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For the Canadian government, the appearance of large numbers of draft resisters at the border was a boon." /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/DavidChurchill" /> <meta name="description" content="A significant portion of the growth in American immigration to Canada from the mid- 1960s to the mid-1970s was a consequence of the Vietnam War. For the Canadian government, the appearance of large numbers of draft resisters at the border was a boon." /> <title>(PDF) An Ambiguous Welcome: Vietnam Draft Resistance, the Canadian State, and Cold War Containment</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/88604203/An_Ambiguous_Welcome_Vietnam_Draft_Resistance_the_Canadian_State_and_Cold_War_Containment" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739847256000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739847256000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"A significant portion of the growth in American immigration to Canada from the mid- 1960s to the mid-1970s was a consequence of the Vietnam War. For the Canadian government, the appearance of large numbers of draft resisters at the border was a boon. Draft resisters, if not deserters, tended to be young, middle-class, and educated — the very type of immigrant the government wanted. Allowing entry to draft resisters also reaped an important symbolic benefit in that it allowed the Canadian government to demonstrate its independence from the United States and its opposition to the war. In practice, however, not all young Americans resisting militarism were welcomed. Government officials argued contradictory interpretations of the policy on admitting draft resisters and deserters and their legal status in Canada. The Cold War and the increased domestic concerns generated by student and protest movements in the 1960s also solidified cooperation between the American and Canadian security ...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"David S Churchill","url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/DavidChurchill"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-10-16","datePublished":"2004-01-01","headline":"An Ambiguous Welcome: Vietnam Draft Resistance, the Canadian State, and Cold War Containment","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92546303/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["History","Canadian History","Political Science","Cold War","U. 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":88604203,"created_at":"2022-10-16T16:28:06.411-07:00","from_world_paper_id":217605060,"updated_at":"2022-10-17T10:03:12.812-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"A significant portion of the growth in American immigration to Canada from the mid- 1960s to the mid-1970s was a consequence of the Vietnam War. For the Canadian government, the appearance of large numbers of draft resisters at the border was a boon. Draft resisters, if not deserters, tended to be young, middle-class, and educated — the very type of immigrant the government wanted. Allowing entry to draft resisters also reaped an important symbolic benefit in that it allowed the Canadian government to demonstrate its independence from the United States and its opposition to the war. In practice, however, not all young Americans resisting militarism were welcomed. Government officials argued contradictory interpretations of the policy on admitting draft resisters and deserters and their legal status in Canada. The Cold War and the increased domestic concerns generated by student and protest movements in the 1960s also solidified cooperation between the American and Canadian security ...","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"Histoire Sociale-social History"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"An Ambiguous Welcome: Vietnam Draft Resistance, the Canadian State, and Cold War Containment","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [24334]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":92546303,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “An Ambiguous Welcome: Vietnam Draft Resistance, the Canadian State, and Cold War Containment”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/92546303/mini_magick20221016-1-102fvla.png?1665962934" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">An Ambiguous Welcome: Vietnam Draft Resistance, the Canadian State, and Cold War Containment</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24334" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/DavidChurchill"><img alt="Profile image of David S Churchill" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/24334/7905/150346799/s65_david_s..churchill.jpeg" />David S Churchill</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, Histoire Sociale-social History</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">26 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 88604203; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">A significant portion of the growth in American immigration to Canada from the mid- 1960s to the mid-1970s was a consequence of the Vietnam War. For the Canadian government, the appearance of large numbers of draft resisters at the border was a boon. Draft resisters, if not deserters, tended to be young, middle-class, and educated — the very type of immigrant the government wanted. Allowing entry to draft resisters also reaped an important symbolic benefit in that it allowed the Canadian government to demonstrate its independence from the United States and its opposition to the war. In practice, however, not all young Americans resisting militarism were welcomed. Government officials argued contradictory interpretations of the policy on admitting draft resisters and deserters and their legal status in Canada. The Cold War and the increased domestic concerns generated by student and protest movements in the 1960s also solidified cooperation between the American and Canadian security ...