is out of reach, lifting secondary U.S. sanctions on Chinese and Indian entities could free up more than 1 million barrels of oil per day.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMAD_Project" title="AMAD Project">Project Amad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Iran_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States withdrawal from the United Nations">United States withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_statute#European_Union_blocking_statute" title="Blocking statute">European Union blocking statute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLandler2018" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/world/middleeast/trump-iran-nuclear-deal.html">"Trump Withdraws U.S. From 'One-Sided' Iran Nuclear 18-05-08"</a>. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509153508/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-india-reaction/india-calls-for-dialogue-to-resolve-iran-nuclear-accord-dispute-idUSKBN1IA1P8">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2018. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508185901/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/08/politics/poll-iran-agreement/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2018. 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May 7, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510190047/http://www.pewresearch.org/ft_04-16-18_tripirscholars/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2018. 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Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508222442/https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/2018/5/8/17332424/iran-nuclear-deal-israel-attack-trump">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2018. 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Retrieved May 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+the+rest+of+the+world+is+trying+to+save+Iran+nuclear+deal+from+Trump%27s+attempts+to+sabotage+it&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.au=Kim+Sengupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Ftrump-iran-nuclear-deal-latest-russia-china-europe-us-response-a8343891.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShkurtaj2018" class="citation web cs1">Shkurtaj, Tony (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/on-iran-deal-russia-and-china-could-save-iran-from-harm-caused-by-us-economic-sanctions">"On Iran deal, Russia and China could save Iran from harm caused by US economic sanctions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511110856/http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/05/08/on-iran-deal-russia-and-china-could-save-iran-from-harm-caused-by-us-economic-sanctions.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=On+Iran+deal%2C+Russia+and+China+could+save+Iran+from+harm+caused+by+US+economic+sanctions&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.aulast=Shkurtaj&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fopinion%2Fon-iran-deal-russia-and-china-could-save-iran-from-harm-caused-by-us-economic-sanctions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan" class="citation news cs1">Egan, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/08/investing/trump-iran-deal-oil-prices/index.html">"Oil prices swing wildly after Trump announces exit from Iran deal"</a>. CNNMoney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508172804/http://money.cnn.com/2018/05/08/investing/trump-iran-deal-oil-prices/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oil+prices+swing+wildly+after+Trump+announces+exit+from+Iran+deal&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F08%2Finvesting%2Ftrump-iran-deal-oil-prices%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/john-kerry-trump-has-taken-a-situation-where-there-was-no-crisis-and-created-crisis-1228479555505">"John Kerry: "[Trump] has taken a situation where there was no crisis, and created crisis"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511141141/http://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/john-kerry-trump-has-taken-a-situation-where-there-was-no-crisis-and-created-crisis-1228479555505">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+Kerry%3A+%22%5BTrump%5D+has+taken+a+situation+where+there+was+no+crisis%2C+and+created+crisis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fdeadline-white-house%2Fwatch%2Fjohn-kerry-trump-has-taken-a-situation-where-there-was-no-crisis-and-created-crisis-1228479555505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN1-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN1_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN1_113-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/09/middleeast/iran-reacts-nuclear-deal-intl/index.html">"In Iran, hardliners are burning the deal and the American flag"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509183735/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/09/middleeast/iran-reacts-nuclear-deal-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Iran%2C+hardliners+are+burning+the+deal+and+the+American+flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F09%2Fmiddleeast%2Firan-reacts-nuclear-deal-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iran-prepared-for-all-scenarios-if-trump-nixes-nuclear-deal-officials-say/2018/05/08/531047a0-5241-11e8-a6d4-ca1d035642ce_story.html">"Iran to negotiate with Europeans, Russia and China about remaining in nuclear deal"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508190047/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iran-prepared-for-all-scenarios-if-trump-nixes-nuclear-deal-officials-say/2018/05/08/531047a0-5241-11e8-a6d4-ca1d035642ce_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iran+to+negotiate+with+Europeans%2C+Russia+and+China+about+remaining+in+nuclear+deal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Firan-prepared-for-all-scenarios-if-trump-nixes-nuclear-deal-officials-say%2F2018%2F05%2F08%2F531047a0-5241-11e8-a6d4-ca1d035642ce_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/national-security/article210787999.html">"Expect Iran to react with cyberattacks now that nuke deal is dying, experts say"</a>. McClatchy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510051146/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/national-security/article210787999.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Expect+Iran+to+react+with+cyberattacks+now+that+nuke+deal+is+dying%2C+experts+say&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fnational%2Fnational-security%2Farticle210787999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulianne_Geiger2018" class="citation news cs1">Julianne Geiger (May 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Iran-Upbeat-About-Oil-Exports-Despite-Sanction-Threat.html">"Iran Upbeat About Oil Exports Despite Sanction Threat"</a>. OilPrice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512043758/https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Iran-Upbeat-About-Oil-Exports-Despite-Sanction-Threat.