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<li id="toc-Size_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Size variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Coat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clips_and_grooming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clips_and_grooming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Clips and grooming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clips_and_grooming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Colours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Temperament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_and_sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_and_sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Work and sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_and_sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poodle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_(%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8)" title="بطباط (كلب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطباط (كلب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniche" title="Caniche – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caniche" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Пудзелі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пудзелі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Пудел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пудел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniche" title="Caniche – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caniche" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пудель – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пудель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudl" title="Pudl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pudl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwdl" title="Pwdl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwdl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddel" title="Puddel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Puddel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%82" title="Κανίς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κανίς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniche" title="Caniche – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caniche" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudelo" title="Pudelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pudelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84" title="پودل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پودل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniche" title="Caniche – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caniche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BAdal" title="Púdal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Púdal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniche" title="Caniche – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caniche" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EB%93%A4" title="푸들 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="푸들" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Պուդել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պուդել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudelo" title="Pudelo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pudelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbone_(razza_canina)" title="Barbone (razza canina) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barbone (razza canina)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C" title="פודל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פודל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პუდელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პუდელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klat%C3%B4k" title="Klatôk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Klatôk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudelis" title="Pudelis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pudelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uszk%C3%A1r" title="Uszkár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uszkár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Пудла – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пудла" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_poedel" title="Franse poedel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Franse poedel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB" title="プードル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プードル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddel" title="Puddel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Puddel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%88%D9%84" title="پوڈل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوڈل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel_du%C5%BCy" title="Pudel duży – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pudel duży" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poodle" title="Poodle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poodle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пудель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пудель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poodle" title="Poodle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Poodle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Пудла – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пудла" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudl" title="Pudl – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pudl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villakoira" title="Villakoira – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Villakoira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="พูเดิล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พูเดิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9hpe%27%C3%A9oe%C5%A1k%C3%ABso" title="Péhpe'éoeškëso – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Péhpe'éoeškëso" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kani%C5%9F" title="Kaniş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaniş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пудель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пудель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3_s%C4%83n_v%E1%BB%8Bt" title="Chó săn vịt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chó săn vịt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniche_(tch%C3%A9n)" title="Caniche (tchén) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Caniche (tchén)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E5%A9%A6%E7%8B%97" title="貴婦狗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貴婦狗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%AE%BE%E7%8A%AC" title="贵宾犬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贵宾犬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudel" title="Pudel – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pudel" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the dog breed. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Poodle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Poodle (disambiguation)">Poodle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Caniche" redirects here. For the archaeological site in Peru, see <a href="/wiki/Kanichi,_Peru" title="Kanichi, Peru">Kanichi, Peru</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Poodle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_attention_(8067543690).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black poodle with curly hair and a raised tail looks at the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Full_attention_%288067543690%29.jpg/220px-Full_attention_%288067543690%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Full_attention_%288067543690%29.jpg/330px-Full_attention_%288067543690%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Full_attention_%288067543690%29.jpg/440px-Full_attention_%288067543690%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Pudel</i></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Caniche</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> or <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <small>(see <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">history</a>)</small></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Standard: 45–62 cm (18–24 in)</li><li>Medium: 35–45 cm (14–18 in)</li><li>Miniature: 28–35 cm (11–14 in)</li><li>Toy: 24–28 cm (9.4–11.0 in)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Standard: 20–32 kg (44–71 lb)</li><li>Medium: 9–13 kg (20–29 lb)</li><li>Miniature: 4.5–7 kg (9.9–15.4 lb)</li><li>Toy: 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> Curly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> White, fawn, brown, grey, black, brindle, black&fawn, brown&fawn, bicolor and tricolor</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Centrale_Canine" title="Société Centrale Canine">Société Centrale Canine</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centrale-canine.fr/le-chien-de-race/caniche">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Kennel_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Kennel Club">The Royal Kennel Club</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/breed-standards/utility/poodle-standard/">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/172g09-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Poodle</b>, called the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pudel</i></span> in German (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈpuːdl̩]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d8\/De-Pudel.ogg\/De-Pudel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Pudel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/De-Pudel.ogg/De-Pudel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Pudel.ogg" title="File:De-Pudel.