CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91348aa66b93f910',cH: 'sPLZuPOMQXPsltVNkkuUv2T4Stcqs1M2ZIHtnUEXhYM-1739782349-1.2.1.1-tr.KObU1GZjhq_MQK65Gya4RYg16EUmS23mPqAesA8HAsSB_on6V9YIRRpMtDvpR',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=taper%20head-stem&__cf_chl_tk=fnjq3qqKybaIk57lrclvIliQ5pLK.mU8Z5tatTYKq4s-1739782349-1.0.1.1-FwIzRe3rumDkbgFYsu8Zf4NjWqrj2ZzPukyMiYzaXr8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782349',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=taper%20head-stem&__cf_chl_f_tk=fnjq3qqKybaIk57lrclvIliQ5pLK.mU8Z5tatTYKq4s-1739782349-1.0.1.1-FwIzRe3rumDkbgFYsu8Zf4NjWqrj2ZzPukyMiYzaXr8",md: "Rb3cp7CjX55dYWCupcl80fJ4opqskfZGjioSRoC57gM-1739782349-1.2.1.1-e.dzC0miu6VzAJBKvI7mcZcEWC1a7jxZX4JIBqoHDLeqs1HbRT9k1vdS5XvUB50ZdsWFJOlvhpdPcQLiPas57hEqBsw0bl3y1F55orMditVgJYxbJLu4APbYsSzgKyNHPvt2BFmM9X2N279o70p4iw37.4JcEJyjMjEuXyS56YazfeRQqKgOMaY6K1Z1YsPFExmheeIMMDFkei62dv2NivtSCDdNlBtS3BXdRMvPVxRIuvZE20gmww57IDpM5Urr0zM.HFEoPiBbVfQvtoTRuRn.2_fP6FdUzJCM8ujQEhp3BmgnKiXaWQuWvRxQh303TywMFnYOktmBdxj7neC...i7pEEe3Ow8g5H4rqTBTJFl5gr3tJIbJAHdS672r31VMXvbyOz3C2mb_BmJPvfPhRVKE6s86hh8vVVCuf9cSGdrJcnKvrljHT7p2MsgLVCBicxco_7gD9BEEr6AletL4STn5GzvIo_4TGB5NqVMqmz3u09jYsUaA3gsqZxgtivZ8NQgVx3V6Odj3y3RaTDOwaUqkr7uHs8tfsdwEjYuOgDTqdhk6ULMe5ekn7kY8vLHCmqQCOOHqceHGeGyv7zqu2utVzwhjp5V6nKT.ddmQNLwdwzt09MzRE7wu8bHO0HgC99xoPwnSoG3CKH_wwXU_17AoS5MmsEczg2zil6OGSJLEb88NvST10d_3tr_RPD9kM8ZikU1KpBZiV_IcJgv3UXj_TipFkSYWmHEl3SDyiiz14kh8wxvEDZZEa5Tc81lxpINGKreOddRPxOTArfX_fkIl1tz.GO2fDlML5grXlcbI.njSiqqobmK1bdQ8e92AE5kYYohbg8n4u_ubvgwjnog00.eHJ6yQdcy2rGadBti8mmBZfXlpjjFfHgCqfY9j1r2nijwIvnlklz28ImZAoxlILlIOgDFy17VkUA0T5GNCjEDlkVOy4_MRWVKg1oWb3HdJGqw54h7DEqHVSt1qxLyDxzWHppe2_e13F8gxzBD9pnzww1AaPAVuVWYZs83q42_1xw5I1riRl2t.qRETEaQRVz6ZtgPziN.lmSdvCTn6rWGDAj4X2HEPNNKaXHPVQ6pPq6t3eUzg4vYMprADzhzw5UTHv5dSpLJn5W2wF9Fo5IR3AdE6wmZlL4iLWSZmcIEi6EIaX_04x5_04YkzN0dgio9n2iVA8NrERu7L8V1nHvFRO0Yib4QF2fKDEQkKIpPPYHnTLV1UsHN6O79Xxe6azuJvCPQ2xQrsqyEDKYx.vvv7Ix5GXG8zdgfq_11_.R42nW4Ggjjd8STdS4LjgVg29ZMz6m0d5wypnDTshYisNw0suBt459prjsjIj4w8_01r_YN731NJ83kdmtXYQbQgDkyUuxLNG9YfFM6DWX9dyDbwMI2ZXqtFzPUqaNaiMQAn6he9vmopQVGF6PWAhUVA7z2VcMrTk9lX1j0fvgjSJr89gNVRGgjy7n87lyXpIWS5PtA1ZbffpnflhCsxJXEPIK3ibrCNeQ3fOfekLxCCsUfLEoQaOTzWH.Rb7_Fe96c2Q2O9iyQmUx33SKzw1EKqRwKM3fnBs4vnndqKNlXyd5bCYV61d1QmKp8F6g4_LLM09G_K.C_htiKXNo.43LOnY4wc5XJky3qT.kVh8rFS5GA0FCZB_0ll5Kmph_B890U4UnOLXN4dUqX6vuBSH4cGh1ya7vd3Lk6yDkeNBm2WXn8R4yuNDn2ldPv58jU718q2z84eIyR737C0_Ou9rR0sn7o1BwZMJMLHjIIWZYN.Ve0THYAS.FQVqIBRy5OU_5OXLVZ.hEzHsCW8S4RnnQAB2_QEYh4OCuphyNc2PGZLKJqx83w5B45J1qUIPCvQu47A25PL1Ptef9g3_zVdsEedqA4Loo32UGFnIajhQcT602iVeezt3iOUBGQJ1xiPHIjQv_L_O27pBhDSoyPew",mdrd: "xgbdE1OmG78Wb1q53S8cAMIhZL.5a9fkdlzAa5p1C_0-1739782349-1.2.1.1-O_oGChgSdr0ERyDBja40CBWBH1MFDCGd0Djtalr6FYKR8P8ocXoFsX3W2CwxV8RHIK44eqeSNNGL0EjiYUEsYIePDsbbPWgk76L_5gzCc9HHCoZqJmFF.2FSeeYeisFQbKyASl9iTiu1EjzQOuB7HB22YHpCgb_ZF4enYTzSN_y.9xC16Y4A0YYtytBbEc5.MqIk.Hxih0.26zyfrwBkQb_6UiqvMUJUCVLtIM.ySJNBmUkx0KuaVamrS.ozHSQiXVQv_aIoHqzinA__sqqI1sh.YRIBpWcNHEaFliHdBsqgFxloaV2xSrfodVGOIISUj1g5xobwIrM91UyTod3dskS_a7o2ctX_BzM02lhWhLB6HN1Jc8J0m7LfEf_Tt_69kiciGGlAiq91chhb9EbLbhrsf1rzE7lMwGGsbqc.yoR1r7DXbQFXNh6mVXtWogxCJYMLVoq5h6TSZxKy90bx31IEUYbLWSksojw2ME_SK2B2xAJdc6wUW96jhLWhiDvVEcalD.qG1TEKHl73YjThiGb1lmnQf5uqfvUdcAp2HpD1EKnWb0n2oQyjs49uGQM6TFSYaLf15bdae8.jquGFiR1PFsXU7tPUiycvjMS8wweaw6gHov3TmrzBYl2lBH.LQFWVg21QQlMj973BWa4N3ffT.Hl9KGagePGaKLKoenUhsFqw6CjHHpoFUVwThpKTRvcbO7hSg4Gvf46Brio3mRjiVxAbZXRFigUba0C_MW.SltPRNJIFh09HeaMsDmKqdC6oTsVNhY2FRHVpuVcKmMbenBd4JTpMddNRCiBdseBeKhfnfB9_yAsLE5DXh1QEi0rzpb_nq3Dox2AGu4R6yqA7uowOanXrIPQapURTCIoRZssc6GukN3O1gC1RqNI7o4kzMoOXKFJyg.vIRETcpJ8aliiYe2VvNZitXwjp3y9jdTTPBaeBHo9toi66n8RVPI5YwesbaOVqoCmdtfcN7CR0OY4AftWcQU0WgF2cjZu.xie9BV0HIVRUy_9ADuM0ul58RRX3arq7ArrA11potUlx6dDdAeAVe4LBmVR61xt6642Vtlv4fyLG1KF2t_9jQTzU._AQxeJgiqZkNvXSorca_5e9yCfRpHFj.hckX39VATr5V2WvuPSp6Ldtft_dHu6WtZg2wvqnF66z.w8m16I8LKq_YSHZQUY.Qpo8CQ77w_JuJrQBaxEmqFe3xBLNUjkwNrymQTLUlJ5wAMHCoP9rKnLO7T26kTJDhMOG4WzvJhBsGsZtLKzi2V2xnEfljcG3V_AeXZPz7ujvdveSQoPYvGpSbPXqfE3GU1AsLRfcrJwz1bR0CuH7o1bn5JpU_t1UG5plfSimFDX8CuJMbxSsqvHSDtgmD5t_oVuzeUaYhCzEtEwNyIej_MntnB1S0GjmvjX_ccN9NEn3uPWvjvA7SeB_5f5NDRDVcUpPBxIqXYtDbctmStsEvniW36LyWs.Bvvzw_vywEyAltt3tZCAiXRvJELKl0bUV9ZVBXS2AhS583Ahu.6lKxIXw0P2K7u1hq9n05zHojsW_RVD_oepJ8n1QDpx.iYzjBEmEINyzUhuHpGNgadUOO73VhEut1cCAEsy5zceznD0kmSWNaxp0OtjKV7JB54TsjTx93AztkmJtIKPGCvkAY7zMkM.bNqIOilICfSrfPOwlzlOPTFbk2sJmlxNsUsh39zxcN2Amgm2CoalZSQKXMVRIu1qcocHC7Ts2v5czHsNEklf8h57ggBWdgPEcMrhnWfhooNje6UuwV6xpm6e0o_yUpJUpJ37_MWkla1MhmIUnj2NvTMCRwGGotHt.gW8n9.Y49WahzYKNg.RcFBd78_nVFkiYbPHBdKbMkcxOkae4h7bXhCjGUYoyitqGcjTONCh3gEpFAij09WiOjtrtKGzQDGQ3vJKjb7oLHmeVhBcQ4ztLsOi9kjaJVrhvD0JOrU7yfypKIEobhRj6re6nvxxZiFp6rjoTCKmI7Xn0ZdF8io.wlw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91348aa66b93f910';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=taper%20head-stem&__cf_chl_rt_tk=fnjq3qqKybaIk57lrclvIliQ5pLK.mU8Z5tatTYKq4s-1739782349-1.0.1.1-FwIzRe3rumDkbgFYsu8Zf4NjWqrj2ZzPukyMiYzaXr8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>