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":92546303,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/88604203/An_Ambiguous_Welcome_Vietnam_Draft_Resistance_the_Canadian_State_and_Cold_War_Containment"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":92546303,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/88604203/An_Ambiguous_Welcome_Vietnam_Draft_Resistance_the_Canadian_State_and_Cold_War_Containment"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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"'Hell, they're your problem, not ours'" explores why, for example, U.S. diplomats would criticize Sweden for accepting dodgers and deserters and not Canada. This discrepancy will be examined through a transnational perspective which takes into consideration Canada's standing in U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War in general and the Vietnam War in particular. Bien que des dizaines de milliers d'insoumis et de déserteurs aient quitté les États-Unis pour le Canada pour éviter de combattre au Vietnam, le gouvernement américain n'a pas émis de protestation formelle à l'encontre des autorités canadiennes. Cet article, intitulé "Bon dieu, c'est votre problème, pas le nôtre", explore les raisons pour lesquelles, par exemple, les diplomates états-uniens ont critiqué la Suède pour sa politique d'accueil des insoumis et déserteurs et non le Canada. Cette contradiction sera examinée dans une perspective transnationale qui prendra en considération le rôle joué par le Canada dans la politique étrangère américaine durant la guerre froide en général et dans le contexte de la guerre du Vietnam en particulier.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘Hell, they’re your problem, not ours’: Draft Dodgers, Military Deserters and Canada-United States Relations in the Vietnam War Era","attachmentId":82432442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74196825/_Hell_they_re_your_problem_not_ours_Draft_Dodgers_Military_Deserters_and_Canada_United_States_Relations_in_the_Vietnam_War_Era","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74196825/_Hell_they_re_your_problem_not_ours_Draft_Dodgers_Military_Deserters_and_Canada_United_States_Relations_in_the_Vietnam_War_Era"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="37718241" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37718241/Review_Essay_Mark_Satin_ed_Manual_for_Draft_Age_Immigrants_to_Canada_Toronto_House_of_Anansi_2018_1968_%C3%89tudes_canadiennes_Canadian_Studies_N_85_December_2018_219_223">Review Essay: Mark Satin, ed., Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada (Toronto: House of Anansi, 2018 [1968]), Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies N°85 (December 2018): 219-223.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="482258" href="https://cyu-fr.academia.edu/LukeStewart">Luke Stewart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review Essay: Mark Satin, ed., Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada (Toronto: House of Anansi, 2018 [1968]), Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies N°85 (December 2018): 219-223.","attachmentId":58655312,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37718241/Review_Essay_Mark_Satin_ed_Manual_for_Draft_Age_Immigrants_to_Canada_Toronto_House_of_Anansi_2018_1968_%C3%89tudes_canadiennes_Canadian_Studies_N_85_December_2018_219_223","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37718241/Review_Essay_Mark_Satin_ed_Manual_for_Draft_Age_Immigrants_to_Canada_Toronto_House_of_Anansi_2018_1968_%C3%89tudes_canadiennes_Canadian_Studies_N_85_December_2018_219_223"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="82253085" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82253085/Seeking_Status_Forging_Refuge_U_S_War_Resister_Migrations_to_Canada">Seeking Status, Forging Refuge: U.S. War Resister Migrations to Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4265304" href="https://wlu-ca.academia.edu/AlisonMountz">Alison Mountz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Often people migrate through interstitial zones and categories between state territories, policies, or designations like “immigrant” or “refugee.” Where there is no formal protection or legal status, people seek, forge, and find safe haven in other ways, by other means, and by necessity. In this article, I argue that U.S. war resisters to Canada forged safe haven through broadly based social movements. I develop this argument through examination of U.S. war-resister histories, focusing on two generations: U.S. citizens who came during the U.S.-led wars in Vietnam and, more recently, Afghanistan and Iraq. Resisters and activists forged refuge through alternative paths to protection, including the creation of shelter, the pursuit of time-space trajectories that carried people away from war and militarism, the formation of social movements across the Canada-U.S. border, and legal challenges to state policies and practices.