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Caniche</i></span> in French, is a <a href="/wiki/Dog_breed" title="Dog breed">breed</a> of <a href="/wiki/Water_dog" title="Water dog">water dog</a>. The breed is divided into four varieties based on size, the <b>Standard Poodle</b>, <b>Medium Poodle</b>, <b>Miniature Poodle</b> and <b>Toy Poodle</b>, although the Medium Poodle is not universally recognised. They have a distinctive thick, curly coat that comes in many colors and patterns, with only solid colors recognized by breed registries. Poodles are active and intelligent, and are particularly able to learn from humans. Poodles tend to live 10–18 years, with smaller varieties tending to live longer than larger ones. </p><p>The Poodle likely originated in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a> (FCI, International Canine Federation) and a minority of <a href="/wiki/Cynology" title="Cynology">cynologists</a> believe it originated in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Similar dogs date back to at least the 17th century. Larger Poodles were originally used by <a href="/wiki/Wildfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildfowl">wildfowl</a> hunters to retrieve game from water, while smaller varieties were once commonly used as circus performers. Poodles were recognized by both the <a href="/wiki/Kennel_Club_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennel Club of the United Kingdom">Kennel Club of the United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> (AKC) soon after the clubs' founding. Since the mid-20th century, Poodles have enjoyed enormous popularity as pets and <a href="/wiki/Dog_show" title="Dog show">show dogs</a> – Poodles were the AKC's most registered breed from 1960 to 1982, and are now the FCI's third most registered breed. Poodles are also common at dog shows, where they often sport the popularly recognized Continental clip, with face and rear clipped close, and tufts of hair on the hocks and tail tip. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle,_after_Matham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle%2C_after_Matham.jpg/220px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle%2C_after_Matham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle%2C_after_Matham.jpg/330px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle%2C_after_Matham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle%2C_after_Matham.jpg/440px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_A_poodle%2C_after_Matham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="1907" /></a><figcaption>A 17th-century engraving of a Poodle</figcaption></figure> <p>Most cynologists believe the Poodle originated in Germany in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, from a dog similar to today's Standard Poodle. The Poodle was Germany's <a href="/wiki/Water_dog" title="Water dog">water dog</a>, just as England had the <a href="/wiki/English_Water_Spaniel" title="English Water Spaniel">English Water Spaniel</a>, France the <a href="/wiki/Barbet_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbet (dog)">Barbet</a>, Ireland the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Water_Spaniel" title="Irish Water Spaniel">Irish Water Spaniel</a> and the Netherlands the <a href="/wiki/Wetterhoun" title="Wetterhoun">Wetterhoun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-87_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hancock_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hancock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the evidence used to support this theory is the Germanic name for the breed, Poodle or "Pudel" in German, which is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> word "puddeln", meaning "to splash". Numerous works by various German artists from as early as the 17th century depict dogs of recognisably Poodle type.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-87_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cynologists believe the Poodle originated in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, where it is known as the "Caniche" and that the breed descends from the Barbet. This view is shared by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a> (FCI, International Canine Federation).<sup id="cite_ref-FCI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fiorone_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiorone-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others argue that the breed originated in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> or <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Africa">Northwest Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hancock_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hancock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fiorone_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiorone-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whatever the Poodle's country of origin, both their German and French breed names indicate the modern Poodle's ancestors were widely used by waterfowlers both to retrieve shot game and to recover lost <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crossbow_bolt" title="Crossbow bolt">bolts</a> that had missed their mark.<sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hancock_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hancock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size_variants">Size variants <span class="anchor" id="Size_varieties"></span></h3></div> <p>Due to their intelligence, obedient nature, athleticism and looks poodles were frequently employed in circuses, particularly in France.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fiorone_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiorone-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In French circuses poodles were selectively bred down in size to create what is now known as the miniature poodle, which was known as the toy poodle until 1907, as a smaller sized dog is easier to handle and transport in a travelling circus.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As circus performers the variety was frequently seen performing all manner of tricks including walking tightropes, acting out comedies and even performing magic and card tricks.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Toy Poodle was created at the beginning of the 20th century when breeders again bred Miniature Poodles down in size to create a popular companion dog.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, these efforts resulted in disfigured or misshapen pups, as well as pups with behavioural problems, as a result of irresponsible breeding for dwarfed size only. As new breeding practices were adopted, the variety became set as a toy-sized replica of the original.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later attempts to create an even smaller variety, the Teacup Poodle, were unable to overcome serious genetic abnormalities and were abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last of the Poodle varieties to be recognised was the Medium Poodle, which in size is mid way in between the Standard and the Miniature Poodle. Not universally recognised by the world's <a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">kennel clubs</a>, the Medium Poodle is recognised by the FCI and most Continental European kennel clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCI_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the reasons for creating this fourth size variety may have been a desire to reduce the number of entries of Poodles by variety at <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">conformation shows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3></div> <p>The Poodle was recognised by the Kennel Club of the United Kingdom in 1874, and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1886, soon after the founding of both clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, poodles were unpopular until 1935, when the Poodle Nunsoe Duc de la Terrace won best in show at <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, they rapidly gained prominence, becoming the AKC's most registered breed from 1960 to 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1935, Poodles have won best in show at Westminster 10 times, the second-most of any breed.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, the Poodle was the third-most popular FCI registered breed worldwide, after the <a href="/wiki/Labrador_Retriever" title="Labrador Retriever">Labrador Retriever</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a>, with 118,653 new dogs registered per year from the 25 countries surveyed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg/157px-Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg/236px-Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg/314px-Pudel_Grossschwarz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>Black Standard Poodle</figcaption></figure> <p>The Poodle is an active, athletic breed with the varieties differing mostly by size.<sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-87_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-87-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FCI's <a href="/wiki/Breed_standard" title="Breed standard">breed standard</a> states the Standard Poodle stands between 45 and 62 centimetres (18 and 24 in), the Medium Poodle between 35 and 45 centimetres (14 and 18 in), the Miniature Poodle between 28 and 35 centimetres (11 and 14 in) and the Toy Poodle 24 and 28 centimetres (9.4 and 11.0 in).<sup id="cite_ref-FCI_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kennel clubs which do not recognise the Medium Poodle variety typically have the Standard Poodle between 38 and 60 centimetres (15 and 24 in) and Miniature Poodle between 28 and 38 centimetres (11 and 15 in), with the toy variety remaining unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A healthy adult Standard Poodle typically weighs between 20 and 32 kilograms (44 and 71 lb), a Medium Poodle between 15 and 19 kilograms (33 and 42 lb), a Miniature Poodle between 12 and 14 kilograms (26 and 31 lb) and a Toy Poodle between 6.5 and 7.5 kilograms (14 and 17 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Fogle_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coat">Coat</h4></div> <p>Poodles have thick, curly coats with harsh fur. A pet owner can anticipate grooming a Poodle every four to eight weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poodles are often cited as a <a href="/wiki/Hypoallergenic_dog_breed" title="Hypoallergenic dog breed">hypoallergenic dog breed</a>. Their individual hair follicles have an active growth period that is longer than that of many other breeds; combined with the tightly curled coat, which slows the loss of <a href="/wiki/Dander" title="Dander">dander</a> and dead hair by trapping it in the curls, an individual Poodle may release less dander and hair into the environment. However, researchers have generally not found a difference in allergens across breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clips_and_grooming">Clips and grooming</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg/150px-CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg/225px-CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg/300px-CH_Renaissance_Hopeful_Impulse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Miniature Poodle with a Continental clip</figcaption></figure> <p>The FCI and AKC allows Poodles to be shown in the Puppy, Continental (Lion in the FCI standard), English Saddle, or Sporting (Modern) clip. The FCI additionally recognizes the Scandinavian clip.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCI_Standard_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI_Standard-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most popular in the show ring is the Continental clip, where the face and rear end of the body are clipped, leaving tufts on the hocks and tip of the tail and rosettes on the hips.<sup id="cite_ref-AKC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar clip was historically used to prevent the poodle from getting weighted down by their fur when swimming to retrieve a bird, while still leaving their joints and vital organs covered.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pet poodles are most often clipped similarly to the Sporting clip —evenly over their entire body, with the face and paws cut shorter.<sup id="cite_ref-AKC_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most cases, whether a Poodle is in a pet or show clip, the hair is completely brushed out. Poodle hair can also be "corded" with rope-like mats similar to those of a <a href="/wiki/Komondor" title="Komondor">Komondor</a> or human <a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">dreadlocks</a>. Though once as common as the curly Poodle, corded Poodles are now rare. <a href="/wiki/Cording_(dog_grooming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cording (dog grooming)">Corded coats</a> are difficult to keep clean and take a long time to dry after washing.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corded Poodles may be shown in all major kennel club shows.<sup id="cite_ref-FCI_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UKC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colours">Colours</h4></div> <p>The Poodle has a wide variety of colouring, including white, black, brown, blue, gray, silver, <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_au_Lait" class="mw-redirect" title="Café au Lait">café au lait</a>, silver beige, cream, apricot, and red, and patterns such as parti-, abstract, <a href="/wiki/Sable_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sable (dog)">sable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brindle" title="Brindle">brindle</a> and phantom.<sup id="cite_ref-AKCInfo_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCInfo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognized FCI colourations are black, white, brown, gray, fawn, brindle, black&fawn, brown&fawn, bicolor and tricolor.<sup id="cite_ref-FCI_Standard_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI_Standard-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognition of multi-colored Poodles varies by registry. They were common historically, but became less popular in the early 1900s, and are excluded from many registries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> (AKC) recognizes Poodles in either solid-coloured and multi-colored coats; however, only solid-colored poodles may compete in <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">conformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A parti-Poodle has patches of any other solid colour over a primarily white coat.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a parti-coloured Poodle has black-and-white markings that resemble those of a <a href="/wiki/Tuxedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuxedo">tuxedo</a>, it is called a "tuxedo" Poodle.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An abstract Poodle is primarily solid-coloured, with patches of white.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phantom Poodles have a solid main color with a lighter colour appearing on their "eyebrows", muzzle and throat, legs and feet and below their tail. Phantom Poodles may also have a full face of the secondary color.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White Poodles"><img alt="White Poodles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg/159px-Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg/238px-Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg/318px-Pudel_kleinweiss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">White Poodles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apricot and red Poodles"><img alt="Apricot and red Poodles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg/160px-Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg/240px-Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg/320px-Pudel_Klein_apricotred.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apricot and red Poodles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freddie_(8467901543).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black Poodle"><img alt="Black Poodle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Freddie_%288467901543%29.jpg/106px-Freddie_%288467901543%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Freddie_%288467901543%29.jpg/160px-Freddie_%288467901543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Freddie_%288467901543%29.jpg/213px-Freddie_%288467901543%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Black Poodle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maisiepuppydog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brown Standard Poodle at five weeks"><img alt="Brown Standard Poodle at five weeks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Maisiepuppydog.jpg/120px-Maisiepuppydog.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Maisiepuppydog.jpg/180px-Maisiepuppydog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Maisiepuppydog.jpg/240px-Maisiepuppydog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="747" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brown Standard Poodle at five weeks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mature silver Poodle"><img alt="Mature silver Poodle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg/160px-Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg/240px-Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg/320px-Pudel_Zwerg_SilberShow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mature silver Poodle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phantom Poodles"><img alt="Phantom Poodles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg/160px-Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg/240px-Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg/320px-Pudel_Zwerg_Blackandtan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phantom Poodles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miniature parti-Poodle"><img alt="Miniature parti-Poodle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg/160px-Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg/240px-Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg/320px-Pudel_ZwergHarlekin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miniature parti-Poodle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dog show champion"><img alt="Dog show champion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg/160px-Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg/240px-Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg/320px-Poodle_Champion_Dog_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2553" data-file-height="2476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dog_show" title="Dog show">Dog show</a> champion</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperament">Temperament</h3></div> <p>Poodles are a highly intelligent, energetic, and sociable breed. A <a href="/wiki/The_Intelligence_of_Dogs" title="The Intelligence of Dogs">1994 book</a> by Stanley Corey ranked them second out of 130 breeds in "working and obedience intelligence", a measure of their ability to learn from humans.