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iran+Upbeat+About+Oil+Exports+Despite+Sanction+Threat&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.au=Julianne+Geiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foilprice.com%2FLatest-Energy-News%2FWorld-News%2FIran-Upbeat-About-Oil-Exports-Despite-Sanction-Threat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/11/iran-israel-nuclear-destruction-584196">"Iranian cleric threatens destruction of Israeli cities"</a>. Politico. Associated Press. May 11, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925235619/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/05/11/iran-israel-nuclear-destruction-584196">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Iranian+cleric+threatens+destruction+of+Israeli+cities&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2018%2F05%2F11%2Firan-israel-nuclear-destruction-584196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorell2018" class="citation web cs1">Dorell, Oren (May 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/05/11/iran-industrial-scale-nuclear-production/602117002/">"Iran preps 'industrial-scale' nuke production after U.S. leaves nuclear deal"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512012429/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/05/11/iran-industrial-scale-nuclear-production/602117002/">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Iran+preps+%27industrial-scale%27+nuke+production+after+U.S.+leaves+nuclear+deal&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.aulast=Dorell&rft.aufirst=Oren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2018%2F05%2F11%2Firan-industrial-scale-nuclear-production%2F602117002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+withdrawal+from+the+Joint+Comprehensive+Plan+of+Action" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/iran-sanctions-are-unjust-and-harmful-says-un-expert-warning-against">"Iran sanctions are unjust and harmful, says UN expert warning against generalised economic war"</a> ohchr.org. Retrieved 22 September 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46102017">"Iran sanctions: How Iranians are feeling the impact"</a>. Retrieved 12 January 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.humdata.org/dataset/wfp-food-prices-for-iraq">Iraq food prices</a> HDX.org. Retrieved 12 January 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Mohammed Uzair Shaikh (October 03, 2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world/in-depth-irans-raging-protests-expose-its-economic-pressures-9267661.html">"In-Depth | Iran's raging protests expose its economic pressures"</a> moneycontrol.com. Retrieved 9 Oct 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/christopherbaxter/files/09.29.2022_-_between_a_rock_and_a_hard_place_-_restoring_the_iran_nuclear_deal.pdf">"Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Restoring the Iran Nuclear Deal"</a> harvard.edu. Retrieved 5 October 2022. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Transport_in_Iran" title="Transport in Iran">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Company">National Iranian Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_South_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian South Oil Company">National Iranian South Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Offshore_Oil_Company" title="Iranian Offshore Oil Company">Iranian Offshore Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Central_Oil_Fields_Company" title="Iranian Central 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg/121px-CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg/182px-CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg/242px-CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="705" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Iran" title="Natural gas in Iran">Natural gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Exporting_Countries_Forum" title="Gas Exporting Countries Forum">Gas Exporting Countries Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_LNG" title="Iran LNG">Iran LNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Gas_Company" title="National Iranian Gas Company">National Iranian Gas Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_reserves_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas reserves in Iran">Natural gas reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_LNG" title="Persian LNG">Persian LNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pars/North_Dome_Gas-Condensate_field" title="South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field">South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">Gasoline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Gasoline_Rationing_Plan_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan in Iran">2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Iran#Smuggling" title="Taxation in Iran">Fuel smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Refining_and_Distribution_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company">National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaluyeh" title="Asaluyeh">Asaluyeh industrial corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marun_petrochemical_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Marun petrochemical complex">Marun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Petrochemical_Company" title="National Petrochemical Company">National Petrochemical Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Petrochemical_Company#Special_industrial_economic_zones" title="National Petrochemical Company">Special industrial economic zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_petrochemical_company" title="Jam petrochemical company">Jam petrochemical company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PADJAM_Polymer_Development_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PADJAM Polymer Development Company (page does not exist)">PADJAM Polymer Development Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">Pipelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dauletabad%E2%80%93Sarakhs%E2%80%93Khangiran_pipeline" title="Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran pipeline">Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Gas_Trunkline" title="Iran Gas Trunkline">Gas Trunkline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Armenia_gas_pipeline" title="Iran–Armenia gas pipeline">Iran–Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq%E2%80%93Syria_pipeline" title="Iran–Iraq–Syria pipeline">Iran–Iraq–Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran%E2%80%93Oman_pipeline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iran–Oman