CINXE.COM

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class="ds_title_table"> <h1 class="ds_title">Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF </h1> <div class="dsSprite_rnd ds_brand_logo ds_rnd_logo"></div> </div> <div class="product_meta"> <span class="category_number">Catalog #: AVI9049</span> <a href="/reviews/AVI9049" rel="nofollow"><span class="submit_review"><button class="btn btn-quaternary">Submit a Review</button></span></a> <span class="datasheet_link"> <a href="#product-datasheets">Datasheet / COA / SDS</a> </span> </div> <div class="product_info">Biotinylated</div>  <div class="product_wrapper row"> <div class="product_ordering_wrapper col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-push-4"> <div class="product_ordering"> <form action="/products/recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-his-tag-avi-tag-protein-cf_avi9049" method="post" id="atc-datasheet-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="atc_datasheet_block">     <table class="add_to_cart"> <thead> <tr> <th class="ds_catalog">Catalog #</th> <th class="ds_availability_column 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His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF" class="btn btn-secondary atc_hidden bulk_btn" style="display:none;" rel="nofollow" title="Competitive discounts on products purchased in bulk quantities">Bulk Orders</a> <button class="btn btn-primary atc_hidden atc_btn form-submit icon-before" style="display:none;" title="Enter quantities above and click to add to cart" type="submit" id="edit-add-to-cart" name="add_to_cart_btn" value="Add to Cart"><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true"></span> Add to Cart</button> </div> <div class="ds_atc_post_buttons"></div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-BAS6uMzeMcWdryzKTkIvGd0VyqNh3uMmPhUlxg2zi8o" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="atc_datasheet_form" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="product_image_wrapper col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-md-pull-8"> <div class="product_image"> <span class="product_image_label"> </span> <a class="ds-image overview-images" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images" onClick="event.preventDefault();" data-title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" data-footer="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" title="Cat. No. AVI9049 - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_2380.jpg"> <img fetchpriority="high" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_2380.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity"> </a> <div class="search_image_other_count"> <span class="search_more_images">4 Images</span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="extra_images overview-images" class="hidden"> <a class="ds-image" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images" data-footer="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" data-title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" title="Cat. No. AVI9049 - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF" onClick="event.preventDefault();" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_3022.jpg"> <img src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_3022.jpg" class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" alt="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry"> </a> <a class="ds-image" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images" data-footer="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" data-title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" title="Cat. No. AVI9049 - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF" onClick="event.preventDefault();" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_9982B7_2096.jpg"> <img src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_9982B7_2096.jpg" class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" alt="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE"> </a> <a class="ds-image" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images" data-footer="Binding of Human PD-1 to PD-L1/B7-H1 His Avi-tag Protein by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)." data-title="Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1" title="Cat. No. AVI9049 - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF" onClick="event.preventDefault();" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/avi9049_recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-his-tag-avi-tag-protein-cf-surface-plasmon-resonance-spr-36202415522.jpg"> <img src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/avi9049_recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-his-tag-avi-tag-protein-cf-surface-plasmon-resonance-spr-36202415522.jpg" class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" alt="Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1" title="Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="product_info_wrapper"> </div> <div id="view-more-target" class="datasheet_section_element"> <a href="/target/pd-l1-b7-h1?category=Proteins and Enzymes" class="btn btn-secondary">All PD-L1/B7-H1 Proteins and Enzymes</a> </div> </div> <div class="tabbed_content" id="rnd_protein"> <div id="ds_tabs" class="tab_menu"> <div class="tab tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="product-details" id="dsTabs_product-details"> <span>Product Details</span> </div> <div class="tab tab_4" data-tab="4" data-tabname="faqs" id="dsTabs_faqs"> <span>FAQs</span> </div> <div