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class="columns small-12 large-8"> <h1 class="page-title">Infections</h1> <h2><b>What causes </b><b>infections </b><b>or </b><b>infectious diseases</b><b>?</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Infections or infectious diseases</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> occur when harmful viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms (such as fungi. parasites and prions) enter the body. They multiply and in some people, cause disease.聽聽</span></p> <h2><b>How are they passed on</b><b>?</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Infection </span><span style="font-weight: 400">can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact, or vectors. Direct contact includes through body waste products such as mucus or pus from open sores, ulcers, or wounds. Indirect contact could occur through contact with objects such as bed linens, bedpans, or drinking glasses. Vectors are flies, mosquitoes, or other insects capable of spreading the infectious agent.</span></p> <h2><b>How are infections diagnosed?</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Many</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> infections</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> are diagnosed clinically, but sometimes the cause of the </span><span style="font-weight: 400">infection </span><span style="font-weight: 400">is identified by laboratory tests on聽 samples taken from people.聽</span></p> <h2><b>What </b><b>types of infectious diseases are there?</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Infectious diseases</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> can be </span><span style="font-weight: 400">viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infection</span><span style="font-weight: 400">s. A few examples of</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> viral infections </span><span style="font-weight: 400">include Flu (influenza),聽 COVID-19 and measles.聽 A few examples of </span><span style="font-weight: 400">bacterial infections</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> include strep throat, tuberculosis, UTIs and salmonella. Examples of</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> fungal infections </span><span style="font-weight: 400">include Athlete鈥檚 foot, vaginal yeast infection and thrush.</span></p> <h2><b>Why do we need research into </b><b>infection and infectious disease</b><b>?</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Research addresses </span><span style="font-weight: 400">infection prevention and control</span><span style="font-weight: 400">, and </span><span style="font-weight: 400">treatment</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> options. It improves our understanding of how to </span><span style="font-weight: 400">manage infections in hospitals</span><span style="font-weight: 400">. Continuing </span><span style="font-weight: 400">research into</span><span style="font-weight: 400">聽will enable us to better understand, prevent, control and</span><span style="font-weight: 400"> manage infection</span><span style="font-weight: 400">s.聽</span></p> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections"><span style="font-weight: 400">You can learn more about some of the findings from NIHR-funded </span><span style="font-weight: 400">research below.</span></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="guten-block block-latest-grid"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-12"> <div class="card-container"> <div class="card"> <figure> <img src="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Amoxicillin-is-effective-for-many-people-hospitalised-with-pneumonia-2404_1511-2.jpg" alt="Nurse adjusting patient's IV drip." /> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 class="title"><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/amoxicillin-is-effective-for-many-people-hospitalised-with-pneumonia/">Amoxicillin is effective for many people hospitalised with pneumonia</a></h4> <div class="meta-info"> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections" title="Infections" aria-label="Infections">Infections</a> <span class="splitter">|</span> <span aria-label="22nd November 2024" title="22nd November 2024">22.11.24</a></p> <a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_articletype=alert"><span class="label type-alert">Alert</span></a> <span class="reading-time" aria-label="Estimated reading time of this article">4 mins</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <figure> <img src="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/How-much-does-long-COVID-cost-individuals-informal-carers-and-society-2312_1341-6.jpg" alt="Woman rubbing eyes at desk." /> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 class="title"><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/how-much-does-long-covid-cost-individuals-informal-carers-and-society/">How much does long COVID cost individuals, informal carers, and society?</a></h4> <div class="meta-info"> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections" title="Infections" aria-label="Infections">Infections</a> <span class="splitter">|</span> <span aria-label="28th August 2024" title="28th August 2024">28.08.24</a></p> <a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_articletype=alert"><span class="label type-alert">Alert</span></a> <span class="reading-time" aria-label="Estimated reading time of this article">5 mins</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <figure> <img src="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Young-people-with-long-COVID-need-support-when-they-attempt-to-go-back-to-school-2309_1196.jpg" alt="Student concentrating in classroom." /> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 class="title"><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/young-people-with-long-covid-need-support-when-they-attempt-to-go-back-to-school/">Young people with long COVID need support when they attempt to go back to school</a></h4> <div class="meta-info"> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections" title="Infections" aria-label="Infections">Infections</a> <span class="splitter">|</span> <span aria-label="15th August 2024" title="15th August 2024">15.08.24</a></p> <a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_articletype=alert"><span class="label type-alert">Alert</span></a> <span class="reading-time" aria-label="Estimated reading time of this article">7 mins</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <figure> <img src="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Vaccines-reduce-the-risk-of-long-COVID-2312_1346.jpg.jpg" alt="Person receiving a vaccine injection." /> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 class="title"><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/vaccines-reduce-the-risk-of-long-covid/">Vaccines reduce the risk of long COVID</a></h4> <div class="meta-info"> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections" title="Infections" aria-label="Infections">Infections</a> <span class="splitter">|</span> <span aria-label="24th July 2024" title="24th July 2024">24.07.24</a></p> <a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_articletype=alert"><span class="label type-alert">Alert</span></a> <span class="reading-time" aria-label="Estimated reading time of this article">5 mins</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <figure> <img src="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/New-biological-treatments-for-lupus-do-not-increase-the-risk-of-serious-infections-2305_1086.jpg.jpg" alt="Woman coughing while holding mug." /> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 class="title"><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/new-biological-treatments-for-lupus-do-not-increase-the-risk-of-serious-infections/">New biological treatments for lupus do not increase the risk of serious infections</a></h4> <div class="meta-info"> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections" title="Infections" aria-label="Infections">Infections</a> <span class="splitter">|</span> <span aria-label="6th December 2023" title="6th December 2023">06.12.23</a></p> <a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_articletype=alert"><span class="label type-alert">Alert</span></a> <span class="reading-time" aria-label="Estimated reading time of this article">5 mins</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <figure> <img src="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Antibiotics-make-little-difference-to-childrens-chest-infections-2306_1109.jpg.jpg" alt="Child having temperature checked." /> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 class="title"><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/antibiotics-make-little-difference-to-childrens-chest-infections/">Antibiotics make little difference to children鈥檚 chest infections</a></h4> <div class="meta-info"> <p><a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections" title="Infections" aria-label="Infections">Infections</a> <span class="splitter">|</span> <span aria-label="27th November 2023" title="27th November 2023">27.11.23</a></p> <a href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/browse-content/?_sft_articletype=alert"><span class="label type-alert">Alert</span></a> <span class="reading-time" aria-label="Estimated reading time of this article">6 mins</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-12"> <a class="cta cta-view-all" href="/browse-content/?_sft_nihrcategory=infections">View all Infections articles</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns 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