CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91348d20efb1f93a',cH: 'Yur9KTLSIKfzxqPjmZQYI7rTpw.Flu3BSEcxnfUlt7g-1739782451-1.2.1.1-YAe28clDfGKZ8tgurMfXjPXMLhfhiyPiGMWtugR4LHfN.IZ1mGYKTGkYcbzDVzUj',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=PfkB&__cf_chl_tk=oSQ5TDt9iGS7FKJJwztZwHAj4HqK1GWHOHV1m9WEpQE-1739782451-1.0.1.1-5RJ0JRo7YHDeBwBwWtmJAV553xIBNzmfi3s_8G2scPs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782451',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=PfkB&__cf_chl_f_tk=oSQ5TDt9iGS7FKJJwztZwHAj4HqK1GWHOHV1m9WEpQE-1739782451-1.0.1.1-5RJ0JRo7YHDeBwBwWtmJAV553xIBNzmfi3s_8G2scPs",md: "7bwcJvB7agJ32e1hMnaqTyuxYj5btCKZPMgtIS3tSBw-1739782451-1.2.1.1-hdwKiH9VlAObPWOUR3ksaZKtidvhhKk_NykwczO66JcS14P2PwIzuCjm2Iii2TovQofgsTXXcnQCvkkZQJAtfrRd6p._3LW5SVhBwAuItT4_Vy3CSBA28uEDgWczMWFy9IRhWENB838VYgktCih9fd7dSZ5Qipp7Wnz0K35An15PY2GcT3T5ADVNGiQLNK.gJomnzhZ824a2c9kwPxp4nYVVHCujfyKiS1OD.zScKtyGmTwGOfOq9pvA6B72nDdjNpa.VLre3meX5_wAaUmBMkkUyFf.KNi9JNzVopORrMC3kdVn2HghxtaFOKwawhkzyp76B36g.xQ5GN7CJwtwXZnXiI0jdCyQ.iag766z_Hdq4lM14phLMN.9oo4q0LfupnN2Ndbx0eqaMIlYsT4VU82vRs_TOlXxsnFjFp7.MMe8ljxWac.IldA3U8XP6VUEQRo.e_DD76rheLm4JoLh2Re2gX0CNvG.mht1gVVIkowv.6zQPVmNooRp7uitlJHg_xvjePRljD75hfbCZ8lpQ7sXggZIukpZ8.TNWdUlbQGrdxSMc1VUyl8RGrfXb6ioiXup_NCTWpN1XVfhzcxOrNuFvdcmnn8xUVfUhX6djAXtt9298oEq2l7frArc7T880mTdWZrDCKJPqsS1PfVrJOzsZs6x6ZxxU5I.lc.bgq7IPpT9Vg8UWz_blj2omvfUY8zzCoyBKaFkRWWn7OUTBsI0rTP2m8yS_yQTPkXOUBbEEn9RcyTFzahQOdo9GdKgSox8yX2IXY9QPp6n9VFuiPkHEOKNee6ap2p.FiDr1eC4BeK9_lHzYPez9YDI5XtsfU6YPV6WimEe6f7SU4kd5zPvAleAck_H2xfEiLKsiq_fKBvIuOLJQxeU.vORT2zXp1f28J3UoXGtFkILCsG76zEJwARLAhTRR9oewU5bxCNIUXx25IxuFJSXEjNsvLDMN.N9njDq1_cKKees84BGaRqLhvHFdG1TQAiFreNT.CzcDQaUuVsyVtJaATFGN5w794BiksQiK9vzF6Nn7f4q9EAC5TBWFiQjndy_gPPcR95Mmn31VBc9rS9NhPxbAmrW.7RAAL_0idpLa7mAwhIldyuw_PUDoLwR7yi_3y5yrnlqbtU5k48WJ1HySyfYsFRuVoYSMtVOf2ozsZ86T74uasdaGIsPij.jaeSw4Zc3l1tKvAizDOkPU0HDyBGUxF6NH.59qqG_0mcoAledQPPVdnnpCuOm65bsVGmqMN5YM7UZg7Gx4kgrxB7FU.AnBWrXEnmPLEGks41lxqc3Iy1EJ64YXretldUzwg_qedQrEZT3jSHYhkg3gm1WmKBXhEjvnBQFo_Zu0ccQrdJJv5JdPkrzCr_tOfq0vG3jIiIU46XTC7s7rnq8zZB6GU0mMeaxQxRUUMO_Pq_BbhhiL.QttXWeO7P.WZG9wPHmgddy7Hq9QZYEdzSRG1SpNRBAsMHyBvXHS7i_haxwqOxCu5K2b2K5w_lY2WiKrBK6sbhoPiQH0q0SE98jyG3itkB1YdOYm7RO4rjv1yY_avClpEhDd9j4cxNvvc2qCcMC3YCjiz2wklJmgUV1.n6GZS50IujeeOKq.GKWNGBbtmWZEZLD.dqIXdAFKLCLiFshr.9REL37EEt3Mhy8SfPYE0MnPAwWDG1UJp6_Uvf2zjyS6uKFzZmcmkcw0D7HkB6CEeoBfLIN8hsQ6yV6czGqsq9FwunafGJCFDnQTvujl1nNLRfGfcN6SrfvNwBBgrqIrxKJEqxnKshvqAfKSTJ.5G8LpuXE0dx6hvvQQyNmT61M3AU39_hisEdSZEtAxpNV3jkRHn4g_YW48nRSvWKK9IS6HCGFPZGvOREWzEPEBWHwV6Z54Rm_TrcEjFpgeUGYPLqYHqvDDgeNRIDH7fn28UuO81Xf",mdrd: "Ak6fSVkAYaFIBmzq0rptPhfh6sophu9oe0LkROOyFWI-1739782451-1.2.1.1-Ip83ERAaPKrQJZw7Lt9dV8HDQ_32yzOyis9MKa9W_K.R9KbYjD8BHDfuCAmVtw._heB7FQwJk9j_x1sdGMt28VD4ljEy1Cj2GOC.9wJJtjzj.KK3Ylgik9xULkS8kanybhtu3GZf.bgyP3oVb64BuV8zbFA99.GIfhNyPoIjJx0yJ3GUGmqEr4U9gBdFpg24U5yP24MWjmCJcpMqW0JJOjeGCcxqZ_UUYq.fZL3NQophmvJFRyDtMEAl6IpN5vLBw3YONyrutC8oCM0_WWY55plbQGmaODtl5RoYMfdUS.32F2k.xJaK_swfLGon.hkeNoCxIMsVd2bkh.5yzg300TAnW9vSF_OUYg9wFekg4HPIzLeMkCSVB0ohnTnvDQimR.dM6aQ19p5NdZqMOTrE7wvJQVG49CMiN.ZN6kiwOEC_nofaf7kL__UOJinrLSwZE3T8.2zbVb84NqdllNHVb9zeBleiZ17zd.3zE9rjNIiPdJBrRMcN5o6553Yej2tQRcbqi.ceI19py8E97Z16Yt0scsMrJSugyPH2B8yqSGrx3OOSLngKFN910FGdZmMu4bSYNSZOwONBEucSXIJejsC95d9Z6_Ek5dFeaHpFm2orThSIArH9SdI1W4OokZPl82tHCEH5PmlatRlpdp4BjKd7_2UO.SCvws9hqjO9ZlIrPYEI90OanEqQDTiBel205hTCerLt5FeVbLxeBx0a5_g9lW2Fhwqvlav3zT7oU8cM_rli_R.qyUM7ZhJ10_4lOz0kkmaFwZIWJYpDMnx59.d2ZQ2DXgXVnREHuFf9t3dtD2rEWId9sCBVbIhAm7XUB6GCkdA3v.7j0hYEQZpMNOFMqglVHBLV_h6MTS.s.hhW6m0KirbwXvQZzTEUPoE37Zsxhj1xXRyeq_fHVO1E5RbnIE0F8XtARcXp7LMpDJ5O93B.91RyNtZOWn5bPerzOlFKVjdWHNgdt.cwM.n43qVjO6K5dYI.A4ZF_LDoymvxoz2OXpGjIMYoraIFhXASeqSdpeXDtO7G6dJ9HQUNW6oMqBTQLoMPrwaIrXd86y6lYT_NwXv4ExBhW9Sl2oT5BJTxcj28LB_kmhzZINH2mMehR7xrGvpyfGofX74XbMOQJ26urTUbBxdVqrWA8ukbSuQUar0DV5rWpHfmWasvVFjnMpT3S_.8V4bYGR01l8QX9MNApVSuvQFwFDqjmjWS0KuK0Be1iFnPmAbN339jjAG5PAxVlgCvEETT8h9Yl4XfyQTjWoiyHNvZhauXQ_CKQfTSNbA6oDUCYDZM6j6tX2ozvE10ksuPwVYjj2LA.3yIVr7D6zcHOhPzfhynN5YTGaUpT0LQGUtMXqOnnNlld4y4k.sLhG5yZVwtmXUCFubEEoOevQSpQD.FmCuehThzE83YcEi_g9xGIokri3eJO5PTNDsRokO9gxe8fzKN7H5AvPsLwEmtHzf.Io2DW4iOdLT357CRT19422xgLLaEbNLS_odJY447QX72lLNGhQCsxul3zRX3p9e3O5HKPWWuwOPmftiR40qdKUywto67ufxboomMTOmzSBgctjHTPWdGkfLl4FehaxouGWHYdBfU5nSYIxu27MMNUPe5NmZrMpoWiXWKb9kGyCRnnPsQSHFcu_ntPFQvfuIzKaW35LTKDuni8YyTrkbNC4DTqBeOS6.jeK00lJkR5nuV9hngu5kAG0NiWwQnE_Q3M0h3yltqIHsKZTl4ZNZTP6K9oMsL5bIBZ0ktN2JYqmKd5YJHNKKA0jJtNix99xqI04dtN6xOGfR6MMTN0pMsPkn8R0_tJDYF3if0NkDNOG1YrNMWD6LJGUON3on5Mu4rlfxauoJNzdZ9v5abzGrFo9geJ7Tmn8zI4hNFHNrYlQvfVHi1RxHdmAj6bDYQcjq9TxxrQ798bCHVa6iRBGt_DwFhjmbfeBkUvXSTe5QRNkjZ0AVMnn74u2vM3iw5rDDHew7OgjLT"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91348d20efb1f93a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=PfkB&__cf_chl_rt_tk=oSQ5TDt9iGS7FKJJwztZwHAj4HqK1GWHOHV1m9WEpQE-1739782451-1.0.1.1-5RJ0JRo7YHDeBwBwWtmJAV553xIBNzmfi3s_8G2scPs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>