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shyness or sharpness is considered a serious fault in the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2></div> <p>The life expectancy of the Poodle varies based on size, as smaller dogs live longer than larger dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study in Japan found the Toy Poodle to have a life expectancy of 12.7 years.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">crossbreeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2005 Swedish study found 25% of miniature and toy Poodles died by the age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poodles suffer from a number of hereditary diseases. The Poodle Health Registry lists over 50 major health disorders of Standard Poodles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the worst common hereditary poodle diseases are the skin disease <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_adenitis" title="Sebaceous adenitis">sebaceous adenitis</a> (estimated prevalence 2.7%) and <a href="/wiki/Addison%27s_disease_in_canines" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison's disease in canines">Addison’s disease</a>, an endocrine system disorder. Both diseases became more prevalent in poodles after the 1960s burst in poodle popularity led to rapid breeding aimed at producing good show dogs. The breeding focused on a small number of popular bloodlines, creating a genetic bottleneck.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One study estimated that two average Standard Poodles are about as closely related as the offspring of two full sibling <a href="/wiki/Village_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Village dog">village dogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Poodle is predisposed to the following dermatological conditions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allergic_skin_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allergic skin disease (page does not exist)">allergic skin disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alopecia_X" title="Alopecia X">alopecia X</a> or follicular arrest, injection site alopecia, <a href="/wiki/Otitis_externa" title="Otitis externa">otitis externa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_adenitis" title="Sebaceous adenitis">sebaceous adenitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dermatology_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dermatology-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Poodle is predisposed to <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism_in_dogs" title="Hypothyroidism in dogs">hypothyroidism</a> and<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dermatology_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dermatology-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cushing%27s_syndrome_(veterinary)" title="Cushing's syndrome (veterinary)">Cushing's syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Poodle is one of the more commonly affected breeds for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_rod-cone_degeneration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progressive rod-cone degeneration (page does not exist)">progressive rod-cone degeneration</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal recessive">autosomal recessive</a> mutation in the <a href="/wiki/PRCD" title="PRCD">PRCD</a> gene is responsible for the condition in the breed.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_and_sport">Work and sport</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg/220px-Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg/330px-Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg/440px-Bo_the_poodle_retrieving_a_duck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1685" /></a><figcaption>Poodle retrieving a duck</figcaption></figure><p>Poodles were originally bred for <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">waterfowl hunting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FCI_Standard_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI_Standard-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this history, they are currently classified as companion dogs by the FCI.<sup id="cite_ref-FCI_Standard_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCI_Standard-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the late 1980s, some breeders in the United States and Canada have been selecting for dogs with drive for birds in order to revive the breed for hunting, with some success.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poodles are highly trainable dogs that typically excel in obedience training.<sup id="cite_ref-AKCInfo_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCInfo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, they were a popular circus dog. In addition to hunt tests, they do well in <a href="/wiki/Dog_agility" title="Dog agility">agility</a> and rally.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaim_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaim-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are among the most popular service dog breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poodles have been used as working dogs in the military since at least the 17th century, most likely because of their highly intelligent, trainable nature. Their background as a hunting dog makes them suitable to battlefields, and they can be trained to ignore gunfire. During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert of the Rhine</a> had a famous <a href="/wiki/Boy_(dog)" title="Boy (dog)">hunting Poodle</a> who would ride into battle with his master on horseback. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> wrote in his memoirs about the faithfulness of a grenadier's pet Poodle who stayed with the body of his master at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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.reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Alderton-87-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-87_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-87_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-87_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlderton1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Alderton" title="David Alderton">Alderton, David</a> (1987). <i>The dog: the most complete, illustrated, practical guide to dogs and their world</i>. London: New Burlington Books. pp. 87–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-948872-13-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-948872-13-6"><bdi>978-0-948872-13-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+dog%3A+the+most+complete%2C+illustrated%2C+practical+guide+to+dogs+and+their+world&rft.place=London&rft.pages=87-88&rft.pub=New+Burlington+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-948872-13-6&rft.aulast=Alderton&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alderton-08-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderton-08_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlderton2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Alderton" title="David Alderton">Alderton, David</a> (2008). <i>The encyclopedia of dogs</i>. Bath: Parragon Books Ltd. pp. 131 & 354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4454-0853-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4454-0853-8"><bdi>978-1-4454-0853-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+dogs&rft.place=Bath&rft.pages=131+%26+354&rft.pub=Parragon+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4454-0853-8&rft.aulast=Alderton&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fogle-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogle_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFogle2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Fogle" title="Bruce Fogle">Fogle, Bruce</a> (2009). <i>The encyclopedia of the dog</i>. New York: DK Publishing. pp. 68–69, 190 & 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6004-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6004-8"><bdi>978-0-7566-6004-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+the+dog&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68-69%2C+190+%26+282&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-6004-8&rft.aulast=Fogle&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hancock-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hancock_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hancock_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hancock_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock2013" class="citation book cs1">Hancock, David (2013). <i>Gundogs: their past, their performance and their prospects</i>. Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. pp. 33 & 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-492-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-492-1"><bdi>978-1-84797-492-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gundogs%3A+their+past%2C+their+performance+and+their+prospects&rft.place=Ramsbury%2C+Marlborough&rft.pages=33+%26+37-38&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84797-492-1&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Morris, Desmond</a> (2001). <i>Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds</i>. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 295–297 & 526–529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57076-219-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57076-219-2"><bdi>978-1-57076-219-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogs%3A+the+ultimate+dictionary+of+over+1%2C000+dog+breeds&rft.place=North+Pomfret%2C+VT&rft.pages=295-297+%26+526-529&rft.pub=Trafalgar+Square+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57076-219-2&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCI_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCI_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCI_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCI_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/172g09-en.pdf">"FCI-Standard N° 172: Poodle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></i>. 23 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+Cynologique+Internationale&rft.atitle=FCI-Standard+N%C2%B0+172%3A+Poodle&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fci.be%2FNomenclature%2FStandards%2F172g09-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fiorone-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fiorone_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fiorone_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fiorone_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiorone1973" class="citation book cs1">Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1973). <i>The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds</i>. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company. pp. 377–381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-690-00056-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-690-00056-6"><bdi>978-0-690-00056-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+dogs%3A+the+canine+breeds&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=377-381&rft.pub=Thomas+Y.+Cromwell+Company&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-690-00056-6&rft.aulast=Fiorone&rft.aufirst=Fiorenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedersenLiuMcLaughlinSacks2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pedersen, N. C.; Liu, H.; McLaughlin, B.; Sacks, B. N. (18 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1399-0039.2012.01876.x">"Genetic characterization of healthy and sebaceous adenitis affected Standard Poodles from the United States and the United Kingdom"</a>. <i>Tissue Antigens</i>. <b>80</b> (1): 46–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1399-0039.2012.01876.x">10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01876.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-2815">0001-2815</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512808">22512808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tissue+Antigens&rft.atitle=Genetic+characterization+of+healthy+and+sebaceous+adenitis+affected+Standard+Poodles+from+the+United+States+and+the+United+Kingdom&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-57&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft.issn=0001-2815&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22512808&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1399-0039.2012.01876.x&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=N.+C.&rft.au=Liu%2C+H.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+B.&rft.au=Sacks%2C+B.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1399-0039.2012.01876.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaim2019" class="citation web cs1">Flaim, Denise (15 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/news/hayes-blake-hoyt-poodle-breeder-handler-and-icon/">"Madame Poodle: Hayes Blake Hoyt Helped Create the Modern Sculpted Show Dog"</a>. American Kennel Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madame+Poodle%3A+Hayes+Blake+Hoyt+Helped+Create+the+Modern+Sculpted+Show+Dog&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft.aulast=Flaim&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fexpert-advice%2Fnews%2Fhayes-blake-hoyt-poodle-breeder-handler-and-icon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110413210331/http://www.akc.org/press_center/facts_stats.cfm?page=popular_pooches">"AKC Registration Statistics Fact Sheet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/press_center/facts_stats.cfm?page=popular_pooches">the original</a> on 13 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKC+Registration+Statistics+Fact+Sheet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fpress_center%2Ffacts_stats.cfm%3Fpage%3Dpopular_pooches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flaim-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flaim_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaim" class="citation web cs1">Flaim, Denise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/the-poodle-paradox-historical-haircut/">"The Poodle Paradox: History Behind a Haircut"</a>. <i>American Kennel Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Kennel+Club&rft.atitle=The+Poodle+Paradox%3A+History+Behind+a+Haircut&rft.aulast=Flaim&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fexpert-advice%2Fdog-breeds%2Fthe-poodle-paradox-historical-haircut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dogwellnet.com/content/population-statistics/general-breeds-specific-disease-inform/information-on-breeding-animals/registries-health-information/registration-figures-worldwide-%E2%80%93-from-top-thirty-to-endangered-breeds-r292/">"Registration figures worldwide – from top thirty to endangered breeds"</a>. <i>DogWellNet</i>. 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DogWellNet&rft.atitle=Registration+figures+worldwide+%E2%80%93+from+top+thirty+to+endangered+breeds&rft.date=2017-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdogwellnet.com%2Fcontent%2Fpopulation-statistics%2Fgeneral-breeds-specific-disease-inform%2Finformation-on-breeding-animals%2Fregistries-health-information%2Fregistration-figures-worldwide-%25E2%2580%2593-from-top-thirty-to-endangered-breeds-r292%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuidry2010" class="citation book cs1">Guidry, Virginia Parker (5 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ug0JzeJ0zK8C&dq=poodle+temperament&pg=PT20"><i>Your Poodle's Life: Your Complete Guide to Raising Your Pet from Puppy to Companion</i></a>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-54998-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-54998-3"><bdi>978-0-307-54998-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+Poodle%27s+Life%3A+Your+Complete+Guide+to+Raising+Your+Pet+from+Puppy+to+Companion&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft.isbn=978-0-307-54998-3&rft.aulast=Guidry&rft.aufirst=Virginia+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dug0JzeJ0zK8C%26dq%3Dpoodle%2Btemperament%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholasWegienkaHavstadZoratti2011" class="citation journal cs1">Nicholas, Charlotte E.; Wegienka, Ganesa R.; Havstad, Suzanne L.; Zoratti, Edward M.; Ownby, Dennis R.; Johnson, Christine Cole (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680143">"Dog allergen levels in homes with hypoallergenic compared with nonhypoallergenic dogs"</a>. <i>American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 252–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2500%2Fajra.2011.25.3606">10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3606</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-8924">1945-8924</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680143">3680143</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21819763">21819763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Rhinology+%26+Allergy&rft.atitle=Dog+allergen+levels+in+homes+with+hypoallergenic+compared+with+nonhypoallergenic+dogs&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=252-256&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3680143%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1945-8924&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21819763&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2500%2Fajra.2011.25.3606&rft.aulast=Nicholas&rft.aufirst=Charlotte+E.&rft.au=Wegienka%2C+Ganesa+R.&rft.au=Havstad%2C+Suzanne+L.&rft.au=Zoratti%2C+Edward+M.&rft.au=Ownby%2C+Dennis+R.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Christine+Cole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3680143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrady1997" class="citation news cs1">Grady, Denise (5 February 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E0D61E3DF936A35751C0A961958260&n=Top/News/Science/Topics/Animals">"Nonallergenic Dog? Not Really"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130075706/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E0D61E3DF936A35751C0A961958260&n=Top%2FNews%2FScience%2FTopics%2FAnimals">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nonallergenic+Dog%3F+Not+Really&rft.date=1997-02-05&rft.aulast=Grady&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B07E0D61E3DF936A35751C0A961958260%26n%3DTop%2FNews%2FScience%2FTopics%2FAnimals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span> How hypoallergenic the dog is may vary with the individual dog and the individual person.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakalar2011" class="citation web cs1">Bakalar, Nicholas (11 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/the-myth-of-the-allergy-free-dog/">"The Myth of the Allergy-Free Dog"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+the+Allergy-Free+Dog&rft.date=2011-07-11&rft.aulast=Bakalar&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwell.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F07%2F11%2Fthe-myth-of-the-allergy-free-dog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poodleclubofamerica.org/akc-breed-standard/">"AKC Breed Standard"</a>. <i>The Poodle Club of America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"</a>. <i>Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica</i>. <b>46</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1751-0147-46-121">10.1186/1751-0147-46-121</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-0147">1751-0147</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1624818">1624818</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16261925">16261925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Veterinaria+Scandinavica&rft.atitle=Mortality+in+over+350%2C000+Insured+Swedish+Dogs+from+1995%E2%80%932000%3A+II.+Breed-Specific+Age+and+Survival+Patterns+and+Relative+Risk+for+Causes+of+Death&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2005-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1624818%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1751-0147&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16261925&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1751-0147-46-121&rft.aulast=Egenvall&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Bonnett%2C+Bn&rft.au=Hedhammar%2C+%C3%A5&rft.au=Olson%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1624818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedersenBruckerTessierLiu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Pedersen, Niels C.; Brucker, Lynn; Tessier, Natalie Green; Liu, Hongwei; Penedo, Maria Cecilia T.; Hughes, Shayne; Oberbauer, Anita; Sacks, Ben (27 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4579369">"The effect of genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding on the incidence of two major autoimmune diseases in standard poodles, sebaceous adenitis and Addison's disease"</a>. <i>Canine Genetics and Epidemiology</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40575-015-0026-5">10.1186/s40575-015-0026-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2052-6687">2052-6687</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4579369">4579369</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26401342">26401342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canine+Genetics+and+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+genetic+bottlenecks+and+inbreeding+on+the+incidence+of+two+major+autoimmune+diseases+in+standard+poodles%2C+sebaceous+adenitis+and+Addison%27s+disease&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4579369%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2052-6687&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26401342&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40575-015-0026-5&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Niels+C.&rft.au=Brucker%2C+Lynn&rft.au=Tessier%2C+Natalie+Green&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hongwei&rft.au=Penedo%2C+Maria+Cecilia+T.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Shayne&rft.au=Oberbauer%2C+Anita&rft.au=Sacks%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4579369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dermatology-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dermatology_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dermatology_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHnilicaPatterson2016" class="citation book cs1">Hnilica, Keith A.; Patterson, Adam P. 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British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-910-44339-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-910-44339-2"><bdi>978-1-910-44339-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genetics&rft.btitle=BSAVA+Textbook+of+Veterinary+Nursing&rft.pages=131&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.pub=British+Small+Animal+Veterinary+Association&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-910-44339-2&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=James+A.C.&rft.au=Mellersh%2C+Cathryn+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoodle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/sports/ci_8307818">"Poodles ready to hunt"</a>. Denverpost.com. 19 February 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211040726/http://www.denverpost.com/sports/ci_8307818">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dogs_originating_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_dogs" title="Template:French dogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_dogs" title="Template talk:French dogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_dogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French dogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dogs_originating_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dogs originating in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Scent_hound" title="Scent hound">Scenthounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Fran%C3%A7ais_de_Petite_V%C3%A9nerie" title="Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie">Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A9geois" title="Ariégeois">Ariégeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artois_Hound" title="Artois Hound">Artois Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basset_Art%C3%A9sien_Normand" title="Basset Artésien Normand">Basset Artésien Normand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basset_Bleu_de_Gascogne" title="Basset Bleu de Gascogne">Basset Bleu de Gascogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basset_Fauve_de_Bretagne" title="Basset Fauve de Bretagne">Basset Fauve de Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle-Harrier" title="Beagle-Harrier">Beagle-Harrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_(dog)" title="Billy (dog)">Billy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodhound" title="Bloodhound">Bloodhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briquet_de_Provence" title="Briquet de Provence">Briquet de Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briquet_Griffon_Vend%C3%A9en" title="Briquet Griffon Vendéen">Briquet Griffon Vendéen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien_Fran%C3%A7ais_Blanc_et_Noir" title="Chien Français Blanc et Noir">Chien Français Blanc et Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien_Fran%C3%A7ais_Blanc_et_Orange" title="Chien Français Blanc et Orange">Chien Français Blanc et Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien_Fran%C3%A7ais_Tricolore" title="Chien Français Tricolore">Chien Français Tricolore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascon_Saintongeois" title="Gascon Saintongeois">Gascon Saintongeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Anglo-Fran%C3%A7ais_Blanc_et_Noir" title="Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir">Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Anglo-Fran%C3%A7ais_Blanc_et_Orange" title="Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange">Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Anglo-Fran%C3%A7ais_Tricolore" title="Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore">Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Basset_Griffon_Vend%C3%A9en" title="Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen">Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bleu_de_Gascogne" title="Grand Bleu de Gascogne">Grand Bleu de Gascogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Griffon_Vend%C3%A9en" title="Grand Griffon Vendéen">Grand Griffon Vendéen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffon_Bleu_de_Gascogne" title="Griffon Bleu de Gascogne">Griffon Bleu de Gascogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffon_Fauve_de_Bretagne" title="Griffon Fauve de Bretagne">Griffon Fauve de Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffon_Nivernais" title="Griffon Nivernais">Griffon Nivernais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Basset_Griffon_Vend%C3%A9en" title="Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen">Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Bleu_de_Gascogne" title="Petit Bleu de Gascogne">Petit Bleu de Gascogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitevin_hound" title="Poitevin hound">Poitevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelaine" title="Porcelaine">Porcelaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">Gun dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbet_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbet (dog)">Barbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Picardy_Spaniel" title="Blue Picardy Spaniel">Blue Picardy Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_d%27Auvergne" title="Braque d'Auvergne">Braque d'Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariege_Pointer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariege Pointer">Braque de l'Ariege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_du_Bourbonnais" title="Braque du Bourbonnais">Braque du Bourbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_Francais" class="mw-redirect" title="Braque Francais">Braque Francais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_Saint-Germain" title="Braque Saint-Germain">Braque Saint-Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittany (dog)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Spaniel" title="French