class="tab tab_5" data-tab="5" data-tabname="supplemental-products" id="dsTabs_supplemental-products"> <span>Supplemental Products</span> </div> <div class="tab tab_6" data-tab="6" data-tabname="product-reviews" id="dsTabs_product-reviews"> <span> Reviews </span> </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="product-details" id="product-details"> <div class="datasheet_section_element"> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_summary" id="product-anchor-ds_summary">Summary</a> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_datasheets" id="product-anchor-ds_datasheets">Product Datasheets</a> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_carrier_free" id="product-anchor-ds_carrier_free">Carrier Free</a> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_data_examples" id="product-anchor-ds_data_examples">Data Images</a> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_calculator" id="product-anchor-ds_calculator">Reconstitution Calculator</a> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_background" id="product-anchor-ds_background">Background</a> <a class="btn btn-quaternary scroll_to anchor-link" href="#ds_related_research_areas" id="product-anchor-ds_related_research_areas">Related Research Areas</a> </div> <div id="ds_summary" class="datasheet_section"> <h2>Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF Summary</h2> Learn more about <a href="/biotinylatedproteins">Avi-tag Biotinylated Proteins</a> <div class="what-statement-container"> </div> <div class="why-statement-container"> <h4 class="mt-3">Why choose R&D Systems Avi-tag PD-L1 Protein?</h4> <ul> <li><strong>Guaranteed Bioactivity and High Purity:</strong> Bioactivity tested by functional ELISA and purity determined by SDS-PAGE to be greater than 95%.</li> <li><strong>Lot-to-Lot Consistency:</strong> Stringent QC testing performed on each lot to ensure consistent activity and purity.</li> <li><strong>Bulk Quantities Available:</strong> Bulk up and save with large mass quantities to meet your research needs. Supply agreements available, partner with us. <a href="/services/bulk-quote-request"><strong>Please contact us.</strong></a></li> <li><strong>Most Respected, Most Cited Brand in Proteins:</strong> With over 35 years of providing the best recombinant proteins to the scientific community, R&D Systems continues to lead the industry in quality, activity, and purity.</li> </ul> <p>Find the Fc Chimera Avi-tag PD-L1 protein here <a href="https://www.rndsystems.com/products/recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-fc-chimera-avi-tag-protein-cf_avi156"><strong>Fc Chimera Avi-tag PD-L1 Protein</strong></a></p> <p> </p> </div> <h4 class="mt-3">Product Specifications</h4> <div class="ds_table summary_table"> <div class="ds_table_body"> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Purity</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Endotoxin Level</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data"><0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Activity</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class="NoLineLink" href="http://www.rndsystems.com/product_results.aspx?k=1086-PD">1086-PD</a>) is immobilized at 2 µg/mL (100 µL/well), Biotinylated Recombinant Human PD-L1 His-tag Avi-tag protein binds with an ED<sub>50</sub> of 2-12 μg/mL.</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Source</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein<br /><table><tbody><tr><td align="center" class="TableText7" style="border: 1pt solid black; border-image: none; width: 192px;">Human B7-H1<br>(Phe19-Thr239)<br>Accession # Q9NZQ7</td><td align="center" class="TableText7" style="border: 1pt solid black; border-image: none; width: 192px;">HHHHHH</td><td align="center" class="TableText7" style="border: 1pt solid black; border-image: none; width: 192px;">Avi-tag<br></td></tr><tr><td align="left" class="TableText7" style="width: 192px; border-left-color: black; border-left-width: 0pt; border-left-style: solid;">N-terminus</td><td align="left" class="TableText7" style="width: 192px; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 0pt; border-right-style: solid;"></td><td align="right" class="TableText7" style="width: 192px; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 0pt; border-right-style: solid;">C-terminus </td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Accession #</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/Q9NZQ7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer nofollow">Q9NZQ7</a></div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">N-terminal Sequence<br />Analysis</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">Phe19</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Structure / Form</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">Biotinylated via Avi-tag</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">Predicted Molecular Mass</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">28 kDa</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_name">SDS-PAGE</div> <div class="ds_table_cell summary_table_data">35-41 kDa, reducing conditions</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="customer_also_purchased_block" class="loader" data-catalogId="AVI9049"></div> <div class="datasheet_section" id="product-datasheets"> <h2 id="ds_datasheets">Product Datasheets</h2> <div class="product_datasheets"> <span class="sds-message hide"> <p class="sds-label">You must select a language.