pipeline (page does not exist)">Iran–Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran-Pakistan-India_gas_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline">Iran–Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korpeje%E2%80%93Kordkuy_pipeline" title="Korpeje–Kordkuy pipeline">Korpeje–Kordkuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabucco_pipeline" title="Nabucco pipeline">Nabucco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neka%E2%80%93Jask_pipeline" title="Neka–Jask pipeline">Neka–Jask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz%E2%80%93Ankara_pipeline" title="Tabriz–Ankara pipeline">Tabriz–Ankara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Organization_of_Iran" title="Atomic Energy Organization of Iran">Atomic Energy Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_facilities_in_Iran" title="Nuclear facilities in Iran">Facilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IR-40" title="IR-40">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkhovin_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Darkhovin Nuclear Power Plant">Darkhovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordow_Fuel_Enrichment_Plant" title="Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant">Fordow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natanz_Nuclear_Facility" title="Natanz Nuclear Facility">Natanz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iran" title="Wind power in Iran">Wind power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jey_Oil_Refining_Company" title="Jey Oil Refining Company">Jey Oil Refining Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Iran" title="Climate change in Iran">Climate change in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Iran" title="Construction industry of Iran">Construction industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DESA_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="DESA (company)">DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Shipbuilding_%26_Offshore_Industries_Complex" title="Iran Shipbuilding & Offshore Industries Complex">ISOICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatam-al_Anbiya_Construction_Headquarters" title="Khatam-al Anbiya Construction Headquarters">Khatam al-Anbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SADRA" title="SADRA">SADRA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Iran" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Iran">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Iran" title="Foreign direct investment in Iran">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharg_Island" title="Kharg Island">Kharg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Energy (Iran)">Ministry of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Petroleum (Iran)">Ministry of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran#Oil_Stabilization_Fund_(OSF)_and_National_Development_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Oil Stabilization Fund</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Fund_of_Iran" title="National Development Fund of Iran">National Development Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Iran" title="Privatization in Iran">Privatization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AzarAb_Industries" title="AzarAb Industries">AzarAb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEPCO" title="HEPCO">HEPCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDRO_Group" title="IDRO Group">IDRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Sazi_Arak" title="Machine Sazi Arak">Machine Sazi Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAPNA_Group" title="MAPNA Group">MAPNA Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iran">Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftiran_Intertrade" title="Naftiran Intertrade">Naftiran Intertrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Tanker_Company" title="National Iranian Tanker Company">National Iranian Tanker Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jey_Oil_Refining_Company" title="Jey Oil Refining Company">Jey Oil Refining Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donald_Trump496" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump" title="Template:Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donald_Trump496" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">45th</a> (2017–2021) and <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">47th</a> (2025–present) <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump">legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">business projects in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">links between business partners and Russian government officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group" title="Trump Media & Technology Group">Trump Media & Technology Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football" title="Donald Trump and American football">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump">Honors and awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Relationship to fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Donald Trump and the American Civil War">Views on the American Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump" title="Rhetoric of Donald Trump">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="2021 Conservative Political Action Conference">2021 CPAC speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of endorsements by Donald Trump">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="False or misleading statements by Donald Trump">False or misleading statements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump">Promotion of conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Timeline of protests against Donald Trump">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump" title="Security incidents involving Donald Trump">Security incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident" title="2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident">Las Vegas rally incident</a></li></ul></li> <li>Attempted assassinations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania">in Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs" title="Donald Trump raised-fist photographs">raised-fist photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Matthew_Crooks" title="Thomas Matthew Crooks">perpetrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida">in Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Wesley_Routh" title="Ryan Wesley Routh">suspect</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump" title="Age and health concerns about Donald Trump">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion" title="Donald Trump and religion">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana Trump</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a> (third wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Trump Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric Trump</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany Trump</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump" title="Mary Anne MacLeod Trump">Mary Anne MacLeod Trump</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry" title="Maryanne Trump Barry">Maryanne Trump Barry</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr." title="Fred Trump Jr.">Fred Trump Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trump" title="Robert Trump">Robert Trump</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Trump" title="Frederick Trump">Frederick Trump</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump" title="Elizabeth Christ Trump">Elizabeth Christ Trump</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara_Trump" title="Lara Trump">Lara Trump</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Boulos" title="Michael Boulos">Michael Boulos</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Trump" title="Vanessa Trump">Vanessa Trump</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Trump" title="Blaine Trump">Blaine Trump</a> (former sister-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalija_Knavs" title="Amalija Knavs">Amalija Knavs</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Trump" title="Mary L. Trump">Mary L. Trump</a> (niece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump_III" title="Fred Trump III">Fred Trump III</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Walter" title="John W. Walter">John W. Walter</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal" title="The Art of the Deal">The Art of the Deal</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump:_Surviving_at_the_Top" title="Trump: Surviving at the Top">Trump: Surviving at the Top</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Comeback" title="Trump: The Art of the Comeback">Trump: The Art of the Comeback</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_America_We_Deserve" title="The America We Deserve">The America We Deserve</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump:_How_to_Get_Rich" title="Trump: How to Get Rich">Trump: How to Get Rich</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_to_the_Top" title="The Way to the Top">The Way to the Top</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_101" title="Trump 101">Trump 101</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Want_You_to_Be_Rich" title="Why We Want You to Be Rich">Why We Want You to Be Rich</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Big_and_Kick_Ass" title="Think Big and Kick Ass">Think Big and Kick Ass</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_to_Get_Tough" title="Time to Get Tough">Time to Get Tough</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas_Touch_(book)" title="Midas Touch (book)">Midas Touch</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crippled_America" title="Crippled America">Crippled America</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#Announcement" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">announcement</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>" <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_hat" title="MAGA hat">hat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">links between campaign officials and Russian government officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 general election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Accountability" title="Republican Accountability">Republican opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech" title="Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech">Mitt Romney speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape">Access Hollywood recording</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_(December_2016%E2%80%932022)#2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)">rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tulsa_Trump_rally" title="2020 Tulsa Trump rally">2020 Tulsa rally</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020 Republican primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 general election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements">political endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">attempts to overturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Chesebro#Legal_work" title="Kenneth Chesebro">Chesebro memos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">lawsuits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter" title="Jeffrey Clark letter">Jeffrey Clark letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud" title="Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud">Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">2024 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Announcement_and_Convention" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">annoucement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024 Republican primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 general election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump">eligibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them" title="Kamala is for they/them">Kamala is for they/them</a> (attack ad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A._Bible" title="God Bless the U.S.A. Bible">Trump Bible</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A." title="God Bless the U.S.A.">God Bless the U.S.A.</a>" (campaign song)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Y.M.C.A._(song)" title="Y.M.C.A. (song)">Y.M.C.A.</a>" (campaign song)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents" title="FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents">FBI investigation into handling of government documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago" title="FBI search of Mar-a-Lago">FBI search of Mar-a-Lago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization" title="New York investigations of the Trump Organization">New York investigations of the Trump Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization" title="New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization#Criminal_investigation" title="New York investigations of the Trump Organization">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump" title="E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump">Carroll v. Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_(2022)" title="Trump v. United States (2022)">Trump v. United States (2022)</a></li> <li>State prosecutions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution" title="Georgia election racketeering prosecution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York" title="Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York">New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation" title="Smith special counsel investigation">Smith special counsel investigation</a></li> <li>Federal prosecution <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_(classified_documents_case)" title="Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)">classified documents case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_(election_obstruction_case)" title="Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)">election obstruction case</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump" title="Mug shot of Donald Trump">Trump mug shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_(2024)" title="Trump v. United States (2024)">Trump v. United States (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">In popular culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_Sex_I%27ve_Ever_Had" title="Best Sex I've Ever Had">Best Sex I've Ever Had</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_dance" title="Trump dance">Trump dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump">SNL parodies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump#Queens" title="Residences of Donald Trump">85-15 Wareham Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_penthouse_of_Donald_Trump" title="Trump Tower penthouse of Donald Trump">penthouse apartment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster" title="Trump National Golf Club Bedminster">Bedminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Visionary" title="The Visionary">The Visionary</a></li> <li>Social media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media" title="Donald Trump's conflict with the media">conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_News_Update" title="Real News Update">Real News Update</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covfefe" title="Covfefe">covfefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_State_Park" title="Donald J. Trump State Park">Donald J. Trump State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames used</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Force_One" title="Trump Force One">Trump Force One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome" title="Trump derangement syndrome">Trump derangement syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Trump" title="Fort Trump">Fort Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li>Support groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikers_for_Trump" title="Bikers for Trump">Bikers for Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Black_Man" title="Michael the Black Man">Blacks for Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Voices_for_Trump" title="Black Voices for Trump">Black Voices for Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_for_Trump" title="Gays for Trump">Gays for Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_Trump" title="Women for Trump">Women for Trump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump">Pseudonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump">Wikipedia coverage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">← Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">← Joe Biden →</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump" title="Category:Donald Trump">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States545" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template:Iran–United States relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template talk:Iran–United States relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–United States relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States545" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran–United States relations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Iran,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Iran_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Iran to the United States">Ambassadors of Iran to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Tehran" title="Embassy of the United States, Tehran">Embassy of the United States, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Iran" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Iran">Ambassadors of the United States to Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interests_Section_of_Iran_in_the_United_States" title="Interests Section of Iran in the United States">Interests Section of Iran in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate-General_of_the_United_States,_Tabriz" title="Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz">Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Near_Eastern_Affairs" title="Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs">Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_Claims_Tribunal" title="Iran–United States Claims Tribunal">Iran–United States Claims Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Directorate" title="Iranian Directorate">Iranian Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Syria_Policy_and_Operations_Group" title="Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group">Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Corridor" title="Persian Corridor">Persian Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Command" title="Persian Gulf Command">Persian Gulf Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization_of_the_Iranian_oil_industry" title="Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry">Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Abadan_Crisis" title="Timeline of the Abadan Crisis">Abadan Crisis Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity,_Economic_Relations_and_Consular_Rights" title="Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights">Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Delawar" title="Exercise Delawar">Exercise Delawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Dark_Gene" title="Project Dark Gene">Project Dark Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Stability_(speech)" title="Island of Stability (speech)">Island of Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad%27s_letter_to_George_W._Bush" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_between_Barack_Obama_and_Ali_Khamenei" title="Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei">Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_conversation_between_Barack_Obama_and_Hassan_Rouhani" title="Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani">Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_leading_to_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Negotiations leading to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Plan of Action">Joint Plan of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_nuclear_deal_framework" title="Iran nuclear deal framework">Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Reactions