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Seeking Status, Forging Refuge: U.S. War Resister Migrations to Canada","attachmentId":88021124,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82253085/Seeking_Status_Forging_Refuge_U_S_War_Resister_Migrations_to_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82253085/Seeking_Status_Forging_Refuge_U_S_War_Resister_Migrations_to_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1602116" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1602116/Draft_Resisters_Left_Nationalism_and_the_Politics_of_Anti_Imperialism">Draft Resisters, Left Nationalism, and the Politics of Anti-Imperialism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24334" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/DavidChurchill">David S Churchill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The politics of Canadian left nationalism, opposition to the war in Vietnam, and critiques of us imperialism occupied shared, overlapping, and in many cases intersecting intellectual and cultural space in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Principally centred in Toronto as they were – though not exclusively – this article traces the ways that us draft resisters and expatriates became both advocates of left nationalism and contentious subjects within nationalist debates. For some, left Canadian nationalist draft resisters and other expatriates represented a symbol of independence and defiance vis-à-vis the United States. In turn this iconographic representation was challenged by some Canadian nationalists who saw American expatriates as yet another unwanted us import, part of American political influence and cultural, embodied representations of us hegemony on Canadian soil.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Draft Resisters, Left Nationalism, and the Politics of Anti-Imperialism","attachmentId":116480698,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1602116/Draft_Resisters_Left_Nationalism_and_the_Politics_of_Anti_Imperialism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1602116/Draft_Resisters_Left_Nationalism_and_the_Politics_of_Anti_Imperialism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="100333526" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100333526/Resisting_the_war_in_little_brother_country_Vietnam_War_exiles_identity_crisis_and_Canadianization">Resisting the war in "little brother country" : Vietnam War exiles, identity crisis and Canadianization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="238964347" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HenryJohn72">Henry John</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Resisting the war in \"little brother country\" : Vietnam War exiles, identity crisis and Canadianization","attachmentId":101186270,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100333526/Resisting_the_war_in_little_brother_country_Vietnam_War_exiles_identity_crisis_and_Canadianization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100333526/Resisting_the_war_in_little_brother_country_Vietnam_War_exiles_identity_crisis_and_Canadianization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="73070266" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73070266/The_Stories_They_Carried_Reflections_of_Vietnamese_Canadians_40_Years_after_That_War">The Stories They Carried: Reflections of Vietnamese-Canadians 40 Years after That War</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66427593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/priscillakoh3">priscilla koh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article explores the narratives of former refugees from Vietnam who resettled in Canada. Each of these stories highlights the profound dilemmas, motivations, and experiences of Vietnamese refugees. Collectively, they demonstrate the remarkable resilience of this community, and their determination to survive and remake themselves in Canada. The discussion illuminates the diversity and complexity of my respondents&#39; senses of belonging, homes, and homelands, and how such notions and ties are continually evolving. The research aims to contribute to the postwar/ refugee discourse, and to move the field beyond the parameter of the war and exodus from Vietnam, in order to study Vietnamese in all their complexities-in a new locale. Résumé Cet article explore les discours des anciens réfugiés du Vietnam qui se sont réinstallés au Canada. Chacune de ces histoires souligne les dilemmes profonds, les motivations et les expériences des réfugiés vietnamiens. Collectivement, elles démontr...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Stories They Carried: Reflections of Vietnamese-Canadians 40 Years after That War","attachmentId":81737810,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73070266/The_Stories_They_Carried_Reflections_of_Vietnamese_Canadians_40_Years_after_That_War","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73070266/The_Stories_They_Carried_Reflections_of_Vietnamese_Canadians_40_Years_after_That_War"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="112283325" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112283325/Creating_Postwar_Canada_Community_Diversity_and_Dissent_1945_1975_review_">Creating Postwar Canada: Community, Diversity, and Dissent, 1945–1975 (review)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27784" href="https://wmich.academia.edu/DanielMacfarlane">Daniel Macfarlane</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Canadian Historical Review, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Creating Postwar Canada: Community, Diversity, and