</p> <span class="close_sds_message">x</span> </span> <h2>AVI9049 </h2> <div class="ds_document"> <a id="cfpdf" href="//resources.rndsystems.com/pdfs/datasheets/avi9049.pdf?v=20241122" class="datasheets-link " target="_blank" rel="noreferrer nofollow">Product Datasheet</a> </div> <div class="ds_document"> <div class="ds_pdfData"><a class="datasheets-link" href="https://www.rndsystems.com/cofas/recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-his-tag-avi-tag-protein-cf_avi9049">COA</a> </div> </div> <div class="ds_document sds_link"> <a class="sds_non_cf datasheets-link non_cf_download_link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-path="//aero.bio-techne.com/sds/pdf/avi9049?v=20241122">SDS</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ds_carrier_free" class="datasheet_section"> <h2>Carrier Free</h2> <div class="highlight">What does CF mean?</div> <p>CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA. </p> <div class="highlight">What formulation is right for me?</div> <p>In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere. </p> <div class="cf_tables row"> <div class="cf_table_1 col-xs-12"> <h4 class="cf_table_name">AVI9049</h4> <table class="ds_table_html carrier_free_table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="cf_key_name">Formulation</td> <td>Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cf_key_name">Reconstitution</td> <td>Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cf_key_name">Shipping</td> <td>The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cf_key_name">Stability & Storage:</td> <td><b>Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.</b><UL><LI>12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.</LI><LI>1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.</LI><LI>3 months, ≤ -20 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.</LI></UL></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ds_scientific_data" class="datasheet_section"> <div id="ds_data_examples"> <h2>Scientific Data</h2> <div id="data_examples"> <div class="row data_ex_row"> <a id="ds_image_0" class="pageAnchor"></a> <div class="data_ex_image_wrapper col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-md-4"> <div class="data_ex_image"> <span class="data_ex_image_label"> Binding Activity </span> <a class="ds-image overview-images data_ex_image_link" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images-0" data-title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" data-footer="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" title="Cat. No. - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_2380.jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_2380.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity" title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity"> <span class="data_ex_image_larger">View Larger</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="data_ex_description col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8"> <p> When Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class="NoLineLink" href="https://www.rndsystems.com/products/recombinant-human-pd-1-fc-chimera-protein-cf_1086-pd">1086-PD</a>) is immobilized at 2 µg/mL, Biotinylated Recombinant Human PD-L1 His-tag Avi-tag protein binds with an ED<sub>50</sub> of 2-12 µg/mL. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row data_ex_row"> <a id="ds_image_1" class="pageAnchor"></a> <div class="data_ex_image_wrapper col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-md-4"> <div class="data_ex_image"> <span class="data_ex_image_label"> Flow Cytometry </span> <a class="ds-image overview-images data_ex_image_link" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images-1" data-title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" data-footer="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" title="Cat. No. - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_3022.jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_AVI9049_3022.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry" title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein Flow Cytometry"> <span class="data_ex_image_larger">View Larger</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="data_ex_description col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8"> <p> In a functional flow cytometry test, (A) Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein (Catalog # AVI9049) binds to HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line transfected with recombinant human PD-1 and EGFP. Ligand binding was detected by staining cells with APC-conjugated Streptavidin (Catalog # <a class="NoLineLink" href="https://www.rndsystems.com/products/streptavidin-allophycocyanin_f0050">F0050</a>), which does not stain the cells in the absence of recombinant protein (B). </p> </div> </div> <div class="row data_ex_row"> <a id="ds_image_2" class="pageAnchor"></a> <div class="data_ex_image_wrapper col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-md-4"> <div class="data_ex_image"> <span class="data_ex_image_label"> SDS-PAGE </span> <a class="ds-image overview-images data_ex_image_link" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images-2" data-title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" data-footer="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" title="Cat. No. - Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_9982B7_2096.jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/protein/PDL1_9982B7_2096.