to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Criticism of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Aftermath of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">United States support for Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeton_incident" title="Bridgeton incident">Bridgeton incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655" title="Iran Air Flight 655">Iran Air Flight 655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Ajr" title="Iran Ajr">Iran Ajr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Staunch" title="Operation Staunch">Operation Staunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eager_Glacier" title="Operation Eager Glacier">Operation Eager Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Earnest_Will" title="Operation Earnest Will">Operation Earnest Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prime_Chance" title="Operation Prime Chance">Operation Prime Chance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nimble_Archer" title="Operation Nimble Archer">Operation Nimble Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Praying_Mantis" title="Operation Praying Mantis">Operation Praying Mantis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance" title="Arab–Israeli alliance">Arab–Israeli alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">February 2019 Warsaw Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Reactions to the assassination of Qasem Soleimani">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_revenge_scenarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen revenge scenarios">Thirteen revenge scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_threat_for_the_destruction_of_Iranian_cultural_sites" title="Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites">Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Soleimani" title="Operation Martyr Soleimani">Operation Martyr Soleimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Camp_Taji_attacks" title="2020 Camp Taji attacks">2020 Camp Taji attacks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_after_1979" title="Iran–United States relations after 1979">Incidents after 1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Paul_R._Shaffer_and_John_H._Turner" title="Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner">Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iranian_hostage_crisis" title="Timeline of the Iranian hostage crisis">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_Conference" title="Guadeloupe Conference">Guadeloupe Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Credible_Sport" title="Operation Credible Sport">Operation Credible Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter%27s_engagement_with_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini">Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_October_Surprise_theory" title="1980 October Surprise theory">1980 October Surprise theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis_negotiations" title="Iran hostage crisis negotiations">Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_Accords" title="Algiers Accords">Algiers Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_can%27t_do_a_damn_thing_against_us" title="America can't do a damn thing against us">America can't do a damn thing against us</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombings" title="1983 Beirut barracks bombings">Beirut barracks bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Franklin_espionage_scandal" title="Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal">Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Robert_Levinson" title="Disappearance of Robert Levinson">Disappearance of Robert Levinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_kill_or_capture_strategy_in_Iraq" title="United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq">United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_raid_on_the_Iranian_Liaison_Office_in_Erbil" title="United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil">United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Jalal_Sharafi" title="Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi">Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iran%E2%80%93United_States_naval_dispute" title="2008 Iran–United States naval dispute">2008 Naval dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Monkey" title="Filipino Monkey">Filipino Monkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cassandra" title="Project Cassandra">Project Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%932011_detention_of_American_hikers_by_Iran" title="2009–2011 detention of American hikers by Iran">Detention of American hikers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Iran)" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Iran)">United States diplomatic cables leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Strait_of_Hormuz_dispute" title="2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute">Strait of Hormuz dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93U.S._RQ-170_incident" title="Iran–U.S. RQ-170 incident">RQ-170 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Maersk_Tigris" title="MV Maersk Tigris">MV Maersk Tigris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_U.S.%E2%80%93Iran_naval_incident" title="2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident">2016 Naval incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program of Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P5%2B1" title="P5+1">P5+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Merlin" title="Operation Merlin">Operation Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten">Charming Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Hossein_Alikhani" title="Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani">Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradition_case_of_Meng_Wanzhou" title="Extradition case of Meng Wanzhou">Arrest of Meng Wanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Iranian_students_at_US_airports" title="Deportation of Iranian students at US airports">Deportation of Iranian students at US airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Iranian_shoot-down_of_American_drone" title="2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone">2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_K-1_Air_Base_attack" title="2019 K-1 Air Base attack">2019 K-1 Air Base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_United_States_embassy_in_Baghdad" title="Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad">Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Iran_explosions" title="2020 Iran explosions">2020 Iran explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Erbil_rocket_attacks" title="2021 Erbil rocket attacks">2021 Erbil rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Natanz_incident" title="2021 Natanz incident">2021 Natanz incident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaked_Mohammad_Javad_Zarif_audiotape" title="Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape">Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2021_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident">July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2021_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident">August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_U.S.