Spaniel">French Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy_Spaniel" title="Picardy Spaniel">Picardy Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Audemer_Spaniel" title="Pont-Audemer Spaniel">Pont-Audemer Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Usuge_Spaniel" title="Saint-Usuge Spaniel">Saint-Usuge Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirehaired_Pointing_Griffon" title="Wirehaired Pointing Griffon">Wirehaired Pointing Griffon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Pastoral dogs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauceron" title="Beauceron">Beauceron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berger_Picard" title="Berger Picard">Berger Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briard" title="Briard">Briard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Mountain_Dog" title="Pyrenean Mountain Dog">Pyrenean Mountain Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Sheepdog" title="Pyrenean Sheepdog">Pyrenean Sheepdog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichon_Frise" class="mw-redirect" title="Bichon Frise">Bichon Frise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursinu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursinu">Cursinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogue_de_Bordeaux" title="Dogue de Bordeaux">Dogue de Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Bulldog" title="French Bulldog">French Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papillon_dog" title="Papillon dog">Papillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phal%C3%A8ne" title="Phalène">Phalène</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poodle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braque_Dupuy" title="Braque Dupuy">Braque Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-gris" title="Chien-gris">Chien-gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Fauve_de_Bretagne" title="Grand Fauve de Bretagne">Grand Fauve de Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_White_Hound" title="King's White Hound">King's White Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hound" title="Norman Hound">Norman Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (dog)">Talbot Hound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dogs_originating_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_dogs" title="Template:German dogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_dogs" title="Template talk:German dogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_dogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German dogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dogs_originating_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dogs originating in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Hound" title="Hound">Hounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Mountain_Hound" title="Bavarian Mountain Hound">Bavarian Mountain Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Hound" title="German Hound">German Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Hound" title="Hanover Hound">Hanover Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_Dachsbracke" title="Westphalian Dachsbracke">Westphalian Dachsbracke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Gundog" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundog">Gundogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Longhaired_Pointer" title="German Longhaired Pointer">German Longhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Roughhaired_Pointer" title="German Roughhaired Pointer">German Roughhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Shorthaired_Pointer" title="German Shorthaired Pointer">German Shorthaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spaniel" title="German Spaniel">German Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Wirehaired_Pointer" title="German Wirehaired Pointer">German Wirehaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Large Münsterländer">Large Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudelpointer" title="Pudelpointer">Pudelpointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Small Münsterländer">Small Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimaraner" title="Weimaraner">Weimaraner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_German_herding_dogs" title="Old German herding dogs">Old German herding dogs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">Earth dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dachshund" title="Dachshund">Dachshund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdterrier" title="Jagdterrier">Jagdterrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Schnauzer" title="Miniature Schnauzer">Miniature Schnauzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Toy_dog" title="Toy dog">Toy dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affenpinscher" title="Affenpinscher">Affenpinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biewer_Terrier" title="Biewer Terrier">Biewer Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Pinscher" title="Miniature Pinscher">Miniature Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranian (dog)">Pomeranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Eskimo_Dog" title="American Eskimo Dog">American Eskimo Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer (dog)">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobermann" title="Dobermann">Dobermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasier" title="Eurasier">Eurasier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Pinscher" title="German Pinscher">German Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spitz" title="German Spitz">German Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Schnauzer" title="Giant Schnauzer">Giant Schnauzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dane" title="Great Dane">Great Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovawart" title="Hovawart">Hovawart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeshond" title="Keeshond">Keeshond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromfohrl%C3%A4nder" title="Kromfohrländer">Kromfohrländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger">Leonberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweiler" title="Rottweiler">Rottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer" title="Standard Schnauzer">Standard Schnauzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullenbeisser" title="Bullenbeisser">Bullenbeisser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gundogs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gundogs" title="Template:Gundogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gundogs" title="Template talk:Gundogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gundogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gundogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gundogs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gundog" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundog">Gundogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Pointing_dog" title="Pointing dog">Pointers</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Setter" title="Setter">setters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_Pointer" title="Ariège Pointer">Ariège Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Picardy_Spaniel" title="Blue Picardy Spaniel">Blue Picardy Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracco_Italiano" title="Bracco Italiano">Bracco Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_d%27Auvergne" title="Braque d'Auvergne">Braque d'Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_du_Bourbonnais" title="Braque du Bourbonnais">Braque du Bourbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_Francais" class="mw-redirect" title="Braque Francais">Braque Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braque_Saint-Germain" title="Braque Saint-Germain">Braque Saint-Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittany (dog)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos_Pointer" title="Burgos Pointer">Burgos Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_M%C3%A8_Mallorqu%C3%AD" title="Ca Mè Mallorquí">Ca Mè Mallorquí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesky_Fousek" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesky Fousek">Cesky Fousek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drentse_Patrijshond" title="Drentse Patrijshond">Drentse Patrijshond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Setter" title="English Setter">English Setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Spaniel" title="French Spaniel">French Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Longhaired_Pointer" title="German Longhaired Pointer">German Longhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Roughhaired_Pointer" title="German Roughhaired Pointer">German Roughhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Shorthaired_Pointer" title="German Shorthaired Pointer">German Shorthaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Wirehaired_Pointer" title="German Wirehaired Pointer">German Wirehaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Setter" title="Gordon Setter">Gordon Setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Red_and_White_Setter" title="Irish Red and White Setter">Irish Red and White Setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Setter" title="Irish Setter">Irish Setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Large