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE" title="Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein SDS-PAGE"> <span class="data_ex_image_larger">View Larger</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="data_ex_description col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8"> <p> 2 μg/lane of Biotinylated Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His Tag Avi Tag was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 35-41 kDa. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row data_ex_row"> <a id="ds_image_3" class="pageAnchor"></a> <div class="data_ex_image_wrapper col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-md-4"> <div class="data_ex_image"> <span class="data_ex_image_label"> Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) </span> <a class="ds-image overview-images data_ex_image_link" data-toggle="lightbox" data-gallery="overview-images-3" data-title="Binding of Human PD-1 to PD-L1/B7-H1 His Avi-tag Protein by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)." data-footer="Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1" title="Cat. No. - Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1" href="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/avi9049_recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-his-tag-avi-tag-protein-cf-surface-plasmon-resonance-spr-36202415522.jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/datasheets/avi9049_recombinant-human-pd-l1-b7-h1-his-tag-avi-tag-protein-cf-surface-plasmon-resonance-spr-36202415522.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1" title="Surface plasmon resonance sensorgram of Avi-tag biotinylated human PD-L1/B7-H1 protein binding to human PD-1"> <span class="data_ex_image_larger">View Larger</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="data_ex_description col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8"> <p> Avi-tag Biotinylated Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His protein (Catalog # AVI9049) was immobilized on a Biacore Sensor Chip CM5 via the Avi-tag biotin, and binding to Recombinant Human PD-1 His protein (<a class="NoLineLink" href="https://www.rndsystems.com/products/recombinant-human-pd-1-his-tagged-protein-cf_8986-pd">8986-PD</a>) was measured at a concentration range between 3.2 nM and 13.2 µM. The double-referenced sensorgram was fit to a 1:1 binding model to determine the binding kinetics and affinity, with an affinity constant of KD=1.122 µM. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ds_calculator" class="datasheet_section"> <div id="btn_calculator_wrapper"><div class="datasheet_calculator_toggle btn btn-secondary" id="btn_reconstitution">Reconstitution Calculator</div></div><div id="datasheet_calculators"><div id="btn_reconstitution_calc" class="datasheet_calculator"><h2>Reconstitution Calculator</h2><div id="reconstitution_calculator" class="calculator"> <form id="recCalc"> <div class="reconstitution_calculator_text" id="reconstitution_calculator_instructions"> <p>The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.</p> </div> <div class="calc_section"> <label for="reconstitution_calculator_volume" class="calculator_label">Volume (to add to vial)</label> <input id="reconstitution_calculator_volume" name="reconstitution_calculator_volume" type="text" maxlength="16" placeholder="volume" class="calculator_input calculator_text"/> <span class="select_wrapper"> <select id="reconstitution_calculator_volume_unit" class="calculator_input calculator_select"> <option value="ml">ml</option> <option value="ul" selected="selected">ul</option> </select> </span> </div> <span class="calculator_equals calculator_operator">=</span> <div class="calc_section"> <label for="reconstitution_calculator_mass" class="calculator_label">Mass (in vial)</label> <input id="reconstitution_calculator_mass" name="reconstitution_calculator_mass" type="text" maxlength="16" placeholder="mass" class="calculator_input calculator_text"/> <span class="select_wrapper"> <select id="reconstitution_calculator_mass_unit" class="calculator_input calculator_select"> <option value="mg">mg</option> <option value="ug" selected="selected">ug</option> <option value="ng">ng</option> </select> </span> </div> <span class="calculator_divide calculator_operator">÷</span> <div class="calc_section"> <label for="reconstitution_calculator_concentration" class="calculator_label">Desired Reconstitution Concentration</label> <input id="reconstitution_calculator_concentration" name="reconstitution_calculator_concentration" type="text" maxlength="16" placeholder="conc." class="calculator_input calculator_text"/> <span class="select_wrapper"> <select id="reconstitution_calculator_concentration_unit" class="calculator_input calculator_select"> <option value="mg/ml">mg/ml</option> <option value="ug/ml" selected="selected">ug/ml</option> <option value="ng/ml">ng/ml</option> </select> </span> </div> <div id="reconstitution_foot" class="calc_section"> <input type="submit" value="Calculate" id="button_reconstitution_calculator_calculate" class="calculator_button btn btn-secondary"/> </div> </form> </div> </div></div> </div> <div id="ds_background" class="datasheet_section"> <h2>Background: PD-L1/B7-H1</h2> <p>B7-H1, also known as PD-L1 and CD274, is an approximately 65-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the B7 family of immune regulatory molecules (1). Mature human B7-H1 consists of a 220 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with two immunoglobulin-like domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 31 aa cytoplasmic domain (2). Within the ECD, human B7-H1 shares 73% and 74% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat B7-H1, respectively. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms that either lack the first Ig-like domain or are truncated within the second Ig-like domain (3). B7-H1 is expressed on inflammatory-activated immune cells including macrophages, T cells, and B cells (4-7), keratinocytes (8, 9), endothelial and intestinal epithelial cells (8, 10), as well as a variety of carcinomas and melanoma (11, 12). B7-H1 binds to T cell B7-1/CD80 and PD-1 (7, 8, 12-15). It suppresses T cell activation and proliferation (5, 8, 14, 16) and induces the apoptosis of activated T cells (11). It plays a role in the development of immune tolerance by promoting T cell anergy (7, 14) and enhancing regulatory T cell development (16). B7-H1 favors the development of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-22 producing dendritic cells (5, 10) and inhibits the development of Th17 cells (16). In cancer, B7-H1 provides resistance to T cell mediated lysis, enhances EMT, and enhances the tumorigenic function of Th22 cells (6, 9, 12, 15).</p> <div class="ds_table background_table"> <div class="ds_table_body"> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_name"><a id="reftop"></a>References</div> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_data"><ol><li>Ceeraz, S. <em>et al</em>. (2013) Trends Immunol. <strong>34</strong>:556.</li><li>Dong, H. <em>et al</em>. (1999) Nat. Med. <strong>5</strong>:1365.</li><li>Frigola, X. <em>et al</em>. (2011) Clin. Cancer Res. <strong>17</strong>:1915.</li><li>Tamura, H. <em>et al</em>. (2001) Blood <strong>97</strong>:1809.</li><li>Chen, L. <em>et al</em>. (2007) J. Immunol. <strong>178</strong>:6634.</li><li>Kuang, D.-M. <em>et al</em>. (2014) J. Clin. Invest. <strong>124</strong>:4657.</li><li>Tsushima, F. <em>et al</em>. (2007) Blood <strong>110</strong>:180.</li><li>Mazanet, M.M. and C.C.W. Hughes (2002) J. Immunol. <strong>169</strong>:3581.</li><li>Cao, Y. <em>et al</em>. (2010) Cancer Res. <strong>71</strong>:1235.</li><li>Scandiuzzi, L. <em>et al</em>. (2014) Cell Rep. <strong>6</strong>:625.</li><li>Dong, H. <em>et al</em>. (2002) Nat. Med. <strong>8</strong>:793.</li><li>Azuma, T. <em>et al</em>. (2008) Blood <strong>111</strong>:3635.</li><li>Butte, M.J. <em>et al</em>. (2008) Mol. Immunol. <strong>45</strong>:3567.</li><li>Park, J.-J. <em>et al</em>. (2010) Blood <strong>116</strong>:1291.</li><li>Ritprajak, P. <em>et al</em>. (2010) J. Immunol. <strong>184</strong>:4918.</li><li>Herold, M. <em>et al</em>. (2015) J. Immunol. <strong>195</strong>:3584.</li></ol></div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_name">Long Name</div> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_data">Programmed Death Ligand 1</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_name">Entrez Gene IDs</div> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_data">29126 (Human); 60533 (Mouse); 499342 (Rat); 574058 (Porcine); 484186 (Canine); 102145573 (Cynomolgus Monkey)</div> </div> <div class="ds_table_row"> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_name">Alternate Names</div> <div class="ds_table_cell background_table_data">Avelumab; B7-H; B7H1; B7-H1; B7H1PDCD1L1; CD274 antigenMGC142294; CD274 molecule; CD274; PDCD1L1; PDCD1LG1; PDCD1LG1MGC142296; PDL1; PD-L1; PD-L1B7 homolog 1; PDL1PDCD1 ligand 1; programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Programmed death ligand 1</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ds_related_research_areas" class="datasheet_section"> <h2>Related Research Areas</h2> <ul class="ds_details"> <li> <a href="/research-area/co--stimulatory-and-co--inhibitory-molecules">Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-area/co--stimulatory-molecules-associated-with-tfh-cells">Co-stimulatory Molecules Associated with Tfh Cells</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-area/epithelial-cell-markers-and-intracellular-molecules">Epithelial Cell Markers and Intracellular Molecules</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-area/myeloid--derived-suppressor-cells--mdsc">Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-area/regulatory-t-cells--tregs">Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-area/search-immune-checkpoint-targets">Search Immune Checkpoint Targets</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-area/surface-ectodermal-cells">Surface Ectodermal Cells</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_4" data-tab="4" data-tabname="product-faqs" id="product-faqs"> <h2>FAQs</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p>No product specific FAQs exist for this product, however you may</p> <a class="btn btn-quinary view_all_faqs_btn" href="/resources/faqs/proteins-and-enzymes"> View all Proteins and Enzyme FAQs </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_5" data-tab="5" data-tabname="product-supplemental" id="supplemental-products"> <div id="supplemental-products-tab-content-placeholder" class="tab-content-placeholder" data-id="supplemental-products" data-catalog_number="avi9049" data-language="en"> <div class="et_spinner_small"></div> Loading... </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_6" data-tab="6" data-tabname="product-reviews" id="reviews"> <h3>Reviews for Recombinant Human PD-L1/B7-H1 His-tag Avi-tag Protein, CF</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <p>There are currently no reviews for this product. 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