%E2%80%93Iran_naval_incident" title="2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident">2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Erbil_missile_attacks" title="2022 Erbil missile attacks">2022 Erbil missile attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">2023 Northeastern Syria clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Rajan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez Rajan">Seizure of Suez Rajan and St Nikolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_US_bases_in_Iraq,_Jordan,_and_Syria_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war">Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Erbil_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Erbil attack">2024 Erbil attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack" title="Tower 22 drone attack">Tower 22 drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iran">Legislation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_pressure_campaign" title="Maximum pressure campaign">Maximum pressure campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12170" title="Executive Order 12170">Executive Order 12170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12172" title="Executive Order 12172">Executive Order 12172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Trump travel ban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13876" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Order 13876">Executive Order 13876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_Libya_Sanctions_Act" title="Iran and Libya Sanctions Act">Iran and Libya Sanctions Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Nonproliferation_Act_of_2000" title="Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000">Iran Nonproliferation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran,_North_Korea,_Syria_Nonproliferation_Act" title="Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act">Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Freedom_and_Support_Act" title="Iran Freedom and Support Act">Iran Freedom and Support Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Sanctions_Enhancement_Act_of_2007" title="Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act of 2007">Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyl%E2%80%93Lieberman_Amendment" title="Kyl–Lieberman Amendment">Kyl–Lieberman Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Iran_Sanctions,_Accountability,_and_Divestment_Act_of_2010" title="Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010">Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Freedom_and_Counter-Proliferation_Act" title="Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act">Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_113-100" title="Public Law 113-100">Public Law 113-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Nuclear_Agreement_Review_Act_of_2015" title="Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015">Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dames_%26_Moore_v._Regan" title="Dames & Moore v. Regan">Dames & Moore v. Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Diplomatic_and_Consular_Staff_in_Tehran" title="United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran">United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Platforms_case" title="Oil Platforms case">Oil Platforms case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Banki" title="United States v. Banki">United States v. Banki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Markazi_v._Peterson" title="Bank Markazi v. Peterson">Bank Markazi v. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certain_Iranian_Assets" title="Certain Iranian Assets">Certain Iranian Assets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubin_v._Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran">Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleged_Violations_of_the_1955_Treaty_of_Amity_(Iran_v._United_States)" title="Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity (Iran v. United States)">Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Groups and individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Action_Group" title="Iran Action Group">Iran Action Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93America_Society" title="Iran–America Society">Iran–America Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Students_Association_in_the_United_States" title="Iranian Students Association in the United States">Iranian Students Association in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_American_Council" title="National Iranian American Council">National Iranian American Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Iranian_American_Communities" title="Organization of Iranian American Communities">Organization of Iranian American Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Against_Nuclear_Iran" title="United Against Nuclear Iran">United Against Nuclear Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farashgard" title="Farashgard">Farashgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jundallah_(Iran)" title="Jundallah (Iran)">Jundallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Assembly_of_Iran" title="Kingdom Assembly of Iran">Kingdom Assembly of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Iran">National Council of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Resistance_of_Iran" title="National Council of Resistance of Iran">National Council of Resistance of Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Mojahedin_Organization_of_Iran" title="People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran">People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Abrams" title="Elliott Abrams">Elliott Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveh_L._Afrasiabi" title="Kaveh L. Afrasiabi">Kaveh L. Afrasiabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baskerville" title="Howard Baskerville">Howard Baskerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Fallon" title="William J. Fallon">William J. Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hook" title="Brian Hook">Brian Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Macmanus" title="Joseph Macmanus">Joseph Macmanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Malley" title="Robert Malley">Robert Malley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Mull" title="Stephen D. Mull">Stephen D. Mull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_David_Rabhan" title="Erwin David Rabhan">Erwin David Rabhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Rezaian" title="Jason Rezaian">Jason Rezaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Ritter" title="Scott Ritter">Scott Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Wadsworth" title="Craig Wadsworth">Craig Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._White_(U.S._veteran)" title="Michael R. White (U.S. veteran)">Michael R. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxana_Saberi" title="Roxana Saberi">Roxana Saberi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Abedini" title="Saeed Abedini">Saeed Abedini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeid_Aboutaleb" title="Saeid Aboutaleb">Saeid Aboutaleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahram_Amiri" title="Shahram Amiri">Shahram Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirous_Asgari" title="Sirous Asgari">Sirous Asgari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Reza_Banki" title="Mahmoud Reza Banki">Mahmoud Reza Banki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleh_Esfandiari" title="Haleh Esfandiari">Haleh Esfandiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Mirza_Hekmati" title="Amir Mirza Hekmati">Amir Mirza Hekmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezedin_Abdel_Aziz_Khalil" title="Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil">Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrzad_Mirgholikhan" title="Shahrzad Mirgholikhan">Shahrzad Mirgholikhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hosseini_(showman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hosseini (showman)">Mohammad Hosseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esha_Momeni" title="Esha Momeni">Esha Momeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquer_Namazi" title="Baquer Namazi">Baquer Namazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamak_Namazi" title="Siamak Namazi">Siamak Namazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahar_Nowrouzzadeh" title="Sahar Nowrouzzadeh">Sahar Nowrouzzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Pahlavi,_Crown_Prince_of_Iran" title="Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran">Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Noor Pahlavi">Noor Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trita_Parsi" title="Trita Parsi">Trita Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Rajavi" title="Maryam Rajavi">Maryam Rajavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolreza_Shahlaei" title="Abdolreza Shahlaei">Abdolreza Shahlaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shakeri" title="Ali Shakeri">Ali Shakeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Soleimani" title="Masoud Soleimani">Masoud Soleimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morad_Tahbaz" title="Morad Tahbaz">Morad Tahbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kian_Tajbakhsh" title="Kian Tajbakhsh">Kian Tajbakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Vafadari" title="Karan Vafadari">Karan Vafadari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiyue_Wang" title="Xiyue Wang">Xiyue Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_Zakka" title="Nizar Zakka">Nizar Zakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_detainees_at_Guantanamo_Bay" title="List of Iranian detainees at Guantanamo Bay">Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Muhammed" title="Abdul Majid Muhammed">Abdul Majid Muhammed</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v_Iran_(1998_FIFA_World_Cup)" title="United States v Iran (1998 FIFA World Cup)">1998 FIFA World Cup match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_relations_between_Iran_and_the_United_States" title="Academic relations between Iran and the United States">Academic relations between Iran and the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Islam_(term)" title="American Islam (term)">American Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Iran" title="Anti-American sentiment in Iran">Anti-American sentiment in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Iran" title="CIA activities in Iran">CIA activities in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_copyright_relations" title="Iran–United States copyright relations">Copyright relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_to_America" title="Death to America">Death to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_containment" title="Dual containment">Dual containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Satan" title="Great Satan">Great Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Hollywoodism" title="International Conference on Hollywoodism">International Conference on Hollywoodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_frozen_assets" title="Iranian frozen assets">Iranian frozen assets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsor of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">United States and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/650_Fifth_Avenue" title="650 Fifth Avenue">650 Fifth Avenue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Foundation" title="Alavi Foundation">Alavi Foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alborz_High_School" title="Alborz High School">Alborz High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Iranian_Studies" title="American Institute of Iranian Studies">American Institute of Iranian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_School_of_Isfahan" title="American School of Isfahan">American School of Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_School,_Tehran" title="Community School, Tehran">Community School, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damavand_College" title="Damavand College">Damavand College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Bethel_School" title="Iran Bethel School">Iran Bethel School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranzamin_School" title="Iranzamin School">Iranzamin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Church,_Tehran" title="Saint Peter Church, Tehran">Saint Peter Church, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_American_School" title="Tehran American School">Tehran American School</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bomb_Iran" title="Bomb Iran">Bomb Iran</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_(book)" title="Overthrow (book)">Overthrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_for_the_Faint_of_Heart" title="Not for the Faint of Heart">Not for the Faint of Heart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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