Münsterländer">Large Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Danish_Pointer" title="Old Danish Pointer">Old Danish Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pach%C3%B3n_Navarro" title="Pachón Navarro">Pachón Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy_Spaniel" title="Picardy Spaniel">Picardy Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdigueiro_Galego" title="Perdigueiro Galego">Perdigueiro Galego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointer_(dog_breed)" title="Pointer (dog breed)">Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Pointer" title="Portuguese Pointer">Portuguese Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudelpointer" title="Pudelpointer">Pudelpointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Usuge_Spaniel" title="Saint-Usuge Spaniel">Saint-Usuge Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Rough-haired_Pointer" title="Slovak Rough-haired Pointer">Slovakian Roughhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Small Münsterländer">Small Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinone_Italiano" title="Spinone Italiano">Spinone Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabyhoun" title="Stabyhoun">Stabyhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizsla" title="Vizsla">Vizsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimaraner" title="Weimaraner">Weimaraner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirehaired_Pointing_Griffon" title="Wirehaired Pointing Griffon">Wirehaired Pointing Griffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirehaired_Vizsla" title="Wirehaired Vizsla">Wirehaired Vizsla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Retriever" title="Retriever">Retrievers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Retriever" title="Chesapeake Bay Retriever">Chesapeake Bay Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly-coated_Retriever" title="Curly-coated Retriever">Curly-coated Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-coated_Retriever" title="Flat-coated Retriever">Flat-coated Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Retriever" title="Golden Retriever">Golden Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Retriever" title="Labrador Retriever">Labrador Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Duck_Tolling_Retriever" title="Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever">Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Spaniel" title="Spaniel">Spaniels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cocker_Spaniel" title="American Cocker Spaniel">American Cocker Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boykin_Spaniel" title="Boykin Spaniel">Boykin Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clumber_Spaniel" title="Clumber Spaniel">Clumber Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Cocker_Spaniel" title="English Cocker Spaniel">English Cocker Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Springer_Spaniel" title="English Springer Spaniel">English Springer Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Spaniel" title="Field Spaniel">Field Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spaniel" title="German Spaniel">German Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kooikerhondje" title="Kooikerhondje">Kooikerhondje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Audemer_Spaniel" title="Pont-Audemer Spaniel">Pont-Audemer Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Spaniel" title="Russian Spaniel">Russian Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Spaniel" title="Sussex Spaniel">Sussex Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Springer_Spaniel" title="Welsh Springer Spaniel">Welsh Springer Spaniel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Water_dog" title="Water dog">Water dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Water_Spaniel" title="American Water Spaniel">American Water Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbet_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbet (dog)">Barbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Water_Dog" title="Cantabrian Water Dog">Cantabrian Water Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Water_Spaniel" title="Irish Water Spaniel">Irish Water Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagotto_Romagnolo" title="Lagotto Romagnolo">Lagotto Romagnolo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Water_Dog" title="Portuguese Water Dog">Portuguese Water Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Water_Dog" title="Spanish Water Dog">Spanish Water Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetterhoun" title="Wetterhoun">Wetterhoun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinct</a> breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braque_Dupuy" title="Braque Dupuy">Braque Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Water_Spaniel" title="English Water Spaniel">English Water Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Spaniel" title="Norfolk Spaniel">Norfolk Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Pointer" title="Old Spanish Pointer">Old Spanish Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_Water_Spaniel" title="Tweed Water Spaniel">Tweed Water Spaniel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Toy_dogs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;;background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Toy_dogs" title="Template:Toy dogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Toy_dogs" title="Template talk:Toy dogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toy_dogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Toy dogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Toy_dogs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toy_dog" title="Toy dog">Toy dogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affenpinscher" title="Affenpinscher">Affenpinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Silky_Terrier" title="Australian Silky Terrier">Australian Silky Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bichon_Fris%C3%A9" title="Bichon Frisé">Bichon Frisé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biewer_Terrier" title="Biewer Terrier">Biewer Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_dog" title="Bolognese dog">Bolognese dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolonka" title="Bolonka">Bolonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Terrier" title="Boston Terrier">Boston Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_King_Charles_Spaniel" title="Cavalier King Charles Spaniel">Cavalier King Charles Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chihuahua (dog)">Chihuahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Crested_Dog" title="Chinese Crested Dog">Chinese Crested Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coton_de_Tulear" title="Coton de Tulear">Coton de Tulear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Toy_Terrier_(Black_%26_Tan)" title="English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)">English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Bulldog" title="French Bulldog">French Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffon_Bruxellois" title="Griffon Bruxellois">Griffon Bruxellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havanese_dog" title="Havanese dog">Havanese dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Greyhound" title="Italian Greyhound">Italian Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Chin" title="Japanese Chin">Japanese Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_Spaniel" title="King Charles Spaniel">King Charles Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Apso" title="Lhasa Apso">Lhasa Apso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wchen" title="Löwchen">Löwchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_dog" title="Maltese dog">Maltese dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Pinscher" title="Miniature Pinscher">Miniature Pinscher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Size_varieties">Miniature Poodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papillon_dog" title="Papillon dog">Papillon dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekingese" title="Pekingese">Pekingese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phal%C3%A8ne" title="Phalène">Phalène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_dog" title="Pomeranian dog">Pomeranian dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pug" title="Pug">Pug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russkiy_Toy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russkiy Toy">Russkiy Toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shih_Tzu" title="Shih Tzu">Shih Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Spaniel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Spaniel">Tibetan Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Fox_Terrier" title="Toy Fox Terrier">Toy Fox Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Manchester_Terrier" title="Toy Manchester Terrier">Toy Manchester Terrier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Size_varieties">Toy Poodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Terrier" title="Yorkshire Terrier">Yorkshire Terrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><div> <dl><dd><b>Types:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bichon" title="Bichon">Bichon</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_toy_terriers" title="List of toy terriers">Toy terriers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div 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