Dissent, 1945–1975 (review)","attachmentId":109560643,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112283325/Creating_Postwar_Canada_Community_Diversity_and_Dissent_1945_1975_review_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112283325/Creating_Postwar_Canada_Community_Diversity_and_Dissent_1945_1975_review_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="120639949" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120639949/Immigrants_in_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces_Second_Acts_and_New_Canadians">Immigrants in the Canadian Armed Forces: Second Acts and New Canadians</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="131521" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/AimeeVieira">Aimee Vieira</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="316731187" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JiaGuo79">Jia Guo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Immigrant soldiers, aviators and sailors in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) comprise a small and difficult to formally identify minority of service members. This paper primarily draws on 19 interviews with immigrant military service members serving or having recently served in the CAF. The data was extracted from a larger ongoing research project focusing on immigrants serving in the militaries of the Five Eyes countries, namely, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. While their stories highlight the importance of family in the immigration journey, the challenges of the immigration process, and the value of connections in the new country's military, they also reveal a hidden aspect of Canadian military accessions that serve to reinforce entrenched national interests and alliances in a way that advantages some individuals and groups. The practices revealed in these interviews may also partially expose how a strong military culture intersects with individualized opportunity structures to hinder intended institutional cultural change.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immigrants in the Canadian Armed Forces: Second Acts and New Canadians","attachmentId":115725244,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120639949/Immigrants_in_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces_Second_Acts_and_New_Canadians","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120639949/Immigrants_in_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces_Second_Acts_and_New_Canadians"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="71851917" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71851917/Until_We_Receive_Just_Treatment_The_Fight_Against_Conscription_at_the_Naas_Agency_and_British_Columbia_1917_1918">Until We Receive Just Treatment": The Fight Against Conscription at the Naas Agency and British Columbia, 1917-1918</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="210774118" href="https://independent.academia.edu/McGowanKatharine">Katharine McGowan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bc Studies the British Columbian Quarterly, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Port Simpson and the Nisga'a on the Naas River (present-day Nass River) sent identical petitions directly to Prime Minister Borden, leader of the opposition Wilfrid Laurier, and, for good measure, the Department of Indian Affairs (dia). Based on Native peoples' status as defined in the Indian Act, the two bands protested their inclusion in the Military Service Act. Individually, men in the two bands could apply for exemption from military duty as fishers, farmers, or workers in other essential industries, or if they had significant domestic responsibilities. They could not, however, apply for an exemption on the basis of being Native, and this the petitioners denounced as unjust. The Port Simpson and Nisga'a protesters decried the Military Service Act's inclusion of Native men because, as they put it: "at no time have our Indians had any say in the making of the laws of Canada." 1 In addition, the Nisga'a argued specifically that, as they were wards of the government, the "Department at Ottawa" was wrong in deciding that the Military Service Act applied "to the Indians in the same manner as it [did] to White people who [were] British subject[s]." If they were to be conscripted, the petitioners wanted some reciprocal move towards citizenship and away from Indian Act-based dependency, and they "beg[ged] the Government to open the Door for [them] to come forward and to fulfill [their] duty to [their] King and Country." 2 This article places these protests against conscription within the context of the prewar challenges that these communities presented to</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Until We Receive Just Treatment\": The Fight Against Conscription at the Naas Agency and British Columbia, 1917-1918","attachmentId":81029524,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71851917/Until_We_Receive_Just_Treatment_The_Fight_Against_Conscription_at_the_Naas_Agency_and_British_Columbia_1917_1918","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71851917/Until_We_Receive_Just_Treatment_The_Fight_Against_Conscription_at_the_Naas_Agency_and_British_Columbia_1917_1918"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":92546303,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":92546303,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_92546303" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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